INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS - PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
611	6120	3010	25%
611	6120	3100	25%
611	6199	3010	25%
611	6199	3100	25%

Progress 07/01/69 to 06/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:International Collaborators Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided numerous training and professional development opportunities for students, staff, and faculty. Many of the grants provide funding for graduate training, and the office has hosted many international scholars for training programs such as Borlaug Fellowships, Cochran Fellowships, etc. Through the Tag Along Program, OIP provides the opportunity for first-time or inexperienced travelers to "tag along" with a faculty member on a research or other global experience. Tag Along recipients have ranged from undergrad and graduate students, extension educators, staff, and faculty. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Report have been made to funding agencies for dissemination. Additionally, we regularly suggest stories of interest for CAS publications and relevent stories are highlighted on our website and in quarterly newsletters. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Our mission is to create a globally engaged College; one that fosters a welcoming climate for international students, scholars and visitors, where the free flow of information and ideas can lead to creative and innovative solutions for the global challenges we face as a united global population. We seek to empower the next generation of global citizens and leaders by providing them with a living laboratory to explore the boundaries of their current world views. Over the past 46 years, the Office of International Programs' (OIP) reach has extended to not only the College of Agricultural Sciences and Penn State University as a whole, but also to a larger audience throughout Pennsylvania, the United States, and worldwide. The department has been instrumental in the signing of over 130 agreements (MOU/LOI/MOA/etc.) across 51 countries. In collaboration with academic departments throughout the College, we have worked hard to develop and nurture global competence among our students, faculty, and staff. In 2001, the International Programs Advisory Council (IPAC) was developed to advise and provide strategic planning support to the director of international programs in the College of Agricultural Sciences in the areas of academic, research, and extension international programs and activities. IPAC is composed of representatives from each academic unit, as well as two representatives from extension and two student representatives (one undergraduate and one graduate). Today, IPAC continues to assist the Director in identifying current and emerging trends in global agriculture, enabling us to quickly and efficiently identify strengths, opportunities, needs, and challenges for our partners, both internal and external. Two special regional initiatives, Ag2Africa and Ag2Americas, have been launched to highlight and leverage work in these regions. Since the launch of Ag2Africa five years ago, funding for project work in Africa has increased to an annual average of $920,492 up from an average of the preceding 10 years of $133,028. In 2010, the State Department selected our College to host a special Fulbright training program for 70 scholars from around the world to learn about Food Security. In 2012, our office partnered with the Center for Community and Economic Development to support the successful application and launch of the UNESCO Chair in Rural Community, Leadership and Youth Development. This chair is the first of its kind at a College of Agriculture in the United States. Modeled after the successful Ag2Africa program, Ag2Americas was launched in 2013. In that short time, the average annual funding for work in the Americas has increased to $618,510, up from a previous average of $140,026. The office provides administrative and logistical support on a number of international research grants and projects. Since 2000, we have regularly collected data on all grants with an international component in the College. Total awards to date are approaching $56M and the trend line is positive. The average annual grant income for international programs in the last five years is almost $7 million, compared with an average of $3.6 million average over the 15 year period. Moreover, the success rate of proposals running through OIP has increased to 43.8% over the past 15 years, while the success rate of proposals running through the individual academic units is at 31.4% over the same time period. This office administers complex international grants from both federal and private funding sources. A partial listing of notable projects and funding sources managed by this office includes: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP, Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP, Horticulture CRSP, Bean/Cowpea CRSP, Borlaug and Cochran Fellowships, Horticulture Innovation Lab, IPM Innovation Lab, McKnight Foundation, National Science Foundation, US Department of Education (FIPSE), US Department of Defense-National Security Education Program (NSEP), US Agency for International Development, US Department of Agriculture, and US Department of State, among others. Finally, over the past 15 years, we have emphasized global experiences for our students. Student participation in short- or long-term study abroad opportunities has skyrocketed from less than 1% to over 20%. In 2011, the office assumed management of the International Agriculture (INTAG) minor, and enrollment has tripled. To date, 77 students from over 20 different majors have now graduated with an INTAG minor. Building on the success of the undergraduate minor program, the International Agriculture and Development Dual-title Degree Program (INTAD) for graduate students was launched in 2011 and today six graduate programs in our College have joined. INTAD has a current enrollment of 25 students, and has graduated ten students since inception. As this project ends on June 30, 2015, further progress will be reported under individual faculty AES projects.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gill, T, Jones, K, Hammett, T (under review). Agricultural education and training system capacity development for sub-Saharan Africa: the role of innovATE. Journal of Communication and Development Studies.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jones, K, Williams, R, Gill, T (under review). If you study, the last thing you want to be is working under the sun: an analysis of perceptions of agricultural education and occupations in four countries. Agriculture and Human Values.

Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: International Collaborators Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Both of the IPM CRSP projects and the SANREM projects included funds for graduate training. The Borlaug Fellowships provided 2-3 months of training and development for visiting scholars, as well as follow-up instruction from US mentors. The innovATE project has provided professional development opportunities for two postdocs, one graduate student and one undergraduate student in this past year, who have worked closely with PIs in all aspects of the project. Finally, the STOPS project provided professional development opportunities for three graduate students in the College of Agricultural Sciences, who worked directly with PIs on data analysis, publication development and field collection of data in Ghana. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Reports have been made to funding agencies for dissemination What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? In the next reporting period, we will continue to conduct research and train scientists to achieve the goals of each individual project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In August 2014, we hosted Borlaug Fellow follow-up workshops in both Ghana and Ethiopia for the Borlaug Feed the Future Fellows who completed their fellowships in the US in 2013. Eight Penn State faculty/staff and ten past Fellows attended these regional workshops. In addition to the Fellows and mentors, we also welcomed various industry specialists and government officials to the workshops. IPMCRSP (IPMIL) for South Asia had a productive year. Research projects in Nepal, Bangladesh and India accomplished the goals of the work plan. We also obtained mission buy-in in Nepal and Bangladesh to fund new projects to spread the IPMCRSP technologies throughout their countries, especially in the Feed the Future districts. We held a workshop in Chitwan, Nepal on the production and use of biopesticides. This workshop was attended by IPMCRSP/IPMIL project members from several continents. IPM IL formally ended 30 September 2014. In the SANREM CRSP project, key research focused on two main objectives: 1) Identify and evaluate production practices and farming components that can be assembled into CA production systems for Bolivar, Ecuador and Tiraque, Bolivia; and 2) Validate candidate CAPS in terms of impacts on: soil health, soil retention, carbon and nutrient balances; sustained productivity; profitability; risk bearing; the environment; compatibility with household livelihood strategies; and social conditions including gender considerations. Notable findings and impacts include: 1a) Identifying components that would address crop production constraints focused on reduced tillage, increased soil cover by returning crop residues and inclusion of cover crops in the cropping cycle, and liming to improve P fertilizer efficiency; 2a) Reductions in tillage intensity resulted in decreased crop yield, primarily of crops early in the cropping cycle; 2b) Leaving crop residues and cover crops in the field substantially decreased biomass and nutrient removal relative to removing residues; 2c) Leaving crop residues in the field did not consistently improve production; 2d) Leaving crop residues in the field compensated for the yield penalty associated with reduced tillage in barley; 2e) Leaving oats/vetch residue in the field did not compensate for decreased N fertilizer application for barley production. SANREM CRSP project formally ended 30 September 2014. For the IPM CRSP in Latin America, research on the efficacy of biological control agents (Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloquefaciens) on the growth and yield of faba bean and the management of chocolate spot caused by Botrytis spp. was conducted in field and growth chamber trials in Pennsylvania. In addition to Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis fabiopsis, a species not previously reported on faba bean in Pennsylvania and the United States was confirmed as causing chocolate spot in PA through sequencing of four gene regions which were used to create four neighbor-joining trees in MEGA. Under the UILTCB project, graduate student Titus Phiri has successfully completed his program and graduated with a MS degree. This project formally ended 31 December, 2013. Faculty mentors conducted follow-up visits with Borlaug Fellows from Egypt and India. Egyptian Scholars were invited to conduct their follow-up visit in Italy as a result of political tension in Egypt; while in Italy, scholars and mentor visited University facilities as well as food processing enterprises to examine the European approach to food safety policies and protocols. The innovATE project builds capacity in agricultural education and training (AET) systems in low-income countries around the world. This year, innovATE undertook AET needs assessments in Nepal (December 2013), Cambodia (January 2014) and Nicaragua (April 2014), produced assessment reports on AET in these countries, as well as producing a country AET background assessment on Tajikistan in preparation for a needs assessment there in the near future. The STOPS project researched gaps in the sweet potato value chain in northern Ghana. In the final year of the project, one trip to Ghana was completed to assess gender aspects of the sweet potato value chain, in follow-up to the previous year’s household survey. Three extension factsheets were produced, three peer-reviewed manuscripts are in progress, and one visit to Tuskegee with project lead PIs was conducted. Final reporting on project findings based on the household survey was completed and submitted to USAID. Finally we are hosting a Borlaug LEAP scholar, Allan Bomuhangi, who arrived at Penn State in early Fall 2014 and will remain here for the semester. Mr. Bomuhangi will be working with Dr. Michael Jacobson on a project related to decision making and adaptation to climate change hazards.

Publications

Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stehouwer, R, K. Webber, R. Gallagher, S. Alvarado V. Barrera, J. Delgado and J. Alwang. 2014. Nutrient Cycling and Uptake in Conservation Agriculture Production Systems in the Andean Region. SANREM Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Webber, K., S.Alvarado Ochoa, R. Stehouwer, D. Farias. 2014. Soil-plant system response to lime and P fertilizer amendments in a Andisol in the Ecuadorean Andes. SANREM Annual Meeting, Washington, DC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Webber, K., S.Alvarado Ochoa, R. Stehouwer, D. Farias. 2013. Soil and plant response to lime and phosphorus applications in Andisols of the Andean highlands of Ecuador. Soil Science Society of America Annual Meetings, Nov. 3-6, 2013, Tampa FL. https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/meetings/download/flv/2013am/78826
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Priscila Strapasson, Delia M Pinto-Zevallos, Sulav Paudel, Edwin G Rajotte, Gary W Felton, Paulo H G Zarbin: Enhancing Plant Resistance at the Seed Stage: Low Concentrations of Methyl Jasmonate Reduce the Performance of the Leaf Miner Tuta absoluta but do not Alter the Behavior of its Predator Chrysoperla externa.. Journal of Chemical Ecology 10/2014;
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Magwedere, K. H. A. Dang, E. Mills., C. N. Cutter, E. Roberts, C. DebRoy. 2013. Incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in beef, pork, chicken, deer, boar, bison and rabbit retail meat. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 25:254-258.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Morsy, M. K. H. H. Khalaf, A. M. Sharoba, H. H.El-Tanahy, and C. N. Cutter. 2014. Incorporation of essential oils and nanoparticles in pullulan films to control foodborne pathogens on meat and poultry products. J. Food Science.79:675-684.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: International Collaborators Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Both of the IPM CRSP projects and the SANREM projects include funds for graduate training. The Borlaug Fellowships provide 2-3 months of training and development for visiting scholars. The graduate course for the HEC INTAD program includes funds for graduate student training as well as for student travel. This year's international travel course challenged graduate students to integrate knowledge gained in other classes and to develop an ability to translate and transfer this information into an international context. Finally, the innovATE project has provided professional development opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students who work closely with PIs in all aspects of the project, including background studies, conducting focus groups, and conducting in-country assessments. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Reports have been made to funding agencies for dissemination. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? In the next reporting period, we will continue to conduct research and train students to achieve the goals of each individual project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We welcomed ten new Borlaug Fellows to Penn state to begin research projects from March - May 2013. Their research interests varied from Food Science, Nutrition and Food Safety, Entrepreneurship, and Agricultural Business Management, among others. We are in the process of planning follow-up workshops in Ghana and Ethiopia for Summer 2014 to complement mentor follow-up visits at that time. IPMCRSP (IPMIL) for South Asia had a productive year. Research projects in Nepal, Bangladesh and India accomplished the goals of the work plan. We also obtained mission buy-in in Nepal and Bangladesh to fund new projects to spread the IPMCRSP technologies throughout their countries, especially in the Feed the Future districts. We held a workshop on beneficial microbes in vegetable IPM at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University in February 2013. It was attended by IPMCRSP project members from several continents. In the SANREM CRSP project, research on quinoa continued in both Ecuador and Bolivia, though researchers were asked to leave Bolivia due to political and funding considerations mid-year. In Ecuador, a training on plant beneficial microbes was held with technical and research staff at the Santa Catalina station of INIAP. This involved methods to screen bacteria for beneficial attributes such as antibiotic production, phytohormone production, hydrolytic enzyme production, and also for phosphate mobilization attributes. For the IPM CRSP in Latin America, research on plant diseases, particularly affecting quinoa, faba bean, and common bean, was conducted both in Ecuador and in Pennsylvania. Experiments were established in Pennsylvania to measure plant and pathogen responses, as well as effects to plant tissue nutrient levels for faba bean and common bean, and we have had continued training in field, and in laboratory on subjective and objective rating systems for plant responses to biological control and rotation systems. Our Higher Education Challenge (HEC) International Agriculture and Development (INTAD) grant took 10 graduate students to Dominican Republic in a course designed to emphasize analytical thinking and application of knowledge. We completed our FIPSE project with a undergraduate study tour to Brazil in March 2013 as well as one graduate and two undergraduate students conducting focused research with collaborating faculty. Under the UILTCB project, one graduate student has completed his research in Malawi and his faculty advisor made two trips to Malawi to assist him in data collection/analysis and to defend his dissertation. The student is expected to graduate in December 2013. In the NSF Spain project, four students were selected to participate in a 3-credit course and a 4 to 8 week embedded research experience, and returne dto the US with plant samples for analysis. Three Borlaug Visiting Scholars, from Egypt, India, and Vietnam, completed their programs at Penn State research labs and returned home in Fall 2012. Follow-up mentor visits are scheduled for Summer 2014. Finally, a former Borlaug mentor conducted his follow-up visit with his Indian Borlaug Fellow P. Viswanath in Summer 2013. A final report on their activities is forthcoming. A new project, innovATE, has conducted a focus group as well as scoping visits to Armenia and Cambodia. The innovATE project seeks to improve Agricultural Training and Education in developing countries around the world.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Dinakaran, D. , G. Gajendran, S. Mohankumar, G. Karthikeyan, S. Thiruvudainambi, E. I. Jonathan, R. Samiyappan, D. G. Pfeiffer, E. G. Rajotte, G. W. Norton, S. Miller, R. Muniappan. 2013 Evaluation of integrated pest and disease management module for shallots in Tamil Nadu, India - A farmers participatory approach. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 07/2013; 4(2):B1-B9.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Testen A. L., M. Jimenez-Gasco J. B. Ochoa and P. A. Backman 2013. Molecular detection of Peronospora variabilis in quinoa seeds and phylogeny of the quinoa downy mildew pathogen in South America and the United States. Phytopathology 103: Accepted in Press.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Testen, A.L., J. M. McKemy, P.A. Backman 2013. First Report of Ascochyta Leaf Spot of Quinoa Caused by Ascochyta sp. in the United States. Plant Disease 97(6):844 http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-11-12-1008-PDN
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: R.L. Melnick, B.A. Bailey, P.A.Backman. 2013. Bacterial Endophytes of Perennial Crops for Management of Plant Disease. pp 49-76 In: Bacteria in Agrobiology: Disease Management. D.K. Maheshwari Ed. Springer Books, Berlin Heidelberg.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2012 Citation: Testen, A. L. 2012. Microbial approaches to support Andean quinoa production. The Pennsylvania State University. 119 p.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Webber, Kathleen, 2013. Evaluation of the Effect of Liming on the Phosphorus Availability in Andisols. In Final preparation.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: F. P. Poveda, J. B. OCHOA, E. Morillo & P. A. Backman 2012. Pathogenicity and disease development of tree tomato anthracnose in Ecuador. Proc. APS natl. meeting Providence RI. Phytopathology 102: Supplement 4 No. 7, Poster no. 428-p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Testen, A.L., Ochoa, J.B., Plata, G.R., Backman, P.A., 2012. Incidence and detection of Peronospora variabilis in quinoa seeds and plant tissue. Phytopathology 102 S4.118. 2012 APS Annual Meeting, Providence, RI, Poster
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Webber, K, , Soraya P. Alvarado, Richard C. Stehouwer and Danny Far�as. 2013. Soil Science Society of America meetings, November, 2013.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Testen, A. and Backman P. 2013. Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics of Bacillus species Associated with Chenopodium quinoa. Poster Presentation at American Phytopathological Society annual meeting, Austin TX, August 2013.

Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During FFY 2012, we started 3 new federally funded projects, continued work on 8 projects, and finalized numerous projects. We were awarded three grants in order to host four Borlaug Fellows from Egypt, Vietnam, and India. We continued work on three existing Collaborative Research Support Project (CRSP) grants; two Integrated Pest Management (IPM) grants and one Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP projects, which continue our work in developing countries. We entered our fifth year of a grant through the US Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Secondary Education (FIPSE), which utilizes exchange programs with partner universities in the US and Brazil to develop sustainable agriculture practices and education programs. We continued a USAID Long-Term Training and Capacity Building (UILTCB) project focused on fisheries in Malawi, as well as a National Science Foundation program which train students to meet future challenges in the field of global change ecology through direct international research experience. Additionally, we entered Year 2 of a Higher Education Challenge grant which will result in a dual-title degree program for graduate students in International Agriculture and Development and entered our third and final year of a Borlaug Fellowship program focused on food safety. We concluded Borlaug Fellowship programs focused on Common Bean Breeding and Characterization of Pathogenic E-coli as well as our Horticulture CRSP exploratory grant for research collaboration in Thailand and Cambodia. Finally, we concluded a 5 year program in Serbia designed to provide training and education in pest and disease monitoring networks, databases, and risk assessment tools. PARTICIPANTS: Faculty mentors for three new Borlaug Fellowship projects include Drs. Catherine Cutter, Rama Radhakrishna, Chitrita DebRoy, and Surinder Chopra, while the concluding Borlaug Fellowship projects were lead by Drs. Chitrita DebRoy, Jonathan Lynch, Kathleen Brown, Catherine Cutter, and Edward Mills. Dr. Edwin Rajotte is the principal Investigator of the IPM CRSP South Asia project, and his graduate students Naworaj Acharya and Sulav Paudel also play key roles in the project. SANREM CRSP: Drs. Paul Backman, Beth Gugino, and Richard Stehouwer are PIs on this project, while graduate students Hilary Kessler, Anna Testen, and Katherine Webber also play roles in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America: Dr. Paul Backman is the project PI, working with graduate students Anna Testen and Hilary Kessler. The HORT CRSP project was lead by Drs. Thomas Gill and Ricky Bates. Lead faculty on the Serbia project included Dr. Edwin Rajotte and David Biddinger. The Higher Education Challenge grant is lead by Drs. Mark Brennan, Tom Gill, and Edwin Rajotte. The FIPSE project is coordinated by Drs. Consuelo de Moraes, Edwin Rajotte, Gary Felton, Mark Mescher, and Ms. Deanna Behring. Drs. Thomas Gill and Jay Stauffer are PIS on the UILTCB project in Malawi. NSF Spain: Drs. Margot and Jason Kaye. Additionally, Melanie Gilbert plays a significant role in the day-to-day coordination of many of these projects. TARGET AUDIENCES: International Collaborators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
We welcomed three new Borlaug Fellows to Penn State to begin research projects in September 2012. Their research interests vary from Food Science, Veterinary Science and Food Safety, to Extension Education. In the IPMCRSP in South Asia project, our partners in India, Nepal and Bangladesh have developed and tested several IPM packages for vegetable crops. The project has also taken on a new partner, Biocontrol Research Laboratories, a private sector firm in Bangalore, India. Working with the private sector will provide sustainability for the technologies being developed. In addition, USAID missions in Nepal and Bangladesh have provided associate awards to allow for the expansion of IPM packages throughout their countries. In the SANREM project, Bacillus species were examined for their ability to colonize quinoa and to promote quinoa growth. A subset of plant growth promoting bacteria, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria, were examined to determine if the phosphate solubilizing phenotype was specific to certain Bacillus species. Protocols for isolating and screening Bacillus isolates for plant growth promoting phenotypes were developed to allow for consistent results amongst collaborators in the United States, Ecuador and Bolivia. A Bolivian trainee, studied at PSU for 5 weeks to develop her skills in screening for plant beneficial microorganisms. For the IPM project in Latin America, three new diseases of quinoa were reported in the United States, and through the research of this project, simple, reliable methods for working with each pathogen were developed and shared with collaborators. Molecular methods to detect P. variabilis in quinoa seeds and plant tissue highlighted how quinoa seeds could potentially serve as sources of inoculum for P. variabilis. Seed-based detection methods using sequencing and PCR with specific primers were developed to detect seedborne oospores of P. variabilis. Our FIPSE project resulted in 2 interns studying at US partners for a semester to conduct research. A graduate student from Malawi completed his resident year at Penn State and has returned to Malawi to continue his research under the UILTCB project. In the NSF Spain project, the activities were primarily educational as 4 students were selected for participation in a 3-credit course and a 4 to 8-week embedded research experience, and returned to the US with plant samples for analysis. The data and samples collected in Spain will be the basis of an honor's thesis of one of the undergraduate participants and will be included in the dissertation of one of the graduate students. Collaboration between M Kaye and the spanish host F. Valladares led to the organization of a symposium at the Eco Summit meeting held in Columbus, OH in October 2012. Two PSU graduate students traveled to Russia as part of our Higher Education Challenge Grant, and one graduate student will complete her studies and become our first dual-title degree recipient in December 2012. Five PSU faculty/graduate students traveled to Vietnam, South Africa, Zambia, and India to conduct follow-up research and support with Borlaug Fellows previously hosted at Penn State.

Publications

Thangamani, P. R., P. Kuppusamy, M. F. Peeran, K. Gandhi, and T. Raguchander. 2011. Morphological and Physiological Characterization of Colletotrichum musae the causal organism of Banana Anthracnose. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7(6):743-754.
Duraisamy, R., S. Natesan, R. Muthurajan, K. Gandhi, P. Lakshmanan, N. Karuppusamy, and M. Chokkappan. 2012. Molecular Studies on the Transmission of Indian Cassava Mosaic Virus (ICMV) and Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus (SLCMV) in Cassava by Bemisia tabaci and Cloning of ICMV and SLCMV Replicase Gene from Cassava. Mol. Biotechnol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-012-9503-1. 03 February 2012.
Abida, P. S., S. Mohankumar, and P. Yasodha. 2011. Cross species microsatellite marker amplification in Solanumlycopersicon Mill. Int. J. Trop. Agr. 29(1-2):139-143.
Ramakrishnan, S. and S. P. Deepa. 2011. Management of nematode fungal disease complex of medicinal coleus using Trichoderma viride. Indian Journal of Nematology 41(2):160-162.
Sharmila, R., S. Ramakrishnan, S. P. Deepa, and I. Cannayane. 2011. Effect of flyash on soil biota. Indian Journal of Nematology 41(2):222-223.
Deepa, S. P., S. Subramanian, and S. Ramakrishnan. 2011. Biomanagement of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb onlemon, Citrus limonia L. Journal of Biopesticides 4(2):205-207.
Sharmila, R., S. Kumar, and S. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Parasitizing ability of Pasteuria penetrans on phytonematodes. Journal of Biopesticides 5(supplementary):33-35.
Praneetha, S., V. Rajashree, and L. Pugalendhi. 2012. Association of Characters on Yield and shoot and fruit resistance in brinjal (Solanum melongena). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 2(4):574-577.
Prabhu, M., S. Natarajan, and L. Pugalendhi. 2011. Mean performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) intespecific progenies. Indian J. Agric. Res. 45(3): 249-252.
Thangamani, C., L. Pugalendhi, and T. Sumathi. 2011. Screening of bitter gourd hybrids and parents for resistance to cucumber mosaic disease under natural conditions. PlantArchives 11(2):765-767.
Ramakrishnan, S., S. P. Deepa, B. Preetha, S. Mohankumar, G. Karthikeyan, and C. Durairaj. 2012. Integrated Pest Management in Brinjal. IV National symposium on plant protection in Horticultural crops. IIHR, Bangalaru. April 2012. p.90
Balakrishnan, N., R. Aravintharaj, B. Preetha, and S. Mohankumar. 2012. Survey and detection of Peanut bud necrosis virus through RT-PCR in tomato from different locations of Tamil Nadu. IV National symposium on plant protection in Horticultural crops. IIHR, Bangalaru. April 2012. p.77.
Mohankumar, S., B. Preetha, S. P. Deepa, G. Karthikeyan, C. Durairaj, and S. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Farmer participatory approach for development of Integrated Pest Managementpackage in Okra. IV National symposium on plant protection in Horticultural crops. IIHR, Bangalaru. April 2012. p.144.
Durairaj, C., R. Rajeshkumar, G. Ravi, and S. Sambathkumar. 2012. Sex pheromone polymorphism of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Leucinides orbonalis Guenee and response of different age groups of male moths to their respective pheromone blends. Second International Symposium of Biopesticides and Ecotoxocological Network (ISBioPEN), Dept. Of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Thailand. 24-26 Sep., 2012. p.115.
Pugalendhi, L., S. Mohankumar, B. K. Savitha, and R. Aravintharaj. 2012. Field screening of chilli (Capsicum annuum l.) entries against thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis). 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium. Memphis, Tennessee. 27-29 March, 2012. p125.
Gandhi, K., S. K. Manoranjitham, S. Mohankumar, R. Samiyappan, E. I. Jonathan, G. Chandrasekar, and N. A. Rayapati. 2012. IPM strategies for the management of Peanut bud necrosis virus disease in tomato. 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: IPM on the World Stage. Memphis, TN, USA. 27-29 March 2012. p132.
Rayapati, N. and G. Karthikeyan. 2012. An integrated approach for managing Peanut bud necrosis virus disease in tomato in India. 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: IPM on the World Stage. Memphis, Tennessee, USA. 27-29 March 2012. p45.
Rayapati, N., P. Sudarsana, A. Olufemi, G. Karthikeyan, K. Manoranjitham, T. Damayanti, and S. Hidayat. 2012. DNA barcoding of plant viruses using FTA Classic Card Technology. 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: IPM on the World Stage. Memphis, Tennessee, USA. 27-29 March 2012. p128.
Gajendran, G., D. Dinakaran, S. M, Kumar, G. Karthikeyan, C. Durairaj, S. Ramakrishnan, E. I. Jonathan, R. Samiyappan, and V. Jayabal. 2012. IPM packages for vegetable crops in India. 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: IPM on the World Stage. Memphis, Tennessee, USA. 27-29 March 2012. p44.
Dinakaran, D., G. Gajendran, S. Mohankumar, G. Karthikeyan, S. Thiruvudainambi, E. I. Jonathan, R. Samiyappan, and V. Jayabal. 2012. Popularization of integrated pest and disease management module for onion in India. 7th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium: IPM on the World Stage. Memphis, Tennessee, USA. 27-29 March 2012. p111.
Deepa, S. P., S. Ramakrishnan, S. Mohankumar, and G. Karthikeyan. 2012. Integrated Pest Management in vegetables. National symposium "Nematodes: A challenge under changing climate and Agricultural practices". Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 16-18 Nov, 2011. pp. 72.
Sharmila, R., S. Ramakrishnan, S. P. Deepa, and I. Cannayane. 2011. Influence of flyash on Meloidogyne incognita. National symposium "Nematodes: A challenge under changing climate and Agricultural practices". Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 16-18 Nov, 2011. pp.95.
Senthilkumar, T., S. Ramakrishnan, and E. I. Jonathan. 2011. Studies on isolation and effect of glomalin on biological variation of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. National symposium "Nematodes: A challenge under changing climate and Agricultural practices". Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. 16-18 Nov, 2011. pp.112-113.
Dinakaran, D., G. Gajendran. S. Mohankumar, G. Karthikeyan, S. Thiruvudainambi, E. I. Jonathan, R. Samiyappan, and V. Jayabal. 2012. Popularization of Integrated pest and disease management module for onion in India. 7th International Integrated Pest Management symposium. Memphis, Tennessee. 27-29 March, 2012. P.111.
Durairaj, C., J. Rajesh kumar, S. Mohankumar, A. R. Prasad, G. Gajendran, D. Pfeiffer, S. Karupusamy, and E. I. Jonathan. 2012. Monitoring of Leucinodes orbonalis and Plutella xylostella in india. 7th International Integrated Pest Management. Memphis, Tennessee. 27-29 March, 2012. P.56.
Melnick, R. L., A. L. Testen, A. M. Poleatewich, P. A. Backman, and B. A. Bailey. 2012. Detection and expression of enterotoxin genes in endophytic strains of Bacillus cereus. Lett Appl Microbiol 54(5):468-474.
Poleatewich, A. M., P. A. Backman, and H. K. Ngugi. 2012. Bacillus spp. as potential biocontrol agents and the effects of application timing on suppression of pre- and postharvest diseases of apples. Plant Disease 96:211-220.
Testen, A. L., J. M. McKemy, and P. A. Backman. 2012. First Report of Passalora Leaf Spot of Quinoa Caused by Passalora dubia in the United States. Plant Disease http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-05-12-0472-PDN. (In Press).
Gajendran, G., D. Dinakaran, K. Senthamizh, S. Mohankumar, G. Karthikeyan, V. Jayabal, P. Kalaiselvan, and B. Saravanan. 2012. Integrated pest management in vegetable crops. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University publication 170p.
Vetrivelkalai, P., T. Senthilkumar, I. Cannayane, R. Sundaram, and S. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Nematode management in hill crops. Sri Sakthi Promotional Litho Process (ISBN No. 819203004-0). 48 p.
Ramakrishnan, S. 2012. Nematology (Eds). S. Ramakrishnan, M. Sivakumar and E. I. Jonathan. Open and Distance Learning Unit, TNAU. CBE Publishers. 84 p.
Cannayane, I. and S. Ramakrishnan. 2012. Training manual on diagnosis and management of phytonematodes. TNAU. CBE Publishers (ISBN No. 879-81-920300-2-9). 77p.
Alice, D., G. Karthikeyan, and S. K. Manoranjitham. 2012. A practical manual cum record Fundamentals of Plant Pathology and Disease Management. TNAU. CBE Publishers. 53p.
Savitha, B. K., P. Paramaguru, and L. Pugalendhi. 2012. Standardization of fertigation in onion (Allium cepa L.) Lambert Academic Publishing Agency. USA. ISBN:978-3-8473-3268-8.
Mohankumar, S., N. Balakrishnan, and R. Samiyappan. 2012. Biotechnological and Molecular Approaches in the Management of Pests and Diseases of Crop Plants In: Integrated Pest Management: Principles and Practice. Eds. D. P.Abrol and Uma Shankar. CABI publishers, UK. pp.92-118.
Srimathi, P., G. Sasthri, V. A. Sathyamurthy, and L. Pugalendhi. 2011. Seed treatment in Vegetable Crops. In: Fundamentals of Vegetable production. Ed; M.K.Rana, NIPA New Delhi. pp:197-254.
Olufemi, J. A., M. A. Rwahnih, G. Karthikeyan, S. Poojari, M. Fuchs, A. Rowhani, and N. Rayapati. 2011. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 occurs as genetically diverse populations. Phytopathology 101:1446-1456.
Senthil, R., K. Prabakar, L. Rajendran, and G. Karthikeyan. 2011. Efficacy of different biological control agents against major postharvest pathogens of grapes under room temperature storage conditions. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 50:1-10.
Rajendran, L., R. Ramjegathesh, V. Shanthiyaa, T. Raguchander, G. Karthikeyan, and R. Samiyappan. 2012. Biocontrol potential and mode of action of the strains EPC 5 and EPC 8 of endophytic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis. Indian Phytopath. 65(2):122-127.
Sumathi, P., A. R. Muthiah, P. Veerabadhiran, K. Thiyagarajan, T. S. Raveendran, B. Selvi, G. Karthikeyan, and P. Santhi. 2012. New High Yielding Short Duration Pearl Millet Hybrid: TNAUCumbu Hybrid CO 9. Madras Agric. J. 99(1-3):P:14-17.
Gomez, S. M., T. Ramasubramanian, and S. Mohankumar. 2011. Potential RAPD markers for population studies in tree legumes. Pak. J. Bot. 43(4):1879-1883.

Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During FFY 2011, we continued work on three existing Collaborative Research Suport Project (CRSP) grants; two Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and one Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Manaement (SANREM) CRPS projects, which continue our work in developing countries. Additionally, we were awarded a one-year Horticulture CRSP exploratory grant for research collaboration in Thailand and Cambodia. We continue to work with the USDA's Cochran Exchange program to bring agriculturists to Penn State from around the world. In other projects, we entered Year 5 of a program in Serbia designed to provide training and education in pest and disease monitoring networks, databases, and risk assessment tools. We entered Year 4 of a grant with the US Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Secondary Education (FIPSE), which creates exchange programs with partner universities in Brazil in developing sustainable agricultural practices and education programs. We were awarded USDA Borlaug Fellowship grants focusing on Food Safety, Common Bean Breeding, and Characterization of Pathogenic E-Coli. We began a new project, funded by the National Science Foundation, which encourages research collaboration and student exchanges with a university in Spain. Another new project, a Higher Education Challenge grant, was awarded recently; this grant will result in a dual-title degree program for graduate students in International Agriculture and Development. Finally, we were awarded funding from USAID's Initiative for Long-Term Training and Capacity Building (UILTCB) program to host a graduate student from Malawi in Wildlife and Fisheries Science. PARTICIPANTS: IPM CRSP South Asia: Dr. Edwin Rajotte was the Principal Investigator of this project. His graduate students, Rajwinder Singh, Naworaj Acharya, and Sulav Paudel, will also play key roles in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America: Drs. Paul Backman and Beth Gugino are PIs on this project. SANREM CRSP: Drs. Paul Backman, Beth Gugino, and Richard Stehouwer are PIs on this project. Graduate students Hilary Kessler and Anna Testen also play roles in the project. Cochrans Fellows Program: Dr. Jud Michael was the principal investigator for this project. UILTCB: Drs. Thomas Gill and Jay Stauffer are PIs on this project. Horticulture CRSP: Drs. Thomas Gill and Ricky Bates coordinated this project. NSF Spain project is lead by Drs. Margot and Jason Kaye. The Borlaug programs were led by PIs Drs. Chobi DebRoy, Jonathan Lynch, Kathleen Brown, Catherine Cutter, and Ed Mills. The Higher Education Challenge grant is led by Drs. Thomas Bruening, Edwin Rajotte and Thomas Gill. Finally, the FIPSE project is coordinated by Drs. Consuelo de Moraes, Edwin Rajotte, Gary Felton, Mark Mescher, and Ms. Deanna Behring. Additionally, Melanie Gilbert has played a significant role in the day-to-day coordination of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: International Collaborators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
During the past year, the SANREM and IPM CRSP projects in Latin America conducted the first field experiments in PA on faba bean, common bean and quinoa, and these trials were evaluated for plant growth, root colonization, effects on symbionts (Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizae), levels of disease, and a broad spectrum of nutrient levels in foliage. Data is still being developed, since harvest has just begun and will continue into October. The IPMCRSP for the South Asia Region continued IPM research and implementation in India, Nepal and Bangladesh. IPM packages were developed and tested for several vegetable crops, and pesticide and cost reductions of up to 60% were documented. In addition, a workshop on insect transmitted viruses was held in Coimbatore, India and was attended by scientists from all over Asia. The Horticulture CRSP exploratory program in Thailand resulted in: 1)effective linking of an innovative seed bank, local farmers and non-commercial seed traders, with developing markets, supported by accessible information made available through a local outreach network, 2)identification of key seed traders and farmers functioning within targeted regions of high species diversity, 3)inventories of important indigenous crop species and documentation of specific indigenous knowledge surrounding the culture of key crops, and 4) expanded exchange and distribution of locally adapted underutilized species. Through the Cochran exchange program, we hosted five Fellows from Egypt, addressing Hardwood Grading, Standards, and Utilization. We welcomed one graduate student from Malawi for training in Wildlife and Fisheries Science. Our NSF Spain program sent 2 faculty and 4 students to Spain in May 2011 for three weeks of research at our collaborating university. We anticipate another four students will travel in the coming year. We welcomed three Borlaug Fellows; one from Vietnam studying Characterization of Pathogenic E-Coli, one from Namibia studying Food Safety, and one from Zambia studying Common Bean Breeding. Our FIPSE project resulted in 6 student interns studying at US locations - Penn State and Univ. of California, Davis - for a semester to conduct research. Additionally, 10 undergraduate students from Penn State participated in a study tour to partner universities in Brazil over Spring Break 2010. Two students conducted research at a Brazilian partner University.

Publications

Testen, A. L., J. M. McKemy, and P. A. Backman. 2011. First Report of Quinoa Downy Mildew Caused by Peonospora variablis in the United States. Plant Dis. (Accepted for Publication).
Melnick, R. L., C. Suarez, B. A. Bailey, and P. A. Backman. 2011. Isolation of endophytic endospore-forming bacteria from Theobroma cacao as potential biological control agents of cacao diseases. Biological Control 57:236-245.
Polatewitch, A. M., H. K. Ngugi and P. A. Backman. 2011. Assessment of application timing of Bacillus spp. to suppress pre- and postharvest diseases of apple. Plant Dis. (In Press).
Plata, G., P. A. Backman, and A. M. Poleatewich. 2011. Evaluacion de bacterias endofitas para el control de enfermedades foliares en haba. Revista Agricultura (In Review).
G. Plata, P. A. Backman, and A. M. Poleatewich. 2011. Evaluacion de bacterias endofitas para el control de enfermedades de importancia economica en papa. Revista Agricultura (In Review).
Melnick, R. L., A. M. Poleatewich, P. A. Backman, and B. A. Bailey. 2011. Detection and expression of enterotoxin genes in plant-associated strains of Bacillus cereus. J. Applied Microbiology (In Review).
Singh, R., A. L. Levitt, E. G. Rajotte, E. C. Holmes, N. Ostiguy, D. vanEngelsdorp, W. I. Lipkin, C. W. dePamphilis, A. L. Toth, and D. L. Cox-Foster. 2010. RNA Viruses in Hymenopteran Pollinators: Evidence ofInter-Taxa Virus Transmission via Pollen and Potential Impact on Non-Apis Hymenopteran Species. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14357
Zaman, F. U., D. D. Calvin, E. G. Rajotte, and D. V. Sumerford. 2010. Can a specialist parasitoid, Macorcentrus cingulum, (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), influence the ecotype structure of its preferred host, Ostrinia nubilalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 103(2):249-56.

Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During FFY 2010, we were awarded three new Collaborative Research Support Project (CRSP) grants; two Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and one Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP projects, which will continue our work in developing countries. We continue to work with the USDA's Cochran and Scientific Exchange programs to bring agriculturists to Penn State from around the world. In other projects, we entered Year 4 of a program in Serbia designed to provide training and education in pest and disease monitoring networks, databases, and risk assessment tools. We entered Year Three of a grant with the Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Secondary Education (FIPSE), which creates exchange programs with partner universities in Brazil in developing sustainable agricultural practices and education programs. We completed a Borlaug LEAP project for research evaluation of Nutribusiness initiatives in Kenya. Finally, we were awarded a Borlaug Fellowship focusing on Risk Assessment and Risk Management in Fresh Product Production and Packaging Environments in India. PARTICIPANTS: IPM CRSP South Asia: Dr. Edwin Rajotte was the Principal Investigator of this project. His graduate students, Rajwinder Singh and Naworaj Acharya, will also play key roles in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America: Drs. Paul Backman and Beth Gugino are PIs on this project. SANREM CRSP: Drs. Paul Backman, Beth Gugino, Richard Stehouwer, and Robert Gallagher are PIs on this project. Cochran Fellows Programs: Drs. H. Lou Moore and James Dunn were PIs on these projects. In Serbia, Drs. Shelby Fleischer, Douglas Miller, and Stephen Crawford have coordinated this project. The USDA Borlaug program was coordinated by Drs. Naveen Chikthimmah and Luke LaBorde. Finally, the FIPSE project is coordinated by Dr. Consuelo de Moraes, Deanna Behring, Edwin Rajotte, Gary Felton, and Mark Mescher. Additionally, Melanie Gilbert has played a significant role in the day-to-day coordination of this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: International Collaborators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
During the past year, the South Asia Region of IPMCRSP established IPM package research and demonstration projects in Nepal, Bangladesh and India. Projects focussed on key pests of vegetables. In addition, an international workshop on plant virus management was held at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The Penn State entomology department admitted an Nepali student to its Ph.D program. In the SANREM CRSP, efforts were directed to understanding of the adversities affecting crops grown in a quinoa-faba-pasture cropping system in the high mountain valleys and Altiplano of Bolivia. Some pathogens have been collected, as well as some endophytes, and root symbionts. Collaborators in Bolivia have isolated phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and additional pathogens. Visits were made to Bolivia to develop preliminary plans, and to collaboratively develop the first plantings of three cropping system CA trials. Sampling procedures were developed to secure benchmark soil samples. In other projects, our work in Serbia continues to yield significant results expanding on the results reports in FFY 2009. Through the Cochran exchange programs, we hosted 10 agriculturalists from Ukraine and Bulgaria, addressing Agricultural Marketing and Policy issues. Our FIPSE project has resulted in 4 student interns studying at US locations - Penn State and Univ. of California, Davis - for a semester to conduct research. Additionally, 5 undergraduate students from Penn State participated in a study tour to partner universities in Brazil over Spring Break 2009. One graduate student conducted thesis research at a Brazilian partner university. Finally, in the USDA Borlaug program focused on India, a study of longitudinal transfer of pathogens in food production environments was conducted and researchers were able to isolate strains of Listeria monocytogenes different from those reported from those isolated from other food production environments such as the meat or dairy industry. The broad outlines of this study can be applied to the pathogens of concern in other countries in the food production environments.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During FFY 2009, we continued to work with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects -- the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP. Both of these projects ended in September, 2009. We continue to work with the USDA's and Cochran and Scientific Exchange programs to bring agriculturists to Penn State from around the world. In other current projects, we entered Year 3 of a program in Serbia designed to provide training and education in pest and disease monitoring networks, databases, and risk assessment tools. We entered Year two of a grant with the Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Secondary Education (FIPSE), which creates exchange programs with partner universities in Brazil in developing sustainable agricultural practices and education programs. Finally, we were awarded a Borlaug LEAP project for research evaluation of Nutribusiness initiatives in Kenya. PARTICIPANTS: IPM CRSP South Asia: Dr. Edwin Rajotte was the Principal Investigator (PI) of this project. His graduate student, Rajwinder Singh, also played a key role in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America/Caribbean: Drs. Paul Backman, Shelby Fleischer, Mark Guiltinan and Siela Maximova were PIs on this project and conducted the bulk of the research. Dr. Backman's graduate student, Rachel Melnick, also played a key research role. SANREM CRSP: Dr. Paul Backman was the PI on this project. His graduate student, Anissa Poleatewich, was also very involved. Cochran Fellows Program: Dr. Michael Jacobson organized visits, arranged programs, and contacted cooperating companies involved in the project. In Serbia, Drs. Shelby Fleischer, Douglas Miller, and Stephen Crawford have coordinated this project. They have traveled to Serbia to conduct research there. For the USDA Scientific Exchange program, Drs. Dennis Calvin, David Mortensen, and Edwin Rajotte coordinated the program for the delegation interested in Agriculture Bio-control & Extension. TARGET AUDIENCES: International Collaborators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Outcomes of our work on the IPM CRSP incluced the following: 1) Several insect, mite, disease and weed management experiments were completed in Nepal, Bangladesh and India in various vegetable species as part of an on-going USAID funded project. 2) New IPM procedures were incorporated into farmer education programs. 3) Education programs were delivered by government scientists, extension personnel and trainers hired by non-governmental organizations. 4) Impact evaluation of IPM innovations documented pesticide reductions, yield and profit increases. Our work on the Serbia project has also yielded significant results. Through on-site training and planning, we have developed a team that encompass pest management specialists, IT specialists with programming skills, and the private sector associated with both agricultural crop consulting and IT programming; we also provided training in resistance and its management for both insects and pathogens. The media that publishes to the agricultural sector in Serbia has picked up on this effort. Implementation is emerging as modules in several areas, including monitoring lepidopterans associated with grains and aphids that vector virus in potatoes, and disease modules in potatoes and wheat. We are working to build additional components, and connect them through a website, as well as work on validation trials. Through the Cochran and Scientific Exchange programs, we hosted 11 agriculturists from China and Africa this year, addressing Agricultural Bio-control & Extension as well as Extension and Rural Development.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During FFY 2008, we continued to work with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects -- the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP. We continue to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union. In other current projects, we entered Year 2 of a program in Serbia designed to provide training and education in pest and disease monitoring networks, databases, and risk assessment tools. We entered our third, and final year, of a project focusing on increasing organic and bio-waste recovery and recycling. Due to the success of our Borlaug Women in Science fellowships from FFY 2007, we were awarded follow-on funding for additional activities with Fellows from Africa, as well as with a Russian scientist. In terms of new projects, we were awarded a grant with the Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement for Secondary Education (FIPSE) to create an exchange with partner universities in Brazil in developing sustainable agricultural practices and educational programs. Finally, we conducted a short-term program for Indian Agricultural officials to tour Pennsylvania's fresh products industries. PARTICIPANTS: Dr. Edwin Rajotte was the Principal Investigator (PI) of this project. His graduate student, Rajwinder Singh, also played a key role in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America/Caribbean: Drs. Paul Backman, Shelby Fleischer, Mark Guiltinan and Siela Maximova were PIs on this project and conducted the buld of the research. SANREM CRSP: Dr. Paul Backman and Dr. Jonathan Lynch were PIs on this project and conducted the research, along with their graduate students. Cochran Fellows programs: PIs Drs. Lou Moore and James Dunn organized the visits, arranged programs, and contacted cooperating companies involved in the project. USDA Organic Waste Recycling: Drs. Richard Stehouwer and Robert Graves continued work on this project. Borlaug Women in Science: Dr. Michael Jacobson conducted a follow-up visit to his mentee in Uganda. In Serbia, Drs. Shelby Fleischer, Douglas Miller, and Stephen Crawford have coordinated this project. They have traveled to Serbia to conduct research there. USDA Indian Study Tour: Drs. Bhushan Jayarao and Ramaswamy Anantheswaran hosted the delegation from India. Mrs. Deanna Behring was the lead PI on all of the above projects and provided overall logistical guidance. TARGET AUDIENCES: International collaborators PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Our work on the SANREM CRSP included three foci: 1) we identified management and land use factors related to soil C retention and soil erosion in high altitude cropping systems of Ecuador. This is important in guiding technology development and land use policies for sustainable agricultural productivity in the region. 2) We discovered that the traditional intercropping system of maize, bean, and squash is more productive in infertile soil than is comparable monoculture cultivation. A manuscript describing the soil C study is in preparation. 3) Establishment of field trials to evaluate alternative disease control strategies in Bolivia. In the Integrated Pest Management program, we continue to have success in reducing pesticide use and improving farm profitability, particularly in South Asia and the Latin America/Caribbean regions. Through the USDA and State Department programs, we hosted 9 visitors from former Soviet states this year, addressing challenges related to market intelligence, pricing, market and consumer trends, market strategies, consumer preferences, International agricultural trade, dairy genetics, beef and dairy nutrition, beef breeding and production, and legislation and regulation relating to agriculture. Finally, we hosted a delegation from India which was provided the opportunity to visit many of Pennsylvania's fresh products industries as well as hold discussions related to agricultural marketing, food safety and handling, and supply chain management.

Publications

Melnick, R., N. Zidack, B. Bailey, S. Maximova, M. Guiltinan, P. A. Backman. 2008. Bacterial endophytes: Bacillus spp. from annual crops as potential biological control agents of black pod rot of cacao. Biological Control 46. (2008), 46-56.

Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: During CY 2007, we continued to work with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects -- the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP, while finishing a 5 year Bean Cowpea CRSP project. We also completed a three year project in Mexico designed to help build extension capability in the area of high value horticulture crops, and a 4 year project on Sustainable Crop Protection in Agriculture (SUSPROT). We continue to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union. We completed two USDA programs; one in Armenia focusing on the rehabilitation of the Armenian State Agrarian University, and one in the Republic of Georgia focusing on Agricultural Curriculum reform. We entered the second year of a 2 year project focusing on increasing organic and bio-waste recovery and recycling. Finally, we have completed two USDA funded Borlaug African Women in Science fellowships, which enabled a total of 9 African women to spend 6 weeks conducting research at Penn State. PARTICIPANTS: IPM CRSP South Asia: Dr. Edwin Rajotte was the Principal Investigator (PI) of this project. His graduate student, Rajwinder Singh, also played a key role in the project. IPM CRSP Latin America/Caribbean: Dr. Paul Backman, Dr. Shelby Fleischer, Dr. Mark Guiltinan and Dr. Siela Maximova were the PIs on this project and conducted the bulk of research. Bean Cowpea CRSP: Dr. Jonathan Lynch and Dr. Kathleen Brown were the PIs and conducted the bulk of research for this project. SANREM CRSP: Dr. Paul Backman and Dr. Jonathan Lynch were PIs on this project and conducted the research. Cochran Fellows programs: PIs Drs. Lou Moore and James Dunn organized the visits, arranged programs, contacted cooperating companies involved in the project. Mexico TIES: Dr. William Lamont was the PI on this project. He helped coordinate student schedules and experiences while at Penn State. SUSPROT: Drs. Gary Felton, Edwin Rajotte, and Consuelo De Moraes conducted the technical aspects of this program. Mrs. Marilyn McPheron and Ms. Michelle Haagen arranged the logistics for student travel. USDA Armenia and USDA Georgia: Dr. Anatoliy Tmanov spent a 9 month assignment in Georgia with frequent travel to Armenia to work on technical aspects of these programs. USDA Organic Waste Recycling: Drs. Richard Stehouwer and Robert Graves selected program participants, organized and conducted the study tours (2), and coordinated team activities. USDA Borlaug Women in Science: Dr. Audrey Maretzki, Ms. Mary Jo Langston and Ms. Melanie Gilbert coordinated program content and logistics for the duration of the program. Faculty mentors included Dr. John Beard, Dr. Michael Jacobson, Dr. Clare Heinrichs, Dr. Rama Radhakrishna, and Dr. Joan Thomson. Mrs. Deanna Behring was the lead PI on all of the above projects and provided overall logistical guidance. TARGET AUDIENCES: International collaborators

Impacts
In the Bean Cowpea CRSP, our project ended with notable impact worldwide. Highlights include: 1) Identification of several novel root traits, including basal root whole number, root cortical aerenchyma, and adventitious rooting; 2) Several lines of bean genotypes with excellent root traits were identified and combined with lines having drought tolerance, good disease resistance and other desirable traits; 3) Analysis on the effects of P-efficient genotypes on P cycling and soil erosion over two growing seasons was completed and a 400% reduction in soil loss was observed. In the Integrated Pest Management CRSP, we continue to have success in reducing pesticide use and improving farm profitability. Through the USDA and State Department programs, we hosted 8 faculty from universities in the former Soviet states this past year, addressing challenges related to disease control, nutrition, record keeping, sire selection, milk quality, government regulations, beginning farmers, and value-added agriculture, among others. Twenty-six participants from throughout Pennsylvania traveled to Germany and Austria to study alternative organics waste management and recycling systems. The project team members have made over 50 presentations to a wide array of Pennsylvania audiences on organics recycling alternatives. In our USDA Borlaug program, 9 women from African countries including Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Uganda, and Zambia spent six weeks conducting research at Penn State and each returned to their home institution with a pre-proposal for future research collaborations. We sent 15 undergraduate students to Belgium and France to study issues relating to sustainable agriculture, and our TIES program with Mexico successfully ended with many future collaboration opportunities, especially in youth activities. Finally, our program in the Republic of Georgia was instrumental in transiting a major Georgian agricultural university to an academic credit system and the development of professional development seminars and workships, as well as Information Technology capacity development at that university. Technical assistance workshops were also provided to the State Agrarian University of Armenia.

Publications

Lynch, JP. 2007. Roots of the second green revolution. Australian Journal of Botany. 55:493-512.

Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
During CY 2006, we continued to work with developing countries on the two Collaborative Research Support Projects--the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) CRSP and the Bean Cowpea CRSP, and began work on the Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) CRSP. We completed the second year of a three-year project in Mexico to help build extension capability in the area of high value horticulture crops, and our final group of Mexican participants in this program have completed their first semester at Penn State. We continue to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union. We received a one year no-cost extension on our Sustainable Crop Protection in Agriculture (SUSPROT) grant, which encourages students to study abroad in Europe to learn and transfer knowledge relating to sustainable agriculture. We began two new USDA programs; one in Armenia focusing on the rehabilitation of the Armenian State Agrarian University, and one in the Republic of Georgia focusing on Agricultural Curriculum Reform, and completed a short term USDA project in Armenia which focused on Dairy and Livestock Farm Enterprise Development. Finally, we completed projects in the following countries: Namibia, developing new food products with local crops; South Africa, Malawi, and Zambia, improving rural livelihoods through applied agricultural research and appropriate technology development; Russia and Ukraine, encouraging undergraduate students in agricultural sciences to study less commonly taught languages and cultures; and Poland, completion of an evaluation of the Polish-American extension project.

Impacts
In the Bean Cowpea CRSP, we have had notable impact worldwide. For example, we have 1) identified bean genotypes with greater P efficiency, 2) increased understanding of physiological traits conferring P efficiency in bean, 3) identified genetic markers or QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) associated with root traits conferring P efficiency in bean, 4) assessed the impact of P-efficient bean genotypes on agroecosystem sustainability, and 5) evaluated the potential of multilines to improve yield under multiple abiotic stresses. In the Integrated Pest Management CRSP, we now have sites in Ecuador, the Caribbean, Bangladesh, India, and Nepal and have had success in reducing pesticide use and improving farm profitability. Through the USDA and State Department programs, we hosted 10 faculty and/or administrators from universities in the former Soviet states this past year. In Armenia, we provided technical assistance for Dairy and Livestock Farm Enterprise Development. We sent 9 graduate students to Western Europe to conduct research and/or build collaborations related to sustainable agriculture. Our project with the University of Guanajuato in Mexico has created opportunities for new partnerships, especially in regards to youth activities. Finally, we completed an evaluation of the Polish-American extension project.

Publications

Walk, T. C., Jaramillo, R., and Lynch, J. P. 2006. Architectural tradeoffs between adventitious and basal roots for phosphorus acquisition. Plant and Soil 279:347-366.
Ochoa, I. E., Blair, M. W., and Lynch, J. P. 2006. QTL Analysis of adventitious root formation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under contrasting phosphorus availability. Crop Science 46:1609-1621.
Beebe, S. E., Rojas-Pierce, M., Yan, X., Blair, M., Pedraza, F., Munoz, F., Tohme, J., and Lynch, J. P. 2006. Quantitative trait loci for root architecture traits correlated with phosphorus acquisition in common bean. Crop Science. 46: 413-423.

Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
During CY 2005, we continued work with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects--the Integrated Pest Management CRSP and the Bean Cowpea CRSP. We are well underway on a project in Mexico to help build extension capability in the area of high-value horticulture crops, and have begun a project in South Africa, Malawi, and Zambia that will improve rural livelihoods through applied agricultural research and appropriate technology development. We are in the final year of DOD's National Security Education Program, which encourages students in agricultural sciences to study less commonly taught languages and cultures (Russian and Ukrainian). We are also in the final year of a USAID funded project in Namibia to develop new food products with local crops. We are beginning the final year of our Sustainable Crop Protection in Agriculture (SUSPROT) grant through FIPSE, which, in conjunction with the European Union, encourages students to study abroad in Europe to learn and transfer knowledge relating to sustainable agriculture. We concluded two USDA programs in Armenia; one focusing on milk quality and component pricing, and the other on improved dairy feeding and housing, component pricing, cooperative development, animal health and genetic improvement, and forage production. We continue to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union and are conducting an evaluation of the Polish-American extension project. Finally, we completed a State Department program to help Ukraine build agribusiness outreach capability.

Impacts
In the Bean Cowpea CRSP, we have had notable impact worldwide. For example, we have 1) identified several new root traits capable of improving nutrient uptake from low fertility tropical soils, 2) identified a new trait that helps corn grow bigger root systems in drought situations, 3) developed new computer models to help understand crop adaptation to low fertility soils, 4) trained Central American and Brazilian scientists to evaluate their own crop germplasm for beneficial root traits, and 5) launched a new project to improve bean production in Mozambique. Through the USDA and State Department programs, we hosted 12 faculty and/or administrators from universities in the former Soviet states this past year. These visitors were able to learn new teaching methodology and update their curricula. In Armenia, we conducted seminars and met with the Armenian Ministry of Agriculture on milk quality and component pricing. Seminars were also conducted on improved dairy feeding and housing, animal health and genetic improvement, and forage production. Penn State faculty conducted 2 seminars in Ukraine and we sent 9 students to Russia equipped with language and cultural preparation. We conducted a summer school in Western Europe in which 13 undergraduate students traveled to universities in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium over a 4 week time period to study sustainable crop protection.

Publications

Ho, M. D., Rosas, J.C., Brown, K. M., and Lynch, J. P. 2005. Root architectural tradeoffs for water and phosphorus acquisition. Functional Plant Biology 32:737-748
Lynch, J. P., and Ho, M. D. 2005. Rhizoeconomics: carbon costs of phosphorus acquisition. Plant and Soil 269:45-56
Miller, S.A., Karim, A. N. M. R., Baltazar, A. M., Rajotte, E. G. and Norton, G. W. 2005. Developing IPM Packages in Asia. P 27-50. In Norton, G. W., E. A. Heinrichs, G. C. Luther and M. E. Irwin (eds.) 2005. Globalizing Integrated Pest Management: A participatory research process. Blackwell Publishing, Ames Iowa. 338 pp.

Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
During CY2004, we worked with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects--the Integrated Pest Management CRSP and the Bean Cowpea CRSP. We also worked in Namibia with USAID funding to develop new food products with local crops and began a second program in Mexico to help rebuild extension capacity in the area of high-value horticulture crops. We also completed our second year of DOD's National Security Education Program to encourage students in agricultural sciences to study less commonly taught languages and cultures (Russian and Ukrainian) and the second year of a State Department program to help Ukraine build agribusiness outreach capacity. Meanwhile, we continued to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union, and have new USDA funding to support a dairy marketing position in Armenia, rebuilding cooperative extension in Serbia, and conducting an evaluation of the Polish-American extension project. Finally, we completed our first year of a new Department of Education grant to exchange students with four universities in Western Europe in the area of sustainable crop protection.

Impacts
In the IPM CRSP, we have had notable impact in the reduction of pesticide application worldwide. For example: 1) Work in the Caribbean has reduced spray frequency 33% to 60%. In Bangladesh, more than 1/3 of farmers had adopted IPM practices, leading to more than a 70% increase in yield and income. Via the USDA and State Department programs, we hosted 9 faculty from universities in the former Soviet states this past year. The visiting faculty were able to learn new teaching methodology and update their curricula to teach market-oriented agricultural economics. In Serbia, we conducted seminars on farm management for field staff in cooperation with the Serbian Ministry of Agriculture and planned educational programs and multi nation workshops for 2005. Penn State faculty also conducted 4 seminars in Ukraine and we sent 9 students to Russia equipped with language and cultural preparation. We exchanged two PhD students in sustainable agriculture with Western Europe and developed a new summer school program for undergraduate students from the U.S. to travel to France, Germany, Netherlands, and Belgium.

Publications

Clarke-Harris, D. and Fleischer, S. J. 2003. Sequential sampling and biorational chemistries for lepidopteran management in vegetable amaranth in the Caribbean. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 798-204.
Maretzki, A., Seetharaman, K., Uugwanga, P., McBride, S., Haukongo, N. and Dzombar, K. 2004. Responding to the Challenges of HIV/AIDS in Rural Namibia: A NutriBusiness Approach. In Overcoming Health Disparities: Global Experiences from Partnerships between Communities, Health Services and Health Professional Schools. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by Community-Campus Partnerships for Health and The Network: Towards Unity for Health. Atlanta, GA, October 6-10. P.159.
Ho, M.D., McCannon, B.C., and Lynch, J.P. 2004. Optimization modeling of plant root architecture for water and phosphorus acquisition. Journal of Theoretical Biology 226(3):331-340.

Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
During CY2003, we worked with developing countries on two Collaborative Research Support Projects-the Integrated Pest Management CRSP (year 11) and the Bean Cowpea CRSP. We also worked in Namibia with USAID funding to develop new food products with local crops. We also implemented the first year of work under a new grant from the Department of Defense's National Security Education Program to encourage students in agricultural sciences to study less commonly taught languages and cultures, Russian and Ukrainian. Another new program sponsored by the Department of State brings faculty from Ukraine to Penn State for a semester of work to jointly build a new agribusiness outreach center in Ukraine. Meanwhile, we continued to work with the USDA's Faculty Exchange and Cochran programs to bring agriculturalists to Penn State from the states of the former Soviet Union. In Western Europe, we are working with four institution to build a Cross-Atlantic curriculum in sustainable agriculture through a program out of Department of Education.

Impacts
Via these programs, we hosted 8 faculty from universities in the former Soviet states this past Fall. The visiting faculty were able to learn new teaching methodology and update their curriculum to teach market oriented agricultural economics. Penn State faculty also conducted 3 seminars in Ukraine as part of the capacity building program. We also sent 10 students to Russian and 6 to Ukraine equipped with language and cultural preparation. In the Bean Cowpea CRSP, we entered into new collaborative relations with Zamarano in Honduras and the University of Costa Rica. In the IMP CRSP, meanwhile, the focus has been on closing out the programs in preparation for the rebidding process.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
During CY 2002, we continued work on the Integrated Pest managment Collaborative Research Project. Currently in year 10 of the program, Penn State is involved in the Jamaica, Philippines, Bagladesh, and Albania sites. We also continue work on social issues related to IPM use in Vietnam--a project that has grown out of our work with IPM CRSP in the Philippines. We also renewed our work with USDA's Cochran Fellows Program and hosted visitors from Russia, as well as a large group of visitors from around the world interested plant health and quarantine programs. The program was designed to help participants develop an understanding of various aspects of state and federal level activities related to eradication of newly occurred quarantine diseases. Twenty one participants from nine countries participated.

Impacts
Penn State is training two international students as part of the IPM CRSP--students that will return to their country to employ and promote best practices, as well as serve as future collaborators for our faculty. Penn State has helped India set up a transgenic eggplant project which will help solve insect problems via biotech solutions. The biggest impact this year has been in disseminating research results--we have made our IPM bibliographic database (with 12,000 references) available on the web, for example. We also held a field day in Bangladesh to which 2,000 farmers came. Regarding the USDA programs, Penn State has taken advantage of the fact that it has hosted more Faculty Exchange Participants and Cochran Fellows than any other university and leveraged those contacts into other international grants from the Department of State and Department of Defense.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
During CY 2001, we continued work on the Integrated Pest Management Colalborative Research Project. Currently in year 9 of the program, Penn State is involved in the Jamaica, Philippines, Bangladesh and Albania sites. As an outgrowth of the IPM CRSP, we were also awarded a grant from the International Rice Research Institute to assess social attitudes toward IPM in Vietnam. Work on this project will begin Spring 2002. In CY 2001, our work with USDA's Cochran Fellows Programs terminated as the five year contract expired. This year we hosted groups from the Baltics and from Latin America and supported work in Turkmenistan.

Impacts
Year nine marks the fourth year of the second five-year phase of the IPM CRSP. The focus is moving increasingly to biotechnology--particulary to incorporating biotech solutions into pest managment problems. In Asia, the IPM CRSP has fostered cooperation between Bangladesh and Philippines on using biotech solutions to insect problems in eggplant. In Carribean and Latin America, biotech is being used to combat a virus in peppers. Regarding the USDA programs, Penn State has hosted more Faculty Exchange scholars than any U.S. University--under the term of the contract we hosted 26 young faculty and 100 Cochran fellows. These people are returning to their home countries armed with ideas and tools to help their countries in their efforts to transition to a market economy and participate fully in the global agricultural economy.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
During CY 2000, four projects have continued into 2000 which include: 1) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project. Penn State is currently in Year 8 of this program. PSU is involved in the Jamaica, Philippines, Bangladesh and Albania sites; 2) the USDA Cochran Fellows Programs and Foreign Ag Service program. Groups from Lithuania, Estonia, The Baltics, Albania, Columbia, Hungary and Armenia participated in the program; 3) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural Univesity. Currently providing a graduate assistantship for student in Agricultural & Extension Education; 4) the Office of International Agriculture was also involved in hosting an India delegation in the IPM area under the auspices of FAO.

Impacts
1) Year 8 marks the 3rd year of the 2nd 5-year phase of the IPM CRSP. The research has moved away from some of the more mature sight and in support of scaling up the newest sites. The research is more devoted to developing globalization activities as well. Our work in the countries has led to the development of alternative management strategies against pests affecting rice and vegetable crops, leading to a reduction in cost and hazards caused by insecticide applications. Our work in the Philippines has led to a new relationship between PSU and IRRI, and new projects developing in Vietnam. 2) Penn State has participated in the USDA Cochran Fellows and Faculty Exchange Programs for 5 years and boasts hosting more FEP scholars than any US university. Program participants help advance the market economy in their countries by improving the quantity and quality of academic and adult programs in agricultural economics and marketing, agribusiness, and agrarian law. Most of the former FEP scholars that attended PSU are active in the development of extension programs at their universities. USDA has asked PSU to renew its 5 year contract in support of these programs. 3) As part of the agreement with Ukrainian State Agricultural University, a group of students will be traveling to Ukraine, March 1-10. This 1st student exchange will lead to new opportunities for student linkages with Ukrainian universities. 4) FAO has been pleased with support from PSU in the area of Integrated Pest Management and has asked to send a 3rd delegation of fellows to participate and learn from our experts.

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
During CY 1999, four projects have continued into CY 1999 which include: 1) the University linkage agreement with Tuskegee University and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition. This program terminated on 12/31/99; 2) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project. Penn State is currently in Year 7 of this program. PSU is involved in the Jamaica, Philippines, Bangladesh and Albania sites; 3) the USDA Cochran Fellows Program and Foreign Ag Service program. Groups from Lithuania, Estonia, The Baltics, Albania, Columbia, Hungary and Armenia participated in the program; 4) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University. Currently providing a graduate assistantship for student in Agricultural & Extension Education.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
During CY 1998, four projects have continued into CY 1998 which include: 1) the University linkage agreement with Tuskegee University and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition. This program received a one-year no-cost extension until 12/31/99; 2) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project. Penn State has been involved in the Jamaica and the Philippines sites for the past five years. Penn State is entering into Phase II of the IPM CRSP Project in which Penn State will be involved in the Bangladesh and Albania sites, along with its continued involvement in the Jamaica and Philippines sites; 3) the USDA Cochran Fellows Program and Foreign Ag Service program. Three groups from Ukraine, Armenia and The Baltics participated in the program; 4) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

No publications reported this period

Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
During CY 1996, Penn State entered into an agreement with USDA Cochran Fellows Program and Foreign Ag Service to design and conduct training programs in a variety of agricultural areas for foreign participants. Four groups from Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia participated in the program. One county agent began an eight-month assignment in Ukraine under the USDA Extension Service. A Memorandum of Understanding for an exchange program with the University of Pretoria is being developed. Support was provided for two faculty members to travel to South Africa. Four projects have continued into CY 1996 which include: 1) a University linkage agreement with Tuskegee University and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition; 2) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project with involvement in Jamaica and the Philippines; 3) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University; 4) a Poland Youth Education program; and 6) an annual contract for a Peace Corps Recruiter.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
During CY 1995, Penn State initiated training programs for two groups of Polish scientists sponsored by the USDA Cochran Fellows program. Seven faculty and county agents participated in six-month assignments in Poland and Armenia. Major travel took place to South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe to pursue possible collaboration with various universities in these areas with Penn State. Six projects have continued into CY 1995 which include: 1) a Poultry Research Project with Cairo University--this project terminated on 3/31/95; 2) a University linkage agreement with Tuskegee University and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition; 3) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project with involvement in Jamaica and the Philippines; 4) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University; 5) a Poland Youth Education program; and 6) an annual contract for a Peace Corps Recruiter.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

Outputs
During CY 1994 Penn State initiated six new training programs for individuals from Poland, Swaziland, Hungary and Albania. These individuals were sponsored by various agencies including US AID, USDA and ACDI. Our office also provided support for the visit of four Polish Ag Technical Directors to Penn State and one visiting scholar from Polands Veterinary Research Institute. Seven projects have continued into 1994 which include: 1) a Poultry Research Project with Cairo University; 2) a University Linkage agreement with Tuskegee and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition; 3) an Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research Project with involvement in Jamaica and the Philippines; 4) a general University Linkage project with the University of Swaziland (joint with Ohio State); 5) a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University; 6) a Poland Youth Education program; and 7) an annual contract for a Peace Corps Recruiter. The Application of Expert Systems Technology project with Egypts National Ag Research Division terminated in September 1994.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

Outputs
The College initiated 4 new externally funded projects and continued activities on 8 projects. New projects included: Poultry Management Training Program for Poland; Institutional Member of the world wide Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Collaborative Research Support Project (CRSP); Extension Support Program in Armenia; and Farm Management Seminar Series for Albanian Officials. Projects continuing into CY 1994 include: a University Linkage Agreement with Tuskegee and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition; a general University Linkage project with the University of Swaziland (joint with Ohio State); an application of the Expert's System technology with Egypt's National Agricultural Research Division; a Scientist Exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University; a Polish Youth Education program in Poland; a Poultry Research project with Cairo University; extensive participation in USDA's Polish Extension project; and an annual contract for a Peace Corps recruiter.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

Outputs
The College initiated 6 new externally funded projects. The new projects include: a) a university linkage agreement with Tuskegee and the University of Nairobi in the area of child nutrition; b) a general university linkage project with the University of Swaziland (joint with Ohio State); c) farm management training for individuals from Latvia and Lithuania; d) an application of the expert system technology with Egypt's National Agricultural Research Division; e) a scientist exchange program with the Ukrainian State Agricultural University; and f) a Polish Youth Education program in Poland. Continuing projects include: a) an annual contract for Peace Corps recruiter; b) a poultry research project with Cairo University; c) participation in USDA's Polish Extension project; and d) a Mexico Youth Development project.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91

Outputs
The ten-year US AID supported Swaziland project was completed as of August 20, 1991. A major contribution of the project was the twenty-eight Swazi students which successfully completed degree programs (primarily Master's programs) and returned to work in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives in Swaziland. Penn State's contribution to the Pakistan Education Project, through a subcontract with Winrock, was terminated on December 31, 1991, with the retirement of Penn State's long-term faculty member on the project. Two new externally funded projects, both in Egypt, started this year. One, funded by FAO, is on agricultural experts systems, and the other is a joint research project concerning heat stress on the immune system of poultry.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90

Outputs
The externally funded Swaziland Cropping Systems Research and Extension TrainingProject continues as a major activity. The project is in its tenth and last year. During the life of the project, significant progress has bee made in the designing, testing, and implementation of cropping systems interventions for the Swazi Nation Land farmers. Special attention has been focused on development of the research-extension linkage to help insure an efficient, research based extension service. Twenty Swazi students completed either their B.S. or M.S. degree program and returned to Swaziland to work in agricultural research and extension and eight Swazi students are currently enrolled in degree programs in the United States. In addition, a number of Swazi participants have participated in short-term training in the U.S.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

Outputs
The externally funded Swaziland Cropping Systems Research and Extension TrainingProject continues as a major activity. The project is in its seventh year. During the past year, significant progress has been made in the designing, testing, and implementation of cropping systems interventions for the Swazi Nation Land farmers. Special attention has been focused on development of an efficient extension service to help insure the research knowledge is made available to the farmer. Seventeen Swazi students completed their B.S. or M.S. degree program and returned to Swaziland to work in agricultural research and extension and seven Swazi students are currently enrolled in degree programs in the United States. In addition, a number of Swazi participants have participated in short-term training in the U.S.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

Outputs
The Swaziland Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project, which was designed in 1981 and implemented in 1982 was scheduled for completion during 1988. However, a three year extension to the project was negotiated and the project completion date for this US AID contract is now 1991. During the first six plus years of the project, the objective of a research and information section in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives fully staffed by trained Swazis has virtually been achieved. The emphasis in the remaining three years will be to move the extension service of the Ministry into an operation mode which is capable of delivering timely and relevant information to all Swazi farmers. A faculty development project with the University of Zimbabwe is on-track and schedule for completion in 1989. Also, significant progress is being made in the development of an operational agricultural information system in Pakistan in association with Winrock, International.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

Outputs
There are currently eight lon-term personnel in Swaziland assigned to the Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project. The project in the sixth year. During the past year, significant progress has been made in the designing, testing, and implementation of cropping systems in terventions for the Swazi Nation Land farmers. Fourteen Swazi students completed either their B.S. or M.S. degree program and returned to Swaziland to work in agricultural research and extension and three Swazi students are currently enrolled in degree programs in the United States. In addition, twelve Swazi participants have participated in short-term training in the U.S. Research continued on the effects of cropping systems interventions on food consumption and nutrition patterns was initiated. A final report will be available during 1988.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

Outputs
There are currently eight long-term personnel in Swaziland assigned to the Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project. The project is in the fifth year. During the past year, significant progress has been made in the designing, testing, and implementation of cropping systems interventions for the Swazi Nation Land farmers. Twelve Swazi students completed either their B.S. or M.S. degree program and returned to Swaziland to work in agricultural research and extension and five Swazi students are currently enrolled in degree programs in the United States. In addition, ten Swazi participants have participated in short-term training the in U.S. Research on the effects of cropping systems interventions on food consumption and nutrition patterns was initiated.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85

Outputs
There are currently eight long-term personnel in Swaziland assigned to the Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project. The project is in the fourth year. During the past year, significant progress has been made in the designing, testing and implementation of cropping systems interventions for the Swazi Nation Land farmers. Five Swaxi students completed either their B.S. or M.S. degree program and returned to Swaziland to work in agricultural research and extension. In addition, two Swazi participants participated in short-term training in the U.S. Research on the effects of cropping systems interventions on food consumption and nutrition patterns was initiated. Emphasis will be placed on homesteads where herbicides have been introduced in order to reduce the labor constraint associated with weeding maize.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84

Outputs
Research projects in International Agricultural Development continued to be implemented during 1984. The linkage phase of the relationship between the South China Agricultural College and Penn State was completed in 1984. Significant research activities were completed in vegetable production, poultry breeding and management and integrated pest management. Proposals for continued funding in the vegetable and poultry area are currently being considered. A Cropping Systems Project is in its third year in Swaziland. Eight faculty members are on site working with Swazi colleagues in an effort to increase the social and economic well-being of the farmers on communal land in Swaziland.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83

Outputs
International agriculture development projects continue to be designed, developed, and implemented during the period under consideration. Two major projects are in Africa. The first is a farming systems project started in April 1982 with eight long-term faculty members from Penn State and major subcontractor, Tennessee State, on post in Swaziland. The second is a joint project with Michigan State in Zimbabwe where the objective is assistance in the development of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Zimbabwe. The Office of International Agricultural Programs is continuing its work with the Academy for Educational Development and other universities in an AID funded faculty of agriculture development project at the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka. The Office is also working under a USDA/OICD funded cooperative research program with South China Agricultural College in Canton, China, with specializations in poultry management and vegetable production.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82

Outputs
Three programs continued during the period were the Agricultural University Development Program with the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka under an AID contract with the Acadamy for Educational Development, Texas A&M, and VPI; The Agricultural Education program at Egerton College in Kenya under SECID subcontracts with AID funding; and the USDA/OICD funded cooperative research program with South China Agricultural College in Canton, China, in the areas of poultry management, vegetable production, and integrated pest management. A five-year AID funded Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project was signed in March 1982 involving Penn State as prime contractor and Tennessee State as subcontractor and eight faculty members began long-term assignments in Swaziland during the period of April to September.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

Outputs
Programs continued during period were the Agricultural University Development Program with the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka under an AID contract with the Academy for Educational Development, Texas A&M, and VPI; and the cooperative research with South China Agricultural College in Canton, China, in the areas of poultry management, vegetable production, and integrated pest management. A six-week project for planning a five-year AID Cropping Systems Research and Extension Training Project was completed during May-June with assistance of Tennessee State and SECID. The Agricultural Development program subcontract with Michigan State for work in Uruguay was terminated upon completion of activity in March.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

Outputs
Programs continued during period were the Agricultural Development program in Uruguay under AID loan contract with Michigan State (prime contractor), Texas A&M, and VPI; and the Agricultural University Development program with the University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka under an AID contract with the Academy for Educational Development (prime contractor), Texas A&M, and VPI. Cooperative research with South China Agricultural College in Canton, China, was initiated with a one-year USDA/OICD grant of $37,000 in September, 1980 in the areas of poultry management, vegetable production, and integrated pest management.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

Outputs
Bahamas Agricultural Research, Training, and Development Project under AID contract terminated January 16, 1979. Agricultural Development Program in Uruguay under AID loan contract with Michigan State (prime contractor), Texas A & M, and VPI continued during period. Agricultural Education Project with National Institute of Cooperative Education (INCE) in Venezuela terminated on May 6, 1979. Agricultural University Development Program for University of Peradeniya in Sri Lanka initiated on March 31, 1970 under an AID contract with Academy for Educational Development (prime contractor), Texas A & M, and VPI.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

Outputs
Bahamas Agricultural Research, Training, and Development Project under AID Contract continued during period. Agricultural Development Program in Uruguay under AID Loan Contract with Michigan State (Prine Contractor), Texas A&M, and VPI continued during period. Agricultural Education Project with National Institute of Cooperative Education (INCE) in Venezuela initiated.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

Outputs
Bahamas Research & Development continued with beef cattle, sheep & goat production on various species and mixtures of grasses & legumes. Over a three-year period signalgrass, rhodesgrass & guineagrass have provided highest dry-matter yields for seeded grasses. Bigolta & Agrican stargrass are two of the most promising vegetatively propagated grasses. It is suggested these be established in combination with legumes such as siratro, greenleaf, desmondium or glucine. Alfalfa varieties have performed well with Mesa-Sirsa & Hayden appearing more persistant. Mixtures of alfalfa & T4464 buffelgrass & Kazungula Setaria have yielded well. Dates of planting trials continued on corn, sorghum, soybeans, pigeon peas and cassava. Vegetable trials with tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, onions, squash continued. Economic analyses of various crops and livestock enterprises continued & results are available in publications listed as a part of this report. Nine pilot farms are in operation. Ten Bahmians were enrolled for degree training at Penn State. A cooperative was started for assisting pilot farmers under the BARTAD Project and other family farmers with purchase of production inputs and custom services. A new Agricultural Development program in Uruguay was developed with Michigan State as prime contractor & VPI, Texas A&M and Penn State as sub-contractors.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

Outputs
Uruguay-Agricultural Production & Marketing Program on Vegetables & Fruits completed in April. Vegetable research with variety selection, spacing, virus &pest identification & control, weed control & fertilization on onions, lentils, potatoes, peppers & tomatoes summarized & arrangements made for continuation of research. Fruit research on insect & disease control, production & marketing practices for apples & peaches completed & final reports written. Early warningsystem for apple scab initiated. Information system developed for getting Experiment Station results to fruit & vegetable producers. Bahamas-Research continued with beef cattle, sheep & goat production on various types of pastures& under different land clearing & preparation methods. Supplemental feeding of hay & silage for beef animals is being studied. Pasture forage studies continued with Mex-Son R Alfalfa for legumes, Hermathra & Bracharia for vegetatively propogated plantings & Signal Grass & Paspalun providing best yields to-date. Dates of planting & fertility levels were tested on corn, soybeans, sorghums, pigeon peas & cassava with many varieties eliminated in the process. Date of planting trials continue on tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, onions, squash & numerous other vegetables. Economic analysis of various alternatives for satellite farms continues & farm record system initiated. A training class for farmers of three months duration was conducted.Nine Bahamian

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

Outputs
Uruguay-Development Planning & Administration Project completed. Production coefficients and linear programming models completed for major livestock and crop areas in Uruguay. Macro-economic model for agricultural sector being developed by AID participant at Eecas A&M. Uruguay-Agricultural Production & Marketing Project continued. Vegetable research emphasized variety selection, spacing, pest control & fertilization levels for onions, lentils, potatoes, tomatoes & a few other vegetable crops. Plant protection activity included identification of pests & viruses on vegetable & fruit crops, use of insecticides on vegetables seed improvement procedures, a scab alarm system for apple producers, Pomologists continued work with post-harvest treatments for rots on peaches & apples, orchard management practices, fertilization & variety trials. Bahamas - continued research with production of beef cattle, sheep, goats with various types pastures and land preparation. Research continued on varieties, irrigation, and fertilization for selected tropical legumes and grasses (vegetatively propogated and seeded). Dates of planting and fertility levels tested on selected varieties of corn, sorghum, soybeans, rice and pigeon peas. Work initiated on vegetables and tropical fruits. Economic analyses of enterprise alternatives for demonstration farms continued. Four demonstration farms partially developed and farmers trained and selected. Four Bahamians enrolled for training at Penn State.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/74 to 12/30/74

Outputs
The Sub-Contract AID/la 682 Program for PSU in assisting with Masters Programs in Agronomy & Agricultural Extension was closed out in March 1974 at the requestof the Argentine Government. The Uruguay Production & Marketing Program under Contract AID/la 722 (Penn State, Texas A&M, & Michigan State) continued during the year. Long term specialists in Vegetables, Communications & Plant Pathologyjoined the program. Short-term personnel in Pomology, Communications, Entomology, Citrus and Potato production were assigned to the Project. Emphasiswas centered on apple, grape, peach and citrus management, and production practices, along with post harvest problems of apples and peaches. In vegetables, emphasis was placed on potato, onion, pepper, and tomato varietial trials, fertilizer trials and disease control. Under Contract AID/CM/ta-C-73-28the program was expanded by adding specialists in soils, & agricultural economics. Plans were made for including sheep and goats production herds in addition to the cattle herd during early 1975. Research on grasses and legumes,levels of fertilization, response to irrigation continued. Demonstration plots of rice, chick-peas, soybeans and corn were initiated. Plans were made for including horticultural crops in research trials during 1975.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/73 to 12/30/73

Outputs
Argentina-AID program continued in 1973. One long-term and five short-term specialists in Crop Production and one short-term Communications Specialist wereprovided to Castelar Graduate School. One Extension and two Agronomy positions were cancelled due to political ramifications. Uruguay-AID program on horticultural production and economic planning initiated in December, 1972 continued. Penn State provided the Chief-of-Party and pomologist, a long-term vegetable advisor, and a short-term plant pathologist during the period. Seven other specialists were provided by the other Consortium members. A five-year AID livestock and agricultural development program for the Bahamas initiated July, 1973. Objectives are to develop an experiment and demonstration station on Andros island and to develop a system of pilot satellite farms with Bahamiansas a pattern for further agricultural development. Ten part-time Penn State based specialists and three full-time Andros Island based junior specialists areassociated with the program in areas of soils, agronomy, agricultural engineering, animal husbandry, farm management, marketing and rural sociology. The AID Contract Program on Agricultural University Development in Maharashtra, India was terminated on June 30, 1973 and the Penn State dairy specialist returned to the U.S. This program and those of five other U.S. universities were terminated due to cancellation of AID technical assistance in India.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/72 to 12/30/72

Outputs
Agricultural Production-Food Grains (India) terminated in June. University Development (India) being phased out beginning September with departure of one staff member. Remaining staff member will terminate project between January-June 1973. Total man months 1972-24. Dairy science program for improvement of local cattle only segment of project remaining. No short term consultants included in program in 1972. Reports to be prepared for both projects. Teaching, research project, Castelar, Argentina initiated April 1972.One long term Crop Physiologist, a short term Crop Fertility specialist, and a short term Soil Conservation specialist currently at Castelar for total of 16 mminput during year. In Extension Education three staff members have assisted in seminars in planning, evaluation, methodology and curriculum development. Have assisted in establishing policy guidelines for development of M.S. program in extension. Both projects are well underway and PSU input is expected to expand during coming year. One Argentine graduate student is currently enrolled in Agricultural Economics under this program. The cooperative consortium agreementunder which this program operates appears to be functioning satisfactorily. Twoyear Agricultural Economics (Marketing) project in Spain terminated in August 1972. No progress was made in attempts to renew project.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71

Outputs
1) Three PSU staff members participated a total of 31 man months in a Food Grainprogram in Maharashtra, India. Staff was concerned with a) organization of a seed certification service, b) development of soil moisture & soil salinity laboratories & their utilization in correcting irrigation practices, training technicians, & planning irrigation systems layout, c) planning & implementation of demonstrations of farm machinery for cultivation. 2) Seven PSU staff membersworked with administrators faculty at Mahatma Phule Agricultural University a total of 39 man months in a) development of administrative policy & procedure, b) development of research programs & facilities, c) physical plant planning at new University campua, d) guidance in the improvement of curricula particularly in the areas of Basic Sciences, Food Sciences, Animal Science, Agricultural Economics & Agricultural Engineering, e) resumption of a program in Dairy Science including improvement of local Indian breeds by artificial insemination using exotic sizes & f) planning of facilities for dairy production and processing. Short term consultants were utilized in the areas of Agricultural Engineering, Swine Production, Soil-Water Management at the new research farm ofthe University, & in the improvement of pastures, forage crops & other animal feeds. The Food Grain project is expected to terminate during 1972 at which time a final evaluation of the work will be prepared. The University Development is intended to continue through 1976.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70

Outputs
1/Seven PSU staff members, 2 full year, one ending at 8 months & one commencing at 4 months & 3 short term consultants for 3 months each participated in a Food Grain program in Maharashtra State, India with projects including field rat control (more than one million acres treated in 1970), sorghum shoot fly controlstudies (both chemical and screening for germ plasm resistance), paddy stem borer control, organization of a seed certification service, development of soilmoisture & soil salinity laboratories and their utilization in correcting irrigation practices and training of technicians in water management practices,demonstrations of machinery for cultivators & planning or irrigation system layouts. 2/Three full time PSU staff members worked with Indian Administrators & faculty members in advising on administrative policy & procedures, layout, andphysical plant needs in building the new Agricultural University Campus and in the planning and development of a Graduate School curriculum and research facilities, especially in Food Technology and in commencing a Dairy Science program which also included research on artificial insemination of Gir cows to exotic sires & planning facilities for dairy management & developing a teaching curriculum. Three consultants of 3 months each advised the Departments of Agricultural Economics, Entomology and Plant Pathology in adapting curricula to the Tri-mester system, the planning of a Graduate School program & developing research in their disciplines.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69

Outputs
Seven PSU staff members participated in a food grain projects including rat control, Jowar shoot fly screening trials in search for resistant germplasm, trial-demonstrations on major varieties of Sorghum, millet & wheat in 5 Maharashtra districts, development of soil moisture & soil salinity laboratories& training of technicians, water management practices, demonstrations of machinery for cultivators, & planning of irrigation system layouts for farmers. Seven PSU staff members, 2 full-time & 5 for 3 months each, worked closely with Indian Administrators & faculty members in advising on administrative policy & procedures, layout & physical plant needs for a new University Campus, curriculum development & research needs in the areas of Home Economics, Ag. Eng., Ag. Tech. & An. Sci. plus recommendations for a University Ag. Ext. Program. An Ag. Eng. Program was initiated and plans made for starting undergraduate programs in Ag. Tech. & Home Ec. in 1970. In a PSU-Argentina Dairy research program 4 groups of 11 cows each were used to study the effect onproduction of pasture plus supplemental grain, with pasture fed through grazing (2), or by soiling and stable feeding (2). Grain rations consisted of 80% Sorghum and 20% alfalfa plus linseed oilmeal cake fed at 1:5 M-G. Pasture and grain fed cows averaged 4203 kg FCM compared to 2992 for pasture fed cows, with soilage plus grain fed cows averaging 3371 kg and non-grain group 2689 kg. Preliminary work was also started on a dairy sire testing program for Argentina.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications