Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 10,257 samples, a 13.13% reduction over the previous year (11,807 samples). Samples by service areas are: (a) Soil and Water Analyses-4381 (+3.79%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-4164 (-20.79%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses-313 (-52.86%), (d) Insect Identification-151 (-23.35%), (e) Plant Disease Diagnostics-1248 (-14.99%). Registered 129 participants (+40.22) for pesticide use training and distributed 365 (+54.66%) training packets. NEW STATE RECORDS for INSECTS: 1. Atrichonotus taeniatulus Berg (COLEOPTERA:Curculionidae), a broad-nosed weevil. Several adult specimens were collected January 26, 2009, in South Kohala,Hawaii Island by Jody Bright from the pouches (craw/crop) of 3 black francolins. Specimens were sent to the USDA, Systematic Lab via State Dept. of Agriculture, and identified by Jens Prena, June 2, 2009. 2. losyrus asellus (Oliver) (COLEOPTERA:Curculionidae), a rough sweet potato weevil. Adult weevils were reared from young grubs collected from soil encrusted sweet potato roots collected November 14, 2009, by Steve Fukuda from a commercial farm in Waipio, Oahu Island. Young grubs were associated with numerous feeding grooves and channels along the surface of the storage root. Identification was made by A.Samuelson of the Bishop Museum on January 23, 2009. 3. Klambothrips myopori Mound and Morris (THYSANOPTERA:Phlaeothripidae). Samples of galled leaves of Myoporum sandwicense were collected from the Waikaloa area of Hawaii Island on March 20, 2009, and were submitted to both the University of Hawaii and State Dept. of Agriculture. The black thrips extracted from the galled leaves were tentatively identified as K.myopori by both the University of Hawaii and State DOA, and confirmed by G. Watson of the CDFA and S.Nakahara, SEL, ARS, USDA. NEW ISLAND RECORDS: 1. Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (THYSANOPTERA:Thripdae) Adult specimens were collected at Mauna Lani Point, Hawaii Island on May 6, 2009 from damaged young leaves of Myoporum sandwicense. Tentative identification was made by D.Tsuda and confirmed by S.Nakahara, SEL, ARS, USDA on July 7, 2009. 2. Piezodorus hyberni Gmelin (HEMIPTERA:pentatomidae) Nymphs and adults of this stink bug were collected in Shafte Heights,Oahu Island on January 26, 2009 from Alyscarpus vaginalis(Fabaceae). Specimens were identified by T.J. Henry, SEL, ARS, USDA. PARTICIPANTS: Pacific Island Distance Diagnostics and Recommendation System to assist pest ID and with the Western Plant Diagnostics Network. Continued work with Dr. Jonathan Deenik, Associate Specialist, Tropical Plant and Soil Science, U.H., to develop new soil phosphorus critical level in several Hawaiian soils to improve phosphorus recommendation provided by the ADSC. Working with Dr. Russell Yost to improve and upgrade the Fertilizer Advice and Consulting System (FACS) to provide better fertilizer recommendations to ADSC's clientele. TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience are the commercial growers and the homeowners. They need to be educated about the use of fertilizers and how they can be more responsible in helping to protect the environment PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Soil and plant tissue analyses assist growers to use fertilizer more efficiently to help improve productivity as well as help to protect the environment. Coffee growers are gradually adopting a crop logging system to improve their production. ADSC will continuously provide fertilizer recommendations to homeowners to help reduce over-application of fertilizer to help protect our environment. The ADSC continues to work and collaborate with NRCS and CTAHR's researchers to collect data to continuously improve fertilizer recommendations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 11,807 samples, a 28.38% reduction over the previous year (16,487 samples). Samples by service area are:(a)Soil and Water Analyses-4221 (-50.19%),(b)Plant Tissue Analyses-5257 (+8.52%),(c)Feed and Forage Analyses-664 (-26.95%),(d)Insect Identification-197 (+48.12%),(e)Plant Disease Diagnostics-1468 (-29.96%). Registered 92 participants for pesticide use training and distributed 236 training packets. There were no new state records for both insects and plant disease. Participated in the Pacific Island Distance Diagnostics and Recommendation System to assist insect pest ID and also involved in the Western Plant Diagnostics Network. PARTICIPANTS: Continued cooperative work with Dr. Jonathan L. Deenik, Assistant Specialist, Tropical Plant and Soil Science Dept. to develop new, soil phosphorus critical level in several Hawaiian soils. This will improve the phosphorus recommendation provided by the ADSC. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Soil and plant tissue analyses assist growers to use fertilizer more efficiently as well as help to improve production. Fertilizer recommendations to homeowners help to reduce over application which helps to protect the environment. The ADSC continues to work with both the NRCS and CTAHR's researchers to collect data to continuously improve fertilizer recommendations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 16,487 samples, a 1.16% increase over the previous year (16,182 samples). Samples by service area are:(a)Soil and Water Analyses-8475 (-6.54%),(b)Plant Tissue Analyses-4844 (+8.4%),(c)Feed and Forage Analyses-909 (+55.59%),(d)Insect Identification-133 (-52.84%),(e)Plant Disease Diagnostics-2096 (+17.68%). Registered 116 participants for pesticide use training and distributed 326 training packets. NEW ISLAND RECORD for INSECTS:(Last year new state record reported on Big Island (Hawaii)).Invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (THYSANOPTERA:Thripidae) was collected November 6, 2006 by Lynne Constantinides on papaya blossoms at a commercial papaya farm in Waialua, Oahu. Participated in the "Pacific Island Distance Diagnostics and Recommendation System to assist in insect pest ID and also involved in the Western Plant Diagnostics Network.
PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Jonathan L. Deenik, Assistant Specialist, Tropical Plant and Soil Science Dept. worked cooperatively to develop new, soil phosphorus critical levels in several Hawaiian soils. This will improve the phosphorus recommendation provided by the ADSC.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Services are provided for researchers (university and private), extension specialists and agents, other state agencies, homeowners, and the commercial agricultural industry. Information on fertilizer use and crop care is provided through participation as a "plant doctor" at plant sales and other agricultural related events.
Impacts
Soil and plant tissue analyses, which can be used to provide information for crop logging (crop log is a diagnostic tool developed by the sugar industry to monitor crop progress), is being adopted by the macadamia and coffee industry growers. This will help the growers improve the effectiveness of fertilizer application and also help improve crop production. The ADSC (Agricultural Diagnostic Service Center) continues collaborate and work cooperatively with both the NRCS and CTAHR's researchers to collect data to continuously improve fertilizer recommendations.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 16,182 samples, a 2.54% increase over the previous year 15,780 submitted samples. Samples by service area are:(a)Soil and Water Testing-9068 (+34.58%),(b)Plant Tissue Analysis-4468 (-8.76%),(c)Feed and Forage-583 (+23.26%),(d)Insect Identification-282 (-1.74%),(e)Plant Disease Diagnostics-1781 (-47.38%). Registered 108 participants for pesticide use training and distributed 293 training packets. NEW STATE RECORD for INSECTS: An invasive thrips, Thrips parvispinus (Karny)(THYSANOPTERA:Thripidae) were collected by Drs. Sabina Swift and John McHugh on April 4, 2006 ex papaya flowers in Pahoa, Hawaii I. Tentatively recognized as a new Thrips sp. to Hawaii, specimens were forwarded to Steve Nakamura, retired Thysanoptera specialist, SEL, USDA. Participated in the "Pacific Islands Distance Diagnostics and Recommendation System" to assist in insect pest identification. Plant disease clinic is also involved in the Western
Plant Diagnostics Network (WPDN) since August 06.
Impacts
The soil and plant tissue analyses provided by the ADSC assists commercial orchard growers to crop log their crops to improve the effectiveness of fertilizer application and improve crop production. The ADSC continues to work closely with the NRCS and CTAHR's researchers to establish guidelines in interpreting and developing critical soil phosphorus (P) levels for different soils in Hawaii. This will affect the amount of phosphorus that a farmer can apply for each crop.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
In spite of 2 months of no services provided (because of flood damage), analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 15,780 samples, a 3.32% increase over last year. Samples by service area are:(a) Soil and Water Testing-6738(+17.18%), (b) Plant Tissue Analysis-4897(-19.78%), (c) Feed and Forage-473(+20.97%, (d) Insect Identification-287(+7.09%), (e) Disease Diagnostics-3385(+22.68%). Registered 127 participants for pesticide training and distributed 220 training packets. NEW STATE RECORDS for INSECTS: 1. A amored scale, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis Green, HEMIPTERA:Diaspididae. Specimens were collected by Ty McDonald, U.H. CES, from jasmine leaves at Kailua-Kona, Hawaii I. on Dec. 1, 2004. Tentatively identified by D.M. Tsuda and confirmed by Douglass R. Miller, SEL, USDA. 2. Erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, HYMENOPTERA:Eulophidae. Specimens were reared from galled leaves and stems collected by H.C. Kuo on April 19, 2005 from a coral tree,
Erythrina variegata in Manoa, Oahu. Identification was confirmed by John La Salle, CSIRO, Australia. NEW ISLANDS RECORDS: 1. White peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni), HEMIPTERA:Diaspididae. Numerous scales were observed on the trunks, petioles, and leaves of Carica papaya at the Wailua Expt. Station on Kauai, Sept. 9, 2005 by Richard Ebesu. Samples submitted to ADSC for confirmation. 2. Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, HEMIPTERA:Pseudococcidae. All stages of the papaya mealybug were collected from petioles and leaves of young papaya trees at a farm in Laie, BYU, Oahu I. on Sept. 12, 2005 by Julie Coughlin. Specimens were submitted to ADSC for confirmation. NEW STATE RECORD for DISEASE: New rust disease on Metrosideros polymorpha (Ohia) found at a nursery in Waimanalo, Oahu I. in April 2005. The rust was identified as Puccinea psidii, Winter by Dr. S. Zhong, U.H. CTAHR in Nov. 2005.
Impacts
The soil and plant tissue analyses provided by the ADSC assists commercial orchard growers to crop log their crops to improve the effectiveness of fertilizer application and improve crop production. The ADSC is also working closely with the NRCS to establish guidelines in interpreting and developing critical soil phosphorus (P) levels for different soils in Hawaii. This will affect the amount of phosphorus that a farmer can apply for each crop.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 15,272 samples, a 1.60% increase over the previous year. 25,204 analyses, an increase of 8.51%, were performed on the samples submitted. Samples submitted by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing-5750 (-9.35%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-6105 (+3.20%), (c) Feed and Forage-391 (+26.95%), (d) Insect Identification-268 (+2.29%), (e) Disease Diagnostics-2759 (+21.00%). Also registered 118 participants for pesticide application training and distributed 218 training packets. NEW STATE RECORDS for INSECTS: 1. Frankliniella sp. nr crotolariae Mound & Marullo,(THYSANOPTERA:Thripidae) collected by S. Nakahara from Crotolaria sp. flowers at Keaau, Hawaii, HI on Aug. 21, 2003; 2. Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), the pickleworm, (LEPIDOPTERA:Crambidae) collected by Dr. Raju Pandey from green cucumber fruits at Phout Farm in Kunia, Oahu, HI on Nov. 7, 2003, specimens were tentatively identified by D.M. Tsuda and confirmed by
Dr. Alma Solis, USDA, ARS, SEL, Maryland. Subsequent surveys revealed additional damage to zucchini and kabocha squash in the central Oahu area, this moth will become a serious year round pest in Hawaii; 3. Metaleurodicus cardini (Back), Cardin's whitefly, (HEMIPTERA:Aleyrodidae) collected by State Dept. of Agriculture staff on fiddlewood leaves in Hilo, Hawaii, HI on Dec. 19, 2003, identified by Dr. John Dooley, insect identifier for USDA, APHIS; 4. Homalodisca coagulata (Say), the glassywinged sharpshooter, (HEMIPTERA:Cicadellidae) collected on May 3, 2004 by a Pearl City resident on hibiscus (Malvacea) in Waiau, Oahu, HI; tentative identification was made by Bernard Kumashiro, State Dept. of Agriculture, and confirmed by Raymond J. Gill, CDFA (Calif. Dept. of Food and Agric), this large cicadellid is a vector of the bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, that causes disease in various plants, including grapes, citrus, coffee, oleander, and other ornamental plants; 5. Paracoccus marginatus
Williams and Granara de Willinks, the papaya mealybug, (HEMIPTERA:Pseudococcidae) collected in early May 2004 by CES and State Dept. of Agriculture staff from an infested papaya field in the central (Kahului) area of the island of Maui, identified by Gregory Evans, USDA, APHIS, PPQ. NEW ISLAND RECORDS for INSECTS: 1. Aleurodicus dugesii, giant whitefly, found on hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) on Oct. 17, 2003 in Hilo, Hawaii, HI; 2. Minutaleyrodes minutus, ixora whitefly, found on tahitian gardenia (Gardenia taitensis) on Nov. 26, 2003 in Panaewa, Hawaii, HI; 3. Parmarion martensi, semi-slug, found at large on June 30, 2004 in Keaau, Hawaii, HI.
Impacts
The soil, water and plant tissue analyses provided by the ADSC assists commercial growers, homeowners, extension agents and specialists with information for fertilizer recommendation to help improve productivity as well as help to maintain a healthy environment. Insect and disease diagnosis in a timely manner also helps to improve crop productivity of healthy plants. The feed and forage analyses assist the state DOA to monitor imported feeds to assure the livestock industry of the nutritional value of the feed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/02 to 09/30/03
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 15,031 samples, a decrease of 15.98% from last year's 17,889 samples. 23,228 analyses were performed on the submitted samples. Samples by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing-6343 (+19.32%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-5918 (-36.91%), (c) Feed & Forage-308 (-43.90%), (d) Insect Pest-262 (-28.03%), (e) Plant Disease Diag.-2280 (-3.51%). Also registered 126 participants for pesticide application training and distributed 260 training packets. NEW STATE RECORDS for insect: 1. a large false powderpost beetle, Heterobostrychus hamatipennis (Lesne), COLEOPTERA:Bostrychidae, collected May 29, 2003 from a dead mango branch in Kalihi, Oahu. ID'd by Dr. Alan Samuelson, Bishop Museum. A potential pest on newly harvested native trees for lumber production. 2. an unknown platypodid, otherwise known as pinhole borers, COLEOPTERA: Platypodidae, collected from a dying branch cut from a pink shower tree in Kealakekua, Hawaii on
September 9, 2003. This is a second representative of the family Platypodidae established in Hawaii. A potential pest of newly harvested trees for lumber production.
Impacts
The soil, water and plant tissue analyses provided by the ADSC assists commercial growers, homeowners, extension agents and specialists with information for fertilizer recommendation to help improve productivity as well as help to maintain a healthy environment. Insect and disease diagnosis in a timely manner also helps to improve crop productivity of healthy plants. The feed and forage analyses assist the state DOA to monitor imported feeds to assure the livestock industry of the nutritional value of the feed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/02
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 17,889 samples, an increase of 37.48% over last year's 13,102 samples and a 101.63% over FY 00's 8872 samples. Samples by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing-5316 (+64.94%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-9380 (+27.76%),(c) Feed & Forage-549 (-1.26%), (d )Insect Pest-364 (+63.96%), (e) Plant Disease Diag.-2280 (+22.46%). NEW STATE RECORDS for insect: 1. nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta Moore (LEPIDOPTERA:Limacodidae), on rhapis palm from Hilo, HI. 28.ix.2001. ID received from Taiwan and Marc Epstein, Smithsonian Institute.; 2. leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons complex,(HOMOPTERA:Cicadellidae) on watercress from Pearl City, Oahu; 3. pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza prob.obtusa (Malloch) (DIPTERA:Agromyzidae), reared from pupae in mature pods from Manoa Valley, Oahu, submitted by William Cook. NEW ISLAND RECORDS: 1. aroid thrips, Psydrothrips luteolus Nakahara & Tsuda, (THYSANOPTERA:Thripidae) from Puna,
Hawaii I., 23.x.2001, ex potted Syngonium by W. Nishijima; 2. a burrowing bug, Microporus shiromai Froeschner, (HEMIPTERA:Cydnidae) from Kailua, Kona, Hawaii I., 21.xii.2001, ex bermudagrass (Champion), by Wes Kleffner; 3. southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, (HEMIPTERA:Lygaeidae) from Captain Cook, Hawaii I., 23,iv.2002, ex St. Augustinegrass by S. London. No new diseases were reported for the state. ADSC also registered 108 participants for pesticide registration and distributed 262 training packets.
Impacts
The services provided by the ADSC assists commercial growers and homeowners with information for fertilizer recommendation, insect and disease control in a timely manner to help improve productivity and to help maintain a healthy environment. The feed and forage analyses assist the state DOA to monitor imported feeds to assure the livestock industry of the nutritional value of the feed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/00 to 09/30/01
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 13,102 samples, an increase of 47.68% over last year's 8872 samples. The number of samples by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing-7342, (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-3223, (c) Feed and Forage-556, (d) Insect Pest ID-222, (e) Plant Disease Diagnosis-1859. The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 14,774, a decrease of 1.01% from last year. There were no new state record for insects and plant disease. However, a new island record for insect: Blissus insularis Barber, HETEROPTERA:Lygaeidae, HI:Maui, Sprecklesville, 20.ii.01, ex St. Augustinegrass, coll. Claudia Welch. All stages recovered. ADSC also registered 143 participants for pesticide training and 298 training packets were distributed.
Impacts
The services provided by the ADSC assists commercial growers and homeowners with information for fertilizer recommendation, insect and disease control in a timely manner to help improve productivity and to help maintain a healthy environment. The feed and forage analyses assist the state DOA to monitor imported feeds to assure the livestock industry of the nutritional value of the feed.
Publications
- Plant Nutrient Management in Hawaii's Soils-Approaches for Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture: James A. Silva and Raymond S. Uchida, Editors; ISBN 1-929235-08-8; 12/2000
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Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/00
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 8872 samples, a decrease of 11.48% from last year's 10,022 samples. The number of samples and percent change from last year by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing-3309(-.87%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-(-16.06%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses-(-47.44%), (d) Insect Pest ID-(+88.94%), (e) Plant Disease Diagnosis-(+1.59%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 14,927, a decrease of 25.34%. New state record for insects: 1) Pseudaulacaspis sp., an armored scale, HOMOPTERA: Diaspididae, found on protea at the Kula Expt. Sta. on Maui, Hi (awaiting ID from National Museum). 2) Oscinella frit (L), frit fly, DIPTERA: Chloropidae. ID finally confirmed. First recovered from various golf courses on Oahu in 1998. ADSC also registered 135 for pesticide training and 307 training packets were distributed.
Impacts
The services provided by the ADSC assists commercial growers with information for fertilizer recommendation, insect and disease control. ADSC also provides the state DOA with information for regulatory purposes on imported feeds to assure livestock growers with the proper nutrient in their feed.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/98 to 09/30/99
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 10,022 samples, an increase of 11.52% from last year's 8957 samples. The number of samples received and percent change over last year by service area are: (a) Soil and Water Testing- 3338 (+12.66%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses- 4149 (+46.45%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses- 1330 (+40.89%), (d) Insect Pest ID-199(-28.67%), and (e) Plant Disease Diagnosis- 1006(-17.34%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples was 20,078, an increase of 20.35%. New state record for insects: Vittacus bougainvilleae Abou-Awad & El Banhawy,(ACARINA:Eriophyidae). This eriophyid mite found on bougainvillea in Kula, Maui. No new state record on diseases.
Impacts
The ADSC provides diagnostic and analytical services (in soil, plant tissue, water, insect ID, plant disease, and feed and forage), for students, researchers, other state and federal agencies, the agricultural community,and homeowners in Hawaii. By providing these services and producing accurate results in a timely manner, it provides the clientele with information that helps to improve their productivity and help to protect the environment.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/97 to 09/30/98
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 8886 samples, a decrease of 1.57% from last year's 9027 samples. The number of samples received and the percentage change over last year by service area are as follows: (a) Soil and Water Testing - 2963 (+11.52%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses - 2837 (-10.50%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses - 944 (-31.74%), (d) Insect Pest ID - 325 (+16.48%), and (e) Plant Disease Diagnoses - 1817 (+18.06%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 16,688, a decrease of 6.99%. New state records for insects: (1) Aleurotrachelus trachoides (Back)-Homoptera:Aleyrodidae, a whitefly found on chili pepper in Nuuanu, Oahu, (2) Frankliniella cephalica Crawford-Thysanoptera: Thripidae, a flower thrip found in large numbers of flowers on Maui and Oahu, and (3) Hercinothrips bicinctus Bagnall-Thysanoptera:Panchaetothripinae, banana silvering thrips on Alocasia sp. on Oahu. New state record for disease: (1) Potyvirus on palm
found in a palm sample from Kamuela, Hawaii, and (2) Tomato Spotted Wilt virus found on anthurium on Maui.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/96 to 09/30/97
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 9027 samples, an increase of 17.31% from last year's 7625 samples. The number of samples received and the percentage change over last year by service area are as follows: (a) Soil and Water Testing-2657 (+10.43%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-3170 (+13.38%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses-1383 (+35.89%), (d) Insect Pest ID-279 (+27.40%), and (e) Plant Disease Diagnoses-1539 (+22.43%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 17,942, an increase of 40.86%. Significant increase in feed and forage samples continues as more clients become aware of our services. New state records for insects: (1) Pseudaulacaspis pentagona,Targioni- Tozzeti, Homoptera: Diaspididae, white peach scale, found on Carica papaya in Hakalau, Hawaii and (2) Chaetanaphothrips signipennis Bagnall, banana rust thrips, found on green bananas at Keaau, Hawaii. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) found on Kauai island and found spreading to
the westside of Hawaii island.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/94 to 09/30/95
Outputs
Analytical services were performed on 7,031 samples, a decrease of 46.71 % from last year's 13,194 samples. The number of samples received and the percentage change over last year by service area are as follows: (a) Soil and Water Testing-2642 (- 60.6%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-2374 (-48.3%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses-629 (+ 47.0%), (d) Insect Pest ID- 211-(-0.9%), (e) Plant Disease Diagnoses-1175 (-0.6%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 13,379, a decrease of 17.5%. The major decrease in samples were in soil and tissue samples submitted by researchers. Feed and forage samples increased with the renewal of the regulatory program on feed samples from the DOA. The taro root aphid on dryland taro, Patchiella reaumuri, was found on Oahu. A new powdery mildew fungal disease, caused by Leveillula taurica, was reported in the State and has been found on Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii. Another powdery mildew has been found of star fruit,
Averrhoa carambola, but it has not yet been identified. Banana Bunchy Top virus has been found in Kona on the Big Island.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/93 to 09/30/94
Outputs
Analytical services were performed on 13,194 samples, an increase of 41.8% over last year#s 9,303 samples. The number of samples received and the percentage change over last year by service area are as follows: (a) Soil and Water Testing-- 6,709 (+192.7%), (b) Plant Tissue Analyses-- 4,592 (+10.6%), (c) Feed and Forage Analyses--428 (+32.9%), (d) Insect Pest ID--213 (-38.6%), (e) Plant Disease Diagnoses--1,252 (- 42.9%). The total number of analyses performed on these samples were 15,822, an increase of 50.4%. The major increase in samples were in soil samples that were submitted by researchers. A whitefly, Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) was recovered from night jasmine on Oahu. A spider mite, Oligonychus milleri (McGregor), was found damaging Monterey pines in Kula, Maui. The banana moth, Opogona saccari (Bojer), reported last year was found on papaya, which is a new host record of commercial importance. Plant disease samples in 1993 were high due to the Benlate
related samples.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/92 to 09/30/93
Outputs
Analytical services (10,519) were performed on 9,303 samples, a sample increase of 3.3% over the previous year. The number of analyses performed and percentage change over the previous year by service are as follows: 1) 2,292 soil testing (+6.7%); 2) 4,151 plant tissue analyses (+2.2%); 3) 322 feed and forage analyses (+9.2%); 4) 2,191 plant disease diagnoses (+1.5%); 5) 347 insect pest identification (+4.8%). The anthurium whitefly, Aleurotulus anthuricola Nakahara was recovered on Maui, for a new island record. The banana moth, Opogona sacchari (Bojer) was found damaging potted bromeliads (new host record) at a commercial nursery on Maui.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/91 to 09/30/92
Outputs
Analytical services were performed on 9,063 samples, an increase of 21% over theprevious year. This large increase resulted from greater submittals of samples for soil and plant tissue analyses by researchers and for plant disease and insect damage by commercial growers on suspected Benlate damaged plants. The number of samples received and percentage change over the previous year by service are as follows: 1) 2,148 soil testing (+16%); 2) 4,070 plant tissue analyses (+31%); 3) 295 Feed and Forage analyses (-137%); 4) 2,159 plant disease diagnosis (+50%); 5) 331 insect pest identification (+18%). New state pests recovered from submitted samples included: 1) Aleurotrachelus sp. an undescribed whitefly infesting Ape leaves (Alocasia sp.); 2) Rhizoecus sp., an undescribed root mealybug infesting sunturf (bermuda grass); and 3) Pagria signata (Mots), a chlysomelid beetle attacking soybeans. New host records include: 1) Oligonychus biharensis, a mite feeding on avocado
leaves; and 2) cinara fresai, an aphid feeding on Italian Cypress. An entomopathogenic fungi (Paecilomyces sp.) recovered from infected sweet potato whiteflies off commercially grown tomato plants is showing promising results in current pathogenicity trials.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/90 to 09/30/91
Outputs
The number of specimens submitted for analytical and diagnostic services totalled 7,459, representing a 23% increase over the previous years' total. The sample load which increased in all service areas was distributed as follows: 1) 1,858 soil testing; 2) 3,109 plant tissue analyses; 3) 1,451 plant disease diagnosis; 4) 700 feed and forage analyses; and 5) 331 insect pest identification. Sixty percent of the samples were submitted by researchers and cooperative extension personnel, and 33% and 7%, respectively, were from commercial producers and the general public. In addition, telephone inquiries into plant disease problems totalled 550 and those into insect pest problems totalled 1,192. The most significant change in sample submittal by clientele was obtained in soil testing where researcher samples increased by 33% because of our adoption of additional and more precise techniques over those used in the past. Four new state insect pests were identified from samples
submitted: 1) Frankliniella brateleyi Watson (tuberose thrips); 2) Trisetacus ehmanni K. (pine needle mite); 3) Eriophyes guerreronis (Keifer) (coconut flower mite); and 4) Psydothrips sp. (diffenbachia thrips). A newly introduced rust fungus on plumeria leaves was also first identified from one of the submittals.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 10/01/89 to 09/30/90
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 6,040 specimens. The total number of specimens submitted decreased from the previous year by 13% and overall by 48% following the startup of our service charges in 1986. As found in previous years, the 1,751 soil and 2,854 plant tissue samples accounted for at least 75% of all specimens submitted. The majority of clientele requesting soil testing were commercial growers (49%) and the general public (30%), whereas CTAHR researchers and extension personnel were the major users of the tissue testing services (72%). Plant Disease specimens totalled 887, representing 15% of the total. The majority of diseased specimens were submitted by commercial growers (80%). The Feed and Forage testing and Insect Identification labs received the fewest number of samples of the years total with submittals totalling 323 (5%) and 225 (4%), respectively. Interestingly, these were the only services with increased submittals over those of
the previous year. Three new immigrant pests were identified from samples submitted through the ADSC. New state records included: 1) Blissus insularis Barber (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), southern chinch bug; 2) Eriophyes hibisci Nal (Acarina:Eriophyidae), hibiscus erineum mite; 3) Pemphigus sp. (Homoptera:Aphididae), undetermined aphid feeding on roots of watercress.
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Progress 10/01/88 to 09/30/89
Outputs
The number of specimens submitted for analytical and diagnostic services totalled 6,824, representing a 6% decrease over the number submitted during the previous year. The numbers and percentage chages of samples by services were as follows: 3,230 for tissue analysis (+20%); 1,891 for soil testing (-21%); 307 for feed and forage analysis (-61%); 1,103 for plant disease diagnosis (-9%); and 213 for insect identification (+15%). The percentage distribution of the samples by clientele were: 50% by researchers, 41% by commercial producers, and 9% by the general public. The greatest number of submittals by researchers were for plant tissue analysis (78%), while soil test (34%) and plant disease (35%) samples accounted for the majority of material from commercial enterprises. Most of the samples from general public were for soil testing (77%). Four new insect pests to Hawaii were detected and identified. Of these, two which pose serious threats to our crops are the hibiscus
thrips and the yellow sugarcane aphid. We have taken over the testing of commercial feeds for the Hawaii Department of Agriculture. All incoming animal feeds will analyzed and checked for levels of proximates, minerals, and drugs against labeled concentrations.
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Progress 10/01/87 to 09/30/88
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 7,242 specimens. This represents a 37% decrease in samples over those submitted last year. Tissue analysis samples totalling 2,655 showed the greatest decrease of 63%. Soil, media, and nutrient solution samples totalling 2,393 were second with a 39% decrease and insect pest specimens was third with 185 samples, equal to an 8% decrease. On the other hand, the feed and forage samples totalling 792 increased by 10% and the 1,217 plant disease samples increased by 13%. In spite of the decreased submittals, the revenue collected from the services equalled to those of last year. This was the result of an increase in the number of analyses per sample, especially those for plant tissue and soil analyses. The analyses of total sulfur in plant tissue samples by X-ray Fluorescence has been replaced by automated turbidimetric techniques on acid digests. Nitrogen analyses for crude protein determination in feed and forage testing
has been converted from macro-kjeldahl procedures to those employing micro-kjeldahl digestion and automated colorimetric analyses of ammoniacal nitrogen. We can now determine total nitrogen contents of all agricultural material submitted using the same instrument.
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Progress 10/01/86 to 09/30/87
Outputs
The number of specimens submitted for analytical and diagnostic services totalled 11,492, representing a 48% decrease over the previous year's number. The drop in samples is attributed solely to the implementation of service fees. The breakdown in sample numbers by services are as follows: 6,121 plant tissues for elemental analyses; 3,374 soil, media, and nutrient solution for pH, salinity, and nutrient analyses; 1,075 specimens for plant disease diagnoses; 720 feeds and forage material for proximate and mineral analyses; and 202 specimen for insect identifications. The soil and tissue testing services increased its analytical capabilities by including the following tests: potassium chloride extractable soil aluminum; hot water soluble soil boron; organic carbon content; Kjeldahl nitrogen contents of soils; and nitrite and nitrate nitrogen analyses of water, nutrient solutions, and soil extracts.
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Progress 10/01/85 to 09/30/86
Outputs
Specimens submitted for analyses totaled 22,276. The numbers process by the individual units are as follows: 1) 11,047 plant samples for elemental analyses; 6,181 soil, soil-less media, nutrient solutions and irrigation water for pH, salinity, and nutrient analyses; 3,990 speciments for identification of plant pathogens; 558 feeds and forages for proximate and mineral analyses; and 500 specimens for insect identification. Analytical service fees were implemented in July. A database with files on clientele information, sample submission, and analytical records was established. Interfacing of all analytical instruments with the system processor is being investigated in order to route data directly into the database. A water saturation extract procedure replaced the acid extraction and RCM method for analyzing soil-less horticultural media. Testing of alternate soil analyses procedures to the RCM procedure is in progress. The analytical procedures which have been
adapted to Automated Continuous Flow Analyzers include: colorimetric analysis of phosphorus in dilute sulfuric acid extracts; flame spectrophotometric analyses of potassium and calcium in ammonium acetate extracts; and colorimetric analyses of magnesium in ammonium acetate extracts.
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Progress 01/01/85 to 09/30/85
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on 15,426 specimens submitted by commercial growers, researchers, and general public. Breakdown of these totals by individual services are as follows: 1) 520 insect specimens were submitted for identification and recommendations for control. In addition, diagnosis through telephone inquiries totalled 657; 2) 1,875 specimens were received for plant disease diagnosis and control; 3) 480 feed and forage samples were processed for mineral and proximate analyses; 4) 4,435 soil, water, and horticultural media were processed for available nutrients, pH, and electrical conductivity, and; 5) 8,096 plant samples were submitted for elemental analyses. Three new analytical instruments are currently undergoing testing and calibrations before being put to use for routine analyses in 1986. A four channel continuous flow analyzer will be dedicated to analyze available phosphorous, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in soil and media
extracts. An Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) will replace the X-ray Fluorescence Quantometer to analyze plant specimens. An Atomic Absorption Spectrometer will be used to analyze mineral nutrients in mixed feeds, rations, and fertilizer.
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Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were performed on a total of 27,658 samples for Hawaii's agricultural community. The services numbers of specimens processed and percentage breakdown by clientele are as follows: 1) Insect pest diagnoses and recommendations totaled 1085, 52% commerical growers and 48% general public; 2) Plant disease identification and recommendations were completed on 4612 samples, 90% commerical growers and 10% general public; 3) Proximate and mineral analyses were performed on 1376 feeds and forages, 60% commericial client and 40% college researchers; 4) Analyses for extractable nutrients, pH and electrical conductivity with recommendations numbered 6800 including soils, water and media, 50% general public, 45% commerical growers and 5% college researchers; 5) Plant tissue samples for elemental analyses totaled 13,785, 28% commerical growers and 72% college researchers.
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Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were completed on 29,292 samples. Breakdown of samples by services are as follows: (1) Soil, media and water samples processed for analysis and recommendations by the Soil Testing Service in Agronomy and Soils totalled 6,500, 50% of these were from the general public, 45% from commercial growers and ranchers and 5% from researchers; (2) The Tissue Testing Service in Agronomy and Soils provided completed elemental analysis on 15,600 samples, 30% from commercial growers and ranchers, 60% from UH researchers and 10% from other government agencies; (3) the Plant Disease Clinic in Plant Pathology made diagnosis and recommendations on 5,352 samples, 85% from commercial growers and 15% from the general public; (4) The Insect Diagnostic Clinic in Entomology completed diagnosis on 882 submitted specimens and recorded 774 diagnosis by telephone (5) The Feed and Forage Analysis Program in Animal Science processed 958 samples for analysis and
interpretations. Delivery of the bulk of commercial grower samples from the outer islands were made through weekly air freight runs. The centralized receipt to these materials on pre-set days has helped us process the samples more efficiently, with fewer losses and with faster turn-around times.
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Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82
Outputs
Analytical and diagnostic services were completed on 27,700 samples. The numberof samples processed by programs within departments are as follows: Soil and water testing (5,800) and plant tissue analysis (16,650) in Agronomy and Soils; Feed and forage analysis (750) in Animal Sciences; Insect identification and control (500) in Entomology; and Plant disease identification and control (4,000) in Plant Pathology. The feed and forage testing program has initiated a search for automated analytical methods to reduce turn-around time and analytical costs on their samples. A semi-automated detergent fiber analyzer has been recommended for its use. Based on the present sample load, this method is the most cost effective and best suited for future developments.
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Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81
Outputs
The following departments contributed to the processing of samples: Agronomy and Soils (soil and water testing) 7,417, (tissue analysis) 18,627; Animal Science (feed analysis) 772; Entomology (insects) 300; Plant Pathology (plant disease) 3,061. Total number of samples processed was 30,177. We handled 369 special shipments of 2,451 specimens sent air freight from Kauai, Maui, Molokai and Hawaii. Soil and tissue analysis have provided clients with data which permits preplanting adjustments, addition of mineral amendments and in some cases changes in crop selection for the area represented by the samples. All team members contribute in their respective areas of expertise to research studies and data interpretation for faculty and graduate student projects.
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Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80
Outputs
The following Departments contributed to the processing of samples: Agronomy and Soils (soil testing) 5,127, (tissue analysis) 18,468; Animal Science (feed analysis) 400; Entomology (insects) 700; Plant Pathology (plant diseases) 3,003. Numbers of samples proceeded 27,698. This represents a 36% increase over the previous year. We handled 92 special shipments of specimens sent air freight from outer islands. Soil and tissue analysis have provided clients with data which allows preplanting field adjustments, addition of mineral amendments and in some cases actual change in crop selected for the area represented by the samples. Identification of plant diseases and insects allows that corrective action can be taken with the proper pesticide. Improving crop management by eliminating crop residues immediately after last harvest reduces disease incidence of the following crop. All contribute to research studies and interpretation of data of faculty and graduate students
by adding precise information in our respective areas of expertise.
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Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79
Outputs
Project 740 has a working staff of 4 faculty representing 3 departments: Agronomy and Soil Science, Animal Science, and Plant Pathology. We do not have the services of an Entomology representative; however, it is on an as-needed basis rather than a formal assignment to this project. Several subject matter specialists in plant pathology and entomology contribute to identification of pathogens and pests. This faculty groups has accomplished much within the organizational constraints of the current working setup. The total of 22,053 specimens for 1979 reflects a sizeable contribution to all clients who utilize the service expertise of the A.T.S.C. faculty. Breakdown of specimens are as follows: Agronomy and Soils (soil testings) 4,227 Agronomy and Soils (tissue analysis) 14,179 Animal Science (feed analysis) 513 Entomology (insects) 1,000 Plant Pathology (diseases) 2,134 22,053 Institution of an air-delivery service from the outer-islands has greatly facilitated a
quicker turnaround time in handling.
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Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76
Outputs
Mechanism for an Agricultural Service Center has been established and a fee schedule for processing of samples has been proposed, subject to public hearings. A central location to coordinate all incoming samples has been designated.
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