DEVELOPMENT OF NEW POTATO CULTIVARS FOR COLORADO VIA GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT AND EVALUATION

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: TERMINATED
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 0068773
• Project No.: COL00712
• Project Start Date: Jul 1, 2011
• Project End Date: Jun 30, 2016

Project Director
Holm, DA, .

Recipient Organization
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
FORT COLLINS,CO 80523

Performing Department
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

Non Technical Summary
Many challenges and opportunities are confronting the Colorado potato industry. These challenges/opportunities include new diseases pressures, food safety, water quality/supply, current market constraints, new market development (processing, exporting, etc.), changing consumer expectations, and increasing costs with highly variable potato prices. To help meet these challenges, continued emphasis needs to be placed on developing new potato cultivars with economically important characteristics. Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado and the United States will remain productive and in a competitive position.

Animal Health Component

0%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

30%

Applied

70%

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
203	1310	1081	30%
204	1310	1081	30%
212	1310	1081	30%
502	1310	1081	10%

Knowledge Area
502 - New and Improved Food Products; 204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;

Keywords

potato

breeding

selection

disease resistance

nutritional quality

health attributes

anthocyanins

carotenoids

vitamin c

environmental stress

export potential

resistant starch

sensory evaluation

cold-induced sweetening

Goals / Objectives
1. To develop new potato cultivars with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional and health characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses. 2. To collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research/extension personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program. 3. To provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing. 4. To evaluate promising selections for possible export (interstate and international).

Project Methods
1. Parental material from diverse sources with characteristics of importance such as disease resistance and improved nutritional quality will be identified. Crosses will be made in the greenhouse among selected parental clones to produce segregating populations. True seed obtained from crosses will be grown in the greenhouse. Seedling tubers will be produced from the true seed and in addition to several thousand obtained from other breeding programs, will be planted in the field for subsequent selection and evaluated for visual agronomic traits. 2. Superior progeny will undergo additional evaluation in subsequent years. 3. Once advanced selections with desirable characteristics are identified, limited generation seed stocks will be developed and made available to growers for evaluation and further seed increase prior to official release and naming. 5. Export potential will be determined through evaluation in out-of-state and international trials where appropriate.

Progress 07/01/11 to 06/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. We also provide student internships to secondary and undergraduate students. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings and forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provide primary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally field days/open houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1: Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 40% of the 10,938 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2016. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Impact Statement 2: Colorado State University releases accounted for 32% of the estimated 50,900 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2016. Primary Colorado cultivars planted were Canela Russet (12%), Russet Norkotah-S3 (9%), Russet Norkotah-S8 (4%), Rio Grande Russet (4%), and Centennial Russet (3%). Impact Statement 3: Five of the top 20 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Canela Russet (#6), Silverton Russet (#8), Centennial Russet (#11), Rio Grande Russet (#214), Mesa Russet (#16)] in 2016 were developed by the Colorado program. Twenty-two percent of the Russet Norkotah acreage (including line selections) was attributed to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. For reds, Sangre and Colorado Rose ranked #6 and #8 respectively. For chippers, Chipeta ranked #8. For colored-fleshed specialties, Purple Majesty and Mountain Rose ranked #1 for purple- and red-fleshed cultivars respectively. Accomplishments: The accomplishments reported below reflect the interval of 2011-2016. The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program intercrossed a total of 493 parental clones in 10 separate crossing blocks. Seed from 2,242 crosses was obtained. Approximately 246,577 first-size seedling tubers were produced from 985 selected greenhouse crosses. These seedlings represented crosses segregating primarily for russets, yellows, reds, chippers, and specialty types (primarily fingerlings and colored-flesh), and resistance to Verticillium wilt, late blight, PVY, corky ringspot, and nematodes. Second through fourth size seedling tubers have and will be distributed to the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, Idaho), North Dakota State University, University of Maine, Oregon State University, Texas A&M University, and Agriculture Canada. Colorado grew 433,837 first-year seedlings which represented 2,143 families with 3,228 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, Idaho), Agriculture Canada, Texas A&M University, North Dakota State University, and the University of Maine. Field trials conducted each year included: Preliminary Trial, Intermediate Yield Trial, Intermediate Specialty Yield Trial, Advanced Yield Trial, Southwestern Regional Russet Trial, Southwestern Regional Red Trial, Southwestern Regional Chip Trial, Western Regional Russet Trial, Western Regional Red Trial, Western Regional Specialty Trial, Western Regional Chipping Trial, and the San Luis Valley Chipping Trial. All trials are grown under "low input" conditions, primarily for reduced nitrogen and fungicide. Each year samples of more advanced selection were evaluated for two or more of the following postharvest characteristics: blackspot susceptibility, storage weight loss, dormancy, enzymatic browning, specific gravity, french fry color, french fry texture, chip color, and red color retention. Several advanced selections were evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by potato growers, included were russets, reds, chippers, and specialties. Several other advanced selections are under evaluation for potential exclusive release. Advanced selections that were named are Masquerade (AC99329-7PW/Y), Crestone Russet (CO99053-3RU), Mercury Russet (CO99100-1RU), AC99330-1P/Y, Red Luna (CO97233-3R/Y), and Fortress Russet (AC99375-1RU). Certificates of Plant Variety Protection were issued for Mesa Russet, Crestone Russet, Masquerade, Mercury Russet, AC99330-1P/Y, Red Luna, and Fortress Russet. An application for Plant Variety Protection was submitted for Crimson King (CO97222-1R/R), a red-skinned, red-fleshed selection.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Jansky, S. H., Charkowski, A. O., Douches, D. S., Gusmini, G., Richael, C., Bethke, P. C., Spooner, D. M., Novy, R. G, DeJong, H., DeJong, W. S., Bamberg, J. B., Thompson, A. L., Bizimungu, B., Holm, D. G., Brown, C. R., Haynes, K. G., Sathuvalli, V. R., Veilleux, R. E., Miller, J. C., Jr., Bradeem, J. M., and Jiang, J. M. 2016. Reinventing potato as a diploid inbred line-based crop. Crop Science. 56:1412-1422.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bough, R. A., Holm, D. G., Jayanty, S. S. 2016. Flavor profiling of potato clones using HS-SPME/GCMS and sensory analysis to establish a germplasm screening method for flavor improvement. Am. J. Potato Res. 93:123. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Chaparro, J., Holm, D. G., Broeckling, C. D., Prenni, J. E., Heuberger, A. L. 2016. Application of non-targeted metabolomics to cooked and raw potato tuber: implications to breeding for health traits. Am. J. Potato Res. 93:126. Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wang, Y., Bethke, P. C., Bussan, A. J., Glynn, M. T., Holm, D. G., Navarro, F. M. Novy, R. G., Palta, J. P., Pavek, M. J., Porter, G. A., Sathuvalli, V. R., Thompson, A. L. Voglewede, P. J., Whitworth, J. L., Parish, D. I., Endelman, J. B. 2015. Acrylamide-forming potential and agronomic properties of elite us potato germplasm from the national fry processing trial. Crop Sci. 56:30-39.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Thompson, A. L, Douches, D., Endelman, J. B., Bethke, P. C., Haynes, K., Holm, D. G., DeJong, W., Miller, J. C., Jr., Novy, R. G., Porter, G., Sathuvalli, V. R., and Yencho, C. 2016. Successes in traditional breeding programs. Am. J. Potato Res. 93:144. (Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2016 Citation: Endelman, J. B., Schmitz, C. A., Douches, D. S., Coombs, J. J. Coombs, Bizimngu, B., DeJong, W. S., Haynes, K. G., Holm, D. G., Miller, J. C., Jr., Navarro, F. M., Novy, R. G., Palta, J. P., Porter, G. A., Sathuvalli, V. R., Thompson, A. L., and Yencho, G. C. 2016. Pedigree reconstruction with genome-wide markers in potato. Amer. J. Potato Res. 93: (Under Review).

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are growers, shippers, processors, researchers, extension personel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings and forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provide primary forums for national stakehold interaction. Additionally field days/open houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1: Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 32% of the 9,357 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2015. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Impact Statement 2: Colorado State University releases accounted for 42% of the 52,800 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2015. Primary Colorado cultivars planted were Russet Norkotah-S3 (13%), Canela Russet (10%), Russet Norkotah-S8 (10%), Centennial Russet (5%), and Rio Grande Russet (2%). Impact Statement 3: Six of the top 20 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Russet Norkotah-S3 (#7), Canela Russet (#11), Silverton Russet (#13), Centennial Russet (#14), Russet Norkotah-S8 (#15), Rio Grande Russet (#20)] in 2015 were developed by the Colorado program. For chippers, Chipeta ranked #10. For colored-fleshed specialties, Purple Majesty and Mountain Rose ranked #1 and #2 for red- and purple-fleshed cultivars respectively. Accomplishments: The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program intercrossed 93 parental clones in 2015 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was russet and red cultivar development and general disease resistance, primarily PVY resistance. The second crossing block emphasized russet and yellow flesh cultivar development, and resistance to PVY and nematodes. Seed from 549 combinations was obtained. A subset of these crosses will be planted in the greenhouse in 2016 to produce seedling tubers. Approximately 35,579 first-size seedling tubers representing 168 families were produced from 2014 greenhouse crosses for initial field selection in 2016. These seedlings represented crosses segregating primarily for russets, yellows, reds, specialty types, and resistance to late blight, PVY, corky ringspot, and nematodes. Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Maine, Oregon, Texas, and Alberta, Canada (Agriculture Canada). Colorado grew 86,349 first-year seedlings representing 456 families in 2015, with 742 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, Idaho), Agriculture Canada, Texas A&M University, North Dakota State University, and the University of Maine. Another 865 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 242 were saved for further increase and evaluation in 2016. Sixty-two advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2016 pending further evaluation. Another 271 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, and other experimental purposes including seed increase/maintenance. Field trials conducted in 2015 included: Preliminary Trial, Intermediate Yield Trial, Intermediate Specialty Yield Trial, Advanced Yield Trial, Southwestern Regional Russet Trial, Southwestern Regional Red Trial, Southwestern Regional Specialty Trial, Western Regional Russet/Processing Trial, Western Regional Red Trial, Western Regional Specialty Trial, San Luis Valley Chipping Trial, and Western Regional Chipping Trial. All trials are grown under "low input" conditions, primarily for reduced nitrogen and fungicide. A total of 170 samples are in the process of being evaluated for two or more of the following postharvest characteristics: blackspot susceptibility, storage weight loss, dormancy, enzymatic browning, specific gravity, french fry color, french fry texture, and chip color. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by potato growers in 2015, included 9 russets (AC00395-2RU, AC05039-2RU, CO03276-5RU, CO05068-1RU, CO05110-6RU, CO05175-1RU, CO06057-3RU, CO07015-4RU, and CO07049-1RU), 1 red (CO07102-1R), 11 chippers (AC00206-2W, AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, AC03452-2W, AC05153-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, CO03243-3W, CO07070-10W, and CO07070-13W), and 10 specialties (AC05175-3P/Y, CO04021-2R/Y, CO04056-3P/PW, CO04067-8R/Y, CO04099-3W/Y, CO05035-1PW/Y, CO05037-2R/Y, CO05037-3W/Y, CO07131-1W/Y, and CO07370-1W/Y). The Plant Variety Protection Office recently completed reviewing the applications and will be issuing certificates of plant variety protection for AC99330-1P/Y, Red Luna (CO97233-3R/Y), and Fortress Russet (AC99375-1RU). A Plant Variety Protection application is in preparation for CO97222-1R/R, a red-skinned, red-fleshed selection.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wang, Y., Bethke, P. C., Bussan, A. J., Glynn, M. T., Holm, D. G., Navarro, F. M. Novy, R. G., Palta, J. P., Pavek, M. J., Porter, G. A., Sathuvalli, V. R., Thompson, A. L., Voglewede, P. J., Whitworth, J. L., Parish, D. I., Endelman, J. B. 2015. Acrylamide-forming potential and agronomic properties of elite us potato germplasm from the national fry processing trial. Crop Sci. 56:30-39.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Barnett, B. A., Holm, D. G., Koym, J. W., Wilson, R. G., and Manter, D. K. 2015. Site and clone effects on the potato root-associated core microbiome and its relationship to tuber yield and nutrients. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:1-9.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C. and Holm, D. G. 2015. Timing of nitrogen fertilizer application for increased N use efficiency in potato production of new russets from Colorado State University. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:187. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gray, C. P., Holm, D. G., Essah, S. Y. C., Jayanty, S. S., and Davidson, R. D. 2015. Crestone Russet and Mercury Russet: Two new russet cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:190. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C. P., Essah, S. Y. C., Jayanty, S. S., and Davidson, R. D. 2015. Masquerade, Midnight Moon, and Red Luna: Three new specialty potato cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:192. (Abstract).
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2015. 2014 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 100pp. (Unpub).
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2015 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Zavislan, K. 2015. 2015 Open House and Advanced Selection Evaluation Meeting: Colorado advanced potato selections data summary. 43pp. (Unpub).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Kammlade, S. M., Holm, D. G., Essah, S. Y. C., and Stromberger. 2015. The influence of agromanagement on potato mineral nutrients. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:194. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Markham, L., Reddivari, L., Ursell, L. K., Holm, D., Ziegler, G., Knight, R., Vanamala, J. 2015. Potatoes cant take the heat: Effects of cultivar and processing on global metabolite/nutritional profiles. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:175. (Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Miller, J. C., Jr, Scheuring, D. C., Koym, J. W., Holm, D. G. Holm, Pavek, J. J., Novy, R. G., Whitworth, J. L., Stark, J. C., Charton, B. A., Yilma, S., Knowles, N. R. Knowles, Pavek, M. J. Pavek, Nunez, J. J., Shock, C. C., Brown, C. R. 2015. ATTX961014-1R/Y a.k.a. Sierra RoseTM: A red-skin, yellow-flesh potato cultivar for the specialty/gourmet market. Am. J. Potato Res. 92:491-496.

Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are growers, shippers, processors, researchers, extension personel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing Trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provideprimary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally field days/open houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1 - Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 34% of the 10,964 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2014. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Impact Statement 2 - Colorado State University releases accounted for 51% of the 54,200 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2014. Primary Colorado cultivars planted were Russet Norkotah-S3 (24%), Canela Russet (10%), Russet Norkotah-S8 (7%),Rio Grande Russet (6%), and Centennial Russet (4%). Impact Statement 3 - Six of the top 20 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Russet Norkotah-S3 (#7), Canela Russet (#11), Silverton Russet (#13), Centennial Russet (#14), Russet Norkotah-S8 (#15), Rio Grande Russet (#20)] in 2014 were developed by the Colorado program. For reds, Colorado Rose ranked #8. For chippers, Chipeta ranked #7. For colored-fleshed specialties, Purple Majesty and Mountain Rose ranked #1 and #2 among purple- and red-fleshed cultivars respectively. Accomplishments - The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program intercrossed 98 parental clones in 2014 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was russet and red cultivar development and general disease resistance resistance. The second crossing block emphasized russet and yellow flesh cultivar development and disease resistance, mostly PVY resistance. Seed from 480 combinations was obtained. Approximately 39,308 first-size seedling tubers representing 166 families were produced from 2012 greenhouse crosses for initial field selection in 2015. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, specialty types, and resistance to late blight, PVY, corky ringspot, and nematodes. Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Maine, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada (Agriculture Canada). Colorado grew 87,922 first-year seedlings representing 388 families in 2014, with 684 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, Idaho), Agriculture Canada, Texas A&M University, and the University of Maine. Another 702 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 191 were saved for further increase and evaluation. Seventy-two advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2015 pending further evaluation. Another 230 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, and other experimental purposes including seed increase/maintenance. Field trials conducted in 2013 included: Preliminary Trial, Intermediate Yield Trial, Intermediate Specialty Yield Trial, Advanced Yield Trial, Southwestern Regional Russet Trial, Southwestern Specialty Trial, Western Regional Russet/Processing Trial, Western Regional Red Trial, Western Regional Specialty Trial, San Luis Valley Chipping Trial, and Western Regional Chipping Trial. All trials are grown under "low input" conditions, primarily for reduced nitrogen and fungicide. A total of 163 samples are in the process of being evaluated for two or more of the following postharvest characteristics: blackspot susceptibility, storage weight loss, dormancy, enzymatic browning, specific gravity, french fry color, french fry texture, and chip color. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by potato growers in 2014, included 7 russets (AC00395-2RU, AC05039-2RU, CO03276-5RU, CO05068-1RU, CO05110-6RU, CO05175-1RU, and CO06057-3RU), 1 red (CO05228-4R), 9 chippers (AC00206-2W, AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, AC03452-2W, AC05153-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, and CO03243-3W), and 11 specialties (AC05175-3P/Y, CO04056-3P/PW, CO04063-4R/R, CO04067-8R/Y, CO04099-3W/Y, CO05035-1PW/Y, CO05028-4P/PY, CO05028-11P/RWP, CO05037-2R/Y,CO05037-3W/Y, and CO05079-4P/PW). Plant Variety Protection was granted for Masquerade (AC99329-7PW/Y), Crestone Russet (CO99053-3RU), and Mercury Russet (CO99100-1RU). Applications are in process for Midnight Moon (AC99330-1P/Y), Red Luna (CO97233-3R/Y), Fortress Russet (AC99375-1RU), Crimson King (CO97222-1R/R) and Crimson Queen (CO97226-2R/R). Several additional selections that have been discontinued from grower evaluations are available for exclusive release. Included are russets, reds, chippers, and specialties.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Amer, Fauzi S., Reddivari, L., Madiwale, Gaurav P., Stone, Martha, Holm, David G. and Vanamala, Jairam. 2014. Effect of genotype and storage on glycoalkaloid and acrylamide content and sensory attributes of potato chips. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:632-641.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2014. 2013 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 110pp. (unpub)
• Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: http://potatoes.colostate.edu/
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Crestone Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp. sheet. Spud Items. January, 2013.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Fortress Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp.
• Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Mercury Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Perla, Venu, Jayanty, Sastry S., Holm, David G. and Davidson, Robert D. 2014. The role of lipoxygenase and patatin-lipase in powdery scab disease tolerance in potato tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:62. (Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Perla, Venu, Jayanty, Sastry S., Holm, David G. and Davidson, Robert D. 2014. Relationship between tuber storage proteins and tuber powdery scab resistance in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:233-245.

Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are growers, shippers, processors, researchers, extension personel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing Trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, Potato Association of America provide a primary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally field days/open houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1 - Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 38% of the 9,722 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2013. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Impact Statement 2 - Colorado State University releases accounted for 58% of the 49,700 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2013. Primary Colorado cultivars planted were Russet Norkotah-S3 (29%), Canela Russet (10%), Russet Norkotah-S8 (10%),Rio Grande Russet (5%), and Centennial Russet (3%). Impact Statement 3 - Three of the top 10 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Russet Norkotah-S3 (#5), Canela Russet (#8), Rio Grande Russet (#10), in 2012 were developed by the Colorado program. For reds, Sangre-S11 ranked #5. For colored-fleshed specialties, Mountain Rose and Purple Majesty both continue to be ranked #1 among red- and purple-fleshed cultivars. Accomplishments- The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program intercrossed 98 parental clones in 2013 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was russet and yellow flesh cultivar development and PVY resistance. The second crossing block emphasized russet and specialty cultivar development and disease resistance, mostly PVY resistance. Seed from 431 combinations was obtained. Approximately 33,903 first-size seedling tubers representing 154 families were produced from 2012 greenhouse crosses for initial field selection in 2014, there are still 52 families yet to be harvested. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, specialty types, and resistance to late blight, PVY, corky ringspot, and nematodes. Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Maine, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada (Agriculture Canada). Colorado grew 88,037 first-year seedlings representing 362 families in 2013, with 536 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS (Aberdeen, Idaho), Agriculture Canada, Texas A&M University, and University of Maine. Another 973 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 196 were saved for further increase and evaluation. Eighty-seven advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2014 pending further evaluation. Another 290 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, and other experimental purposes including seed increase/maintenance. Field trials conducted in 2013 included: Preliminary Trial, Intermediate Yield Trial, Intermediate Specialty Yield Trial, Advanced Yield Trial, Southwestern Regional Russet Trial, Southwestern Regional Red Trial, Southwestern Regional Chip Trial, Southwestern Specialty Trial, Western Regional Russet/Processing Trial, Western Regional Red Trial, Western Regional Specialty Trial, San Luis Valley Chipping Trial, and Western Regional Chipping Trial. All trials are grown under “low input” conditions, primarily for reduced nitrogen and fungicide. A total of 159 samples are in the process of being evaluated for two or more of the following postharvest characteristics: blackspot susceptibility, storage weight loss, dormancy, enzymatic browning, specific gravity, french fry color, french fry texture, and chip color. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by potato growers in 2013, included 13 russets (AC99375-1RU, AC00395-2RU, CO03276-5RU, CO05024-11RU, CO05040-1RU, CO05068-1RU, CO05110-6RU, CO05132-2RU, CO05149-3RU, CO05152-5RU, CO05175-1RU, CO05189-2RU, CO05189-3RU), 3 reds (CO04159-1R, CO05211-4R, CO05228-4R), 10 chippers (AC01151-5W, AC00206-2W, AC03433-1W, AC03452-2W, AC05153-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, CO03243-3W, and CO05061-6W) and 13 specialties (AC99330-1P/Y, AC05175-3P/Y, ATTX01180-1R/Y, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y,CO04067-8R/Y, CO04056-3P/PW, CO04063-4R/R, CO04099-3W/Y, CO05037-2R/Y, and CO05037-3W/Y). PVP applications were submitted for Masquerade (AC99329-7PW/Y), (Crestone Russet (CO99053-3RU), and Mercury Russet (CO99100-1RU). Plant Variety Protection was granted for Mesa Russet in 2013. AC99330-1P/Y and CO97233-3R/Y will be named Midnight Moon and Red Luna.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Davidson, Robert D., Houser, Andrew J, and Holm, David G. 2013. Cultivar improvements for powdery scab resistance in the Colorado Cultivar Development Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:129. (Abstract).
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Holm, D. G., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., and Jayanty, S. S. Jayanty. 2013. Mesa Russet: Management information sheet. Spud Items. January, 2013.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2013. 2012 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 130pp. (unpub)
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kalita, Diganta, Holm, David G., and Jayanty, Sastry S. 2013. Analysis of acrylamide formation in selected potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:136. (Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kulen, O., Stushnoff, C., and Holm, D. G. 2013. Effect of cold storage on total phenolics content, antioxidant activity and vitamin C level of selected potato clones. J. Sci. Food Agr. 93:2437-2444.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Larson, Katie, Holm, D. G., Jayanty, S. S., and Reddivari, L. 2013. Characterization of carotenoid content in potato germplasm utilized by the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:138. (Abstract).
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Narasimhamoorthy B., Zhao, L. Q., Liu, X., Essah, S.Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Greaves, J. A. 2013. Effect of harvest date on PI2, total protein, TGA content and tuber performance in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:561-569.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Perla, Venu, Holm, David G. and Jayanty, Sastry S. 2013. Selenium and sulfur in Colorado potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:144. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Reddivari, Lavanya, Madiwale, Gaurav P., Holm, David G., and Vanamala, Jairam. 2013. Purple-fleshed potatoes retain anti-cancer properties in vitro even after prolonged storage and processing. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:147. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Thompson, Henry J., Echeverria, Dimas, Kleintop, Adrienne, Jayanty, Sastry, and Holm, David G. 2013. Evaluation of the type and amount of dietary fiber in a collection of potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:152. (Abstract).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Zuber, Tatiana, Stushnoff, Cecil, and Holm, David. 2013. Whole Solanum tuberosum L. tubers provide a protective matrix effect that stabilizes antiproliferative inhibitory metabolites from thermal degradation, and retains inhibitory properties against HT-29 colon cancer cells in vitro. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:157. (Abstract).

Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). The primary emphasis is placed on the development of russet cultivars. The balance of the breeding effort is devoted to developing red, specialty, and chipping cultivars. This broad approach is important because it recognizes the diverse markets accessed by potato growers throughout Colorado and many other states in the region. Seventy-five advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2013 pending results of ongoing evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by Colorado producers in 2012, included 12 russets (CO04211-4RU, CO04220-7RU, CO04233-1RU, AC00395-2RU, CO03187-1RU, CO03202-1RU, CO03276-4RU, CO03276-5RU, AC99375-1RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, and CO99100-1RU), 4 reds (CO04159-1R, CO00291-5R, CO99076-6R, and CO99256-2R), 11 chippers (AC00206-2W, AC03452-2W, AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, CO02321-4W, CO03243-3W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, and CO00270-7W), and 22 specialties (AC03534-2R/Y, CO04029-5W/Y, CO04067-8R/Y, CO04099-3W/Y, CO04099-4W/Y, CO04188-4R/Y, CO04056-3P/PW, CO04063-4R/R, CO03134-4RF/RW, CO04021-2R/Y, CO04013-1W/Y, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97222-1R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, CO99045-1W/Y, ATC00293-1W/Y, CO00405-1RF, CO00412-5W/Y, and CO00415-1RF). Several selections are being considered for exclusive release. Selections to be named are AC99329-7PW/Y (Masquerade), CO99053-3RU (Crestone Russet), CO99100-1RU (name to be determined). PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 27 potato cultivars/clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. Three additional selections are currently being released including AC99329-7PW/Y (Masquerade), CO99053-3RU (Crestone Russet), and CO99100-1RU (named to be determined). Colorado State University releases accounted for 58% of the 55,100 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2012. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 46% of the 13,286 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2012. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 5% of the seed acreage. Three of the top 10 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Russet Norkotah-S3 (#5), Canela Russet (#8), Rio Grande Russet (#10), in 2012 were developed by the Colorado program. For reds, Sangre-S11 ranked #5. For colored-fleshed specialties, Mountain Rose and Purple Majesty both continue to be ranked #1 among red- and purple-fleshed cultivars.

Publications

• Brown, C. R., Vales, I., Yilma, S., James, S., Charlton, B., Culp, D., Hane, D., Shock, C., Feibert, E., Pavek, M., Knowles, R., Novy, R., Whitworth, J., Stark, J., Miller, J. C., Jr., Holm, D., Quick, R., and Navarre, R. 2012. AmaRosa, a red skinned, red fleshed fingerling with high phytonutrient value. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:249-254.
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2012. Maximizing nitrogen use efficiency for optimum tuber yield and quality of a new Colorado potato cultivar. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:34.
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2012. Seed size and seed reconditioning influences field emergence, tuber yield, and quality of potato. Electronic Conference Proceedings (Abstracts), World Potato Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. May 2012.
• Holm, D.G. and Gray, C. 2012. 2011 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 134pp. (unpub).
• Jayanty, S. S. and Holm, D. G. 2012. Volatile compounds analysis in colorado potato cultivars and advanced selections using solid phase micro extraction technique (SPME). Am. J. Potato Res. 89:39.
• Madiwale, G.P., Reddivari, L., Holm, D.G., Stone, M., and Vanamala, J. 2012. Combined effects of storage and processing on the bioactive compounds and pro-apoptotic properties of color-fleshed potatoes in human colon cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60:11088-11096.
• Perla, V., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2012. Selenium and sulfur content and activity of associated enzymes in selected potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:111-120.
• Perla, V., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2012. Effects of cooking methods on polyphenols, pigments and antioxidant activity in potato tubers. LWT - Food Science and Technology 45:61-171.

Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Seventy advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2012 pending results of ongoing evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by Colorado producers in 2011, included 10 russets (AC99375-1RU, AC00395-2RU, CO97087-2RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, CO99100-1RU, CO03187-1RU, CO03202-1RU, CO03276-4RU, and CO03276-5RU), 4 reds (CO98012-5R, CO99076-6R, CO99256-2R, and CO00291-5R), 9 chippers (AC01151-5W, AC03433-1W, CO95051-7W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, CO00270-7W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, and CO02321-4W), and 15 specialties (ATC00293 -1W/Y, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO00412-5W/Y, CO01399-10P/Y, CO03027-2R/R, CO03094-5RF/RW, CO04021-2R/Y, CO04013-1W/Y, CO04117-5PW/Y, and CO04045-4P/P). Current plans are to name AC99329-7PW/Y, CO99053-3RU, CO99100-1RU, CO95051-7W in 2012. Plant Variety Protection was granted to Rio Colorado in 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 27 potato cultivars/clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. Colorado State University releases accounted for 57% of the 54,000 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2011. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 50% of the 13,286 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2011. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 2% of the seed acreage. Three of the top 10 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Canela Russet (#6), Rio Grande Russet (#7), Russet Norkotah-S3 (#8) in 2010 were developed by the Colorado program. Also for reds Sangre-S11 ranked #7. For colored-fleshed specialties, Mountain Rose and Purple Majesty both ranked #1 among red- and purple-fleshed cultivars.

Publications

• Bizimungu, B., Holm, D.G., Kawchuk, L.M., Konschuh, M., Schaupmeyer, C., Wahab, J., Waterer, D., Driedger, D., Wolf, H., McAllister, P., Howard, R., Platt, H.W., Lynch, D.R. 2011. Alta Crown: A new russet potato cultivar with resistance to common scab and a low incidence of tuber deformities. Amer. J. Potato Res. 88:72-81.
• Essah, S.Y.C, Holm, D.G., and Davidson, R.D. 2011. Response of potato to potassium fertilizer source and form of application in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Amer. J. Potato Res. 88:37.
• Essah, S.Y.C, Holm, D.G., and Davidson, R.D. 2011. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application and plant population for maximum tuber yield and quality in Mesa Russet, a new Colorado cultivar. Amer. J. Potato Res. 88:37.
• Holm, D.G., Essah, S.Y.C., Miller, J.C., Jr., Wilson, R.G., and Nunez, J.J. 2011. Potato breeding and cultivar development in the Southwest. Amer. J. Potato Res. 88:45.
• Holm, D.G. and Gray, C. 2011. 2010 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 130pp. (unpub)
• Kulen, O., Stushnoff, C., Davidson, R.D., and Holm, D.G. 2011. Gibberellic acid and ethephon alter potato minituber bud dormancy and improve seed tuber yield . Amer. J. Potato Res 88:167-174.
• Madiwale, G.P., Reddivari, L., Holm, D.G., and Vanamala, J. 2011. Storage elevates phenolic content and antioxidant activity but suppresses antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of colored-flesh potatoes against human colon cancer cell lines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:8155-8166.

Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Fifty-five advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2011 pending results of ongoing evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by Colorado producers in 2010, included 6 russets (AC99375-1RU, CO97087-2RU, CO98067-7RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, and CO99100-1RU), 2 reds (CO99076-6R and CO99256-2R), 9 chippers (AC01151-5W, CO95051-7W, CO97043-14W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, CO00270-7W, CO02024-9W, CO02033-1W, and CO02321-4W), and 8 specialties (AC97521-1R/Y, AC99329-7PW/Y, ATC00293 -1W/Y, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-2R/Y, CO00412-5W/Y, CO01399-10P/Y, TC02072-3P/P). Consideration is being given to releasing CO95051-7W. This round white selection has excellent chip color after long term storage. Plant Variety Protection was granted to Rio Grande Russet in 2010. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 27 potato cultivars/clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. Colorado State University releases accounted for 59% of the 55,500 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2010. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 44% of the 12,053 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2010. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Three of the top 10 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Canela Russet (#7), Rio Grande Russet (#8), Russet Norkotah-S3 (#9) in 2009 were developed by the Colorado program. Also for reds Sangre-S11 ranked #7. For colored-fleshed specialties, Mountain Rose and Purple Majesty both ranked #1 among red- and purple-fleshed cultivars.

Publications

• Holm, D.G. and Goktepe, F. 2010. 2009 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 131pp. (unpub)
• Madiwale, G., Reddivari, L., Stone, M., Holm, D., Vanamala, J. 2010. Effect of storage and processing on colored potato functional compounds and their sensory attributes. IFT-USDA Project Directors Meeting, July 16-20, Chicago, IL.
• Manter, D. K., Delgado, J. A., Holm, D.G., and Stong, R.A. 2010. Pyrosequencing reveals a highly diverse and cultivar-specific bacterial endophyte community in potato roots. Microb. Ecol. 60:157-166.
• Essah, S.Y.C, Holm, D.G., and Davidson, R.D. 2010. Optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application and plant population for maximum tuber yield and quality in Mesa Russet, a new Colorado cultivar. In Annual Meeting Abstracts of the Potato Association of America. Corvallis, OR. p. 46.
• Essah, S.Y.C, Davidson, R.D., and Holm, D.G. 2010. Response of potato to potassium fertilizer source and form of application in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. In Annual Meeting Abstracts of the Potato Association of America. Corvallis, OR. p. 110.
• Stushnoff, C., Ducreux, L.J.M., Hancock, R.D., Hedley, Holm, D.G.. McDougall, G.J., McNicol, J.W., Morris, J., Morris,W.L., Sungurtas, J.A., Verrall, S.R., Zuber, T., and Taylor, M. A.. 2010. Flavonoid profiling and transcriptome analysis reveals new gene-metabolite correlations in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. J. Exp. Bot. 61:1225-1238.
• Holm, D.G., Essah, S.Y.C., Miller, J.C., Jr., Wilson, R.G., and Nunez, J.J. 2010. Potato breeding and cultivar development in the Southwest. In Annual Meeting Abstracts of the Potato Association of America. Corvallis, OR. p. 106.

Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Forty-four advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2010. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers in 2009, included 10 russets (AC96052-1RU, AC99375-1RU, CO94035-15RU, CO95172-3RU, CO97087-2RU, CO98067-7RU, CO98368-2RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, and CO99100-1RU), 5 reds (CO98012-5R, CO99076-6R, CO99256-2R, CO00277-2R, and CO00291-5R), 7 chippers (CO95051-7W, CO96141-4W, CO97043-14W, CO97065-7W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, and CO00270-7W), and 17 specialties (AC97521-1R/Y, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, ATC00293 -1W/Y, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y, CO99045-1W/Y, CO00379-2R/Y, CO00405-1R, CO00412-5W/Y, CO00415-1R, CO01399-10P/Y, and VC1009-1W/Y). Mesa Russet (CO94035-15RU) was named in 2009. Mesa Russet is a high yielding, dual-purpose russet. It has a medium maturity and a high percentage of US #1 tubers. It is resistant to second growth, blackspot bruise, shatter bruise, powdery scab (tuber and root galling) and verticillium wilt. It has also shown potential to fry after storage. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
An analysis was conducted in mid-February 2009 on the incremental economic impacts of new potato cultivars, Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 and Rio Grande Russet, developed by Colorado State University on grower' returns in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Based on the price structure at that time, using multiple year yield and grade data, and current production area, grower' returns/ha (warehouse packing and handling charges deducted) were calculated for Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 and Russet Norkotah. Shifting production to Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 resulted in an increase in grower' returns of $314/ha. Shifting from production of Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 to Rio Grande Russet added another $255/ha to grower' returns. Overall grower' returns have increased by $569/ha by moving acreage from Russet Norkotah to Rio Grande Russet. Total industry impact was estimated to be $14.4 million. A similar analysis regarding fertilizer inputs indicated that it took $11.25, $15.66, and $13.23 to produce a tonne of Rio Grande Russet, Russet Nokotah, and Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 potatoes respectively. Kilograms of nitrogen to produce a tonne of potatoes was 2.3, 3.2, 2.7 for Rio Grande Russet, Russet Nokotah, and Russet Norkotah-Selection 3 respectively. This attests to the opportunity for significant nitrogen input savings by shifting to newer more sustainable cultivars.

Publications

• Bizimungu, B., Lynch, D. R., Holm, D. G., Kawchuk, L. M., Konschuh, M., Wahab, J., Waterer, D., Driedger, D., McAllister, P., Howard, R., and Platt, H. W. 2009. Alta Crown-a new russet potato variety suitable for french fry and fresh market uses. Amer. J. Potato Res. 86:137. (Abstract).
• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F. 2009. 2008 Colorado Advanced Potato Selections Data Summary Report - Potato Breeding and Selection to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 52pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F.. 2009. Colorado Advanced Potato Selections Data Summary. Report for the 2009 Open House. 58pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F.. 2009. Colorado Advanced Potato Selections Data Summary. Report for the 2009 Clonal Evaluation Meeting. 58pp. (Unpub).
• Thompson, M. D., Thompson, H. J., McGinley, J. N., Neil, E. S., Rush, D. K., Holm, D. G., and Stushnoff, C. 2009. Functional food characteristics of potato cultivars (Solarium tuberosum L.): Phytochemical composition and inhibition of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea induced breast cancer in rates. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22:571-576.

Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialties) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Forty-eight advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2009. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers in 2008, included 11 russets (AC96052-1RU, AC99375-1RU, CO94035-15RU, CO95086-8RU, CO95172-3RU, CO97087-2RU, CO98067-7RU, CO98368-2RU, CO99053-3RU, CO99053-4RU, and CO99100-1RU), 5 reds (CO98012-5R, CO99076-6R, CO99256-2R, CO00277-2R, and CO00291-5R), 8 chippers (CO95051-7W, CO96141-4W, CO97043-14W, CO97065-7W, AC00170-2W, CO00188-4W, CO00197-3W, and CO00270-7W), and 19 specialties (AC97521-1R/Y, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, ATC00293 -1W/Y, CO97215-2P/P, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y, CO99045-1W/Y, CO99338-3RU/Y, CO00379-2R/Y, CO00405-1R, CO00412-5W/Y, CO00415-1R, VC1002-3W/Y, and VC1009-1W/Y). A decision to release selection CO94035-15RU was made. CO94035-15RU is a medium maturing, high yielding russet with a high percentage of US #1 tubers. It is resistance to blackspot bruise and has shown the potential to fry after storage. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato growers, shippers, and processors, and the consuming public PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 18 potato cultivars released by Colorado State University (CSU) or in cooperation with other agencies. Colorado State University releases accounted for 60% of the 57,000 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2008. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 55% of the 12,240 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2008. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 3% of the seed acreage. Six of the top 20 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Rio Grande Russet (#5), Russet Norkotah-S3 (#6), Canela Russet (#8), Centennial Russet (#13), Russet Norkotah-S8 (#15), and Silverton Russet (#17)] were developed by the Colorado program. Also for reds, Sangre-S11 ranked #7. For colored-fleshed specialties, Mountain Rose and Purple Majesty ranked #1 among red and purple-fleshed cultivars.

Publications

• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F. 2008. 2008 Colorado Advanced Potato Selections Data Summary. Report for the 2008 Openhouse/Clonal Evaluation Meeting. 55pp. (Unpub).
• Jayanty, S., Pouland, T., Tamada, N., Holm, D. G., Thompson, H., and Wallner, S. 2008. Screening of resistant starch and alpha amylase inhibitor levels in Colorado grown potato selections and cultivars. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. Potato Association of America. August 10-14. Buffalo, NY.
• Jayanty, S., Thangada, N., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. 2008. Microarray analysis of smooth skin potato mutants to study resistance mechanism for powdery scab disease in potatoes. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. Potato Association of America. August 10-14. Buffalo, NY.
• Jayanty, S., Thangada, N., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. 2008. Understanding the resistance mechanism for powdery scab disease in potatoes-microarray approach. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2008 Global Potato Conference, December 9-13. New Delhi, India.
• Stushnoff, C., Holm, D., Thompson, M. D., Jiang, W., Thompson, H., Joyce, N. I., and Wilson, P. Antioxidant properties of cultivars and selections from the Colorado Potato Breeding Program. 2008. Am. J. Pot. Res. 85:267-276.
• Al-Daej, M. , Holm, D., Stushnoff, C. , and Hughes, H.. 2008. Relative total phenolics in potato (Solanum tuberosom L.) progeny from 15 families. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. American Society for Horticultural Science. July 21-24. Orlando, FL.
• Bizimungu, B., Lynch, D. R., Holm, D. G., Kawchuk, L. M., Konschuh, M., Wahab, J., Waterer, D., Driedger, D., McAllister, P., Howard, R., and Platt, H. W. 2008. Alta Crown-a new russet potato variety suitable for fresch fry and fresh market uses. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. Potato Association of America. August 10-14. Buffalo, NY.
• Essah, S.Y.C., Delgado, J. A., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2008. Response of irrigated colored flesh potato to nitrogen fertilization in a soil with high residual nitrogen. Am. J. Pot. Res. 85:9.
• Essah, S.Y.C., Delgado, J. A., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2008. Effect of seed size and seed reconditioning on the growth and yield of Canela Russet. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. Potato Association of America. August 10-14. Buffalo, NY.
• Holm, D. G. and Goktepe, F. 2008. 2007 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 114pp.
• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F. 2008. Development of a grade standard for the breeding and selection of fingerling potato cultivars. In Annual Meeting Abstracts. Potato Association of America. August 10-14. Buffalo, NY.

Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Ninety-three parental clones were intercrossed in 2007 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was russet, red, and specialty cultivar development. The second emphasized russet and red cultivar development, PVY immunity, and nematode resistance. Seed from 383 combinations was obtained. Approximately 46,227 seedling tubers representing 249 families were produced from 2003, 2005, and 2006 crosses, for initial field selection in 2008. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Minnesota, North Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada (Agriculture Canada). Colorado grew 80,101 first-year seedlings in 2007, with 643 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS, Agriculture Canada, North Dakota State University, and Texas A&M University. Another 893 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 229 were saved for further observation. Forty-three advanced selections were saved and will be increased in 2008. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers in 2007, included 8 russets (AC96052-1RU, CO94035-15, CO95172-3RU, CO97087-2RU, CO97138-3RU, CO97138-7RU, CO98067-7RU, and CO98368-2RU), 4 reds (CO98012-5R, CO99076-6R, CO99256-3R, and CO99256-2R), 5 chippers (AC97097-14W, AC99213-8W, CO96141-4W, CO97043-14W, and CO97065-7W), and 13 specialties (AC97521-1R/Y, AC99329-7PW/Y, AC99330-1P/Y, CO97215-2P/P, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y, CO99045-1W/Y, CO99338-3RU/Y, and VC1009-W/Y).

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 19 potato cultivars released by Colorado State University (CSU) or in cooperation with other agencies. Colorado State University releases accounted for 52% of the 59,200 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2007. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 53% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 58% of the 10,805 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2007. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 3% of the seed acreage. Eight of the top 20 commercially grown russet cultivars (Russet Norkotah-S3, Russet Norkotah-S8, Rio Grande Russet, Canela Russet, Centennial Russet, Silverton Russet, and Russet Nugget) in the U. S. were developed by the Colorado program.

Publications

• Christensen, D., Koski, A., Holm, D., Qian, Y., Detling, J., and Wallner, S. 2007. Response to selection for turf traits in Distichlis spicata. Annual Meeting of the ASA-CSSA-SSA. New Orlean, LA. (Abstract).
• Essah, S. Y. C., Delgado, J. A., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2007. Response of irrigated colored flesh potato to nitrogen fertilization in a soil with high residual nitrogen. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Idaho Falls, Idaho. (Abstract).
• Holm, D. G., and Goktepe, F. 2007. 2006 Colorado Advanced Potato Selections Data Summary Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (Area II) Research Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (Area III). 37pp. (Unpub).
• Shahba, M. A., Stushnoff, C., McSay, A. E., Holm, D., and Davidson, R. 2007. Effect of temperature on storage properties, dormancy, soluble sugar content and-galactosidase activity of seven new potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment 5(1): 116-121.
• Stushnoff, C., Holm, D., Thompson, H., Joyce, N. I., and Wilson, P. 2007. Antioxidant properties of potato cultivars. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Idaho Falls, Idaho. (Abstract).

Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to collaborate with growers, shippers, processors, and research personnel to assess the production, adaptability, marketability, and other characteristics of advanced selections from the Colorado program; (3) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (4) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Ninety-three parental clones in 2006 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was russet cultivar development, PVY immunity, and nematode resistance. The second emphasized russets, reds, specialty, and late blight resistance. Seed from 272 combinations was obtained. Approximately 55,215 seedling tubers representing 282 families were produced from 2004 and 2005 crosses, for initial field selection in 2007. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Minnesota, North Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada. Colorado grew 80,019 first-year seedlings in 2006, with 653 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS, Agriculture Canada, North Dakota State University, and Texas A&M University. Another 1,080 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 263 were saved for further observation. Forty-eight advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased in 2007 pending final evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers in 2006, included 9 russets (AC96052-1RU, CO94035-15RU, CO95086-8RU, CO95172-3RU, CO97087-2RU, CO97090-4RU, CO97138-3RU, CO97138-7RU, and TC1675-1RU), 1 reds (CO98012-5R), 7 chippers (AC97097-14W, ATDC9801-3P, CO95051-7W, CO96141-4W, CO97043-14W, CO97065-7W, and CO98277-4W), and 16 specialty selections (AC97521-1R/Y, ATC98444-1R/Y, ATC98495-1W/Y, ATC98509-1R/Y, CO97215-2P/P, CO97222-1R/R, CO97226-2R/R, CO97227-2P/PW, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y, CO97274-2W/Y, VC0967-2R/Y, VC1002-3W/Y, VC1009-1W/Y, and VC1123-2W/Y) and one long white (CO97137-1W). Two other selections, AC92009-4RU (Canela Russet) and NDC5281-2R (Rio Colorado), will be named in 2007. AC92009-4RU is a fresh market selection with excellent tuber type and a long dormancy. NDC5281-2R has a bright red skin with a high percentage of B sized tubers.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 19 potato cultivars released by Colorado State University (CSU) or in cooperation with other agencies. Colorado State University releases accounted for 46% of the 59,900 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2006. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 46% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 52% of the 13,249 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2006. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 5% of the seed acreage. Three of the top six russet potato cultivars (Russet Norkotah-S3, Russet Norkotah-S8, and Rio Grande Russet) produced for seed in the U. S. were developed by the Colorado program. Additionally Canela Russet (AC92009-4RU), Centennial Russet, Silverton Russet, and Russet Nugget are in the top 20 russet cultivars. Of the cultivars released since 1990 by the 12 potato breeding programs in the U.S., those developed by the Colorado program ranked first nationally in total acreage approved for seed certification in 2006.

Publications

• Alenazi, M. M., Hughes, H. G., Stushnoff, C. and Holm, D. G. 2006. Influence of storage temperature and time in storage on pigment content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). HortScience, 41:1014. (Abstract).
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D.. 2006. Yield and skin color response of Colorado red potatoes to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid application. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, VI International Solanaceae Conference, and Solanaceae Genomics Network, Madison, Wisconsin. (Abstract).
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2006. Timing vine desiccation to optimize yield, tuber size distribution, and quality of two Colorado russet potatoes. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Indianapolis, Indiana. (Abstract). [CD-ROM].
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D.. 2006. In-season nitrogen management for improved yield and quality of two potato cultivars. In Proceedings [CD-ROM]. World Potato Congress, Boise, ID.
• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2006. 2005 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 96pp.
• Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., Miller, J. P., Nunez J., Carlson, H., Kirby, D. W., Holm, D. G., and Naranjo, P. 2006. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2005. Tex. Agr. Expt. Sta., College Station and Lubbock. 23p.

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, improved nutritional characteristics, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; (3) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Additional breeding emphasis is placed on identifying germplasm and developing cultivars that are: (1) immune to PVY; (2) resistant to late blight (foliar and tuber); (3) resistant to storage rots [dry rot (Fusarium and early blight) and bacterial soft rot]; (4) resistant to powdery scab; and (5) that have improved consumer characteristics such as improved red skin color retention and improved shelf life. Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. One hundred parental clones were intercrossed in 2005 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was specialty cultivar development and PVY and late blight resistance. The second emphasized russets, reds, specialty, and PVY immunity. Seed from 279 combinations was obtained. Approximately 56,302 seedling tubers representing 219 families were produced from 2003 and 2004 crosses, for initial field selection in 2006. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, chippers, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Colorado grew 85,007 first-year seedlings in 2005, with 848 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the other breeding programs. Another 789 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 254 were saved for further observation. Fifty-three advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased in 2006 pending final evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers, included 7 russets (AC92009-2RU, CO93001-11RU, AC96051-1RU, CO94035-15RU, CO95086-8RU, CO95172-3RU, and TC1675-1RU), 4 reds (CO93037-6R, CO97078-5R, NDC5281-2R, and VC1075-1R), 5 chippers (AC97097-14W, CO95051-7W, CO96141-4W, CO97043-14W, and CO97065-7W), and 11 specialty selections (AC97521-1R/Y, CO94157-2W/Y, CO97226-2R/R, CO97232-1R/Y, CO97232-2R/Y, CO97233-3R/Y, VC0967-2R/Y, VC1002-3W/Y, VC1009-1W/Y, VC1015-7R/Y, and VC1123-2W/Y) and one long white (CO97137-1W). Recent releases undergoing commercialization include Rio Grande Russet (AC89536-5RU), Colorado Rose (CO89097-2R), Mountain Rose (CO94183-1R/R), and Purple Majesty (CO94165-3P/P). Two selections, AC92009-4RU and NDC5281-2R, will likely be named in the near future. AC92009-4RU is a fresh market selection with excellent tuber type and a long dormancy. NDC5281-2R has a bright red skin with a high percentage of B sized tubers.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 16 potato cultivars and 5 clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. These materials accounted for 51% of the 12,813 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2005. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 4% of the seed acreage. Colorado State University releases accounted for 49% of the 58,200 acres of 2005 fall potatoes planted in Colorado. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 52% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Three of the top ten potato cultivars produced for seed in the U.S. were from the Colorado program. Of the cultivars released since 1990 by the 12 potato breeding programs in the U.S., those developed by the Colorado program ranked first nationally in total acreage approved for seed certification in 2005. Many of these cultivars and clonal selections have significantly reduced nitrogen and fungicide input requirements.

Publications

• Essah, S.Y.C., Holm, D.G. and Davidson, R.D. 2005. Timing vine kill to manipulate yield, tuber size distribution and quality of two red potatoes. Annual meetings of the Potato Association of America. July 17-21, 2005. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. [Abstract].
• Essah, S.Y.C., Delgado, J.A., Holm, D.G., and Davidson, R.D. 2005. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and quality of Colorado russet potato lines. In Annual Meetings Abstract [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Nov. 6-10. Salt Lake City, UT.
• Holm, D.G. and Naranjo, P.F. 2005. 2004 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to Research Committee of the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (Area II) and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area III). 93pp. (Unpub).
• Miller, J.C., Jr., Scheuring, D.C., Koym, J.W. Koym, and Holm, D.G. 2005. TX1523-1Ru/Y a.k.a. Sierra Gold: An early maturing yellow flesh Russet cultivar for the specialty market. Amer. J. Potato Res. 82:369-377.

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; and (3) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Additional breeding emphasis is placed on identifying germplasm and developing cultivars that have: (1) improved nutritional quality and other consumer characteristics; (2) immunity to PVY; (3) resistance to late blight (foliar and tuber); (4) resistance to storage rots [dry rot (Fusarium and early blight) and bacterial soft rot]; and (5) resistance to powdery scab. Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. One hundred parental clones were intercrossed in 2004 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was specialty cultivar development and the second emphasized russets, reds, specialty, and PVY immunity. Seed from 428 combinations was obtained. Approximately 65,000 seedling tubers representing 235 families were produced from 2003 and 2004 crosses, for initial field selection in 2005. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russets, reds, chippers, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to the USDA-ARS, Minnesota, North Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada. Colorado grew 79,334 first-year seedlings in 2004, with 549 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from USDA-ARS, Agriculture Canada, North Dakota State University, and Texas A&M University. Another 878 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 268 were saved for further observation. Forty-three advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased in 2005 pending final evaluations. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers, included 9 russets (AC87084-3RU, AC89536-5RU, AC92009-2RU, AC93026-9RU, CO93001-11RU, CO94035-15RU, CO95086-8RU, CO95172-3RU, and TC1675-1RU), 4 reds (CO89097-2R, CO93037-6R, NDC5281-2R, and VC1075-1R), 3 chippers (BC0894-2W, and CO95051-7W, and CO96141-4W), and 8 specialty selections (CO94157-2W/Y, CO94165-3P/P, CO94183-1R/R, VC0967-2R/Y, VC1002-3W/Y, VC1009-1W/Y, and VC1015-7R/Y, and VC1123-2W/Y). Advanced selections/recent releases undergoing commercialization include AC89536-5RU (Rio Grande Russet) and CO89097-2R (Colorado Rose). Exclusive release or public release for BC0894-2W, CO85026-4RU (Fremont Russet), and CO86218-2R (Durango Red) is being evaluated. Two selections showing potential for naming include CO94165-3P/P and CO94183-1R/R. Both of these specialty selections have colored flesh.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 12 potato cultivars and five clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. These materials accounted for 36% of the 12,345 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2004. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 20% of the seed acreage. Four of these selections are in the process of being named. Colorado State University releases accounted for 45% of the 65,000 acres of 2004 fall potatoes planted in Colorado. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 46% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Many of these cultivars and clonal selections have significantly reduced nitrogen and fungicide input requirements.

Publications

• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2004. 2003 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 93pp. (Unpub).
• Sharma, N., Gruszewski, H. A., Park, S., Holm, D. G., and Vivanco, J. M. 2004. Purification of an isoform of patatin with antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora infestans. Plant Phys. and Biochem. 42:647-655.
• Voss, R. E., Phillips, H., Cantwell, M., Holm, D., Miller, C., Carlson H., Kirby D., Mullen, R., Novy, R., Nunez J., Rykbost, K., Mosley, A., and Charlton, B. 2004. Potato variety selection and development. In 2003 Potato Board Annual Report. California Potato Research Advisory Board. Dinuba, CA 93618. pp 9-68.
• Voss, R. E., Phillips, H., Cantwell, M., Nunez, J., Carlson, H., Holm, D., Kirby, D., Miller, C., Mullen, R., Novy, R., Mosley, A., and Rykbost, K. 2004. 2003 Potato Variety Trials. Vegetable Crops Department Special Report, Univ. of California, Davis. 64 pp.
• Essah, S. Y. C., Delgado, J. A., and Holm, D. G. 2004. Dry matter accumulation, partitioning, and leaf area duration in two Colorado red potatoes: Influence of nitrogen application rate. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Oct. 31-Nov. 4, 2004. Seattle, WA.
• Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G. and Delgado, J. A. 2004. Yield and quality of two U. S. Red Potatoes: Influence of nitrogen rate and plant population. Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress. p.186. (Abstr.)
• Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D., and Essah, S. Y. C. 2004. Colorado Rose: A new high yielding red. Colorado SpudItems. 1(3):5.
• Holm, D. G., Davidson, R. D., and Essah, S. Y. C. 2004. Rio Grande Russet: A new high quality fresh market russet. Colorado SpudItems. 1(2):5.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; and (3) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). Additional breeding emphasis is placed on identifying germplasm and developing cultivars that are: (1) immune to PVY; (2) resistant to late blight (foliar and tuber); (3) resistant to storage rots [dry rot (Fusarium and early blight) and bacterial soft rot]; (4) resistant to powdery scab; and (5) that have improved nutritional quality and other consumer characteristics. Cultivars with these characteristics will help assure that the potato industry in Colorado will remain productive and in a competitive position. Ninety parental clones were intercrossed in 2003 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was specialty cultivar development and the second emphasized russets, reds, chippers, and PVY immunity. Seed from 446 combinations was obtained. Approximately 50,000 seedling tubers representing 213 families were produced from 2000, 2001, and 2002 crosses, for initial field selection in 2004. These seedlings represent crosses primarily segregating for russet, reds, chippers, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight and PVY). Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to the USDA-ARS, the University of Minnesota, Texas A&M, the University of Wisconsin, and Agriculture Canada in 2004. Colorado grew 68,371 first-year seedlings in 2003, with 576 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings was obtained from the USDA-ARS, Agriculture Canada, Texas A&M University, and the University of Wisconsin. Another 1,101 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 336 were saved for further observation. Forty-two advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased in 2004 pending final evaluations. Another 241 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for the other programs. Advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers, included 9 russets (AC87084-3RU, AC89536-5RU, AC92009-2RU, AC93026-9RU, CO93001-11RU, CO93016-3RU, CO94035-15RU, CO94084-12RU, and TC1675-1RU), 5 reds (CO89097-2R, CO93037-6R, CO94019-1R, NDC5281-2R, and VC1075-1R), 5 chippers (AC87340-2W, AC94296-5W, BC0894-2W, CO95051-7W, and CO95070-7W), and 8 specialty selections (CO94165-3P/P, CO94183-1R/R, VC0967-2R/Y, VC0967-5R/Y, VC1002-3W/Y, VC1009-1W/Y, VC1015-1R/Y, and VC1015-7R/Y). Advanced selections undergoing commercialization include Durango Red (CO86218-2R), AC89536-5RU, and CO89097-2R.

Impacts
Since 1975, there have been 12 potato cultivars and 5 clonal selections released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies. These materials accounted for 39% of the Colorado certified seed acreage accepted for certification. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 7% of the seed acreage. Colorado State University releases accounted for 57% of the 2003 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 53% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Conservative estimates indicate that new potato cultivars and clonal selections increase the value of the Colorado fall potato crop by $11-$12 million annually due to improved yield and quality.

Publications

• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2003. 2002 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (San Luis Valley Office, Area II). 96pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2003. Colorado. Pages 80-95 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2001. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2003. Colorado Advanced Potato Selections - 2003 Data Summary. 32pp. (Unpub).
• McSay, A. E., Stushnoff, C., Holm, D., Davidson, R., and Shabba, M. 2003. Storage characteristics of new potato introductions. XXVI International Horticultural Congress. Symposium 3(Potatoes-Healthy Food for Humanity: Interational Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization). Acta Horticulturae. (ISHS) 619:463-469.
• Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., Hale, A. L., Voss, R. E., Phillips, H., Holm, D. G. Holm, Popiel, F. G., and Thompson, A. 2003. Southwestern Region. Pages 35-44 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2001. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• Tietz, M. E., Holm, D. G., Voss, R. E., Scheuring, D. C., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., Reyes, L. F., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2003. Variation in anthocyanin accumulation in purple/red fleshed potato cultivars and selections under diverse environmental conditions. HortScience 38:1265 (Abstr.).
• Voss, R.E., Phillips, H., Nunez, J., Carlson, H., Holm, D., Miller, C., Corsini, D., Rykbost, K., Novy, R., Kirby, D., Mullen, R. 2003. 2002 Potato Variety Trials. University of California/California Potato Research Advisory Board. UC Davis. 66 pp.

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding & Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, & specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases & pests, & tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase & commercial testing; & (3) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate & international). The primary emphasis is placed on the development of russet cultivars. The balance of the breeding effort, in order of priority, is devoted to developing reds, chippers, & specialty cultivars. Additional breeding emphasis is placed on identifying germplasm & developing cultivars that are: 1) immune to PVY; 2) resistant to late blight (foliar & tuber); 3) resistant to dry rot (Fusarium & early blight) & bacterial soft rot; 4) resistant to powdery scab; & 5) developing protocols to screen & evaluate advanced selections for reduced tuber greening potential & red skin color retention in storage. Sixty parental clones were intercrossed in 2002. Emphasis was cultivar development & late blight resistance. Seed from 359 combinations was obtained. A total of 48,153 seedling tubers representing 187 families were produced from 2000 & 2001 crosses, for initial field selection in 2003. These seedlings represent crosses segregating for russet, reds, chippers, specialty types, & disease resistance/immunity (PVX, PVY, PLRV, & late blight). Second thru fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA), Maine (USDA-Beltsville), Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, & Alberta, Canada. Colo. grew 77,072 first year seedlings, with 848 being retained for subsequent planting, evaluation, & increase in future years. Some of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Another 1,195 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 282 were saved for further observation. Forty-two advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased pending final evaluations. Another 232 selections & cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for the other programs. Colo. advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers, included 10 russets (AC87084-3RU, AC89536-5RU, AC92009-2RU, AC93026-9RU, AC93047-1RU, CO92077-2RU, CO93001-11RU, CO93016-3RU, NDC5372-1RU, & TC1675-1RU), 6 reds (CO89097-2R, CO93037-6R, CO94019-1R, CO94065-2R, NDC5281-2R, & NDC6184-3R), 3 chippers (AC87340-2W, BC0894-2W, & NDC6084C-2W), & 6 specialty selections (CO94165-3P/P, CO94183-1R/R, CO94222-6RU/Y, VC0967-2R/Y, VC0967-5R/Y, & VC1002-3W/Y). Forty-nine Colo. selections were screened for resistance to late blight by Oregon State Univ. About 45% of the selections show relatively high levels of resistance to foliar infection. Advanced selections/recent releases undergoing commercialization include Cherry Red (DT6063-1R), Fremont Russet (CO85026-4), Durango Red (CO86218-2) & BC0894-2W. BC0894-2W is a chipper with international export potential.

Impacts
The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program has released or cooperated in the release of 11 cultivars. Cultivars and clonal selections developed by Colorado State Univ. accounted for 57% of the 2002 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Russet Nugget, named in 1988, accounted for 13% of the acreage making it second in area planted in the San Luis Valley. Silverton Russet, named in 2001 is currently among the top five russet cultivars being grown in six fall potato production states. This makes it overall the 4th most popular russet cultivar being grown in the US. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 56% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Conservative estimates show that new potato cultivars and clonal selections increased the value of the Colorado fall potato crop by $11-$12 million annually due to improved yield and quality.

Publications

• Holm, D. G. 2002. 2001 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (San Luis Valley Office, Area II). 92 pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G. and Naranjo, P. F. 2002. Colorado Advanced Potato Selections - 2002 Data Summary. 27 pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G. and Popiel, F. G. 2002. Colorado. Pages 98-109 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2000. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• McSay, A. E., Stushnoff, C., Holm, D., and Davidson, R. 2002. Storage characteristics of new potato introductions. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition. Toronto, Canada. p. 133. (Abstr.).
• Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., Voss, R. E., Phillips H., Holm, D. G., Popiel, F. G. Popiel, and Thompson A. 2002. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial. Pages 58-64 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2000. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
The major objectives of the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are: (1) to develop new potato cultivars (russets, reds, chippers, and specialty) with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses; (2) to provide a basic seed source of selections to growers for seed increase and commercial testing; and (3) to evaluate promising selections for potential seed export (interstate and international). The primary emphasis is placed on the development of russet cultivars. The balance of the breeding effort, in order of priority, is devoted to developing reds, chippers, and specialty cultivars. Other areas of emphasis are: 1) developing cultivars immune to PVY; 2) developing cultivars with tuber resistance to dry rot (Fusarium and early blight) and bacterial soft rot; 3) identifying and incorporating breeding material demonstrating resistance to powdery scab; and 4) developing protocols to screen and evaluate advanced selections for reduced tuber greening potential and red skin color retention in storage. Eighty-nine parental clones were intercrossed in 2001 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was disease resistance (late blight and PVY) and the second emphasized cultivar development and virus resistance (PVX, PVY, and PLRV). Seed from 605 combinations was obtained. Approximately 45,000 seedling tubers representing 166 families were produced from 2000 crosses, for initial field selection in 2002. Second thru fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Alberta, Canada. Colorado grew 77,993 first year seedlings, with 930 being retained for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. Some of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Another 1,074 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. Of these, 293 were saved for further observation. Thirty-nine advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased pending final evaluations. Another 184 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for the other programs. Colorado advanced selections evaluated in the Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by producers, included 11 russets (AC87079-3RU, AC87138-4RU, AC87084-3RU, AC89536-5RU, AC91014-2RU, AC92009-2RU, CO85026-4RU, CO92027-2RU, CO92077-2RU, NDC5372-1RU, and TC1675-1RU), 5 reds (CO86218-2R, CO89092-2R, CO93037-6R, DT6063-1R, and NDC5281-2R), and 3 chippers (AC87340-2, AC89653-3, BC0894-2). Future releases include Cherry Red (DT6063-1R), Fremont Russet (CO85026-4), and Durango Red (CO86218-2) and BC0894-2. Plant Variety Protection was granted for Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8.

Impacts
The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program has released or cooperated in the release of 11 cultivars. The most recent releases are Keystone Russet and Silverton Russet. Plant Variety Protection for Keystone Russet and Silverton Russet was applied for. Cultivars released by Colorado State University accounted for 59% of the 2001 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Russet Nugget, named in 1988, accounted for 21% of the acreage making it second in area planted in the San Luis Valley and the fifth most popular russet cultivar in the United States. Of the Russet Norkotah fall potato acreage in Colorado, 55% was planted to Colorado Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Conservatives estimates indicate that new potato cultivars and clonal selections increased the value of the Colorado fall potato crop by $11-$12 million annually due to improved yield and quality.

Publications

• Holm, D. G. and Popiel, F. G. 2001. 2000 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (San Luis Valley Office, Area II). 73 pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G. and Popiel, F. G. 2001. Colorado. Pages 82-94 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1999. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• Holm, D. G. and Popiel, F. G. 2001. Colorado advanced potato selections - 2001 data summary. 32 pp. (Unpub).
• Miller, J.C., Jr., Koym, J.W., Scheuring, D.C., Voss, R.E., Phillips, H., Kirby, D., Holm, D. G., Popiel, F. G., Thompson, A. 2001. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial. Pages 56-63 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1999. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• Voss, R., Phillips, H., Carlson, H., Swain, M., Holm, D., Novy, R., Haynes, K., Rykbost, K., et. al., 2001. Potato Variety Trials, 2000. California Potato Research Advisory Board. Dinuba, California. 41 pp.

Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
The basic objective of the Colorado potato breeding program is to develop new potato cultivars with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Based on the current industry production profile, the primary emphasis has been placed on developing fresh and processing russets (70-80%). The balance of the breeding effort is devoted to developing reds (10-15%), chippers (5-10%), and specialty cultivars (5%). A major emphasis has been placed on incorporating late blight and PVY resistant germplasm into the breeding program in recent years. Ninety-seven parental clones were intercrossed in 2000 in two separate crossing blocks. The emphasis of the first crossing block was late blight resistance and the second emphasized cultivar development and virus resistance. Seed from 417 combinations were obtained. Approximately 36,000 seedling tubers representing 159 families were produced from 1999 and 2000 crosses for initial field selection in 2001. Approximately 21,200 seedlings, representing 72 families, are currently being grown in the greenhouse. Most of these families represent the first 2000 crossing block. Second thru fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho, Minnesota, Texas, and Alberta, Canada. Approximately 75,000 first-year seedlings were grown in 2000 with 834 being selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. Some of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Another 1,104 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. Of these, 283 were saved for further observation. Twenty-eight advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased pending final evaluations. Another 202 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for the other programs. Colorado selections evaluated in Southwestern Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials, or by growers in 2000 included ten russets (AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC87079-3, AC87084-3, AC87138-4, AC89536-5, AC90636-3, AC91014-2, AC91365-1, and CO85026-4), four reds (CO86218-2, CO89097-2, NDC5281-2, and DT6063-1R), and four chippers (AC87340-2, AC89653-3, BC0894-2, and CO92059-8). Release notices for the cultivars Keystone Russet (AC83064-1), Silverton Russet (AC83064-6) were completed in 2000. Release notices are in preparation for Cherry Red (DT6063-1R), Fremont Russet (CO85026-4), and Durango Red (CO86218-2). BC0894-2, a chipper with international export potential, will be recommended for release and naming in 2001. Plant Variety Protection is pending for Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8.

Impacts
A primary emphasis of the potato breeding program has been the development of "low input" cultivars. Several cultivars released by this project require less nitrogen and fungicide input. Other ongoing efforts aimed at developing cultivars resistant to late blight, viruses, tuber dry rot, and bacterial soft rot will also help assure that the potato industry will be competitive and productive. It is estimated that the value of the 1999 fall potato crop in Colorado was increased by $10-12 million due to improved yield and quality associated with new potato cultivars and clonal selections of established cultivars.

Publications

• Holm, D. G. and F. G. Popiel. 2000. Colorado. K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1999. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD. 13 pp.
• Holm, D. G. and F. G. Popiel. 2000. 1999 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (San Luis Valley Office, Area II). 60 pp. (Unpub).
• Holm, D. G. and F. G. Popiel. 2000. Colorado advanced potato selections - 2000 data summary. 27pp. (Unpub).

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
The basic objective of the Colorado potato breeding program is to develop new potato cultivars with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Based on the current industry production profile, the primary emphasis has been placed on developing fresh and processing russets (70-80%). The balance of the breeding effort is devoted to developing chippers (5-10%), reds (10-15%), and specialty cultivars (5%). A major emphasis has been placed on incorporating late blight resistant germplasm into the breeding program in recent years. Sixty-eight parental clones were intercrossed in 1999. Seeds from 406 combinations were obtained. Approximately 35,500 seedlings tubers representing 134 families were produced from 1998 crosses for initial field selection in 2000. Second thru fourth size tubers will be distributed to Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Alberta, Canada. Approximately 79,700 first-year seedlings were grown in 1999 with 847 being selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. Some of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Another 1,074 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. Of these, 299 were saved for further observation. Twenty-five advanced selections were saved and will be increased pending final evaluations. Another 178 selections were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for the other programs. Colorado selections evaluated in Southwestern Regional Trials, Western Regional Trials or by growers in 1999 included nine russets (AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC87084-3, AC89536-5, AC90017-2, AC87079-3, AC87138-4, CO85026-4, CO89036-10), three chippers (AC87340-2, AC89653-3, and BC0894-2), and four reds (CO86218-2, CO89097-2, NDC4655-1, and DT6063-1R). Release notices for the cultivars Keystone Russet (AC83064-1), Silverton Russet (AC83064-6), and Cherry Red (DT6063-1R) are in preparation. Plant Variety Protection is pending for Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. Selections to be recommended for release and naming in 2000 are CO85026-5 (fresh market russet) and CO86218-2 (red).

Impacts
Four cultivars released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies accounted for 40% of the 1999 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Another 19% of the acreage of the 1999 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado was estimated to have been planted to Russet Norkotah Selections 3 and 8. These selections accounted for 69% of the Russet Norkotah certified seed production in Colorado

Publications

• HOLM, D. G. and F. G. POPIEL. 1999. Colorado. Pages 64-65 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1998. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• MILLER, J. C., J. W. KOYM, D. C. SCHEURING, R. E. VOSS, H. PHILLIPS, D. KIRBY, D. G. HOLM, J. D. WICK, AND A. THOMPSON. 1999. Southwest regional potato variety trial. Pages 48-55 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1998. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.
• HOLM, D. G. 1999. 1998 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee (San Luis Valley Office, Area II). 46 p. (Unpub).

Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
The basic objective of the Colorado potato breeding program is to develop new potato cultivars with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Primary emphasis is placed on developing fresh and processing russets, chippers, and reds. Increasing emphasis is being placed on developing late blight resistant germplasm and specialty cultivars. Fifty-five parental clones were intercrossed in 1998. Seeds from 375 combinations were obtained. Approximately 45,000 seedlings tubers were produced from 1997 crosses for initial field selection in 1999. Second thru fourth size tubers will be distributed to Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Alberta, Canada. Approximately 75,000 first-year seedlings were grown in 1998 with 826 being selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Colorado selections evaluated in Western Regional Trials or by growers in 1998 included seven russets (AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC87084-3, AC88042-1, AC88165-1, CO80011-5, and CO85026-4), two chippers (AC87340-2 and BC0894-2), three reds (CO86218-2, CO89097-2, and DT6063-1R), and two clonal selections (Russet Norkotah selections 3 and 8). Selections AC88042-1 and AC88165-1 will be discarded pending results from other trials. Selections AC83064-1, AC83064-6, and DT6063-1R are to be named in 1999. Plant Variety Protection has been filed for Russet Norkotah selections 3 and 8. Since 1975, there have been five potato cultivars developed by this project. They are Centennial Russet (1976), Sangre (1982), Ute Russet (1986), Russet Nugget (1988), and Chipeta (1993). Colorado also cooperated with other agencies in the naming of Gem Chip (1989), Frontier Russet (1990), Ranger Russet (1991), and Century Russet (1995). Russet Legend is in the process of being officially released. Oregon State University selected this clone from a cross of Century Russet and WNC672-2 made by the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Project. Russet Legend is a medium-late maturing, dual purpose russet. Specific gravity and french fry color of Russet Legend are superior to Russet Burbank. Four cultivars released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies accounted for 47% of the 1998 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Russet Nugget accounted for 35% of the acreage making it second in area planted. Two Colorado Russet Norkotah line selections (3 and 8) accounted for 88% of the G1-G3 Russet Norkotah seed production acreage in Colorado. These selections have greater yield potential and improved yield stability from year-to-year and require less nitrogen than the standard Russet Norkotah.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

• HOLM, D. G. 1998. 1997 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee, San Luis Valley Office Area II). 56 p.(Unpub.)
• HOLM, D. G. and WICK, J. D. 1998. Colorado. Pages 87-95 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1997. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.

Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
The basic objective of the Colorado potato breeding program is to develop new potato cultivars with increased yield, improved quality, resistance to diseases and pests, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Primary emphasis is placed on developing fresh and processing russets, chippers, and reds. Additional emphasis is being placed on developing specialty cultivars. Approximately 45,000 seedlings tubers were produced from selected 1994 and 1996 crosses for initial field selection in 1998. Second thru fourth size tubers will be distributed to Idaho, Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Alberta, Canada. Approximately 72,000 first-year seedlings were grown in 1997 with 820 being selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from breeding programs located in Idaho, Texas, and Canada. Colorado advanced numbered selections and clonal selections evaluated in Western Regional Trials or by growers in 1997 included AC78069-17, AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC87084-3, AC88357-3, BC0894-2, CO80011-5, CO81082-1, CO85026-4, CO86142-3, CO86218-2, CO87009-4, DT6063-1R, and Russet Norkotah selections 3 and 8. Selections AC78069-17 and CO81082-1 will be discarded. Selections to be named in 1998 include AC83064-6 and CO80011-5. CO80011-5 is a high yielding, medium-early maturing, fresh market potato. AC83064-6 is a high yielding, medium maturing, dual purpose (fresh and processing) selection, with wide adaptability. Since 1975, there have been five potatoes cultivars developed by this project. They are Centennial Russet (1976), Sangre (1982), Ute Russet (1986), Russet Nugget (1988), and Chipeta (1993). Colorado also cooperated with other agencies in the naming of Gemchip (1989). Frontier Russet (1990), Ranger Russet (1991) and Century Russet (1995). Four cultivars released by Colorado State University or in cooperation with other agencies accounted for 56% of the 1997 fall potato acreage planted in Colorado. Russet Nugget accounted for 39% of the acreage making it the primary cultivar grown. Two Russet Norkotah line selections (3 and 8) with increased vine vigor continue to show commercial value in several areas of the US. These selections have greater yielding ability and yield stability from year-to-year and require less nitrogen than the standard Russet Norkotah. Seed stock supplies are being rapidly increased by seed growers to meet commercial demand. In 1997, 73% of the G1-G2 Russet Norkotah seed acreage in Colorado was represented by these two selections.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

• MAGA, J. A. and HOLM, D. G. 1993. Mineral composition of the skins and interiors of raw potatoes grown at different locations. In: Food Flavors, Ingredients and Composition, G. Charalambous, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 247-251.
• HOLM, D. G. 1997. 1996 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee, San Luis Valley Office Area II). 56p. (Unpub).
• HOLM, D. G. and WICK, J. D. 1997. Colorado. Pages 50-57 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1996. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.

Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
Fifty-four parental clones were intercrossed in 1996 resulting in 339 crosses. Increased emphasis has been placed on developing germplasm with early bight, late blight and soft rot resistance. One hundred four seedling families were grown in the greenhouse producing 41,119 tubers for initial field selection in 1997. A total of 76,272 first-year seedlings were planted, with 693 being selected for further observation. Another 946 clones were in 12-hill preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. Of these, 267 were saved for further evaluation. Advanced selections (30) were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on seven russets (CO80011-5, AC78069-17, CO81082-1, CO82142-4, AC83064-1, AC83064-6, and CO85026-4). All but CO82142-4 and CO85026-4 have been recommended for naming by growers. Two clonal selections (3 and 9) of Russet Norkotah with improved vine vigor and increased yield potential continue to be increased by seed growers. These selections could have a potential annual impact of up to $15 million on the potato industry in Colorado. In 1995, three CSU cultivars represented 51.3% of the fall potato acreage grown in Colorado.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

• HOLM, D.G. 1996. 1995 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committee, San Luis Valley Office (Area II). 58p. (Unpub).
• HOLM, D. G. AND WICK, J.D. 1996. Colorado. Pages 52-60 in K. Haynes, ed. National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 1995.
• USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD.

Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
Fifty-four parental clones were intercrossed in 1995 resulting in 172 crosses. Seedling families (106)were grown in the greenhouse producing about 40,000 tubers for initial field selection in 1996. A total of 59,745 first-year seedlings were planted, with 771 being selected for further observation. Another 764 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, & intermediate stages of selection. Of these, 189 were saved for further evaluation. Advanced selections (34) were saved & will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on 10 russets (CO80011-5, AC78069-17, CO81082-1, CO82142-4, AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC83068-1, AC84487-1, CO84074-2, & CO85026-4). Naming of CO80011-5 (Crestone Russet) was delayed to 1996 because of limited seed supply. Century Russet (A74212-1E)was officially named in 1995. It is a high yielding, medium-late maturing, fresh market cultivar released jointly by the OR, ID, WA, CO, CA, & TX AES & USDA-ARS. Five clonal selections of Russet Norkotah (RN) with improved vine vigor were evaluated. Two selections (3&8)had total & US #1 yields that were significantly greater than standard RN. In 1995, 4.5 acres of Generation 1 seed stocks were produced of three RN selections. These selections could have a potential annual impact of $6.0 to $15.4 million on the potato industry of CO. In 1995, three CSU developed cultivars represented 51.3% of fall potato acreage grown in CO. Average value of 1990-1994 fall potato crop was $93.7 million.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

Outputs
Fifty-four parental clones were intercrossed in 1994 resulting in 156 crosses. Eighty-one seedling families were grown in the greenhouse producing 26,007 tubers for initial field selection in 1995. A total of 71,212 first-year seedlings were planted, with 592 being selected for further observation. Another 647 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, & intermediate stages of selection. One hundred eighty nine of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Thirty-two advanced selections were saved & will be increased. Another 210 selections were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, or other experimental purposes. Grower evaluations were conducted on nine russets (CO80011-5, AC78069-17, CO81082-1, CO82142-4, AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC83068-1, AC84487-1, and CO85026-4) & one chipper (AC83306-1). CO80011-5 will be named Crestone Russet in 1995. Century Russet (A74212-1E), a high yielding, medium-late maturing, fresh market cultivar, was named & released jointly by Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Colorado, California, & Texas Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA-ARS. Eleven clonal selections of Russet Norkotah with improved vine vigor were evaluated in comparative trials. Two selections (3 & 8) had total and US #1 yields that were significantly greater than standard Russet Norkotah. Nuclear seed stocks were released to seed growers. In 1994, three CSU developed cultivars represented 57.2% of fall potato acreage grown in Colorado. Value of 1993 fall crop in Colorado was $135.5 million.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

Outputs
Thirty-nine parental clones were intercrossed in 1993. Seventy seedling familieswere grown in the greenhouse producing 25,000 tubers for initial field selection in 1994. A total of 80,933 first-year seedlings were planted, with 467 being selected for further observation. One hundred seventy seven preliminary and intermediate clones were saved for further evaluation. Thirty-eight advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Another 218 selections were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, or other experimental purposes. Grower evaluations were conducted on eight russets (CO80011-5, AC78069-17, CO81082-1, CO82142-4, AC83064-1, AC83064-6, AC83068-1, and AC83172-1) and one chipper (AC83306-1). Selection AC83172-1 was discarded from further testing. CO80011-5 will be named in 1994 as a high yielding, medium-early maturing, fresh market potato. Release was delayed due to limited seed stocks being available for planting in 1993. Chipeta (AC80545-1), a chipping cultivar, was named and released jointly by the Colorado and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA-ARS. Eleven clonal selections of Russet Norkotah with improved vine vigor were evaluated in comparative trials. Three selections (2, 3, and 8) had total and US #1 yields that were significantly greater than standard Russet Norkotah.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

Outputs
Thirty-three parental clones were intercrossed in 1992. Seeds from 119 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse producing approximately 15,200 tubers for initial field selection in 1993. A total of 68,800 first-year seedlings were planted, with 727 being selected for further observation. Another 1,106 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. Two hundred three of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Thirty-three advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on five russets (CO80011-5, AC78069-17, CO81082-1, AC75430-1, and CO82142-4) and one chipper (AC80545-1). Selection AC75430-1 was discarded from further testing. CO80011-5 and AC80545-1 were recommended for naming in 1992 but adequate seed stocks were not available. AC80545-1 clone was selected in Colorado and will be released in early 1993 as a chipping potato jointly by the Colorado and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA-ARS. CO80011-5 will be released by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station in 1993 as a high yielding, medium-early maturing, fresh market potato. Fourteen clonal selections of Russet Norkotah were saved for comparative trials in 1993. These selections have improved vine vigor.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91

Outputs
Thirty parental clones were intercrossed in 1991. Seeds from 64 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse for initial field selection in 1992. A total of 80,300 first- year seedlings were planted, with 884 being selected for further observation. Another 1032 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. Two hundred thirty six of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Twenty-seven advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on four russets (AC78069-17, AC81198-11, CO80011-5, and CO81082-1) and one chipper (AC80545-1). Selection AC81198-11 was discarded from further testing. Growers recommended naming CO80011-5 and AC80545-1. CO80011-5 will be released by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station in late 1992 after another season of seed increase as a high yielding, medium-early maturing, fresh market potato. AC80545-1 clone was selected in Colorado and will be released in early 1992 jointly by the Colorado and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA-ARS. AC80545-1 will be released as a chipping potato. Ranger Russet (A7411-2) was released in 1991 jointly by the Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Colorado Agricultural Experiments Stations and the USDA-ARS. Ranger Russet is medium-late maturing potato with processing and fresh market qualities.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90

Outputs
Thirty-two parental clones were intercrossed in 1990. Seeds from 248 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse for initial field selection in 1991. A total of 83,250 first-year seedlings were planted, with 840 being selected for further observation. Another 942 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. Two hundred sixteen of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Twenty-six advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on two russets (AC77101-1 and CO80011-5), one chipper (AC80545-1), and one long white (BC0038-1). Clones AC77101-1 and BC0038-1 were discarded from further testing based on 1990 grower evaluations. Grower testing will continue on CO80011-5 in 1991. Growers recommended naming AC80545-1. This clone was selected in Colorado and will be released jointly by the Colorado and Idaho Agricultural Experiment Stations and the USDA-ARS. AC80545-1 will be released as a chipping potato. Frontier Russet (A74114-4) was released in 1990 jointly by the Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Colorado Agricultural Experiments Stations and the USDA-ARS. Frontier Russet was released as an early dual purpose potato with fresh market and processing qualities.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

Outputs
Thirty parental clones were intercrossed in 1989. Seeds from 122 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse for initial field selection in 1990. A total of 71,215 first-year seedlings were planted, with 781 being selected for further observation. Another 578 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. One hundred seventy-nine of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Twenty-one advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on three russets (A74212-1, AC77101-1, CO8011-5), two chippers (AC80545-1 and BR7093-24), and one long white (BC0038-1). Grower testing will continue on all clones except BR7093-24 which was named Gemchip in 1989 jointly by the Colorado, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon Experiment Stations and the USDA-ARS. Gemchip will chip from the field and storage. Frontier Russet (A74114-4) will be named in 1990 by the same cooperating agencies. Frontier Russet will be released as a dual purpose potato with fresh market and processing qualities. Twenty entries were tested in the regional trial. Top yielding selections for US #1 tubers were TXND329-1, NDTX9-1068-11R, AO82283-1, AC7869-17, and BC0038-1. Top performing clones in the regional chip trial were A80559-2, AC80545-1, AC83306-1, NDA2031-2, and ND01496-1. AC80545-1 will be named in 1990 or 1991 pending processing tests.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

Outputs
Characteristics being emphasized in the program continue to be yield, specific gravity, russeting, and fresh market/processing qualities. Thirty parental clones were intercrossed in 1988. Seeds from 155 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse for initial field selection in 1989. A total of 42,764 first-year seedlings were planted, with 484 being selected for further observation. Another 518 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. One hundred sixteen of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Twenty-four advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on three russets (A74212-1, AC79100-1, and TC582-1) and two chipping selections (AC80545-1 and BR7093-24). Grower testing will continue on A74212-1, AC80545-1, and BR7093-24 in 1989. Russet Nugget (TC582-1) was released by the Colorado and Texas Agricultural Experiment Stations. Russet Nugget is an oblong, smooth, high yielding dual purpose potato with fresh market and processing qualities. Eighteen entries were tested in the regional trial. The top five yielding selections with a high percentage of US #1 tubers were A7816-14, AC79100-1, AC80369-1, BC0038-1, and C008014-1. Top performing clones in the regional chip trial were A80559-2, AC80545-1, and BR7093-24. Three Sangre selections which are later maturing and higher yielding than the standard Sangre continue to perform well in grower trials.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

Outputs
Characteristics being emphasized in the program continue to be yield, specific gravity, russeting, and fresh market/processing qualities. Thirty parental clones were intercrossed in 1987. Seeds from 155 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse for initial selection in 1988. A total of 36,359 first-year seedlings were planted, with 357 being selected for further observation. Another 562 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. One hundred twenty-two of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Twenty-three advanced selections (18 russets, 4 chippers, and 1 long white) were saved and will be increased. Grower evaluations were conducted on 5 russet selections. Of these AC77513-1 and AC79100-1 will be evaluated again and TC582-1 will be named early in 1988. Fourteen entries were compared in WRCC-27. The top yielding advanced selections with a high percentage of US #1 tubers were A76147-2, AC79100-1, C008014-1, and NDTX9-1068-11R. Entries in the regional chip trial with better chip color than the checks (Atlantic and Norchip) were AC80545-1, CO81103-1, NDA1725-1, and W842. Seed of three Sangre selections (later maturing and higher yielding than the standard) were released to growers in 1987. Results to date indicate that a major portion of the current Sangre acreage planted may be replaced by these selections.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

Outputs
Characteristics being emphasized in the Colorado program are yield, specific gravity, russeting, and fresh market/processing qualities. Thirty parental clones were intercrossed in 1986. Seeds from 238 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse, producing 10,944 tubers for initial selection in 1987. Surplus tubers were distributed to Idaho, Oregon, Minnesota, and Texas. A total of 49,640 first-year seedlings were planted, with 452 being selected for further observation. Another 802 were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. One hundred sixty of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Eighteen advanced selections (13 russets, 4 chippers, and one long white) were saved and will be increased. Grower tests were conducted on russet selections AC77513-1, AC77652-1, TC582-1, and WNC567-1. All of these clones will be retested by growers in 1987. AC79100-1 will be initially tested by growers in 1987. Current plans are to name and release TC582-1 in late 1987 or early 1988 pending the trial results in 1987. WNC285-18 was named Ute Russet in 1986. Fourteen entries were included in the WRCC-27 trial. Top rated clones were A76147-2, A7411-2, AC79100-1, TC582-1, and A76260-16. Ten entries were included in the regional chipping trial. Top rated clones were AC80545-1, NDA1725-1, A80559-2, and A80503-1. Eighteen Sangre selections were compared for yield, grade, stand, plant height, and maturity for the third year.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85

Outputs
Thirty-one parental clones were intercrossed in 1985. Seeds from 258 combinations were obtained. Sixty seedling families were grown in the greenhouse, producing 11,795 tubers for initial selection in 1986. Surplus tubers were distributed to Idaho, Oregon and Minnesota. A total of 58,169 first-year seedlings were planted, with 672 being selected for further observation. Another 714 clones were in various stages of preliminary and intermediate testing. One hundred nineteen of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Eight advanced selections were saved and will be increased. Russet selections showing potential include: AC77513-1, AC77652-1, AC79100-1, AC79128-1, CO7916-3, TC582-1, WNC567-1, and WNC285-18. Grower tests were conducted on TC582-1 and WNC567-1. Both will be grower tested again in 1986. Additionally, AC77513-1 and AC77652-1 will be tested by growers in 1986. WNC285-18 has undergone extensive testing and will be named in late 1985. Selection AC79100-1 will be entered in the 1986 WRCC-27 trials. Colorado participated in the WRCC-27 for the eighth year. Clones A76147-2 and TC582-1 were given merit ratings of 1 and 2, respectively. Eighteen Sangre selections were compared for yield, grade, stand, vigor, plant height and maturity for the second year. Again, selections differing in each characteristic were identified. Three selections (SG-10, SG-11 and SG-14) yielded from 7.0-10.4 t/ha more than the standard.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 10/01/83 to 09/30/84

Outputs
Thirty parental clones were selected for crossing in 1984. Seeds from 305 combinations were obtained. Sixty-one seedling families were grown in the greenhouse, producing 12,632 tubers for initial selection in 1984. Surplus tubers were distributed to Idaho, Oregon and Minnesota. A total of 43,700 first-year seedlings were planted, with 585 being selected for further observation. Another 677 were in various stages of preliminary testing. One hudred forty-seven of these clones were saved for further evaluation. Nine advanced selections are being increased and evaluated. Russet selections showing fresh market potential include: AC77149-2, AC77513-1, AC77652-1, BC9668-1, TC582-1, WNC567-1, and WNC285-18. WNC285-18 has undergone extensive testing and will probably be named in early 1985. Selection AC77513-1 will be entered in the WRCC-27 trials in 1985. Two processing selections, WNC521-12 and WNC672-2, continue to be tested. Colorado participated in the WRCC-27 for a seventh year. A russet selection, A7411-2, was rated the overall best clone. Eighteen Sangre selections were compared for yield, grade, stand, vigor, plant height and maturity. Selections differing in each of these characteristics were identified. One selection, SG-11, was later maturing and yielded more than the standard.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 10/01/82 to 09/30/83

Outputs
Twenty-three parental clones were selected for crossing in 1983. Seeds from 142combinations were obtained. Seventy seedling families were grown in the greenhouse, producing approximately 11,000 tubers for initial selection in 1984. A total of 29,500 first-year seedlings were planted with 597 being selected for further observation. Another 441 clones were in various stages of preliminary testing. Eighty-four of these clones were selected for continued evaluation. Nine advanced selections are being increased and evaluated. Russet selections showing fresh market potential include AC77149-2, AC77513-1, AC77514-1, AC77652-1, TC2-1, WNC567-1, and WNC285-18. Clones AC77652-1 and TC2-1 will be entered in the WRCC-27 trials in 1984. WNC285-18 has been extensively tested and will be named and released in 1984. Two processing lines, WNC672-2 and WNC521-12, continue to show potential and are being tested in other States. Colorado participated in the WRCC-27 for a sixth year. A russet selection, A74212-1, was rated as the overall best clone in this trial for the second year because of a high yield potential, high percentage of No. 1 potatoes, a low amount of external grade defects and no hollow heart.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 10/01/81 to 09/30/82

Outputs
Twenty-two parental clones were selected for crossing in 1982 and seeds from 189crosses were obtained. Sixty-five seedling families were grown in the greenhouse, producing approximately 11,000 tubers for initial selection in 1982. A total of 28,800 first-year seedlings were planted in the field. Approximately 400 first-year seedlings were selected for further observation. Another 292 clones were in various preliminary stages of testing. Forty-six of these clones were selected for continued evaluation. Eighteen advanced seedlings are being increased and evaluated. Two processing lines, WC672-2 and WC521-12, continue to show potential and are being tested in other States. Seed of WC672-2 was released to foundation growers. A russet selection, BC9289-1, shows potential also. A red clone, AC67560-1, was released as the cultivar Sangre. Market acceptance of this clone has been excellent. Colorado participated in the WRCC-27 for a fifth year. A russet selection, A74212-1, from Idaho was rated as the overall best clone in this trial because of a high yield potential and a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 potatoes.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

Outputs
In 1981, 40,000 first year potato seedlings were grown and evaluated. Approximately 250 of the first year seedlings were saved for testing in 1982. Twenty three advanced seedlings were saved for increase and evaluation. WC521-12 and WC672-2 continue to show promise for processing as chips or french fries. Extensive testing of these lines is being conducted in several Western States. AC67560-1 has been tested since 1973 and has proven to be an outstanding red potato. This selection will be named Sangre and released in 1982. Several promising new russet selections are in the early stages of development and have not been tested sufficiently to make a final evaluation.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

Outputs
Forty thousand first-year seedlings were planted in 1980. Approximately 350 seedlings were saved for increase and further evaluation. We will have approximately 8,000 seedlings developed in our breeding program for planting in 1981. AC67560-1, the red clone we have been testing in grower trials, will be described, named and released in 1981. Chipping lines WC672-2 and WC521-12 continue to perform well for processing, but final disposition has not been determined. Some new russet lines are showing promise for fresh market use and will be tested more extensively in 1981. Most notable of these is BC9289-1.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

Outputs
With the availability of additional seedlings from potato breeding programs in Beltsville, Maryland, Idaho and Texas, the selection program was expanded in 1979 to the growing of 40,000 first year seedlings. A hybridization program was also started at the San Luis Valley Research Center and will be expanded in 1980. A red selection, AC67560-1, released to growers in 1978, continues to look promising. This selection may fill the need for a red potato to satisfy a segment of our marketing area. Two chipping selections, WC521-12 and WC672-2, are being extensively tested in several Western States. Both have produced chips comparable to or better than Norchip and Atlantic and have very high dry matter content.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

Outputs
Twenty thousand first-year seedlings were planted in 1978. Two hundred seventy seedlings are being evaluated for market and chip production adaptability. AC67560, a red clone, was extremely promising in grower plots in 1978. New chipping clones which show promise are WC672-2, WC521-12, WC686-3, WC672-9, WC612-6, WC612-13, BC9099-3, BC9103-3 and BC9102-3. These selections, in addition to producing light colored chips, have exhibited high specific gravity ranging from 1.099 to 1.118. These clones plus several russet types are being tested for adaption in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, California, Wyoming and Colorado.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

Outputs
Centennial Russet, named in 1976, has had excellent market acceptance and remuneration per unit to the grower has exceeded other commercially grown varieties. Clones WC 316-1 and A 67560 are being released to Colorado Certified Potato Growers for increase and market acceptance studies. Several new clones have been outstanding in chipping studies and are being increased for further testing and increase. Attempts to infect an outstanding russet clone, WC 230-14, with leafroll virus have not been successful, nor has ring rot been observed. Stem cuttings are being established to attempt to eliminate a seedpiece rot problem of this clone.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

Outputs
Twenty thousand first year potato seedlings were grown. Two hundred selections were made from these seedlings. From 91 advanced seedlings, 70 were selected for further evaluation. Seedling WC 285-146 was named Centennial Russet and released. Four other advanced seedlings, WC 285-18, WC 415-12, BC 8370-4 and WC316-1 are undergoing extensive testing. Seedling WC 316-1 will be released to the Certified seed growers in 1977. Thirteen advanced seedlings have shown potential as chipping varieties and are being evaluated. Of these, WC 521-12, WC 627-9, WC 661-13 and Alaska selection AK 28-8 have produced excellent chips.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

Outputs
Approximately 300 seedlings were selected from the 20,000 grown in 1975. In addition, 52 advanced seedlings were increased and evaluated for yield, quality and market potential. Four of the advanced seedlings show potential for potato chip production. Three Russet seedlings are being tested in commercial trials for fresh market consumption. Russet WC 285-146 is in the process of being released as a named variety. Trials using Mertect to improve storage and marketquality have been initiated and preliminary results are encouraging.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications