Progress 01/01/05 to 01/01/06
Outputs
Kelly T. Morgan Progress was made in the initiation of programmatic research on two lines of inquiry. The first of is the improved nutrition of citrus, sugarcane, and vegetable crops grown on sandy soils in southwest Florida. The second area of research is the modeling of water and nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient transformations and transport in Florida sandy soilsFive studies of controlled release fertilizers were initiated over the past year to determine improvement in N uptake efficiencies. Three of the control release studies are on citrus trees of various ages, and two studies are on sugarcane. A column study was conducted to determine N release and transformation rates in soil under controlled conditions. An established study on citrus to determine P and K nutrient requirements was continuedA field study of six citrus groves to validate a mechanistic model of water uptake dynamics was continued. Model computer programming for two different irrigation
scheduling models were continued and near completion. Ike V. Ezenwa Project title: Sugarcane and Forage Agronomy in Southwest Florida Development of new grass genotypes, and improvements in the agronomic management of major forage grasses will improve profitability and sustainability of operations on ranches and ranchettes in south Florida. In our grass evaluation study, brachiaria grasses established faster and out-yielded bahiagrass, which is the predominant pasture grass in Florida. For sugarcane plant crop, rates and method of P application had no effects on cane and sugar yields. Application of compost to raise soil organic matter of sandy soils improved sugarcane and sugar yields, but the magnitude of the benefits varied with cultivar. KE Cushman: Progress was made in the initiation of programmatic research. The C139 Vegetable Production Demonstration Project began with grower participation from three major producers representing four crops and zero, half, and full rate
phosphorus fertilization. The Controlled-release Nitrogen Study for Seepage-irrigated Vegetables began, but the fall trial was compromised by hurricane Wilma, abandoned, and then repeated in spring 2006. The Vegetable Research & Investment Fund supported the Bed Architecture proposal. The Florida Tomato Committee funded the TYLCV-resistant Tomato Variety Trial. Syngenta Seed, Inc. funded the Watermelon Grafting trial. Unfunded projects were initiated with area agents McAvoy, Olczyk, and Parmenter.
Impacts
Kelly T. Morgan Projects to evaluation of current IFAS nutritional recommendations were initiated to determine effects of soil nutrient levels on crop production under soil conditions prevalent in southwest Florida. Although fertilizer and irrigation recommendations provide general production guidelines, they do not capture the dynamic nature of processes controlling non-point source pollution associated with crop production. Therefore, both growers and regulators must be provided with additional tools such as decision support systems (DSS) to improve water and nutrient use efficiencies, and assess the impacts of management practices on crop production and ground water quality. Ike V. Ezenwa The projects are in their first year. The results of these studies will contribute to profitable livestock operations, better nutrient management, and sustainable use of waste materials for enhanced agricultural productivity sandy soils. KE Cushman: (1) Assist vegetable producers
with regulatory issues related to phosphorus fertilization. (2) Assist the vegetable industry with evaluation of slow-release nitrogen products. (3) Evaluation of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) resistant germplasm. (4) Evaluate alternative culture practices to optimize fumigation, irrigation, and fertilization.
Publications
- Morgan, K.T., R.E. Rouse, F.M. Roka, S.H. Futch, and M. Zekri. 2005. Leaf and Fruit Mineral Content and Peel thickness of Hamlin Orange. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 118:19-21.
- Morgan, K. T., T. A. Obreza, J. M. S. Scholberg, L. R. Parsons, and T. A. Wheaton. 2006. Citrus Water Uptake Dynamics on a Sandy Florida Entisol. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70(1):90-97.
- Morgan, K. T., J. M. S. Scholberg, T. A. Obreza, and T. A. Wheaton. 2006. Size, Biomass, and Nitrogen Relationships with Sweet Orange Tree Growth. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 131(1):149-156.
- Cushman, K.E., M. Maqbool, and P.D. Gerard. 2005. Mulch type, mulch depth, and rhizome planting depth for field-grown American mayapple. HortScience 40:635-639.
- Cushman, K.E. and M. Maqbool. 2005. Propagule type and planting time affect subsequent mayapple growth. HortScience 40:640-644.
- Cushman, K.E., M. Maqbool, H. Lata, E. Bedir, I.A. Khan, and R.M. Moraes. 2005. Podophyllotoxin content and yield of American mayapple leaves in sun and shade. HortScience 40:60-63.
- Ezenwa, I. 2005. Forage/beef workshop set up for Immokalee. Immokalee Bulletin (Newspaper), Thursday, May 5, 2005: 10.
- Ezenwa, I,V., J. Mabry McCray, Peter R. Newman, and Ronald W. Rice. 2005. Sugarcane leaf tissue sample preparation for diagnostic analysis. EDIS SS-AGR-259. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SC076
- Muchovej, R.M., E.A. Hanlon, M. Ozores-Hampton, S. Shukla, F.M. Roka, H. Yamataki, and I. Ezenwa. 2005. Sugarcane production in southwest Florida: Mineral soils and amendments. EDIS SL 230. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SC073
- Ezenwa, I., Rob Kalmbacher, Paul Mislevy, Jeff Mullahey, and Rosa Muchovej. 2005. Forage evaluation at Immokalee: A 40-year legacy. Florida cattleman and Livestock Journal 69 (10) July 2005: 8-14.
- Ezenwa, I. 2005. Riding through the winter on grass in south Florida. Article of the Month October 2005, at the request of the South Florida Beef-Forage Program. http://sfbfp.ifas.ufl.edu/A10-05.html.
- Ezenwa, I.V. 2005. Future direction of forage and beef research in southwest Florida. Proceedings of the Forage-Beef Workshop, Immokalee, May 17, 2005. SWFREC-IMM-2005-3. http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/agro/pdf/forage_beef_workshop_proceedings0 5.pdf.
- Ezenwa, I.V. 2005. Status of green cane harvesting. Proceedings of the 2005 Sandland Sugarcane Seminar, SWFREC, Immokalee, July 28, 2005. SWFREC-IMM-2005-4. http://swfrec.ifas.ufl.edu/agro/pdf/sandland_sugarcane_seminar_05.pdf .
- Ezenwa, I.V., P.R. Newman, J.W. Dunckelman, and K.T. Morgan. 2005. Establishment and management of sugarcane on organic-amended and non-amended mineral soils. Sugar J. June 2005: 27.
- Ezenwa, I. 2005. University of Florida forage evaluation program for cattle ranchers in southwest Florida. The ASA-CCSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, Salt Lake City, Utah (CD-ROM).
|
Progress 10/01/02 to 10/01/03
Outputs
Six drainage lysimeters were installed in Feb03 to quantify the water use and crop coefficients for watermelon and pepper. Watermelon was grown in Feb-May03 and Feb-Apr03 data were used to quantify the water use and crop coefficients. Pepper data from Sep-Dec03 are being analyzed. Two reports were submitted to the funding agency. Funding obtained for this project was $130,000. The cow-calf BMP evaluation project quantified the P load reduction from selected BMPs in the Lake Okeechobee basin on two ranches to evaluate fencing and cattle crossing and nutrient and wetland water management at watershed-scale. Three reports were submitted to the funding agencies ($1.3 million). The goal of the agricultural impoundment project ($200,000) was to evaluated detention facilities in citrus groves for storing water for irrigation. Results indicated that with some modification (e.g. clay lining) impoundments can be used to store runoff water effectively and could supply the water
needed for up to three weeks of irrigation for citrus production in South Florida. A research proposal ($50,000) was funded to study another reservoir. Results from the study were published in two national conferences. A refereed journal article has been tentatively approved for publication. An additional project demonstrated the use of state-of-the-art soil moisture and water table measurement devices for irrigation scheduling at a commercial vegetable farm. Preliminary results indicate that use of soil moisture measurement devices resulted in better crop yield while conserving water and nutrients. Results were submitted to the funding agency ($70,000). A second project evaluated water/nutrient BMPs for tomato and watermelon with seepage irrigation. Current management practices will be compared with improved practices. A grower survey indicated that the current average N fertilizer rates are almost twice the UF/IFAS recommended rates. Three irrigation and fertilizer management
systems are included in this study. First report will be submitted in March 04($357,000). Wildlife populations are affected by management and land use practices, which are influenced by economic and political decisions. Ultimately, science-based management strategies and an informed citizenry are needed to ensure wildlife populations of Florida remain viable. Peer-reviewed publications reported on the ecology of expanding coyote populations in Florida and the ramifications of this from the perspective of Florida cattle ranchers. The Florida Master Naturalist Program is a statewide program designed to strengthen and unify statewide environmental education efforts and to create informed and engaged citizenry.
Impacts
The crop coefficient data from the lysimeter study will be used to design irrigation scheduling for vegetable production in Florida. Water quality monitoring in the cow-calf study will begin in March 2003 and will end in March 2006. Pre-BMP (2004) and post-BMP data (2004-2006) will be analyzed to quantify the P load reductions from BMPs. Economic analyses of BMPs will be undertaken to determine impact of BMPs on net farm income. Coyote information influenced policies on 500,000 acres in Florida. Impacts of golf course research include a national symposium (AOU 2003), a project to modify existing ponds, and use of our results by certification program of Audubon International. The subsistence hunting study was provided to four agencies in Guatemala and the Wildlife Conservation Society.
Publications
- Foster, G. W., Main, M. B., Kinsella, J. M., Dixon, L. M., Terrell, S. P., and D. J. Forrester. 2004 In review. Parasitic helminths and arthropods of coyotes (Canis latrans) from Florida, USA. Comparative Parasitology 70:62-66.
- Main, M. B. 2004. Mobilizing Grass-roots Conservation Education: The Florida Master Naturalist Program. Conservation Biology 18:1-6 (in press).
- Main, M. B., Fanning, M. D., Mullahey, J. J., Coates, S., and D. H. Thornton. 2003. Cattlemens perceptions of coyotes in Florida. Florida Scientist, 66:54-61.
- Novack, A. 2003. Impacts of Subsistence Hunting on the Foraging Ecology of Jaguar and Puma in the Maya Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- Thornton, D. H. 2003. Ecological separation within newly sympatric populations of coyotes and bobcats in south-central Florida. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.
- White, C. L. 2003. Habitat value of created wetlands to waterbirds in golf course landscapes. M.S. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville.
|
Progress 10/01/01 to 10/01/02
Outputs
Following are the water resource research projects developed by Sanjay Shukla at SWFREC. Project 1: Water use and crop coefficients for watermelon. Crop coefficients, used for designing irrigation management,have not been developed for watermelon which is the second major crop in SW Florida. A research proposal ($130,000) for quantifying watermelon water use and crop coefficient using drainage lysimeters was developed. Activities for 2002 include: 1.Growers were surveyed to capture the typical production practices. 2.Six lysimeters (12ft x 16ft x 4 ft) were designed and constructed. 3.A project report on the lysimeter design was submitted. 4.Experiments will start in February, 2003. Project 2: Evaluation of cow-calf BMPs in South Florida. Excessive P loading from dairies and cow-calf operations is a serious problem facing the Lake Okeechobee. A research proposal ($1.5 million) (2002-2005) was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of cow-calf BMPs in reducing P
transport from the Lake Okeechobee watersheds. Activities for 2002 include: 1.Two cow-calf ranches were selected for evaluating several BMPs. 2.Peak runoff estimates were made to design the water quantity and quality monitoring systems. Monitoring structures and devices will be installed in Spring 2003. 3.First project report has been submitted. Project 3: Evaluation of agricultural reservoirs for water storage in the SW Florida. The goal of this project ($150,000) is to evaluate the feasibility of using the detention facilities in citrus groves for storing water for irrigation. The monitoring data collected for three detention facilities were used to develop a watershed model for evaluating alternatives to increase the water retention time. Activities for 2002 include: 1.A hydrologic model was used to test several structural and managerial scenarios for reducing the seepage losses. 2.Results indicated that clay liners could be used to reduce the seepage losses for supplying several
weeks of irrigation water for the dry season. 3.Four reports were submitted to the SFWMD. Project 4: Irrigation scheduling for vegetables in SW Florida Sandy soils of SW Florida makes good irrigation scheduling essential for vegetable production. The goal of this study is to develop irrigation and nutrient BMPs for vegetable production in SW Florida. Two research projects were funded ($380,000) to develop irrigation BMPs for SW Florida. Activities for 2002 include: 1. Two farms (drip/seepage), were selected for collecting background water management data for SW Florida. It was found that water level for the seepage irrigation could be lowered without affecting production. Several irrigation management practices were developed and implemented at a seepage farm. Results are expected by December 2003. 2. A study was started to evaluate effectiveness of water and nutrient management practices on water use and water quality. A grower survey is planned in spring 03 to capture current
seepage irrigation practices. Survey results will be used to design an experiment (2003-2006) which will test "typical" management practices with the `improved" practices with regards to yield, water use/quality, and farm income.
Impacts
Project 1 will be the first effort in Florida as well U.S. to quantify the crop water use for watermelon. Of the total watermelon produced in Florida, SW region accounts for 40% (10,000 acres) of the total acreage. Better irrigation scheduling will result in optimum watermelon production while saving water to help meet part of the expected increase of 28% in water use and minimize the impacts on water quality. Results from project 2 will quantify the effectiveness of the cow-calf BMPs for controlling the P discharge which is needed for implementation of BMPs to meet the targeted 40 ppb P concentration in the Lake Okeechobee and continued profitability of the cattle industry. Results from project 3 may result in development of alternative irrigation water sources for citrus thus reducing the dependence on Caloosahatchee River and ground water resources and will result in meeting part of the 28% increase in water use demands without any water use restrictions. Results
from project 4 will result in adoption of better irrigation management for vegetable production in SW Florida. Since SW Florida accounts for the largest production (acreage and value) of the vegetable in the state, use of accurate soil moisture measurement techniques for scheduling irrigation will result in optimum production and large water savings.
Publications
- F. Jaber and S. Shukla. 2002. Simulating water dynamics in storm water impoundments for water supply. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering (Submitted)
- S. Shukla and F. Jaber. 2002. Evaluation of citrus retention/detention areas for water supply in South Florida. University of Florida Extension Publication (under review).
- S. Shukla and V. Pandey. 2002. Water and nutrient management practices for cow-calf production. University of Florida Extension Publication (under preparation).
- S. Shukla, T. A. Obreza, C. A. Stanley, and C. S. Vavrina. 2002. Water use and crop coefficient for watermelon. Report WRP-001, Southwest Florida Water Management District, Brookesville, Florida.
- S. Shukla and F. Jaber. 2002. Evaluation of reservoirs for water storage in the Caloosahatchee watershed. Interim Modeling Report WRP-002, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida. S. Shukla and F. Jaber. 2002. Evaluation of reservoirs for water storage in the Caloosahatchee watershed. Final Report WRP-003, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, Florida.
- S. Shukla and R. Rouse. 2002. Gulf citrus water and nutrient management survey. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine, December 2002.
|
Progress 10/01/00 to 10/01/01
Outputs
Following are the water resource research/education projects developed by Sanjay Shukla. Project 1:Review of water quantity/quality issues. Literature on water resource issues was reviewed to identify the research needs for SW Florida. Field visits were made to vegetable, citrus, and livestock farms and growers were interviewed. Project 2: Water use for watermelon. Water use within the SW Florida is expected to increase by more than 25% by 2020. Since agriculture accounts for the largest fraction of the total water use, efforts are needed to develop better methods for irrigation management. Crop coefficients, used for designing irrigation scheduling for crops, have not been developed for watermelon which is the second major crop in SW Florida. A proposal ($130,000) for quantifying watermelon water requirement (2002-2005) using lysimeters was developed. First report is due in 2002. Project 3: Evaluation of cow-calf BMPs in South Florida. Excessive P loading is a
serious problem facing the Lake Okeechobee. Runoff from dairies and cow-calf operations is the primary source of P loading. A proposal ($1.5 million) to evaluate the effectiveness of selected cow-calf BMPs in reducing P transport was developed. Four watersheds will be instrumented for monitoring the water quantity/quality for a period of three years (2002-2005). First report is due in 2002. Project 4: Evaluation of agricultural reservoirs for water storage. Agriculture in several South Florida watersheds depends on water released from Lake Okeechobee for supplemental irrigation. If runoff is more effectively stored within the watershed, then growers will likely gain an additional water source for irrigation. The goal of this project ($150,000) was to evaluate the feasibility of using the detention facilities in citrus groves for storing water for irrigation. The monitoring data collected for three detention facilities will be used to develop a watershed model for evaluating
alternatives to increase the water retention time in these reservoirs. Report is due in 2002. Project 5: Vegetable irrigation scheduling. Low water holding capacity and extreme weather conditions in SW Florida make good irrigation scheduling essential for profitable vegetable production. Often irrigation is either scheduled by the calendar or by using the feel method which can result in under/over irrigation resulting in economic loss. A better approach involves soil moisture measurement-based irrigation scheduling. The goal of this study is to use state of the art moisture measurement technique (capacitance-based) for scheduling irrigation. A proposal ($20,000) was developed to develop vegetable irrigation scheduling for SW Florida. Project 6: Watershed education program for Florida. Background research was conducted to explore the feasibility of a watershed education program for Florida. The goal of the program is to educate the citizen of Florida about the watershed they live in.
Two meetings of extension specialists and agents in the water resources area were convened to explore the feasibility of a watershed education program. The exploratory meetings will continue in 2002.
Impacts
Project 1 resulted in identification of critical research issues in SW Florida and development of six proposals (over $1 million). These projects are expected to result in development of better water and nutrient management practices for SW Florida to help maintain optimum crop and pasture production while maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Project 2 will be the first effort in the U.S. to quantify the crop water use for watermelon. Of the total watermelon produced in Florida, SW region accounts for 40% (10,000 acres) of the total acreage. Better irrigation scheduling will result in optimum watermelon production while saving water to help meet the expected increase of 28% in water use and minimize the impacts on water quality. Project 3 will quantify the effectiveness of the cow-calf BMPs for controlling the P discharge which is needed for implementation of BMPs to meet the 40 ppb P concentration in the Lake Okeechobee. Results from project 4 may result in development
of alternative irrigation water sources for citrus production thus help meet part of the increase in water use demands without any water use restrictions. Project 5 will result in adoption of better irrigation management for vegetable production in SW Florida. Since SW Florida accounts for the largest production (acreage and value) of the vegetable in the state, better scheduling irrigation will result in optimum production and water savings. Results from project 6 are likely to result in increased awareness on watershed resources among the citizens of Florida which will help promote water conservation efforts.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 10/01/99 to 09/30/00
Outputs
UF/IFAS has not calibrated a P or K soil test for citrus using new soil extractants. Project objectives are 1) calibrate citrus P and K soil tests, 2) Determine the effects of P and K fertilization on grapefruit and round orange fruit quality, and 3) develop fertilization recommendations to product the best fresh fruit. Factorial combinations of 0, 50, 100, and 200 lbs P205 fertilizer/acre and 0,100,200, and 400 lbs K20 fertilizer/acre were applied annually to newly planted Flame and Hamlin trees for 3 years beginning in 1998. These rates generated double-acid soil test P concentrations between 8 and 90 ppm and soil-test K concentrations between 11 and 27 ppm. Leaf tissue P increased from 0.15 to 0.22 percent as the P205 fertilizer rate increased from 0 to 200 lbs/acre, and leaf tissue K increased from 0.77 to 1.99 percent as the K20 fertilizer rate increased from 1 to 400 lbs/acre. Tree canopy volume increased in response to K application, but did not respond to P.
This research will enable the Florida citrus industry to more appropriately allocate P and K fertilizer costs, minimize its impact on surface water quality, and product higher quality fruit.
Impacts
The citrus industry will have more well-defined soil test interpretations for determining P and K fertilizer requirements, allowing nutrient input costs to be more appropriately allocated, thus minimizing the impact on surface water quality.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 10/01/96 to 09/30/97
Outputs
Application of Biosolids to Pastures: Land application of waste materials, such as biosolids, which contain many nutrients necessary to plant growth and that are obtained at relatively low cost may contribute to higher forage production and of better quality and improve soil characteristics in South Florida. The effects of biosolids on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) forage yield, quality and composition as well as their effects on soil quality were investigated. Studies were also conducted in the laboratory and in the greenhouse to evaluate rates of mineralization and biosolids as a source of iron (Fe) for bahiagrass pastures showing deficiencies of the element , respectively. The results obtained from the field study indicate significant increases in forage yield, nitrogen, and thus, protein content with rates higher than 1 Ton/acre, when compared with the absolute controls for both years. Results from the greenhouse studies indicate that the Fe deficiency may be
corrected with biosolids over a long period of time. The smaller granulation of the material (ground, versus pellets) contributed to a faster rate of release of the mineral N forms. Grass Variety Trials at the SWFREC One hundred and twelve experimental plots with 20 varieties/cultivars of tropical grasses were established since July 1995. The grasses have been subjected to variable weather conditions (deficient and excessive moisture and freezing and high temperatures) observed from 1995 to 1997. The grasses are being evaluated regarding biomass production, quality (crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and mineral composition) throughout the growing season, through harvests performed every 35-40 days from April to Dec. each year. Bahiagrass Variety Trials: Fall Fertilization with Nitrogen Since normally forages are fertilized only in the spring, fall fertilization with low rate of N fertilizer (40 lb/acre) is also being investigated on five bahiagrass varieties to improve
production in the winter months when forage yields are low and to determine the economic viability of such practice. Increases in biomass from the additional N fertilizer ranged from 30 to 100%, when compared with controls.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Pitts, D., T. Obreza, J. Capece, R. Muchovej, C. Yurgalevitch, and J. Dymond. 1996. Suitability of Dade County Groundwater for Use in Micro Irrigation Systems. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc., 109:237-242.
- Muchovej, Rosa M.C. and R.S. Pacovsky. 1997. Future Directions of By-Products and Wastes in Agriculture. In Agricultural Uses of By-Products and Wastes. ACS Symposium Series 668, J.E. Rechcigl and H.C. MacKinnon (eds), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp.
- Muchovej, Rosa M. 1997. Beneficial Use of Residuals on Pasturelands, In: Biosolids Management in Florida: Beneficial Use of Domestic Wastewater Residuals. Florida Department of Environmental Protection/Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management,
- Muchovej, Rosa M. 1997. Rotational Crops for Sugar Cane Grown on Sandy Soils. Citrus and Vegetables, July, pp 5-8. C. G.
- Chambliss, R.M. Muchovej, J. J. Mullahey. Cover Crops. SS-AGR-66, May 1997, 3 p.
- Muchovej, Rosa M. and J.E. Rechcigl. 1997. Nitrogen Recovery by Bahiagrass Receiving Varying Application Rates of Pelletized Biosolids. Beneficial Co-Utilization of Agricultural Municipal and Industrial By-Products. ARS- USDA, Beltsville, MD, May 4-8, Program
- Muchovej, Rosa M. and J. E. Rechcigl. 1997. Biosolids and Composted Manure as Fe Sources for Bahiagrass. Proceedings of the American Forage and Grassland Council, Fort Worth, Texas, pp. 256-259.
- Muchovej, Rosa M. and J.J. Mullahey. 1997. Evaluation of Five Bahiagrass Cultivars in Southwest Florida, In: Proceedings of XVIII International Grassland Congress , June 8-19, 1997, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Muchovej, Rosa M. and J.E. Rechcigl. 1997. Bahiagrass Forage Production and Quality as Affected by Municipal Biosolids, In: Proceedings of XVIII International Grassland Congress , June 8-19, 1997, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- Mullahey, J.J., R. M. Muchovej, and K.U. Hill. 1997. Networking Advisory Groups and the Electronic Media to Transfer Information on Forage Management, In: Proceedings of XVIII International Grassland Congress , June 8-19, 1997, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Saskatoon,
- Muchovej, R. M. C. 1997. Biomass and quality of Brachiaria spp. in Southwest Florida. American Society of Agronomy Meetings, Anaheim,
|
Progress 10/01/95 to 09/30/96
Outputs
The utilization of waste materials, such as biosolids, which contain many nutrients necessary to plant growth and that are obtained at relatively low cost may contribute to higher forage production and of better quality in South Florida. Application of these organic wastes to Florida pastures is also expected to improve the sandy soils chemical and physical characteristics. Several studies are being conducted to investigate effects of biosolids on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) forage yield, quality and composition as well as their effects on soil quality. Studies were also conducted in the laboratory and in the greenhouse to evaluate rates of mineralization and biosolids as a source of iron (Fe) for bahiagrass pastures showing deficiencies of the element , respectively. Bahiagrass forage is normally abundant in the spring and summer months in Southwest Florida. However, production is drastically reduced in the winter months and more supplements are required to feed
cattle at those times. Since normally forages are fertilized only in the spring, fall fertilization with low rate of N fertilizer is also being investigated on several bahiagrass varieties to improve production in the winter months when forage yields are low and to determine the economic viability of such practice for bahiagrass in the area. Various sub-tropical and tropical forage grasses are currently under test at the SWFREC to determine adaptability, biomass production and forage quality for Southwest Florida soil and climatic co.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Muchovej, Rosa M. and J.E. Rechcigl.1995. Bahiagrass Yield, Forage Quality and Soil Composition as Influenced by Granular Biosolids Application. Agronomy Abstracts. 1995 Annual Meetings ASA, CSSA, SSSA, St. Louis, MO, Oct. 29-Nov. 3, 1995,
- Muchovej, R.M. C. and J.E. Rechcigl. 1995. Utilization of Municipal Biosolids on Florida Pasture Grasses. 59th Annual Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences,Tampa, FL, May 19-20, 1995, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL. Volume 58 Suppleme
- Muchovej, Rosa M.C. and T. A. Obreza. 1996. Application of Organic Wastes in Agriculture. In Alvarez V., V.H., L.E. F. Fontes & M.P.F. Fontes (eds.), O Solo nos Grandes Dominios Morfoclimaticos do Brasil e o Desenvolvimento Sustentado. Soci
- Muchovej, Rosa M. 1996. Land Application of Biosolids. Citrus & Vegetable Magazine, Immokalee Report, July, 1996, pp. 8-10.
- Obreza, T.A., and Rosa M. Muchovej. 1996. Utilization of Organic Wastes in Florida Agriculture. Citrus & Vegetable Magazine, Immokalee Report, September, 1996, pp. 8-9.
- Muchovej, R.M.C., and J.E. Rechcigl 1996. Temporal Release of Nitrogen Forms from Soil Amended with Biosolids. Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Indianapolis, IN, Nov.3-8, p.331.
|
Progress 10/01/94 to 09/30/95
Outputs
Ageniaspis citricola was reared in Gainesville and shipped to Immokalee for release in citrus groves in 1994 and 1995. Over 12,000 wasps were released in more than 50 sites. Wasps successfully overwintered and were recovered in Spring 1995 at half the release sites. By fall 1995 parasitoids could be recovered from most groves throughout the region (175,000 commercial acres), and had dispersed as much as 16 miles from some release sites. Parasitization of CLM reached 90% or more in many of these groves. Establishment and dispersal of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in southwest Florida for Biological Control of Citrus Leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Florida Entomologist (In Press).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/93 to 09/30/94
Outputs
Sugarcane fields in Florida on sand or organic (muck) soils were sampled to determine the abundance of white grub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Adult flight activity was monitored with light traps and larval populations were estimated by soil samples. Both methods revealed similar patterns: more Ligyrus subtropicus (Blatchley) were found on muck while more Phyllophaga latifrons (LeConte) and Anomala marginata (F.) were found on sand. Cyclocephala parallela Casey was more evenly distributed over soil types although they tended to favor sand. A practical implication of these results is that the most damaging species, L. subtropicus is rare or absent on sand soils.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/92 to 09/30/93
Outputs
A unique set of environmental conditions creates some special challenges to citrus pest management in southwest Florida. Among these challenges are the subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes and the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella. Subterranean termites kill young trees by girdling the trunk just below the soil line. Insecticides provide only temporary relief. We have shown that soil removal from the base of established trees or shallow planting of resets removes much of the susceptible baits to reduce termites populations. The citrus leafminer is a new pest first reported in June 1993 in southwest Florida. Chemical control with foliar sprays is difficult because of rapid growth of new leaf tissue and limited absorption across leaf epidermis. Biological control by native natural enemies is already suppressing populations in unsprayed groves and plans are being made to import exotic parasitoids. Evaluation and enhancement of biological control is one
of the goals of our program. Until effective biological control is in place, growers must depend on a combined cultural and chemical control. Soil applied systemic pesticides are being evaluated as is the feasibility of lowering over-wintering populations of leafminer by suppressing winter tree growth through withholding of nutrients and water.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/91 to 09/30/92
Outputs
Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal.) has become a serious weed problem inmany perennial pastures of Florida, particularly southern Florida. This noxious weed decreases forage production which results in lower stocking rates (more acres/cow). A field study was conducted to evaluate selected herbicides and methods of application for the control of soda apple. Percent control of soda apple and damage to pasture grasses were recorded. Acceptable ( > 90 %) control of soda apple resulted from the broadcast application of Remedy(superscript (R)) or the spot (spray individual plants) application of Weedon CB. Both of these treatments did not damage the pasture grasses. Repeated herbicide applications will be necessary for complete control because of soda apple seedlings which emerge after each application.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/90 to 09/30/91
Outputs
The Minolta chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 was found to be an accurate, nondestructive means to measure chlorophyll content in citrus leaves of orange and grapefruit cultivars. A significant correlation of 0.96 was calculated between the chlorophyll meter readings and actual chlorophyll extraction. A standard curve was developed for chlorophyll content in citrus leaves. The total mineral content of Florida citrus nursery trees was determined. Plant densities in the nursery ranged from 32,000 to 63,000 plants per acre in field to over 170,000 for greenhouse grown plants in containers. Budded plants generally received between 1,000 and 2,000 lb. per acre annually of N. Total plant nutrient content accounted for about 5 to 20% of the nutrient applied. Twenty-seven citrus cultivars on 22 rootstocks were rated for freeze damage following exposure to - 4.4(degree)C. `Star Ruby' grapefruit and `Fallglo' citrus hybrid were among the most severely damaged scion cultivars. `Rhode
Red' Valencia was the least damaged scion. Scions budded to Smooth Flat Seville and Poncirus trifoliata showed the least damage. The eastern subterranean termite was observed feeding on live trunk tissue of young citrus trees resulting in girdling at and below the soil line. Lorsban 15G granular offered the best protection to trees. Twenty-three cultivars and selections of avocado were observed for fruit and tree characteristics.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/89 to 09/30/90
Outputs
Ratings of cold injury to 27 citrus scion cultivars following temperatures of -4.4C showed 'Star Ruby' grapefruit and 'Fallglo' citrus hybrid to be among the most severly damaged. 'Rhode Red' valencia orange selection 472-11-43 was the least damaged scion. Trees were 6-month-old in the field. Among the 22 rootstocks in the planting, scions on P. trifoliata x Ridge pineapple sweet orange selection 1573-26 had the least damage. The Minolta chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 was found to be an accurate, nondestructive means to measure chlorophyll content in citrus leaves of orange and grapefruit cultivars. A significant correlation of 0.96 was calculated between the chlorophyll meter readings and actual chlorophyll extraction. A standard curve was developed that will allow a quick, accurate, simple, and nondestructive way to determine chlorophyll content in citrus leaves.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/88 to 09/30/89
Outputs
The third season is being completed on the evaluation of drip irrigation for sandy soil sugarcane production. Results indicate significant reduction in water used by the drip irrigation as compared to seepage irrigation. The first year of a three year study to evaluate the effect of depth to the water table on the production of sugarcane grown on a sandy soils was completed. These results indicated no significant difference in yield between a shallow (45 cm) water table as compared to a deeper (90 cm) water table. A deeper water table could reduce pumpage and off-site drainage dischares. The second year of a multi-year study on theinfluence of drainage system design on citrus production was completed. A one season study on tomatoes to determine the influence of drip irrigation lateral tubing number and location was completed and results reported.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/87 to 09/30/88
Outputs
A Comparison of Micro to Subsurface Irrigation of Tomatoes on Sandy Soil. - A comparison of micro to seepage irrigation was performed on a Immokalee fine sand using the commercial cultural practices of plastic mulched beds and staking that are common in SW Florida. Water table levels and soil water status were monitored, and tomato yield and quality were measured for both irrigation methods. Irrigation water used by the two irrigation methods were determined, along with fixed and variable costs. Results indicated that the yield and quality of fruit from the micro irrigation was comarable to that of the seepage irrigated, but there was a significant reduction in water pumpage with the micro irrigation system. An Evaluation of Micro Irrigation on Sugarcane Grown in a Sandy Soil - Micro irrigation was compared to seepage irrigation on sugarcane grown in an Immokalee fine sand. Commercial harvest indicated some yield (tonnage) reducation but higher sugar content with
drip irrigation. There was significant reduction in water pumpage with the micro irrigatioin. Further evaluation is being conducted.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87
Outputs
Bio-stimulants-Foliar sprays of NF-10, now marketed at Citrus-tenR, was evaluated on tomatoes. Data on several growth and production parameters were collected. Tomato seedlings (cv 'Sunny') were transplanted in field plots on Feb. 4, 1987. The crop was grown using plastic mulch and seep irrigation. Five treatments, 2.0 or 6.0 ml NF-10/100 gal H(2)O applied 4 times/week, 4.0 ml NF-10/100 gal H(2)0 applied 3 times/week, 6.0 ml NF-10/100 gal H(2)O applied 2 times/week and a control (no NF-10). Initial spray was applied at first flower bud initiation. Stem diameter and plant heiggh were measured weekly for 4 weeks beginning March 2. Height to first fruit cluster and number of fruit on first cluster were determined April 6. Plots were harvested May 11 and May 18. There was no effect due to treatment on stem diameter, plant height, height to first fruit cluster, or marketable yield. Number of fruit on first cluster was increased (10% level of significance) by 3 of
the NF-10 treatments when compared to the control. Average fruit weight was greater with 4 ml NF-10 applied 3 times/week. Also, a higher percentage of large fruit were obtained with the same treatment.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86
Outputs
Biostimulants - Burst R a commercially available product was evaluated as a transplant soil drench, as a foliar spray, and a combination drench + spray for its effect on bell pepper yield, no. of fruit and fruit weight. Control treatments of a soil drench of 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer and a water drench were included. Of the parameters measured in 2 tests (Fall season 1985 and Spring season 1986) there were no significant (5% level) treatment effects. Burst R applied as foliar sprays to watermelons was also evaluated. Treatments were: Burst @ 2.30L ha 1 applied @ 3-leaf stage followed 2 weeks later with a second application, Burst @ 2.30L ha 1 @ 6-leaf stage followed 2 weeks later with a second application, weekly sprays of Burst @ 1.15L ha 1 beginning @ 3-leaf stage and continuing to harvest same as treatment 3 except beginning @ 6-leaf stage, and control-no Burst. There was no significant (5% level) treatment effect on yield or no. of melons, but treatment 4 did
increase the average weight of melons at the first harvest and when the first and second harvests were combined. Both crops, pepper and watermelon were grown using full-bed plastic mulch culture.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/84 to 09/30/85
Outputs
TOMATO SPACING: To determine the effect of in-row plant spacing on production parameters of 2 tomato cultivars. Spacings were 30, 60 and 90 cm and the cultivars were 'Horizon' and 'Sunny'. Plants were staked and grown using plastic mulch culture with 1.8 meters between rows. Yields/plant increased linearly as spacing increased. Due to increased plant population at the closer spacings yields/ha with the 3 in-row spacings were not different. Number of fruit/plant also increased as spacing increased, but number/ha decreased as spacing increased. Average fruit weight was higher and overall appearance of the fruit was better at the 2 wider in-row spacings. Interaction effects of cultivar x in-row spacing on yield, fruit number or fruit weight were not significant. BIO-STIMULATOR (Burst registered trademark) was evaluated as a transplant drench, as a foliar spray and a combination drench + foliar spray for its effect on watermelon yield, fruit weight and soluble
solids. Also included was a control transplant drench of 20-20-20 soluble fertilizer and water drench. Of the parameters measured there was no significant treatment affects. However, there was a trend toward increased number and tonnage of melons with treatments containing Burst registered trademark. SUGARCANE: A randomized complete block design experiment with 5 fertilizer treatments and 3 replications was established in December 1984, to evaluate sewage effluent (SE) as a possible fertilizer source for sandland sugarcane.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 10/01/83 to 09/30/84
Outputs
A test was conducted during the spring 1984, to evaluate the effect on production of field seeded cantaloupes as compared to cantaloupe transplants of 4 different ages (28, 35, 42 or 49 days old) when all were put in field plots on the same date. All seedlings (cv 'Magnum 45') were grown in Todd =R) 150 styrofoam trays and field planting was on Feb. 2, 1984. Production system was plastic mulch and seepage irrigation. Ten harvests were made, starting Apr. 25 and ending May 23. Field seeded cantaloupes had the lowest yield but largest melons, and first harvest was 2 weeks later than the transplanted cantaloupes. Forty-two day old transplants had the highest yield. There was a trend toward larger melons as age of transplants decreased.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83
Outputs
Vegetable Cultivar Evaluations Pepper: A winter and spring replicated trial were conducted. In each trial, 15 entries replicated 4 times were grown using plastic mulch-seep irrigation system. Yields from 3 harvests of the winter trial ranged from 51.5 to 26.8 mt/ha for 'Gator Belle' and 'Four Corners', respectively. Yields from 2 harvests of the spring trial ranged from 54.2 to 25.8 mt/ha for 'Gator Belle' and NCX 4012, respectively. Tomato: Twenty entries were evaluated in replicated trials inthe spring and fall seasons. Yields in the fall trial ranged from 100.4 to 58.7 mt/ha for 'Sunny' and 'Flora-Dade', respectively. Spring trial yield ranged from 98.4 to 57.0 mt/ha for 7045-EBK and UF-A2868, respectively. Watermelon: Nine large and one small (icebox) fruited types were evaluated in a replicated trial using plastic mulch-seep irrigation system. The trial was seeded in January and harvested 3 times during May. Yields of large types ranged from 157.1 to 74.2
mt/ha for 'Crimson Sweet' and Jubilee', respectively. S81NW ('Jubilee' type) had the largest melons (11.8 Kg/melon) and F82CE ('Crimson Sweet' type) had the smallest melons (5.9 Kg/melon). F82NC (icebox type) produced 152.9 mt/ha with an average melon weight of 3.6 Kg when grown at twice the plant population of the large fruited types.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82
Outputs
Methane Production from Vegetable Crop Residues: Fresh and dry weights of aboveground plant residue was determined on 2 tomato cultivars. After 2 harvests of marketable fruit, 'Sunny' produced 65,251 and 3,734 Kg./ha. fresh and dry weight, respectively, and 'Duke' produced 51,878 and 3,009 kg./ha. fresh and dry weight, respectively. Residue of bell pepper, 'Early Calwonder, ' was determined for plants grown at 2 fertilizer rates. Plants fertilized with 330-117-386 kg./ha. N-P-K produced 26,974 and 5,595 Kg./ha. Fresh and dry weight, respectively, and plants fertilized with 168-117-195 kg./ha. N-P-K produced 18,382 and 4,795 kg./ha. fresh and dry weight, respectively. Field Corn: Twenty-five varieties were evaluated for grain production under southwest Florida conditions. Grain yields from the 25 entries ranged from a high of 226 hl./ha. for Golden Harvest H 2688 to a low of 106 hl./ha. for Funks G 4507. Grain yield for all entries averaged 168 hl./ha. of shelled
corn.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81
Outputs
Agriblend, a seaweed extract product containing cytokinin, was evaluated for itseffect on tomato yield and fruit size. Rates ranging 2.2 to 11.0 L/ha and time of application ranging from transplant water to 2 weeks after open bloom were tested. Tomato seedlings (cv. Duke) were transplanted into raised plastic mulched beds on September 29, 1981. a freeze (below 0 C for 9 hours) on December 20, 1981 prematurely terminated this experiment approximately 3 weeks prior to harvest.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80
Outputs
Cassava Biomass: Four varieties (CMC40, CMC92, HMC2, MCol 1684) were evaluated in a replicated trial. Stem cuttings were planted in double rows on raised beds. Beds were 1.83 m on center with 0.5 m between rows on each bed resulting in a plant population of 10,928 plants/ha. Four weeks after planting, 28-20-27 kg/ha of N-P-K, respectively, was applied in a narrow band between the 2 rows on each bed. Plant stand of all varieties was excellent with an overall 99% live. Harvest of roots will be approximately 2 wks from this writing. Growth Stimulator for Tomatoes: Agriblend, a seaweed extract, was evaluated on tomatoes grown with plastic mulch and seep irrigation. Treatments were (1) 5.7 l/ha and (2) 23.5 l/ha, both in transplant water, (3) 4.8 l/ha as foliar spray 2 wk after transplanting, and (4) 4.8 l/ha as foliar spray at first open bloom. These were compared to standard treatment of 118 cc of a 20-20-20-fertilizer solution (6 g/l) per plant at transplanting.
There was no significant difference among treatments with respect to yield or average weight of fruit.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79
Outputs
Yields of sweet corn: 'Fla. Staysweet' and 'Burpee Sugarsweet' were unaffected by Paraquat used as a directed spray for weed control. 'Silver Queen' yields were reduced by application of 2 pt/A and 'Sweet Sal' by 1 pt/A and 2 pt/A of paraquat. 'Silver Queen' yields were unaffected by either rate in a test later in the year. Residual effect of corn herbicides on vegetables: Twelve herbicide treatments commonly used for field corn were applied to corn in Feb. After corn was harvested in June, the plot area was disked and native cover allowed to grow until Oct. when tomato, pepper and cucumbers were planted in plots treated with herbicides in Feb. There were no adverse effects from residual herbicides on yields of the 3 vegetable crops. Tomato yellows virus: A field test was conducted to determine tomato yield reduction with respect to time of virus infection. Infection occurring 2, 3, 4, or 5 weeks after transplanting reduced yields by 83, 60, 38 or 25%,
respectively. In a second test, weekly sprays with oil reduced overall spread of virus by 12%.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78
Outputs
Paraquat (1.2 liters/ha) plus X-77 (0.6 liters/ha) was as effective in sweet corn for weed control as hand weeding. Yields were significantly reduced at 4.5 liters Paraquat/ha. Double cropping: To utilize residual vegetable fertilizer and reduce fertilizer salt accumulation, field corn was seeded as a second crop directly into plastic mulched beds after a fall and again after a spring tomato crop. Three rates each of N and K (0, 140, 280 and 0, 93, 186 kg/ha), respectively, were evaluated factorially. Visual observations of plant growth indicate little response to added K but a large response to N. When corn follows a tomato crop, it appears that added fertilizer N should be given first priority. Residual effect of corn herbicides on vegetables: Twelve herbicide treatments (including a check) commonly used for field corn were applied to corn plots in Feb. After corn was harvested, plots were disked and native cover was allowed to grow until Sept. when plots of
tomato, pepper and cucumbers were superimposed on plots treated with herbicide in Feb. Results in 1977 showed no adverse effects from residual herbicides on yields of the three vegetable crops.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77
Outputs
Seventeen varieties of soybeans were field grown between mid-June and mid-December. No powdery mildew or soybean rust was encountered. No yields have been recorded. Walter tomatoes were inoculated at different times during the growing season to achieve and evaluate the effect of different levels of infection by bacterial spot. Data for Fall 1977 incomplete. Double cropping: To utilize residual vegetable fertilizer and at the same time reduce fertilizer salt accumulation, field corn and soybeans were seeded directly into the plastic mulched beds after a tomato crop. With corn, 0, 50% or 100% of the recommended fertilizer was applied at seeding. Yields at the 0 rate were significantly lower than yields at the 50% or 100% rates. There was no yield difference between the latter 2 rates. With soybeans, only applied potassium (K) was varied as follows: 0, 46 and 92 kg/ha. Two varieties (Bragg & Cobb) were seeded in a replicated split plot design after completion of
a tomato crop. Yield data are incomplete. Residual effect of corn herbicides on vegetables: Twelve herbicide treatments (including a check) commonly used for field corn were applied to replicated corn plots in Feb. After corn was harvested plots were disked and native cover was allowed to grow until Sept. when vegetable beds were prepared. Plots of tomato, pepper & cucumber were superimposed on the plots treated with herbicides in Feb.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76
Outputs
Due to the high cost of feed grains, considerable interest in grain production has developed in central and south Florida. Commercial corn and grain sorghum variety testing was conducted. The field plot layout consisted of 4 replicationsin a randomized complete block design. Due to water-fertilizer relationship problems, yields of 14 commercial corn varieties averaged only 83 bu/A with Helena Golden Harvest 2750 producing 105 bu/A 15.5% moisture shelled corn. Fourteen grain sorghums were tested where the yield averaged 3880 lbs dry grain/A.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70
Outputs
During the spring and fall seasons a randomized block experiment with three replictions was desinged to determine the effect of Nu-Film 17 on the residue, decay curve, biological activity and yield of 'Homestead' tomatoes when sprayed with Difolatan 4 Flo, Dithane M-45, and Dyrene fungicides alone and incombination with Nu-Film 17. No biological activity or yield data were taken in both seasons, in the spring due to delayed crop growth and in the fall due toan early frost. Decay curves established during both seasons indicated that Dithane M-45, Dyrene and Difolatan 4 Flo had higher foliar residues when sprayedwith Nu-Film 17 than when sprayed alone. Bio assay tests with Alternaria solanispores showed higher biological activity for the Nu-Film 17 combinations with all three fungicides than for the fungicides alone.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69
Outputs
Effect of lime on Fusarium wilt of watermelons: A duplication of a 1968 experiment was conducted to evaluate 4 lime and/or calcium materials at 4 rates for their effectiveness in reducing damage caused by Fusarium wilt on watermelons. Using calcic limestone, dolomite or a 1:1 mixture of these 2 materials, the amount of wilt decreased as the rate increased from no lime to 6 T/A. When gypsum was used there was a reverse trend toward increased wilt at the higher rates. Plant damage, which occurred late in the season, from heavy rains and hail made it necessary to terminate this experiment before obtaining yield data.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68
Outputs
Effect of lime on Fusarium wilt of watermelons.--Four lime and/or calcium materials at 4 rates were compared factorially for their effectiveness in reducing damage caused by Fusarium wilt. The amount of wilt decreased and the yield increased as the rate increased from no lime to 6 tons/acre. Calcic limestone was the most effective and gypsum the least, with dolomite and a 1:1 mixture of calcic and domolite being intermediate. Effect of Pinoline 1919 on tomato yields.--"Pinoline" is derived from terpene polymers and is a tradename of Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Co. Pinolene at 6 concentrations: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0% (in water) were applied at both 7 and 14 day intervals totomatoes. The 7 day plots received 6 applications and the 14 plots received 3 applications. Phytotoxic symptoms were evident on the foliage of plants sprayedwith the 5.0% concentration at both the 7 and 14 day intervals. However, this damage to the foliage was not reflected in the
yield since there was no significant difference in yield due either to concentration or application interval.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
|
|