Source: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY submitted to NRP
ENABLING PESTICIDE REGISTRATIONS FOR SPECIALTY CROPS AND MINOR USES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0028044
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
NRSP-4
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2010
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2015
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY
3 RUTGERS PLZA
NEW BRUNSWICK,NJ 08901-8559
Performing Department
Interregional Project
Non Technical Summary
IR-4 data has given growers the tools to grow the crops (fruit and vegetable) that are being highly promoted as beneficial to public health through the USDA Food Pyramid. By providing growers with these tools, they can safely and effectively protect their crops from pests thus allowing them to make their crops available at affordable prices to the American consumer. Specialty Crops are high value / low acreage crops and make up about 46% of U.S. agricultural production and $43 billion in sales. Twenty-six states derive more than 50% of agricultural crop sales from specialty crops and thirty-three states derive more than 40% of their agricultural crop sales from specialty crops. US Specialty Crop Growers produce most of the vegetables, fruits, nuts, herbs, spices, floral, nursery, landscape, turf, and Christmas trees for the American consumer. If these growers do not have safe and effective pest management tools, their crops and businesses will not survive and the American consumer will suffer. Even though these are high value crops, they are low acreage. Therefore agrichemical companies have little incentive to register their products for these crops. IR-4 fills the void for these growers and, since 1963, the IR-4 Project has cooperated with researchers, producers, the agrichemical industry and federal and state agencies to secure regulatory clearances that allow agrichemical companies to achieve registrations for pest management products on specialty crops.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2111099116010%
2111199113010%
2111199114010%
2111199116010%
2111499113010%
2111499114010%
2111899113010%
2121499116010%
2131099114010%
2131499113010%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1499 - Vegetables, general/other; 1099 - Tropical/subtropical fruit, general/other; 1199 - Deciduous and small fruits, general/other; 1899 - Oilseed and oil crops, general/other;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1160 - Pathology; 1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
IR-4 research provides data that supports registration of safe and effective crop protection products on specialty crops, which ensures a safe and secure food supply, allows US growers to compete in a global economy and prevents potential economic losses to individual states in the millions of dollars.
Project Methods
In response to receiving a request for assistance from growers, commodity groups, researchers or extension personnel, IR-4 takes a 4-step approach: Step 1. Research Prioritization: research is prioritized at annual workshops involving growers, commodity groups, university researchers and EPA staff who collectively determine the priorities based on the importance of the pest and the ability of the control tactic to manage the pest. Industry partners are consulted to confirm their support for adding new specialty crop uses to their product labels. The workshops conclude with a list of projects designated as A, B or C priority. For ornamental projects that were prioritized at the Ornamental Horticulture Workshop. Step 2 Research Planning: A National Research Planning Meeting is held to assign field and laboratory sites for research projects in the coming year. Research protocols are drafted, reviewed by stakeholders and Field Research directors, revised to integrate comments, and issued as a final research protocol. The Biopesticide Program publishes a Call for Proposals for interested university and USDA researchers to submit grant proposals. A review committee selects the projects to be funded. Data generated from the projects are distributed the industry partner to support expansion of the registration and stakeholders to publicize that biopesticides, when used correctly and in conjunction with IPM, can be an effective pest management tool. Step 3 Research Implementation: Research for food crops is implemented in two phases - field and laboratory. IR-4 has 31 field research centers at strategic locations throughout the US to meet specific EPA requirements for geographic distribution of data. During the field phase, the crop protection product is applied to the target crop according to the specified protocol. Research for ornamental crops is performed in the field and/or greenhouse where the crop protection agent on the targeted crop or for a specific disease, insect, or weed is applied. IR-4 has 4 regional and 3 ARS analytical laboratories - field samples of the crop are harvested and transferred to the laboratories, where crop matrices are analyzed for potential residues. All field and laboratory research is conducted under EPA Good Laboratory Practices. Step 4.Data Submission and Approval: IR-4 critically reviews the field and laboratory data, drafts formal regulatory packages, and submits reports for each research study to EPA for review. EPA will review the reports, if the data show that the use would not expose consumers or the environment to unreasonable adverse effects, the EPA will approve the registration of a particular chemical on a specialty crop by establishing a maximum residue limit (MRL), or tolerance. This is published as a Final Rule in the Federal Register. The company that owns or licenses the product can register the use with the federal and state governments. For ornamental horticulture crops, GLP residue studies supporting MRLs are not required however research summaries are sent to each manufacturer who in turn uses them to register new products or expand existing labels.

Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary stakeholders of IR-4 research activities are the domestic farmers and growers of food and non-food specialty crops. The interests of these primary stakeholders are articulated by four main groups: Individual farmers who directly interact with the IR-4 Project; IR-4 Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC), a formal advisory group consisting of growers, commodity groups, and food processors. Minor Crop Farmers Alliance, an association of national organizations and individuals representing U.S. growers and processors of various agricultural commodities including food and horticultural crops. State and federal research scientists and extension specialists who represent the interests of specialty crop growers. The primary stakeholders and other partners have significant involvement in directing IR-4's research activities. The process begins when a Request for Assistance is submitted to IR-4 to inform of a pest management void and suggest a potential solution. Any domestic individual or organization may submit a Request for Assistance but submissions from any pesticide company representatives is prohibited. To establish research priorities, IR-4 solicits input on the importance of specific projects utilizing a variety of methods including: regional focused meetings, web based nominations of the highest priorities, input from EPA and the USDA-Regional Pest Management Centers, and face to face dialogue at the IR-4 national priority setting workshops. Approximately 175 participants attended the annual IR-4 Food Use Workshop in 2014 which established the priorities for new research in 2015. Every other year, about 100 participants attend the Ornamental Horticulture workshop. The 2013 Ornamental Horticulture Workshop set the priorities that determined the 2014-2015 Ornamental Horticulture research program. In 2014, IR-4 held its inaugural Biopesticide Workshop where 180 stakeholders participated in the process of setting biopesticides priorities for 2015 research. Changes/Problems:IR-4 remains the longest running and successful research support programs. The continued relevancy has allowed IR-4 to survive for over 50 years. However, IR-4 is significantly underfunded. This deficiency in funding will have a profound effect on future ability to provide deliverables (registrations of pest management technology) to specialty crop growers. Productivity is significantly threatened while the need for the services offered by IR-4 is increasing rapidly. Below are the funds IR-4 has estimated it needs to remain productive. If funding requests in the table below are reduced or not provided it will be necessary to scale back benchmarks. IR-4's Project Management Committee will make the necessary decisions to balance programs and costs while maintaining its ability to provide solutions to stakeholders. Value added programs such as funding IR-4 State Liaison Representatives to conduct local workshops will be vulnerable. Longstanding issues to replace outdated equipment and solving the indirect cost issues will be again deferred. There may have to be reductions in research in the food, ornamental horticulture and biopesticide program as well as staff. If funding cuts are severe, IR-4 would be forced to eliminate certain infrastructure, including field research centers, analytical laboratories and coordinating offices to maintain some degree of critical operational efficiencies. IR-4's funding challenges are intensified by the growing funding challenges with partner State Agricultural Experiment Station (SAES). IR-4's USDA Special Research Grant does not the host institutions to charge indirect costs on the grant. Under new accounting systems implemented by many of the Land Grant Institutions, the SAES are having to pay for these uncollected charges. In the past, the SAES had resources to cover these charges. In 2015, New York SAES voluntarily chose not to submit IR-4 grant applications because they could no longer afford to pay 18% of the IR-4 grant to Cornell University. IR-4 is significantly concerned about this precedent and has convened a workgroup to fully examine the issue and provide recommendations. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The majority of IR-4 research operates in a regulated environment that requires compliance to US EPA Good Laboratory Practice Requirements (GLPs). In association with the GLP, we participate with other IR-4 units in monthly GLP/research process webinars. Every three years, IR-4 conducts a national training program that brings together all field scientists, analytical chemists, research managers, study directors, quality assurance and Project management in one location for extensive professional development. IR-4 hosted the National Training Conference in February 2013 and is planning the next one for February 2017 in association with the National Association of Independent Crop Consultants. Additional educational opportunities are provided to employees via monthly training sessions and specific "as needed" basis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?IR-4 Project HQ serves as the focal point in outreach by providing communication with a host of stakeholders including: farmers, commodity associations, food processors, internal IR-4 personnel (State Liaison Representatives, staff at the IR-4 regional offices and analytical laboratories, cooperating ARS scientists), state and federal government agencies, international partners, the registrants of pesticides and biopesticides and interested members of the public. IR-4 employs a mix of communication tools and media, including traditional printedmaterials such as brochures, flyers, posters, news releases, quarterly newsletters (distributed to ~3,200 domestic and 250 international subscribers), and annual reports as well as internet-based tools. IR-4 launched an online version of its newsletter with the Summer/Fall 2014 issue and this continues to be a popular way for stakeholders to receive information about IR-4. The IR-4 website (ir4.rutgers.edu) contains a vast amount of information, and has over 5500 "hits" monthly from domestic and international visitors from 82 countries.The IR-4 website contains the most current news and information about IR-4 activities, with extensive information specific for the Food, Ornamental Horticulture, Biopesticide/Organic Support and Public Health Pesticide programs. Stakeholders can submit a "Request for Assistance" form through the website and most importantly, check the status of IR-4 research on specific crops and pests. Users can also access other relevant information through multiple searchable databases.IR-4 also maintains the Global Minor Use Information Portal that provides a key source of information in support of international harmonization of pesticide registrations and maximum residues levels.To better serve the needs of website visitors, IR-4 is currently redesigning their website to better organize the available information and simplify searches. IR-4 also uses social media and Constant Contact to "push" information to its stakeholders. Constant Contact subscribers (over 2000) receive monthly updates about IR-4 research and other breaking news related to the program. Through this tool, IR-4 regularly delivers this same information on IR-4's three Facebook pages (Food Use, Ornamental Horticulture, Public Health) at facebook.com/IR4Project, and its Twitter account (twitter.com/IR4_Project). IR-4 personnel regularly attend scientific, association, and trade meetings in order to contribute presentations about IR-4 accomplishments and provide information to growers. IR-4 personnel frequently submit articles for industry trade magazines and peer reviewed journals. Additionally, IR-4 Directors routinely attend USDA and SAES meetings to update them on IR-4 activities and progress in solving the "Minor Use Problem". Agencies are also provided Annual Reports and Year End Summaries to help demonstrate progress. IR-4 Communication and Outreach activities are managed by the IR-4 Communication Manager with input from many within the IR-4 Project including a Communication Committee with representatives from IR-4 Headquarters, the four IR-4 regions, the Project Management Committee, State Liaisons, and the Commodity Liaison Committee.The Communication Manager routinely seeks additional feedback and suggestions for improvements from stakeholders. IR-4 utilizes programs like Google Analytics and applications within Constant Contact to determine who is using IR-4 electronic communication information. The goal is to use this information to better serve those who are already using the site and to recruit new users. This information is also used to modify communication strategies and increase awareness of IR-4. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In September 2015, IR-4 held three workshops in Chicago, the Global Minor Use Workshop, the IR-4 Food Use Workshop and the IR-4 Biopesticide Workshop. Additionally, IR-4 held it Ornamental Horticulture Workshop in October 2015 in Schaumberg, IL. All four of the workshops are intended to establish research priorities for the respective programs going forward. Over 400 scientists or stakeholders attended one or more of these workshops. The need for IR-4's services in all three program areas will increase over the next several years. New and emerging factors driving the increased need for IR-4 include the unintentional introduction of new pests/invasive species, pests becoming increasing resistant to available pesticides, increased need for product performance data, increased complexity of regulatory data requirements, internationalization of data requirements, and emerging regulatory issues (e.g. pollinator protection). Other areas identified as forces to drive the increased need for IR-4 include consumer demand for locally grown, pick your own or organically grown specialty crops. There is also anticipation that there will be emerging pest management technology (e.g. RNAi) that will require IR-4's assistance for registration on specialty crops/specialty uses. In 2014, IR-4 Project updated its strategic plan, Vision 2020: This plan details the IR-4 Project background, vision, mission, values, culture, objectives and funding needs and identifies strategic benchmarks. It is IR-4's plan to: Fund IR-4 State Liaison Representatives to conduct local workshops targeting Cooperative Extension and growers who work to identify newly emerging pest management voids. Replace outdated analytical equipment at the IR-4 Analytical Laboratories. Replace outdated equipment at the IR-4 field research stations Encourage the U.S. Congress to allow 10% indirect cost charge on IR-4 grants to host institutions. Food Program Host an annual prioritization workshop that enables stakeholders to participate in the process of selecting research priorities. Conduct up to six studies with conventional chemical pesticides, biopesticides, and combinations to identify the most promising product(s) to manage a critical pest management void. Conduct approximately 100 Magnitude of the Residue studies annually. When appropriate, conduct residue trials at critical sites to meet international standards. Conduct 50 to 60 field trials annually to collect efficacy and/or crop safety data. Complete the development of the remaining crop grouping expansion proposals and submit them to EPA. Ornamental Horticulture Program Host a workshop once every two years to gain input on the most important pest management voids and establish research priorities. Conduct at least six research projects to screen options for the management of critical pests and to determine whether solutions impact plant quality. Disseminate results through the IR-4 website, presentations at scientific and trade meetings, and communications via social media. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program Encourage submission of "Request for Assistance" forms identifying pest management voids that can potentially be answered by biopesticide technology. Enable stakeholders to provide input on the most important projects and establish research priorities. Conduct up to 20 studies at multiple locations with biopesticides, conventional chemical pesticides and combinations in a strategic manner to determine which program(s) exhibit potential to manage critical pests and pesticide resistance management strategies while potentially lowering chemical residues at harvest. Assist public sector scientists and small businesses on an as-needed basis by providing guidance on the regulatory approval process. Collaborate with Extension to conduct approximately five on-farm Biopesticide Demonstration projects to help specialty crop farmers. The most noteworthy changes under this plan include increased emphasis in helping harmonize global standards for pesticide residues in specialty crops to give domestic producers expedited access to lucrative international markets. Congress authorized this activity in the 2014 Farm Bill. Another ongoing change includes increased emphasis on supporting the strategic use of biopesticides not only to control key pests but to assist in the management of pest resistance to pesticides and reduction of chemical residues in food.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This is the last year of a 5 year project, in this last year, the IR-4 Project initiated 88 studies involving 509 field trials to develop residue data to support the establishment of tolerances needed by EPA to allow registrations on specialty crops. These studies directly answer priorities expressed by stakeholders at the September 2014 IR-4 Food Use Workshop or follow-up work to complete older priorities. During the grant reporting period, IR-4 started work to address product performance (pest management efficacy and/or crop safety) needs for 26 projects. This combined with an aggressive data mining activities, produced 122 product performance reports to support future specialty crop pesticide registrations. Data from 117 studies involving 16 chemical pesticides were integrated into a pesticide tolerance petitions and formally submitted to US Environmental Protection Agency. These packages will be reviewed and when deemed appropriate, EPA established a pesticide tolerance through a publication of this action in the Federal Register. During the period of performance, 177 pesticide tolerances were established. Utilizing established crop grouping and other allowable extrapolations, these pesticide tolerances translate to 728 registrations that can be uses to protect the domestic food supply from destructive pests while keeping healthy fruits, nuts, vegetables and other specialty crops available year round at a reasonable price. The economic impact of Food Program deliverables has been quantified. Miller and Leschewski in their "Economic Impact of the IR-4 Project and IR-4 Project Programs" report noted that the Food Crops Program generates economic activity sufficient to support 87,792 U.S. jobs with labor income exceeding $3.5 billion. The IR-4 Food Crop Program and associated research is estimated to add nearly $6.1 billion to annual GDP. In addition to the above, the IR-4's international partnerships continue to expand and provide IR-4 with additional support. IR-4 realizes as much as $500,000 in savings in research dollars each year with cooperative research with Canada. IR-4 has now initiated similar opportunities with Brazil and more recently with Costa Rica Finally, IR-4 remains the leader in a project to enhance and expand Crop Groups. In November 2014, EPA formally proposed through publication in the Federal Register establishment of 17 modification of the crop groups/subgroups as submitted by IR-4. This is important because Crop Groups/Subgroups enable the establishment of pesticide tolerances for a group of crops based on data from a small number of representative crops in a group. Use of extrapolation via crop grouping reduces the amount of required data thus providing a more efficient process that saves valuable resources. The efficiencies gained through crop grouping are significant. On average, EPA grants registrations for about 5 commodities for every IR-4 study conducted. When crop group updates are complete, IR-4 expects 10-15 new uses will be gained for each study. See the IR-4 website (http://IR4.rutgers.edu) for details. IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program In the last year of the 5 year project, IR-4 compiled and posted 17 data summary reports containing IR-4 data that was conducted to answer on the high priority projects identified at IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Workshops. Two new federal registration were approved for MARAL WDG & SEGOVIS. Additionally, one federal amendment for TOWER was granted. A State of California registration for EMPRESS 250 SC was also approved. See the IR-4 website (http://IR4.rutgers.edu) for details. The economic impact of Ornamental Horticulture Program deliverables has been quantified. Miller and Leschewski in their "Economic Impact of the IR-4 Project and IR-4 Project Programs" report noted that the Food Crops Program generates economic activity sufficient to support 14,501 full and part time jobs with wages of $582 million. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program and associated research is estimated to add nearly $1.0 billion to annual GDP. IR-4 continues to take the lead in the development of pest management options to manage invasive species that are a determent to ornamental horticulture crops. IR-4 remains active in coordinating USDA-APHIS funded research on Gladiolus Rust, Chrysanthemum White Rust, Boxwood Blight, and Impatient Downy Mildew. This effort has led to a better understanding of the pest an opportunity to manage the pests. IR-4 facilitated a Pollinator Protection workshop in December 2014. Protecting pollinators is a unique challenge for the Ornamental Horticulture industry. The 50 participants discussed the unique challenges to maintain registrations of neonictoid insecticides on ornamental horticulture species in the complementary regulatory environment. More importantly, what type of data can be developed to answer some of the existing regulatory concerns. This workshop led to a submission of a Specialty Crop Research Initiative grant application to address pollinator risk assessment gaps, pollinator attractiveness of ornamental horticulture plants, economic efficacy and toxicology comparisons of alternative pest management strategies and development of new Best Management Practices out of the research. IR-4 Biopesticide and Organic Support Program The IR-4 Biopesticide program also continues to assist in product development both through the grant and regulatory assistance program. During the period of the grant, the IR-4's Biopesticide research resources were used to funded 10 projects that consisted of 31 field trials. These were conducted by different universities on fruits and vegetables, tropical crops, honeybees, and ornamentals. Among the projects include field trials on high profile and damaging pests such as Varroa mites, spotted wing drosophila and fire blight on organic apples. During the last year of a 5 year project, IR-4 submitted petitions led to three EPA registrations. These were: Aspergillus flavus AF36 Prevail - Submitted amendments to the current registration which included product chemistry and efficacy data to support a new formulation and new manufacturing process for use on cotton, corn and pistachio. The product is for management of aflatoxin. Potassium salts of hop beta acids - This is a new active ingredient for the management of varroa mite in honeybee hives. The registration package IR-4 ubmitted resulted in 3 products registered including the technical grade active ingredient, the manufacturing use product and the end use product which has the trade name HopGuard II. The HopGuard II also represents a change in the manufacturing process compared with HopGuard. Tobacco mild green mosaic virus - A bioherbicide for tropical soda apple.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 45 Number 4 Fall 2014
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 46 Number 1 Winter 2015
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 46 Number 2 Spring 2015
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 46 Number 3 Summer 2015


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The primary stakeholders of IR-4 research activities are the domestic growers of food and non-food specialty crops. The interests of these primary stakeholders are articulated by four main groups: Individual growers who directly interact with the IR-4 Project; IR-4 Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC), a formal advisory group consisting of growers, commodity groups, and food processors. Minor Crop Farmers Alliance, a national organization representing farmers, processors and others involved in the production of various horticultural crops from across the U.S. State and federal research scientists and extension specialists who directly represent the interests of specialty crop growers. The primary stakeholders and other partners have significant involvement in directing IR-4's research activities. It starts with the initial Request for Assistance. Any individual or organization is allowed to submit a Request for Assistance. The only group prohibited from submitting Requests for Assistance are representatives from pesticide companies. Broad involvement continues during priority setting of research. IR-4 solicits input on the importance of specific projects utilizing a variety of methods including regional focused meetings, web based nominations of the highest priorities, input from EPA and the USDA-Regional Pest Management Centers, and face to face dialogue at the IR-4 national priority setting workshops. Approximately 175 participants attended the annual IR-4 Food Use Workshop in 2014. Every other year, about 100 participants attend the Ornamental Horticulture workshop. In 2014, IR-4 held its first Biopesticide Workshop where 180 stakeholders participated in priority setting. Specific IR-4 research projects are based on the priorities set at these workshops. Changes/Problems: IR-4 remains the longest running and successful research support programs. The continued relevancy has allowed IR-4 to survive for over 50 years. However, IR-4 is significantly underfunded. This deficiency in funding will have a profound effect on future ability to provide deliverables (registrations of pest management technology) to specialty crop growers. Productivity is significantly threatened while the need for the services offered by IR-4 is increasing rapidly. Below are the funds IR-4 has estimated it needs to remain productive. If funding requests in the table below are reduced or not provided it will be necessary to scale back benchmarks. IR-4's Project Management Committee will make the necessary decisions to balance programs and costs while maintaining its ability to provide solutions to stakeholders. Value added programs such as funding IR-4 State Liaison Representatives to conduct local workshops will be vulnerable. Longstanding issues to replace outdated equipment and solving the indirect cost issues will be again deferred. There may have to be reductions in research in the food, ornamental horticulture and biopesticide program as well as staff. If funding cuts are severe, IR-4 would be forced to eliminate certain infrastructure, including field research centers, analytical laboratories and coordinating offices to maintain some degree of critical operational efficiencies. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The majority of IR-4 research operates in a regulated environment that requires compliance to US EPA Good Laboratory Practice Requirements (GLPs). In association with the GLP, we participate with other IR-4 units in monthly GLP/research process webinars. Every three years, IR-4 conducts a national training program that brings together all field scientists, analytical chemists, research managers, study directors, quality assurance and Project management in one location for extensive professional development. IR-4 hosted the National Training Conference in February 2013 and is planning the next one for February 2016 in association with the National Association of Independent Crop Consultants. Additional educational opportunities are provided to employees via monthly training sessions and specific "as needed" basis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? IR-4 Project HQ serves as the focal point in outreach by providing communication with a host of stakeholders including: farmers, commodity associations, food processors, internal IR-4 personnel (State Liaison Representatives, staff at the IR-4 regional offices and analytical laboratories, cooperating ARS scientists), state and federal government agencies, international partners, the registrants of pesticides and biopesticides and interested members of the public. IR-4 employs a mix of communication tools and media, including traditional printedmaterials such as brochures, flyers, posters, news releases, quarterly newsletters (distributed to ~3,200 domestic and 250 international subscribers), and annual reports as well as internet-based tools. IR-4 launched an online version of its newsletter with the Summer/Fall 2014 issue. The IR-4 website (ir4.rutgers.edu) contains a vast amount of information, and has over 5500 "hits" monthly from domestic and international visitors from 82 countries.The IR-4 website contains the most current news and information about IR-4 activities, with extensive information specific for the Food, Ornamental Horticulture, Biopesticide/Organic Support and Public Health Pesticide programs. Stakeholders can submit a "Request for Assistance" form through the website and most importantly, check the status of IR-4 research on specific crops and pests. Users can also access other relevant information through multiple searchable databases.IR-4 also maintains the Global Minor Use Information Portal that provides a key source of information in support of international harmonization of pesticide registrations and maximum residues levels.To better serve the needs of website visitors, IR-4 is currently redesigning their website to better organize the available information and simplify searches. IR-4 also uses social media and Constant Contact to "push" information to its stakeholders. Constant Contact subscribers (over 2000) receive monthly updates about IR-4 research and other breaking news related to the program. Through this tool, IR-4 regularly delivers this same information on IR-4's three Facebook pages (Food Use, Ornamental Horticulture, Public Health) at facebook.com/IR4Project, and its Twitter account (twitter.com/IR4_Project). IR-4 personnel regularly attend scientific, association, and trade meetings in order to contribute presentations about IR-4 accomplishments and provide information to growers. IR-4 personnel frequently submit articles for industry trade magazines and peer reviewed journals. Additionally, IR-4 Directors routinely attend USDA and SAES meetings to update them on IR-4 activities and progress in solving the "Minor Use Problem". Agencies are also provided Annual Reports and Year End Summaries to help demonstrate progress. IR-4 Communication and Outreach activities are managed by the IR-4 Communication Manager with input from many within the IR-4 Project including a Communication Committee with representatives from IR-4 Headquarters, the four IR-4 regions, the Project Management Committee, State Liaisons, and the Commodity Liaison Committee.The Communication Manager routinely seeks additional feedback and suggestions for improvements from stakeholders. IR-4 utilizes programs like Google Analytics and applications within Constant Contact to determine who is using IR-4 electronic communication information. The goal is to use this information to better serve those who are already using the site and to recruit new users. This information is also used to modify communication strategies and increase awareness of IR-4. During the development of the recent IR-4 strategic plan, Vision 2020, stakeholders were asked to rate IR-4 communication and outreach. Over 550 responses were received and 80% agreed that "IR-4 is communicating effectively using its website, social media, newsletter and monthly reports" Only 2% disagreed/strongly disagreed with this statement. Several good suggestions for improvement were made with actions being initiated such as the redesign of the IR-4 website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The IR-4 Project recently updated its strategic plan, Vision 2020: This plan details the IR-4 Project background, vision, mission, values, culture, objectives and funding needs and identifies strategic benchmarks. It is IR-4's plan to: Fund IR-4 State Liaison Representatives to conduct local workshops targeting Cooperative Extension and growers who work to identify newly emerging pest management voids. Replace outdated analytical equipment at the IR-4 Analytical Laboratories. Replace outdated equipment at the IR-4 field research stations Encourage the U.S. Congress to allow 10% indirect cost charge on IR-4 grants to host institutions. Food Program Host an annual prioritization workshop that enables stakeholders to participate in the process of selecting research priorities. Conduct up to six studies with conventional chemical pesticides, biopesticides, and combinations to identify the most promising product(s) to manage a critical pest management void. Conduct approximately 100 Magnitude of the Residue studies annually. When appropriate, conduct residue trials at critical sites to meet international standards. Conduct 50 to 60 field trials annually to collect efficacy and/or crop safety data. Complete the development of the remaining crop grouping expansion proposals and submit them to EPA. Ornamental Horticulture Program Host a workshop once every two years to gain input on the most important pest management voids and establish research priorities. Conduct at least six research projects to screen options for the management of critical pests and to determine whether solutions impact plant quality. Disseminate results through the IR-4 website, presentations at scientific and trade meetings, and communications via social media. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program Encourage submission of "Request for Assistance" forms identifying pest management voids that can potentially be answered by biopesticide technology. Enable stakeholders to provide input on the most important projects and establish research priorities. Conduct up to 20 studies at multiple locations with biopesticides, conventional chemical pesticides and combinations in a strategic manner to determine which program(s) exhibit potential to manage critical pests and pesticide resistance management strategies while potentially lowering chemical residues at harvest. Assist public sector scientists and small businesses on an as-needed basis by providing guidance on the regulatory approval process. Collaborate with Extension to conduct approximately five on-farm Biopesticide Demonstration projects to help specialty crop farmers. The most noteworthy changes under this plan include increased emphasis in helping harmonize global standards for pesticide residues in specialty crops to give domestic producers expedited access to lucrative international markets. Congress authorized this activity in the 2014 Farm Bill. Another ongoing change includes increased emphasis on supporting the strategic use of biopesticides not only to control key pests but to assist in the management of pest resistance to pesticides and reduction of chemical residues in food.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IR-4 Food Use Program During the period of performance, the IR-4 Project initiated 89 studies to answer priorities expressed by stakeholders at the September 2013 IR-4 Food Use Workshop. These studies involved 499 field trials. Over 90 % of these field trials were designed to collect residue samples to support establishment of a pesticide tolerance. The remainder were designed to collect efficacy and crop safety testing data. Data from studies involving 30 chemical pesticides were integrated into a pesticide tolerance petitions and formally submitted to US Environmental Protection Agency. These packages will be reviewed and when deemed appropriate, EPA established a pesticide tolerance through a publication of this action in the Federal Register. During the period of performance, 142 pesticide tolerances were established. Utilizing established crop grouping and other allowable extrapolations, these pesticide tolerances translate to 683 registrations that can be uses to protect the domestic food supply from destructive pests while keeping healthy fruits, nuts, vegetables and other specialty crops available year round at a reasonable price. IR-4 also conducted some product performance testing. During the period of performance, IR-4 started work to address needs for 17 projects, including 36 state university trials and an additional 10 trials by ARS. The economic impact of Food Program deliverables has been quantified. Miller and Leschewski in their "Economic Impact of the IR-4 Project and IR-4 Project Programs" report noted that the Food Crops Program generates economic activity sufficient to support 87,792 U.S. jobs with labor income exceeding $3.5 billion. The IR-4 Food Crop Program and associated research is estimated to add nearly $6.1 billion to annual GDP. IR-4's international partnerships continue to expand and provide IR-4 with additional support. IR-4 realizes as much as $500,000 in savings in research dollars each year with cooperative research with Canada. IR-4 has initiated similar opportunities with Brazil and Costa Rica IR-4 remains the leader in a project to enhance and expand Crop Groups. Crop Groups enable the establishment of pesticide tolerances for a group of crops based on data from a small number of representative crops in a group. Use of extrapolation via crop grouping reduces the amount of required data thus providing a more efficient process that saves valuable resources. The efficiencies gained through crop grouping are significant. On average, EPA grants registrations for about 5 commodities for every IR-4 study conducted. When crop group updates are complete, IR-4 expects 10-15 new uses will be gained for each study. IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program During the period of performance, IR-4 supported 7 registrations (A16901B 45WG, DPX-HGW86, Mainspring 200SC, Marengo G, Mika WG, Regalia MAXX, and Xxpire) for a total of 3,984 new ornamental crop uses. IR-4 prepared 24 summaries (Acetic Acid Crop Safety - 2014, Ammonium Nonanoate Crop Safety - 2014, Beetle, Borer, Weevil & White Grub Efficacy Summary - 2014, Cyflufenamid Crop Safety - 2014, d-Limonene Crop Safety - 2014, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin Crop Safety - 2013, Dimethenamid-p Crop Safety - 2013, Indaziflam Crop Safety - 2013, Isoxaben Crop Safety - 2013, Metconazole Crop Safety - 2014, Oregano Oil Crop Safety - 2014, Oxyfluorfen + Prodiamine Crop Safety - 2013, Pelargonic Acid Crop Safety - 2014, Pyridalyl Crop Safety - 2014, Pyrifluquinazon Crop Safety - 2014, Spirotetramat Crop Safety - 2014, Sulfentrazone + Prodiamine Crop Safety - 2013, Sulfosulfuron Crop Safety - 2014, Tebuconazole Crop Safety Summary - 2014, Thrips Efficacy Summary - 2014, Tolfenpyrad Crop Safety Summary - 2014, Trifluralin + Isoxaben Crop Safety - 2013, Triticonazole Crop Safety - 2013, and Whitefly Efficacy Summary - 2014) with a total of 4,042 trials included. The economic impact of Ornamental Horticulture Program deliverables has been quantified. Miller and Leschewski in their "Economic Impact of the IR-4 Project and IR-4 Project Programs" report noted that the Food Crops Program generates economic activity sufficient to support 14,501 full and part time jobs with wages of $582 million. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program and associated research is estimated to add nearly $1.0 billion to annual GDP. IR-4 Biopesticide and Organic Support The IR-4 Biopesticide program also continues to assist in product development both through the grant and regulatory assistance program. During the period of performance, the Biopesticide Research Grant funded 3 Early Stage (research for products whose core data have not yet been submitted to EPA), 13 Advanced Stage (research for products that have been registered by EPA or are in the registration process but additional data is needed to expand the registration for new crops or new pests) and 7 Demonstration Stage (large-scale plots meant to gather information and provide outreach intended to demonstrate biopesticides as a useful tool in pest management systems) projects. These were conducted by different universities on fruits and vegetables, tropical crops, honeybees, turf and ornamentals. The demonstration stage grants were co-reviewed by EPA and IR-4. Among the high profile invasive pests, the biopesticide program has supported projects involving spotted wing drosophila and brown marmorated stinkbug as well as fireblight on apples. IR-4 submitted amended registration packages for Hops Beta acid, and a new registration for the viral coat protein of papaya ringspot virus to EPA. From efficacy research funded through the biopesticide grant program, there were 7 additions of crops to biopesticide labels. In addition, a 24C labels have been developed for 9, 10 Anthraquinone including Avipel Liquid for Corn (10 states), Avipel Dry formulation for Corn (13 states). In addition, Section 18s were supported for, AV-1011 for rice in Louisiana and Arkansas and the Avipel Liquid in Sunflower in South Dakota. The need for IR-4's services in all four program areas will increase over the next several years. New and emerging factors driving the increased need for IR-4 include the unintentional introduction of new pests/invasive species, pests becoming increasing resistant to available pesticides, increased need for product performance data, increased complexity of regulatory data requirements, internationalization of data requirements, and emerging regulatory issues (e.g. pollinator protection). Other areas identified as forces to drive the increased need for IR-4 include consumer demand for locally grown, pick your own or organically grown specialty crops. There is also anticipation that there will be emerging pest management technology (e.g. RNAi) that will require IR-4's assistance for registration on specialty crops/specialty uses.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Vision 2020: IR-4 Project Strategic Plan 2015-2020
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Starner, V. and S. Novack, 2014. Another Day on the DelMarVa, IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour June 11, 2014 tour book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-22-14, 16 pp.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Homa, K., Barney, W. P., Ward, D. L., Wyenandt, C. A., and Simon, J. E. 2014. Evaluation of fungicides for the control of Peronospora belbahrii on sweet basil in New Jersey. Plant Disease. 98(11):1561-1566.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 45 Number 1 Winter 2014
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 45 Number 3 Spring 2014
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: IR-4 Newsletter Volume 45 Number 3 Fall 2014
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Arsenovic, M, D. Kunkel, J. Baron, and D. Carpenter: The IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects (Food Uses). 68th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society, Philadelphia, PA, January 6-8, 2014
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, R, D.L. Kunkel, and J. Eggleston, 2014. A Quantum Leap, Progress in the discovery of New Crop Protection, Crop Protection Handbook, MeisterPro
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kunkel, Daniel L. and Kimberly Berry. 2014. Codex Maximum Residue Limits: Who uses these Standards? IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 576
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kunkel, D.L., M. Braverman, J. Baron. 2014. Global Minor Use Summits: Outcomes, Progress, and Continuing Activities. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 577
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kunkel, D.L., W. Barney, J. Baron. 2014. Crop Classification and Grouping, Successes and Challenges. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 580
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Baron, J.J., M. Braverman, and D. L. Kunkel. 2014. The Use of Global Residue Data Sets to Facilitate the Establishment of Harmonized Maximum Residue Levels. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 575
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Baron, J.J., D. L. Kunkel and M. Braverman,. 2014. MRL harmonization for specialty crops: A global vision. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 282
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Michael P. Braverman*, Daniel L. Kunkel, Jerry J. Baron Biopesticide Registration Successes of the IR-4 Project and Changes in Regulatory Requirements, in Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities Chapter 17, pp 259265 ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 1172
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Braverman, M. P., D. Kunkel, J. Baron, and J. Sandahl. 2014. Challenges of considering harmonization of GAP and trade in protocol development for magnitude of residue studies in ASEAN and African countries. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 581
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Braverman, M. P., D. Kunkel, and J. Baron. 2014. Utilizing good science to bridge the gap between research and registration of RNAi and other biotechnology based tools. IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, San Francisco, California, August 2014, Abstract # 719.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Arsenovic, M., D. L. Kunkel, and J. J. Baron. 2014. IR-4 Update on Weed Control Projects (Food Use Program). Weed Science Society of America Abstracts # 45.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Braverman, M. P., J. Baron, D. Kunkel, and M. Arsenovic. 2014. Regulatory Update of the IR-4 Project Biopesticide and Organic Support Program. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts # 281.


Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The primary stakeholders of IR-4 research activities are the domestic growers of food and non-food specialty crops. Representatives from this specialized segment of agriculture have significant involvement with the operations of IR-4. For example, all sponsored research is stakeholder driven and research is prioritized at the annual IR-4 Food and Ornamental Workshops by growers, commodity organizations and university research and extension specialists who specifically represent grower needs. IR-4 research activity is a direct reflection of the priorities set at these workshops by the representatives of the primary stakeholders.The representatives of the primary stakeholders also include the twenty-five members of IR-4 Commodity Liaison Committee and the thirty-five members of the Minor Crop Farmers Alliance. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The majority of IR-4 research operates in a regulated environment that requires compliance to US EPA Good Laboratory Practice Requirements (GLPs). In association with the GLP, we participate with other IR-4 units in monthly GLP/research process webinars. Every three years, IR-4 conducts a national training program that brings together all field scientists, analytical chemists, research managers, study directors, quality assurance and Project management in one location for extensive professional development. IR-4 hosted the National Training Conference in February 2013. Key topic included on the new electronic QA reporting system (eQA). Additional educational opportunities are provided to employees via monthly training sessions and specific “as needed” basis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? IR-4 has invested in a full-time Communication Manager to ensure that information about Project results and success are available to the communities of interest and other interested parties. The results of IR-4 research activity is broadly distributed via an electronic monthly report, a quarterly IR-4 Newsletter (http://ir4.rutgers.edu/media.html), through IR-4 news blogs when appropriate. IR-4 maintains 2 Facebook pages and a Twitter account to further disseminate information. Several articles highlighting IR-4 50th Anniversary events were published by the news media. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The outcome of the 2013 Food Use Workshop and subsequent discussions with stakeholders has resulted in a research plan for 2014 that includes 75 new magnitude of residue studies consisting of 447 field trials. The Canadian Minor Use Program, CN-PMC, is cooperating on 22 of those studies and contributing 54 field trials. There will also be an additional forty four 2014 field trials to complete 20 ongoing studies from 2013. An enhanced Cucurbit Vegetable Crop Group petition will be submitted in early 2014. It is expected that as EPA completes their reviews of pending crop group updates, additional final rules will be published in 2014. Equally important, the effort to update crop groups continues with Codex and it is expected that additional crop groups will be adopted in the near future. A listing of IR-4 projects in the queue for future submission to EPA can be viewed on the IR-4 website at: http://www.ir4.rutgers.edu/FoodUse/Food_UseSimple.cfm?simple=1. EPA posts their Multi-Year work plan that includes IR-4 pending submissions at: http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/workplan/newuse.htm. IR-4 submissions are generally reviewed by EPA and a tolerance established within a 15 month review timeline. IR-4 continues to support EPA’s goal of encouraging the use of pesticides that pose less risk to human health and the environment compared to existing alternatives. IR-4 continues to make requests of EPA that many of our submissions be classified as reduced risk. In October 2013 IR-4 hosted a Ornamental Priority Setting Workshop where research ideas for 2014/2015 were articulated.Research projects selected include: Thrips Efficacy, Armored Scale Efficacy, New Insecticide Crop Safety, Botrytis Efficacy, Leaf Spot & Anthracnose Efficacy, New Fungicide Crop Safety, Pre-Emergent Liquid Herbicide Crop Safety (Tower EC and Dimension 2EW), and Ornamental Grass Herbicide Crop Safety (Dimension 2EW, Gallery, and Pendulum 2G). The trend of major crop protection companies purchasing biopesticide companies and/or developing their own biopesticide product lines continues. IR-4’s Biopesticide and Organic Support Program will work with biopesticide companies in providing assistance for bringing their products through the EPA approval process. This will give growers more options in dealing with pest pressures that threaten their crops.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? IR-4 Food Use Program As a result of IR-4 submissions, EPA established a total of 187 permanent tolerances. Through extrapolation via crop grouping and crop definitions, these tolerances support 1032 new specialty crop uses that can be added to product labels. These new successes will bring the total number of food uses supported throughout the history of IR-4 to nearly 16,000 for U.S. specialty crop growers. The 2013 Food Use research program consisted of 84 new residue projects and a carry-over of 7 projects that were started in 2012. The 2013 studies consisted of a total of 534 field trials. Seventy-one data packages on 28 different pest control products were submitted to EPA; once reviewed and approved these should support hundreds of new uses. IR-4 supports final labels by performing product performance and crop safety research. The data from this research supported over 20 new uses. This research was conducted in cooperation with U.S. and Canadian researchers.IR-4 launched an electronic QA reporting system (eQA) on October 2013. This web based electronic reporting system allows paperless reporting of QA inspections and audits from IR-4 QA staff located throughout the U.S. to IR-4 GLP researchers and cooperators, saving IR-4 significant paper, copying and mailing costs and time . Seven products were submitted by IR-4 directly to Codex international process for review that should support Maximum Residue Levels on nearly 25 different commodities. IR-4 also provided cooperating registrants with data on an additional seven products to support international MRLs. IR-4 international partnerships continue to expand and provide IR-4 with additional support. IR-4 realizes as much as $500,000 in savings in research dollars each year with cooperative research with Canada . IR-4 has now initiated similar opportunities with Brazil and more recently with Costa Rica Crop group updates continue to move forward. The revised Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables, Legume Vegetable, and Foliage of Legume Vegetables were all submitted to the EPA during 2013. IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program continues to contribute to growers’ efficiencies and crop loss avoidance by providing efficacy and crop safety data to support product labels and by providing an information bank for growers when they are making pest management decisions. During 2013, five new labels were registered by EPA covering disease, insect/mite and weed management issues. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program collaborated with national and international researchers to study biology and mitigation of several invasive diseases and insects. The gladiolus rust project has identified gladiolus cultivars less susceptible to infection and demonstrated fungicide programs to eliminate disease expression. The research examining chrysanthemum white rust has illustrated that Puccinia horiana grows within chrysanthemum stems and can overwinter in crown tissues along with studying preventative and curative fungicide efficacy. Boxwood blight remains a growing issue with several new states observing the disease for the first time in 2013. Research into this disease is multipronged: fungicide efficacy, use of sanitizers, characteristics of fungal spores such as stability under different temperatures, host resistance, population and genetic variability, and development of diagnostic tools. These efforts have already begun to influence grower practices in managing gladiolus rust and boxwood blight. IR-4 Biopesticide and Organic Support The IR-4 Biopesticide program also continues to assist in product development both through the grant and regulatory assistance program. The Biopesticide Research Grant funded 1 Early Stage (research for products whose core data have not yet been submitted to EPA), 14 Advanced Stage (research for products that have been registered by EPA or are in the registration process but additional data is needed to expand the registration for new crops or new pests) and 8 Demonstration Stage (large-scale plots meant to gather information and provide outreach intended to demonstrate biopesticides as a useful tool in pest management systems) projects. These were conducted by different universities and USDA research units on fruits and vegetables, tropical crops, forestry, honeybees, turf and ornamentals. Among the high profile invasive pests, the biopesticide program has supported projects involving spotted wing drosophila and brown marmorated stinkbug as well as red bay ambrosia beetle, medfly and phorid fly on mushroom. IR-4 submissions for EPA biochemical classification included a package for propylene glycol alginate, which was approved. Registrations facilitated by IR-4 submissions to EPA included (Z,E)-7, 9, 11-Dodecatrienyl formate which is the pheromone of the carob moth. In addition, this was also supported through funding of efficacy studies of the pheromone in dates in California. From efficacy research funded through the biopesticide grant program, there were 13 additions of crops to biopesticide labels. IR-4 submitted two new active ingredient registrations to EPA. A natural product derived from hop plants, the potassium salts of hop beta acids has been submitted to EPA for the management of varroa mites. Varroa mites are deemed a major contributor to Colony Collapse Disorder. The loss of methyl bromide in many specialty crops has left a void in nematode management. The biopesticide program has funded grants on several biopesticide products which are now registered for managing nematodes in food and ornamental crops. Propylene glycol alginate is a new active ingredient submission which is meant to target several species of nematodes when used at planting or transplanting food crops, ornamentals and turf. In addition there was an amended formulation of Aspergillus flavus AF36, named AF36 Prevail which should increase production efficiency and capacity of the work of the Arizona Cotton Research and Protection Council.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: The IR-4 Project continues to develop necessary data to support the registration of pest control products for specialty crops and other markets where industry sector lacks the incentive to register the important uses. Food Program: based on IR-4 submissions, EPA approved 188 new pesticide tolerances supporting 766 new uses. EPA also codified updates to the stone fruit and tree nut crop groups. To support future registrations on food crops, IR-4 initiated 75 new residue studies that consisted of 532 field trials. IR-4 also conducted over 85 efficacy and/or crop safety trials on food crops to answer the product performance data requirements for 29 projects. IR-4 submitted new residue tolerance petitions on 37 different chemicals to EPA that cover over 160 IR-4 requests from stakeholders and should provide hundreds of new crop registrations for growers. Also submitted to EPA were proposals to expand and enhance the Leafy vegetables; Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole; and Brassica Head & Stem Vegetable crop groups. In an effort to eliminate pesticide residues as a barrier of access to export markets, IR-4 prepared data packages for four active ingredients (data from over 20 IR-4 studies, that include over 30 commodities) and submitted them to the Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues. IR-4 also co-sponsored the Second Global Minor Use Summit, which was held in Rome Italy (FAO Headquarters) and attended by more than 230 participants from 60 countries. During this period, IR-4 completed a global residue study (data from 9 countries involving 27 trials) for flupyradifurone (a new insecticide) on blueberries which was included in the initial submission for this chemical. Biopesticide & Organic Support Program: IR-4 solicited biopesticide research proposals and funded 19 research projects. IR-4 submitted biopesticide data packages to EPA supporting registration of carob moth pheromone on dates. IR-4's efforts in funding biopesticide grant research has facilitated 10 new biopesticide registrations on food crops and ornamentals including Reynoutria sachanilensis, Phoma macrostoma, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma virens G41. Ornamental Horticulture Program: EPA approved 6 new Ornamental registrations and label amendments for ornamental horticulture crops partially based on IR-4 data, which specifically impacted 2485 ornamental uses. During this period IR-4 implemented activities for future registrations including: initiating 740 field and greenhouse trials on ornamental crops to collect efficacy and/or crop safety data within 481 studies; writing and submitting to registrants 22 data summaries to registrants to expand the use of pesticides on ornamentals; and collaborating with national and international scientists on the development of efficacy data for invasive species. Public Health Program: IR-4 submitted additional data to support IR-4's 1st public health pesticide residue study to support registration of etofenprox to control adult mosquitoes near crops. Also expanded online database and published Public Health Pesticides Inventory, with information on specifications, regulatory, use, efficacy, and safety information on 600+ materials. PARTICIPANTS: Jerry Baron, Ph.D. - Executive Director; Marija Arsenovic, Ph.D. - Study Director, Weed Science; Tammy White Barkalow, M.S. - Assistant Director, Quality Assurance Unit; William Barney, M.S. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group and Manager, Crop Grouping; Michael Braverman, Ph.D. - Manager, Biopesticide Program; Deborah Carpenter, Ph.D. - Assistant Director, Registrations; Johannes Corley, Ph.D. - Study Director, Residue Chemistry Working Group; Keith Dorschner, Ph.D. - Manager, Insecticides; Jane Forder, B.A - Quality Assurance Unit; K. Hackett-Fields, A.A. - Quality Assurance Unit; Kathryn Homa, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; Diane Infante, A.A. - Research Associate, Project Planning; Daniel Kunkel, Ph.D - Associate Director, Food & International Programs; Raymond Leonard, B.A. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cristi Palmer, Ph.D. - Manager, Ornamental Horticulture Program; Bharti Patel, B.S - Quality Assurance Unit; Kenneth Samoil, M.S. - Study Director, Insecticides; Van Starner, Ph.D - Assistant Director, Research Planning & Outreach; Tracey Switek, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; David Thompson, Ph.D. - Manager, Fungicides; Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC) - high value specialty crop growers and food processors are represented throughout the process and in overall management decisions by involvement on the Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC), consisting of approximately 25 members; Crop Protection Industry - IR-4 would not have new products to make available as crop protection tools for specialty crop growers without the cooperation of the biopesticide and chemical companies, who discover, develop, register, and market their new technologies. IR- 4 personnel visit regularly with these companies to maintain connections and obtain new information; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a long term IR-4 partner - IR-4 meets formally at least three times a year with EPA to discuss new regulatory approaches and ways to enhance the ongoing petition submission/review process, improving regulatory efficiencies, data requirements, and research collaboration. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    The regulatory approval of safe and effective crop protection chemicals and biopesticides to assist in the production of food/non-food ornamentals crops and to protect man and animals from arthropod pests that vector disease continues to be the central objective of the IR-4 Project. IR-4 is committed to provide the support required to give specialty growers and other minor use stakeholders the tools they need to be successful, competitive and safe. The IR-4 Project remains a pivotal resource in providing US population a plentiful and low-cost array of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and ornamental crops since 1963 by facilitating the registration of newer, lower-toxic pest control products with the EPA for application on specialty crops. Specialty crop growers often are at a disadvantage relative to major crops (corn, soybean, cotton and other program crops) in having access to effective crop loss mitigation options against common agricultural pests. Specialty crops make up about 40 percent of the total value of U.S. crop production and include both food and ornamental crops that afford insufficient economic incentive for a pesticide companies to support initial or continuing registration of commercial pesticides. As all agricultural uses of pesticides are regulated by the EPA, each use must be registered. Such registration is costly, making only registration for uses on any but large acreage crops unprofitable for pesticide companies. The IR-4 Project leverages resources to pursue registration for such uses. When well-established methods of measuring direct and secondary economic impacts are used to gauge the contributions of the IR-4 Project and its three primary programs, including the Food Crops, Ornamental, and Biological and Organic Support programs in terms of sales, employment and gross domestic product is significant. Each program posits real economic benefits to growers and the economy as a whole. Specifically, growers benefit in higher yields with higher quality output, consumers benefit by higher varieties and lower costs to food and ornamental crops, and the industry benefits through better global competitiveness of U.S. output. Including all secondary impacts, the IR-4 Project is anticipated to support research and industry sales sufficient to support 104,650 U.S. jobs and bumps annual gross domestic product by $7.3 billion.

    Publications

    • Kunkel, D. L. and A. Norden. 2012. Guidance Document on Regulatory Incentives for the Registration of Pesticides for Minor Uses. Global Minor Use Summit II, February 21-23, 2012. FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Kunkel, D. L. and B. Barney. 2012. Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides for Commodity Groups. Global Minor Use Summit II, February 21-23, 2012. FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Kunkel, D. L., J. J. Baron and D. Infante. 2012. US IR-4 Program and Global Minor Use Summit II, February 21-23, 2012. FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Kunkel, D. 2012. Report of the Second Minor Use Summit. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome Italy, February 21-23, 2012. Outlooks on Pest Management 23(5) pages 229-239
    • Palmer, C.L. 2012. Spotlight on Ornamentals. IR-4 Newletter. Vol. 43 No. 3. Fall 2012.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2012. The IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects (Food Uses). Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society, Volume 66, p. 72.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, J. J. Baron, and D. Carpenter, 2012. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. Weed Science Society of America Meeting, Kona, HI, Poster
    • Braverman, M., J.J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2012.Global Tomato Residue Study. Global Minor Use Summit II, FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Braverman, M. 2012. Supervised Field Trial Management.Global Minor Use Summit II, FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Braverman, M. 2012. Coordination of Residue Studies. Global Minor Use Summit II, FAO, Rome, Italy.
    • Hester, K., C.L. Palmer, E. Vea, J. Baron, and E. Lurvey. 2012. The 2011 IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Update. Proceedings of the 66th Northeastern Weed Science Society.January 2012.
    • Hester, K., C.L. Palmer, E. Vea, J. Baron, and E. Lurvey. 2012. Update on 2011 Weed Science Research in the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program. Proceedings of the 66th Northeastern Weed Science Society. January 2012.
    • Palmer, C.L., 2012. Establishing Some Boundaries: What Management Tools can be used for Edible Crops and Why. Presentation and Proceedings for SAF Pest & Production Management Conference, February, 2012.
    • Scorza, R. A. Callahan, M. Ravelonandro and M. Braverman 2012. Development and Regulation of the Plum Pox VirusResistant Transgenic Plum HoneySweet Chapter 12 in Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada. C. Wozniak and A. McHughen, editors. Springer ISBN 978-94-007-2155-5
    • Braverman, M. and J.J. Baron. 2012. The IR-4 Project Efforts in Development of Natural Products in Weed Management. IPM Meetings, Memphis, TN.
    • Starner, V. and S. Novack, 2012. From Farm to Store to Your Front Door, Virginia Fruits & Vegetables. IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour June 20, 2012 tour book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-22-12, 16 pp.
    • Starner, V, D. Kunkel and J. Baron, 2012. IR-4 Project Update (HQ Status Report). Invited presentation at the Annual Northcentral Region IR-4 Liaisons Meeting, East Lansing, MI, 8/20/12.
    • Starner, V, J. Baron and D. Kunkel, 2012. The IR-4 Project at Rutgers. Invited lecture for Rutgers Agricultural Entomology & Pest Management class, 03/09/12.
    • Fraelich, B.A., B. T. Scully, S.M. Schneider, C.L. Palmer, and P.H. Schwartz. 2012.Phytotoxicity Of Fungicides, Herbicides and Insecticides/Acaricides On Ornamental Conifer Division: Pinophyta) Species In Southeastern U.S for Interregional Research Program (IR-4). Poster at American Society for Horticulture Science Annual Meeting, August, 2012.


    Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Food Program: IR-4 started 90 new studies to provide crop protection products that answer specialty crop pest needs. Additionally IR-4 submitted 179 petitions to USEPA to establish pesticide tolerance. These petitions support registrations on 31 chemicals. The largest bundled package in IR-4 history was made (expected to provide for more than 350 uses) containing 5 administrative volumes for 5 active ingredients, 14 final reports (IR-4 studies), 21 end-use product labels, and 78 tolerance requests. IR-4 data continues to be of high quality. Of importance in compliance are internal audits and inspections. The 2011 audit plan included 24 facility, 212 field in-life, 128 analytical in-life, 110 analytical summary report/data audits and 669 field data book audits. In addition, 83 final reports and amended reports were audited. IR-4 submitted 2 proposals to EPA designed to expand and enhance existing Crop Groups. Four IR-4 data packages were submitted to the Codex Committee of Pesticide Residues or to foreign regulatory authorities to support US exports of specialty crops. IR-4 hosted the 2011 Food Use Workshop in Raleigh, NC. Participants (growers, commodity organizations, university research and extension specialists and EPA staff) collectively determine the project priorities based on the importance of the specific disease, insect, or weed and the ability of the control tactic to manage the problem. Stakeholders worked through the slate of about 210 potential projects crop by crop, and reached agreement on the 45 most important priorities for 2012 research. Following the workshop, IR-4 held a National Research Planning meeting to assign field and laboratory sites for the next year's research projects. HQ drafts research protocols, distributes them to stakeholders and field directors for review and comment, integrates comments received, and issues a final research protocol. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program: a Call for Proposals was widely distributed within the biopesticide and IR-4 communities. In response to the broad solicitation, proposals were submitted and reviewed. The selection committee recommended 12 advanced stage, 6 early stage and 4 demonstration projects for funding, all of which IR-4 Project Management Committee approved. IR-4 biopesticide submissions to EPA included amended volumes for Bacteriophage of Clavobacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato, and Aspergillus flavus AF36 on pistachio. New Section 3 packages were submitted for Oriental beetle pheromone and carob moth pheromone. IR-4 submissions for EPA biochemical classification included packages for hops beta acid and Lysine. Ornamental Horticulture Program: The Ornamental Horticulture Program Workshop was held in Sacramento, CA where future priorities are chosen. Ornamental Horticulture Program outputs included 11 registrations. Of 4 new and 4 amended labels were registered by EPA covering disease, pest and weed management issues. PARTICIPANTS: Jerry Baron, Ph.D. - Executive Director; Marija Arsenovic, Ph.D. - Study Director, Weed Science; Tammy White Barkalow, M.S. - Assistant Director, Quality Assurance Unit; William Barney, M.S. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group and Manager, Crop Grouping; Michael Braverman, Ph.D. - Manager, Biopesticide Program; Deborah Carpenter, M.S. - Assistant Director, Registrations; Johannes Corley, Ph.D. - Study Director, Residue Chemistry Working Group; Keith Dorschner, Ph.D. - Manager, Insecticides; Jane Forder, B.A - Quality Assurance Unit; K. Hackett-Fields, A.A. - Quality Assurance Unit; Kathryn Homa, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; Diane Infante, A.A. - Research Associate, Project Planning; Daniel Kunkel, Ph.D - Associate Director, Food & International Programs; Raymond Leonard, B.A. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cristi Palmer, Ph.D. - Manager, Ornamental Horticulture Program; Bharti Patel, B.S - Quality Assurance Unit; Kenneth Samoil, M.S. - Study Director, Insecticides; Van Starner, Ph.D - Assistant Director, Research Planning & Outreach; Tracey Switek, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; David Thompson, Ph.D. - Manager, Fungicides; Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC) - high value specialty crop growers and food processors are represented throughout the process and in overall management decisions by involvement on the Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC), consisting of approximately 25 members; Crop Protection Industry - IR-4 would not have new products to make available as crop protection tools for specialty crop growers without the cooperation of the biopesticide and chemical companies, who discover, develop, register, and market their new technologies. IR- 4 personnel visit regularly with these companies to maintain connections and obtain new information; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a long term IR-4 partner - IR-4 meets formally at least three times a year with EPA to discuss new regulatory approaches and ways to enhance the ongoing petition submission/review process, improving regulatory efficiencies, data requirements, and research collaboration. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    Food Program: EPA approvals of IR-4 submitted data supported 382 potential new registrations that can be used by specialty crop growers to solve their pest management needs. Of these, 220 already appear on product labels and IR-4 expects the majority of those remaining may be registered in time for the 2012 growing season. IR-4 works to provide the newest and safest technology to benefit growers and the environment. There are 2 new and exciting products: BYI-02960 (insecticide) and QGU-42 (fungicide), both are cutting edge materials and high priority research projects on several commodities in IR-4's 2011 research plan. IR-4 expects registrations as early as 2014 for BYI-02960 and 2015 for QGU-42. Due to the efforts of the IR-4 Crop Grouping Update Project, revisions of nearly two-thirds of the crop groups have been submitted and in use saving IR-4, the regulated community and EPA significant resources in data development and review costs. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program, IR-4 efforts supported the Section 3 registration approval of bacteriophage of Clavobacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato. IR-4 first became aware of the lack of effective conventional alternatives to control bacterial canker disease during a tour of a commercial tomato greenhouse facility. To remove diseased tissue, the grower's only option was to prune plants and in many cases destroy all plants in a bay. IR-4 was instrumental in moving this project through the discovery phase, worked with a registrant that had a potential solution, funded greenhouse efficacy trials, and submitted the completed package to the EPA for registration. Ornamental Horticulture Program: The 11 registrations supported by IR-4 influenced the use of pesticides on 2572 species of non-food crops. One product label updated in 2011, Safari 20G (dinotefuran), illustrates IR-4's impact. IR-4 research contributed to the addition of seven new pests on the Safari 20G label in 2011. Nine new research reports and two research summaries were added to the website containing Safari 20SG data. And this is just one example out of many where IR-4 addresses specific grower needs and provides additional resources for growers. Economic Analysis - Michigan State University's Center for Economic Analysis completed an economic assessment analysis of IR-4 in 2011. The full report can be found at www.ir4.rutgers.edu: The report documented that IR-4's Food Program contributed $6.2 billion impact on U.S. GDP; Ornamental Horticulture $1.0 billion impact on U.S. GDP and Biopesticide & Organic Support $155 million impact on U.S. GDP. They concluded "the IR-4 Project is anticipated to support research and industry sales sufficient to support 104,650 U.S. jobs and bumps annual gross domestic product by more than $7.2 billion."

    Publications

    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron, 2011. The IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects (Food Uses). Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society, Volume 65, p. 72, 01/03/2011.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J. J. Baron, 2011. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. WSSA Meeting, Portland, OR. Oral Presentation, 02/07/2011.
    • Chase, A.R. and C.L. Palmer, 2011. Bacterial Disease Management: Current Efficacy Research. Presentation and Proceedings for SAF Pest & Production Management Conference, 02/01/2011.
    • Fraelich, B.A., B. T. Scully, S.M. Schneider, and C.L. Palmer, IR-4 Headquarters, Rutgers University, Princeton, NJ, 2011. Interregional Research Program IR-4 for the Field Assessment of Fungicides, Herbicides and Insecticides/Acaricides on Ornamental Horticultural Crops in Southeastern U.S. Poster at American Society for Horticulture Science Annual Meeting, 09/01/2011.
    • Ludwig, S.W., C.L. Palmer, T. Bunnell, J.C. Adams, B. Balogh, P. Hernandez, A. Walston, 2011. Managing western flower thrips in floriculture production with tolfenpyrad (Hachi-HachiTM). 2011. Presentation at Entomology Society of America Annual Meeting, 11/1/2011.
    • Ludwig, S.W., C.L. Palmer, T. Bunnell, J.C. Adams, B. Balogh, P. Hernandez, A. Walston, 2011. Managing key pests of ornamental crops with tolfenpyrad (Hachi-HachiTM). Poster at Entomology Society of America Annual Meeting, 11/1/2011.
    • Palmer C.L., J. Baron, and E. Vea, 2011. Update on the 2010 Weed Science Research Program and 2010 Research Priorities. Proceedings of the 65th Northeastern Weed Science Society. 01/01/2011.
    • Palmer C.L., 2011. Mums and the IR-4 Project. American Chrysanthemum Society Newsletter, 03/01/2011
    • Palmer C.L., J. Baron, E. Vea, and E. Lurvey, 2011. Update on 2010 and 2011 plant pathology research in the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program. Presentation at North East Division American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 10/01/2011.
    • Starner, V.R. and S. Novack, 2011. In Search of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Solutions. IR-4/EPA/USDA 2011 Field Tour Book, 06/22/2011.
    • Valencia-Botin, A., J. W. Buck, S.N. Jeffers, C.L. Palmer, 2011. Managing Gladiolus Rust in Mexico With Fungicides. Poster Presentation at 2011 American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. 08/01/2011.


    Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: Food Program: IR-4 hosted the 2010 Food Use Workshop in Summerlin, NV. Participants (growers, commodity organizations, university research and extension specialists and EPA staff) collectively determine the project priorities based on the importance of the specific disease, insect, or weed and the ability of the control tactic to manage the problem. The crop protection industry representatives are consulted to confirm their support for adding new specialty crop uses to their product labels. Following the workshop, IR-4 holds a National Research Planning meeting to assign field and laboratory sites for the next year's research projects. HQ drafts research protocols, distributes them to stakeholders and field directors for review and comment, integrates comments received, and issues a final research protocol. Every research project has its own specific timeline. In an effort to accelerate the timelines, an ad-hoc committee comprised of Field Research Directors, Region Field Coordinators, ARS Laboratory, Quality Assurance, Study Directors and Crop Protection Industry was established to make recommendations on how generalized procedures, processes and actions within the IR-4 research system can be modified to reduce the time needed to develop and submit data to EPA to support registrations. To gain the most value for the funded research, IR-4 has supported efforts to establish and expand crop groups. Crop Groups is a concept where data developed for a few similar crops can be extrapolated and used to support registrations on other related crops. IR-4 HQ has been instrumental in expanding the number of crop groups and the number of crops within the groups. In an effort to give US growers better access to international markets IR-4 is taking steps to remove pesticide residues on U.S. grown produce as a trade barrier. IR-4 proactively works with counterparts in developed and developing countries to coordinate research studies and data development on pesticide uses of mutual interest. IR-4 takes existing domestic data, reforms it, supplements it with supporting information/data and submits it to international authorities to establish international Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Having established MRLs allows for easier importation of the U.S. specialty crops. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program: a Call for Proposals is distributed widely within the biopesticide and IR-4 communities; it is posted on the IR-4 website and distributed via email to University researchers, departments and grant personnel as well as societal organizations who distribute to their members and the Public Relations Specialist includes the announcement in monthly publications and announcements that are sent either via post or email. Ornamental Horticulture Program: The Ornamental Horticulture Program Workshop is held every other year - the last workshop was in 2009 and the next is scheduled for 2011. PARTICIPANTS: Jerry Baron, Ph.D. - Executive Director; Marija Arsenovic, Ph.D. - Study Director, Weed Science; Tammy White Barkalow, M.S. - Assistant Director, Quality Assurance Unit; William Barney, M.S. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group and Manager, Crop Grouping; Michael Braverman, Ph.D. - Manager, Biopesticide Program; Deborah Carpenter, M.S. - Assistant Director, Registrations; Johannes Corley, Ph.D. - Study Director, Residue Chemistry Working Group; Keith Dorschner, Ph.D. - Manager, Insecticides; Jane Forder, B.A - Quality Assurance Unit; K. Hackett-Fields, A.A. - Quality Assurance Unit; Kathryn Homa, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; Diane Infante, A.A. - Research Associate, Project Planning; Daniel Kunkel, Ph.D - Associate Director, Food & International Programs; Raymond Leonard, B.A. - Study Director, Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cristi Palmer, Ph.D. - Manager, Ornamental Horticulture Program; Bharti Patel, B.S - Quality Assurance Unit; Kenneth Samoil, M.S. - Study Director, Insecticides; Van Starner, Ph.D - Assistant Director, Research Planning & Outreach; Tracey Switek, B.S. - Assistant Coordinator, Insecticides and Interdisciplinary Working Group; David Thompson, Ph.D. - Manager, Fungicides; Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC) - high value specialty crop growers and food processors are represented throughout the process and in overall management decisions by involvement on the Commodity Liaison Committee (CLC), consisting of approximately 25 members; Crop Protection Industry - IR-4 would not have new products to make available as crop protection tools for specialty crop growers without the cooperation of the biopesticide and chemical companies, who discover, develop, register, and market their new technologies. IR- 4 personnel visit regularly with these companies to maintain connections and obtain new information; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a long term IR-4 partner - IR-4 meets formally at least three times a year with EPA to discuss new regulatory approaches and ways to enhance the ongoing petition submission/review process, improving regulatory efficiencies, data requirements, and research collaboration. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    Food Program: EPA established 219 new permanent pesticide tolerances supporting 786 new uses. Of these new uses, over 80% are registered (labeled) and available for use by growers, with anticipated registration of the remaining 20% in 2011. EPA also established the new Oil Seed Crop Group and enhanced the existing Fruiting Vegetable, Citrus and Pome Fruit Crop groups. Activities in 2010 that support future deliverables/registrations on food crops involve the initiation of 84 residue studies that consisted of 604 field trials. Canada participated in 16 of these studies and contributed 53 field trials. IR-4 also conducted over 50 efficacy and/or crop safety trials on food crops to answer the product performance data requirements for 24 projects. IR-4 submitted 55 new residue tolerance petitions to EPA. Also submitted to EPA were proposals to expand and enhance the edible and inedible peel tropical crop groups. In an effort to eliminate pesticide residues as a barrier of access to export markets, IR-4 developed data packages for four active ingredients (data from over 20 IR-4 studies) and submitted them to the Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues (JMPR). The data supported 16 Codex Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). IR-4 continues to make progress in the Global Residue Study. This study tests the effect of environment at 27 test locations throughout the world on the pesticide residues levels on tomato fruit. The fruit were exposed to four active ingredients at the same application rates using uniform spray equipment. Residue data were obtained from 21 field trial sites in 2010; data from the other sites are expected in 2011. IR-4 completed its first public health pesticide residue study to support registration of ethofenprox to control adult mosquitoes near crops, which will be submitted to EPA in 2011. Biopesticide and Organic Support Program: Proposals from stakeholders were submitted, a review committee discussed the merits of the proposals and recommended to PMC the projects to be funded. IR-4 funded the following biopesticide projects: 5 early stage; 21 advanced stage and 10 demonstration. IR-4 submitted 6 biopesticide data packages to support registrations. IR-4's efforts facilitated 3 new registrations, including acetic acid for weed control in organically grown food and ornamental crops; HoneySweet Plum, a USDA plant incorporated protectant technology to combat Plum Pox Virus in stone fruit and almond; and Trichoderma hamatum isolate 382 for disease control uses in all food and ornamental crops. Ornamental Horticulture Program: HQ prepares summaries of the research conducted and sends them to each manufacturer who uses them to register new products or expand existing labels. This information is posted on the IR-4 website: www.ir4.rutgers.edu; IR-4 data has been used to support 4 new registrations and label amendments for ornamental horticulture crops, which positively impacted 2367 ornamental uses; conducted 1473 field trials on ornamental crops to collect efficacy and/or crop safety data within 912 studies; developed and submitted 21 data summaries to registrants to expand the use of pesticides on ornamentals.

    Publications

    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. The IR-4 Project Public Health Pesticides Program. Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program Review (Dec), Gainesville, FL.
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. The IR-4 Public Health Pesticides Program: Filling the Vector Control Toolbox! American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene Annual Meeting (Nov), Atlanta, GA
    • Malamud-Roam, K., et. al. 2010. AMCA Annual Washington Conference: Training & Orientation Session. American Mosquito Control Association, 75th Annual Meeting, April, Lexington, KY
    • Malamud-Roam, K., & K. Sweeney. 2010. From pesticide discovery to registration ─ Unclogging the product development pipeline. American Mosquito Control Association, 75th Annual Meeting, April, Lexington, KY
    • Malamud-Roam, K., S.E. Cope, and D. Strickman. 2010. IR-4: The New Partner in the Search for Public Health Pesticides. Wingbeats, Fall 2010.
    • Novack, S. 2010. IR-4 Newsletter. Vol. 41 No. 1, January 2010.
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. Critical Legislative & Regulatory Issues Affecting AMCA members. American Mosquito Control Association, May, Washington Day
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. Finding a needle in a haystack: Discovering and developing new pesticides. American Mosquito Control Association, 75th Annual Meeting, April, Lexington, KY
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. Legislative & Regulatory Symposium I: Protecting our Existing Chemical Toolbox. American Mosquito Control Association, 75th Annual Meeting, April, Lexington, KY
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. Overview of legislative and regulatory issues facing the AMCA. American Mosquito Control Association, 75th Annual Meeting, April, Lexington, KY
    • Novack, S. 2010. IR-4 Newsletter. Vol. 41 No. 2, April 2010.
    • Novack, S. 2010. IR-4 Newsletter. Vol. 41 No. 3, July 2010
    • Novack, S. 2010. IR-4 Newsletter. Vol. 41 No. 4, October 2010
    • Palmer, C.L., J. Baron, and E. Vea. 2010. Update on the 2009 Weed Science Research Program and 2009 Research Priorities. Proceedings of the 65th Northeastern Weed Science Society.
    • Starner, V.R., J.J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel and S. Novack. 2010. Invited lecture "The IR-4 Project at Rutgers" 2/15/10 in Rutgers Entomology course "Agricultural Entomology and Pest Management" taught by Dr. George Hamilton.
    • Starner, V.R. and S. Novack. 2010. "A Day on the DelMarVa", IR-4/EPA/USDA 2010 Field Tour Book, June 23, 2010, 28 pages.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2010. IR-4 Project: Update Herbicide Registration (Food Uses). Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society, Volume 64, p. 48.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J. J. Baron. 2010. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Contro Projects. Proceedings WSSA, Volume 50, Abstract Number 75.
    • Braverman, M., J J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2010. AN OVERVIEW AND FUTURE TRENDS OF U.S. BIOPESTICIDE REGULATIONS. Outlooks on Pest Management, Volume 21, Number 3, June 2010 , pp. 132-134(3)
    • Braverman, M., J.J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel, and V.R. Starner. 2010. Getting materials approved for organic production. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts SYM 167
    • Braverman, M. 2010. Case Studies for Biopesticides as Resistance Management Tools. Biopesticide Industry Alliance Meeting Ottawa, Canada
    • Corley, J. S., D. L. Kunkel and J. J. Baron (IR-4), F. Leim (U.S. EPA), J. Sandahl (USDA-FAS) 2010, J. S. Corley presenter at GLP Training Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, June 2010 Sponsored by the USDA-FAS.
    • Braverman, M., J J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2010. Global Residue Study- Potential for Zoning and Data Sharing. 12th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry. Melbourne Australia, July 2010.
    • Braverman, M. 2010 Challenges and Successes of Registering Microbial Biopesticides. American Phytopathological Society Meetings, Charlotte, NC
    • Braverman M. and J.J. Baron. 2010. The Role of IR-4 in Facilitating the Registration of Biopesticides. International Workshop Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities. Leesburg, VA.
    • Braverman, M. 2010. The Use and Regulation of Microbial Pesticides Worldwide- United States. Pages 74-79 in Kabaluk, J. Todd, Antonet M. Svircev, Mark. S. Goettel, and Stephanie G. Woo (ed.). 2010. The Use and Regulation of Microbial Pesticides in Representative Jurisdictions Worldwide. IOBC Global. 99pp. Available online through www.IOBC-Global.org
    • Corley, J. S., D. L. Kunkel and J. J. Baron 2010. JMPR submissions, Codex MRL's and their importance to global trade of agricultural commodities. 12th IUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Melbourne, Australia, July 2010, Abstract # 713
    • Malamud-Roam, K. 2010. Clean Water Act and other Regulatory Issues. New Jersey Mosquito Control Association, 97th Annual Meeting, March, Atlantic City, NJ


    Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: In 2009, IR-4 conducted 553 field trials associated with 109 high priority studies on food crops; 16 of these residue studies were conducted in cooperation with Canada. Canada served as Study Director for 3 of the harmonized joint projects. All residue studies are conducted in compliance with federal regulations. Included in compliance activities are the efforts of the IR-4 Quality Assurance Unit which conducted 209 field and 72 analytical in-life inspections. QAU audited 582 field data books, 64 analytical summary reports and 69 final/amended reports. The IR-4 Project also conducted 36 efficacy/crop safety trials to develop "value" data to support specialty crop/minor use registrations. Additionally, IR-4 hosted workshops for both the Food and Ornamental Horticulture programs with 175 and 105 stakeholder/participants, respectively, setting future research priorities. Following the workshops, the National Research Planning Meeting was held. Regional Field and Laboratory Coordinators, and HQ staff determined regional project upgrades, upgrade proposals. Field and lab sites for the projects, carryover trials from the 2009 field program, the "A" projects prioritized at the Food Use Workshop were assigned. A number of "B" priorities completed the available field program slots per the expected 2010 budget. The Food Use Program research for year 2010 will consist of approximately 107 studies supported by 669 field trials. Ornamental Horticulture research program will focus on high priority projects: bacterial efficacy, pythium efficacy, fungicide crop safety, scale insect efficacy, thrips efficacy and IPM strategies, insecticide crop safety, 2010 herbicide crop safety, early post emergence control, and liverwort efficacy. Finally, IR-4 submitted 126 new pesticide tolerance petitions involving 36 chemicals to EPA. These will support future registrations (outcomes/impacts). PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    In 2009, data from the IR-4 Food Program facilitated EPA's establishment of 219 pesticide tolerances on 32 chemicals. Using crop groupings and other extrapolations, these tolerances support 952 potential new registrations with conventional pesticide products. IR-4's research efforts also supported 3 biopesticide products which translated into 7 new biopesticide uses on food crops. The Ornamental Horticulture Program data supported 6 registration decisions. These IR-4 supported successes impacted 614 ornamental plant species. IR-4 spent a significant amount of time in 2009 planning for the future. It started in December 2009 with a Strategic Planning Conference where stakeholders had an opportunity to provide suggestions for future directions. The final "A Strategic Plan for IR-4 2009-2014" was completed in April. This plan reinforces and strengthens the existing core food, ornamental and biopesticide programs by enhancing them with additional efficacy testing; management of invasive species that attack specialty crops; activities that reduce or eliminate trade barriers caused by pesticide residues and support for organic specialty crop production. A new cooperative initiative to provide regulatory assistance to facilitate the registration of pesticides to manage arthropod pests of medical concern was also added. The Strategic Plan can be found at: www.ir4.rutgers.edu. IR-4 continues to bring significant value to specialty crop growers. In 2007, The Center for Economic Analysis at Michigan State University first published a report noting IR-4's food program contributes $7.7 billion annually to the gross domestic product (GDP). A 2008 report by this same group found the IR-4's ornamental horticulture program provides an additional $1.2 billion to the GDP. This magnitude of return on tax payer investment data continues to give reason for additional USDA funding. And for the third year in a row, Congress has provided IR-4 with increased funding; funding for IR-4 through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) sources was increased by $180,000 to $12.18 million. In addition to the above, IR-4 continues to successfully compete for additional grants. In 2009, IR-4 was awarded three grants through USDA for international activities and public health pesticides. IR-4 will continue to move forward assisting US specialty crop growers to compete in international trade by removing pesticide residues as an impediment for trade. IR-4 will be active in global harmonization efforts of Codex Committee of Pesticide Residues and OECD groups. IR-4 has received a grant from USDA-Foreign Agriculture Service to allow IR-4 to take existing data, upgrade the submissions and provide the information to foreign regulatory authorities to establish MRLs to allow US growers less problems in the export of their produce. IR-4 research cooperators are expected to finish much of the field research and laboratory research with the global residue study in 2010. The 2009 Year in Review Report and the full IR-4 Annual Report will be available March 2010 on the IR-4 website: www.ir4.rutgers.edu

    Publications

    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2009. IR-4 Project: Herbicide Registration Update (Food Uses). Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society, Volume 63, p. 89.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J. J. Baron. 2009. IR-4 Project: Update on Herbicide Registration. Proccedings WSSA, Volume 49, Abstract Number 490.
    • Barney, W., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2009. The Use of Crop Grouping in International Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) Harmonization. Outlook on Pest Management, 10, 229-231.
    • Miller, S., and C.L. Palmer. 2009. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Contributes $1.2 Billion to US GDP! IR-4 Newletter. Vol. 40 No. 3. July 2009.
    • Palmer, C.L., J. Baron, and E. Vea. 2009. Update on the 2008 Weed Science Research Program and 2008 Research Priorities. Proceedings of the 64th Northeastern Weed Science Society.
    • Palmer, C.L. 2009. Spotlight on Ornamentals. IR-4 Newletter. Vol. 40 No. 3. July 2009.


    Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: IR-4 magnitude of the residue and/or product performance data supported establishment or revision of 248 pesticide tolerances by the Environmental Protection Agency. These new tolerances or revisions support the potential registration of 996 new uses of existing pesticides on specialty crops. IR-4 crop safety and product performance data supported 12 registration decisions for ornamental horticulture that impacted 3,095 ornamental crops. IR-4 data supported 15 registrations of new Biopesticide uses. In 2008, IR-4 conducted research on food crops with 95 chemical/crop combinations. There were 450 field trials in these studies. IR-4 also conducted research on 5 crop safety and efficacy trials. The IR-4 Quality Assurance (QA) unit conducted these audits: 24 field and/or analytical laboratory facility sites, 651 field data notebook, 73 analytical critical research, 61 analytical summary reports and 97 final reports. IR-4 QA personnel participated in 14 EPA Office of Compliance Good Laboratory Practice reviews. Registrant meetings for in-depth project discussions were held with: MANA, Chemtura, Cheminova, BASF, Syngenta, FMC, ISK, DuPont, UPI, Nisso, Dow Agrosciences, Gowan; Bayer, Arysta, Isagro, and Valent. Company meeting results were utilized in priority setting at the 2008 Food Use Workshop held in September. Approximately 325 projects were nominated as "A" priorities and discussed at the workshop. 117 projects fell into the "workshop drops" (not nominated in 3 years) category and will need new Project Clearance Requests to become active. Each discipline (plant pathology, entomology, weed science) reduced "A" nominated projects to a list of 13 "A" priorities (to be started in 2009); the number of "B" priorities was not reduced. A listing of the "A", "B" and "C" workshop priorities can be found at www.ir4.rutgers.edu. In October, the National Research Planning Meeting was held. Regional Field and Laboratory Coordinators, and HQ staff determined regional project upgrades, upgrade proposals. Field and lab sites for the projects, carryover trials from the 2008 field program, the "A" projects prioritized at the Food Use Workshop were assigned. A number of "B" priorities completed the available field program slots per the expected 2009 budget. In December, IR-4 hosted a Strategic Planning Conference in Crystal City, VA. IR-4 stakeholders, customers, and personnel participated in sharing ideas about the current state of the program, its strengths, weaknesses and future opportunities. The goal of the conference was to use participant input as a tool in formulating the 2009-2013 IR-4 Strategic Plan. In March, IR-4 QA held a planning meeting. Plans for conducting field critical phase inspections were developed and topics related to the function of the IR-4 QA program were discussed. Field trial targets were identified. Regional QA Coordinators are responsible for scheduling 2009 field season inspections. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    IR-4 activities continue to provide significant contribution to growers of fruits, vegetables, nuts, herbs, and other specialty crops. IR-4 continues to provide an excellent return on investment (ROI) and this has tracked steadily the past 5 years. A study from Michigan State University's Center for Economic Analysis* concludes, "by providing a sufficient supply of pesticides for specialty crop growers, the IR-4 Project directly contributes $4,564.2 million in output of specialty crops in the U.S. (based on 2006 estimates). The nature of such production across the U.S. is likely to stimulate additional economic output through a well-documented multiplier effect. Considering this multiplier effect, the total expected contribution of the IR-4 Project to total U.S. gross domestic product is $7,675 billion. Such contribution to gross state product is expected to support over 113 thousand U.S. jobs with annual wages of nearly five billion dollars ($2006 current)". This year, IR-4 again retained the services of Michigan State University's Center for Economic Analysis, to provide and analysis on the IR-4 non-food ornamental crops (nursery, floral, greenhouse, Christmas trees, etc.) program. The final assessment found, the $1 million investment in the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture data, information, and infrastructure contributes $1.7 billion dollars to annual gross domestic product. *www.ir4.rutgers.edu The 2008 Year in Review Report will be available spring 2009 on the IR-4 website: www.ir4.rutgers.edu

    Publications

    • Barta, W., Lee, C., Oster, M., White, T. 2008. Test Substance Characterization for the EPA: What You've Always Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask. Quality Assurance Journal: 11, 196-207.
    • Daniel L. Kunkel, Frederick P. Salzman, Marija Arsenovic, Jerry J. Baron, Michael P. Braverman, and Robert E. Holm. The Role of IR-4 in the Herbicide Registration Process for Specialty Food Crops, 2008, Weed Technology, 22:373-377.
    • F.P. Salzman, M. Arsenovic, W.P. Barney, R.C. Leonard, D.L. Kunkel. 2008. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. WSSA Abstracts. 48th Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. Volume 48: 256.
    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, D. Kunkel and J. Baron. 2008. IR-4 Project: Update on Herbicide Registration (Food Uses). North Eastern Weed Science Society Proceedings, Volume 62, page 95.


    Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: IR-4 efforts produced significant "deliverables" to growers in 2007 including: US EPA established 203 permanent tolerances and five exemptions based on IR-4 submissions. These decisions support 628 new specialty crop use registrations for conventional and reduced risk pest control products and 19 for biopesticides for a total of 627. The new use registrations were spread over 33 pest control products, focused on a few active ingredients. IR-4 assisted Dow AgroSciences with the registration of the new reduced risk insecticide spinetoram on almost all of the crops where a similar product, spinosad, is already registered. EPA published the Final Rule for two expanded crop groups and one new group. Publications included an expanded Bulb vegetable group 3, an expanded Berry and small fruit group 13 and the establishment of a new Edible fungi group 21. The decision for these crop groups will significantly increase the number of additional registrations for crops in these groups. The IR-4 Quality Assurance Unit audited 106 final reports; a new yearly record. These allowed submission of 137 tolerance petitions for conventional and reduced risk pest control products that will be reviewed and hopefully registered in 2008/early 2009. IR-4 placed in the field 644 trials associated with 95 high priority studies on food crops to support eventual registration of conventional/reduced risk pest control products to answer specialty crop grower pest management needs. The Biopesticide Grant Program funded five Early Stage, 19 Advanced Stage and 13 Demonstration Stage projects. These were conducted at 21 universities and USDA research centers. The research involved 30 scientists and nearly 100 product-crop combinations. EPA co-funded and co-reviewed the demonstration stage grants. EPA also provided additional resources to support three Technology Transfer projects associated with the demonstration projects to further develop the extension phase of those projects. Working with funding provided through an US EPA Region 2 grant, IR-4 created and posted on its website, a Biopesticide and Organic Label Database for Integrated Pest Management practitioners. IR-4 submitted 8 ornamental horticulture data packages to registrants; 2 summaries on efficacy and 6 on crop safety. These comprehensive data packages contained results from 1658 field trials managed by IR-4. These IR-4 summaries enabled registrants to make registration decisions on at least 15 products. In some cases, registration decisions were made 1 to 2 years earlier than otherwise possible; for other products, decisions to not register the uses were made. However, these data still enable growers to choose management tools wisely based on manufacturer and extension recommendations. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture program conducted nearly 1246 trials with greenhouse and field ornamentals crops. These will support recommendation in 2008/2009. PARTICIPANTS: IR-4 is committed to providing professional development through guest lectures and presentations including: Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, D. L. Kunkel and J.J. Baron. 2007. The IR-4 Project: Herbicide Registration Update. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society. Pp.104. Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, D. Kunkel, and J. Baron. The IR-4 Project: Update on Herbicide Registration in Specialty Crops in the United States. Proceedings of the 14th EWRS Symposium, pp 46. Braverman, M., J.J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2007. Research and Development Strategies for Registration of Biopesticides. Proeedings Southern Weed Science Society, 60th Annual Meeting, Nashville, Tennessee. Braverman, M., J.J. Baron , D.L. Kunkel, and R.E. Holm. 2007. Registration and Efficacy Grant Program of the IR-4 Project. Annual Meeting, American Phytopathological Society, San Diego, CA. Braverman, M., 2007. IR-4 Grant Program and Database Survey Update Biopesticide Industry Alliance Meeting, Ottawa, Canada Braverman, M., 2007. Biopesticide Market and Opportunities in the North America Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting. Lucerne, Switzerland Corley, J., Kunkel, D. and the IR-4 Team., 2007. The IR-4 Project: Crop Trials and Residue Analysis; Providing Pest Management Solutions to Specialty Crop Growers. Plenary Lecture, 21st Conference of Residue Chemists; Melbourne, Australia, Nov. 12-15, 2007. Corley, J., 2006. Defining the scope, capabilities and limitations of residue analytical methods. Invited Lecture, 11th IUPAC, International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry; Kobe, Japan, Aug. 6 - 11, 2006 Hackett-Fields, K. 2007. Walking the Data Trail - Documentation and Data Integrity. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Quality Assurance, Austin, TX. Session DD-3. Palmer, C. L., J. Baron, and E. Vea. Update on the 2006 Weed Science Research Program and 2007 Research Priorities (Presentation at NEWSS) TARGET AUDIENCES: Considerable effort is made to target the needs of the specialty crop growers including: A successful Food Use Workshop was held September 11to13, 2007 in Tampa, FL. Each discipline (weed science, plant pathology, entomology) reduced nominated projects to a list of 12 "A" priorities (projects that will be started in 2008) and about 36 "B" priorities. A total of about 440 projects were nominated and discussed at the workshop (about 60% of the total projects that could have been discussed). A listing of the "A" and "B" priorities can be found at www.ir4.rutgers.edu. The 2007 IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Workshop was held Oct 10 to 11 in New Jersey. Please visit the webpage for a listing of the High Priority Projects selected for research during 2008 and 2009. The annual National Research Planning Meeting (NRPM) was completed successfully October 31 and November 1, 2007 at IR-4 HQ in Princeton, NJ. Regional Field and Laboratory Coordinators and HQ staff determined acceptable regional project upgrades and upgrade proposals and assigned field and lab sites for all these projects, for carryover trials from the 2007 field program, for the "A" projects prioritized at the September 2007 Food Use Workshop, and for a number of projects from the "B" priorities list to complete available field program slots per the expected 2008 budget. IR-4, working alongside the USDA- Foreign Agricultural Service, US EPA and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, brought together nearly 250 people from 56 countries to participate in the first Global Minor Use Summit. The purpose of the Summit was to initiate a dialogue among countries toward the concept of working together to solve the minor use problem on a global basis.

    Impacts
    The Center for Economic Analysis at Michigan State University conducted an economic analysis of IR-4 Project activities and concluded that IR-4 contributes $7.7 billion dollars to the annual gross domestic product.

    Publications

    • Baron, J.J., R.E. Holm, D.L. Kunkel, H. Chen. 2007. Impact of Pesticide Residues on the Global Trade of Food and Feed in Developing and Developed Countries in Pesticide Chemistry, Crop Protection, Public Health, Environmental Safety, pg 323-330, ed by H. Ohkawa, H. Miyagawa and P.W. Lee. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
    • Baron, J.J., Novack S. 2007. IR-4: A Program of Proven Success for Specialty Crop Growers. Specialty Chemicals Magazine. Volume 27, Issue 10.
    • Kunkel. D. 2007. Protecting Our Crops: Herbicides. American Vegetable Grower. December issue pages 8 and 9.
    • Novack, S. 2007. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 38 No. 1, January 2007.
    • Novack, S. 2007. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 38 No. 2, April 2007.
    • Novack, S. 2007. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 38 No. 3, July 2007.
    • Novack, S. 2007. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 38 No. 4, October 2007.
    • Starner, V.R. and S. Novack. 2007. Something's A Buzz on the Eastern Shore, IR-4,EPA,USDA Field Tour June 27, 2007 tour book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-06-07, 25 pp.


    Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

    Outputs
    FOOD USES-IR-4 field research in 2006 consisted of 652 field trials. This research focused on 102 chemical/crop studies. IR-4 data submitted to EPA supported 804 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDES: Azoxystrobin/citrus fruits, crambe, flax, foliage of legumes group, fruiting vegetables (except tomato), herbs, mustard, pea & bean, dried shelled, pea & bean succulent shelled subgroup, rapeseed, safflower, spices, sunflower; Boscalid/celery, leafy greens (except head & leaf lettuce), spinach; Dimethomorph/Brassica head and stem subgroup; Fenarimol/filbert; Fenbuconazole/bushberries, cranberry, grape; Fenhexamid/cilantro (coriander), ginseng, pear, pepper (non-bell), pomegranate; Kresoxym-methyl/cucurbit vegetables; Myclobutanil/hop; Propiconazole/cranberry, leafy petioles, mint; Quinoxyfen/lettuce, melons, pepper, strawberry; Triflumizole/filbert; Trifloxystrobin/barley, corn (sweet), oat. HERBICIDE-Dimethenamid/leek, onion (green & Welsh), shallot; Ethofumesate/beet (garden), carrot, garlic, onion (bulb), shallot; Flumioxazin/strawberry; Fluroxypyr/garlic, onion (bulb), shallot; Fomesafen/bean (dry & snap); Glyphosate/legume vegetables (except soybean & dry pea), noni, pea (dry), safflower, sunflower; Paraquat/cucurbit vegetables; ginger, okra, onion (dry bulb), tanier, wheat; Pendimethalin/carrot, citrus fruits, fruiting vegetables, juneberry, leek, mint, onion (green & Welsh), pistachio, pome fruits, pomegranate, shallot, stone fruits, strawberry, tree nuts; S-metolachlor/pumpkin, squash (winter); Terbacil/watermelon; INSECTICIDE-Bifenazate/pea (garden), stone fruits, tuberous & corm vegetables; Bifenthrin/Brassica leafy greens, coriander, okra, pea & bean dried shelled subgroup (except soybean), tuberous & corm vegetables, turnip greens, Diflubenzuron/barley, oat, peanut, pummelo, Brassica leafy greens, turnip greens, wheat; Fenpyroximate/citrus fruits, hop, mint, pistachio, tree nuts; Imidacloprid/atemoya, banana, biriba, borage, caneberry, cherimoya, coffee, crambe, custard apple, flax, herbs, ilama, mustard pistachio, pomegranate, rapeseed, safflower, soursop, sugar apple, sunflower, tree nuts; Novaluron/Brassica head & stem subgroup; Spinosad/alfalfa, banana, bulb vegetables (except green onion), grass, forage, fodder and hay, grain, cereal, forage, fodder and straw group (except rice), mint, nongrass animal feeds, peanut hay, onion (green); Zeta-Cypermethrin/cilantro, turnip greens. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 conducted over 1300 ornamental horticulture research trials to support registrations in the greenhouse, nursery, Christmas tree, and forestry industries. Of these 540 were efficacy trials designed to compare different management tools to manage insects and diseases and to measure impact of growth regulators; the remaining trials were conducted to determine the level of phytotoxicity to crops with herbicides used to manage common weeds in and around nurseries. BIOPESTICIDES-IR-4 data supported Sorbitol octanate on 304 crops and Eucalypus oil on beehives. Currently funding research on 44 biopesticide projects.

    Impacts
    The successes/accomplishments of the IR-4 Program have been documented by the conventional chemical and biopesticide clearances obtained by food use (1110) and ornamental data developed to support grower needs. This provides growers of specialty crops, collectively valued at $43 billion at the farm gate, with safe and effective pest control tools. Approximately 80% of these clearances are with lower risk products which have little or no negative impact on man and the environment. The Section 18 Economic Benefits Project initiated in 1998 to capture potential economic impact (loss) information from state submitted Section 18 approvals supported by IR-4 residue data was continued. In 2006, the 2005 data were summarized and resulted in a $1.306 billion impact with Section 18's bringing the eight year total to $12.589 billion from 1998 to 2005. The number of food use clearances granted exceeded the previous 2004 record of 1014. Since 1998, IR-4 has over 50% of all the over 10,410 food use clearances in the programs 44 year history.

    Publications

    • Arsenovic, M., F. Salzman, D. Kunkel and J. Baron. 2006. The IR-4 Project: Herbicide Registration Update. North Eastern Weed Science Society Proceedings, Volume 60, page 42.
    • Arsenovic, M., R. Holm, J. Baron, D. Kunkel, K. Getsinger, W. Haller, L. Anderson, and D. Stubbs. 2006. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity for Aquatic Herbicide Registration. U.S. Abstracts and Biographies for Presentations at the 7th Annual Conference of the Northeast Aquatic Plant Management Society.
    • Arsenovic, M., R. Holm, J. Baron, D. Kunkel, K. Getsinger, B. Haller, L. Anderson, and D. Stubbs. 2006. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity- Aquatic Herbicide Registration. WSSA Abstracts. 46th Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. Volume 46: 267.
    • Arsenovic, M. 2006. The IR-4 Involvement with Aquatic Herbicide. Oral presentation at the Aquatic Weed Control Short Course 2006, Coral Springs, FL, May 1-5, 2006
    • Arsenovic, M. 2006. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity-Aquatic Herbicide Registration. Poster presentation at the 14th International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species. Key Biscayne, FL, May 14-19, 2006.
    • Arsenovic, M., R. Holm, J. Baron, D. Kunkel, J. Norton, K. Getsinger, J. Parochetti, W. Haller, L. Anderson, and D. Stubbs. 2006. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity-Aquatic Herbicide Registration. Abstracts from the Aquatic Plant Management Society, 46th Annual Meeting, p. 25.
    • Baron, J., R. Holm, D. Kunkel, and H. Chen. 2006. Impact of Pesticide Residues on the Global Trade of Food and Feed in Developing and Developed Countries. IUPAC Conference.
    • Braverman, M., J. Baron , D. Kunkel, and R. Holm. 2006. Biofungicides: Transitioning From Research to EPA Registration. Annual Meeting, American Phytopathological Society, Quebec , Canada Session AO-190.
    • Braverman, M., J. Baron , D. Kunkel, and R. Holm. 2006. Biopesticide Efficacy Research and IR-4's Role in Regulatory Assistance. Annual Meeting, American Phytopathological Society, Quebec , Canada Session AP-838.
    • Braverman, M., D. Kunkel, J. Baron, and R. Holm. 2006. Interregional Research Project No. 4 Program and Minor Crops: Developing Choices for Pest Resistance Management. In: Management of Pesticide Resistance: Strategies Using Crop Management, Biotechnology and Pesticides. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. No. 24, pp 109-115.
    • Braverman, M. 2006. Why Use Biopesticides in an IPM Program? 5th National IPM Symposium, St Louis, MO. http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposiumv/sessions/index.html.
    • Braverman, M. 2006. Biopesticide Research Grants and IR-4's Role in Regulatory Assistance. 5th National IPM symposium, St Louis, MO http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposiumv/posters/index.html.
    • Braverman, M., D. Kunkel, and J. Baron. 2006. What Can Public Sector Researchers do to Facilitate the Registration Process? Workshop on Enhancing Regulatory Communication, Microbial Biopesticides and Transgenic Insects, Washington, DC.
    • Braverman, M., D. Kunkel, and J. Baron. 2006. IR-4 and International Biopesticide Registrations for Speciality Crop Agriculture. Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting. Lucerne, Switzerland.
    • Chen, H., and Muller, E. (representing the Delegations of the Netherlands and the U.S.A.). 2006. Proposal for an Extended Revision of the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. Document from the 38th Meeting of Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues, Fortaleza, Brazil.
    • Chen, H, J.J. Baron, W.P. Barney, R. E. Holm, D.L. Kunkel, B.A. Schneider. 2006. Crop Grouping - An Effective Tool for Protecting Medicinal Crop Production. Abstract from Medicinal Plant Symposium, 2006 ASHS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. (In press).
    • Holm, R., J. Baron, and D. Kunkel. 2006. The IR-4 Program: Interactions with the Crop Protection Industry and With the Regulators. Outlooks on Pest Management. Volume 17 (4). Pp 185-188.
    • Holm, R., J. Baron, and D. Kunkel. 2006. Challenges Faced by the IR-4 Project and U.S. Specialty Crop Growers. Proceedings from European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization on Mutual Recognition of Minor Uses. (In press).
    • Kunkel, D., M. Arsenovic, J. Baron, M. Braverman, R. Holm and F. Salzman. 2006. The Role of IR-4 in the Herbicide Registration Process for Specialty Crops. WSSA Abstracts. 46th Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. Volume 46: 262.
    • Novack, S. 2006. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 37 No. 1, January 2006.
    • Novack, S. 2006. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 37 No. 2, April 2006.
    • Novack, S. 2006. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 37 No. 3, July 2006.
    • Novack, S. 2006. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 37 No. 4, October 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. Critical Needs for Managing Pests-What is IR-4 doing? ESA, Eastern Branch Meeting, Mar 9, 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program. OFA Bulletin, March/April 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. What IR-4 Can Do For You! Rutgers Cream Ridge Experiment Station Grower Meeting, Aug 17, 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. Update on the IR-4 Program-Plant Pathology. Kanuga Ornamental Researchers Workshop, Sept 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. Update on the IR-4 Program-Entomology. Kanuga Ornamental Researchers Workshop, Sept 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. and J. Baron. 2006. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program: Update on the 2006 Research Program and 2007 Research Priorities. ESA National Meeting, Dec 11, 2006.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program. NJ Turf Association Newsletter, in press.
    • Palmer, C. L. 2006. The IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program: What, How, and Why. International Plant Propagators Society, in press.
    • Salzman, F., M. Arsenovic, and D. Kunkel. 2006. The IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. WSSA Abstracts. 46th Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America. Volume 46: 214.
    • Starner, V., C. Palmer and S. Novack. 2006. Straddling the Mason-Dixon-IR-4/EPA/USDA Ornamental Horticulture Field Tour June 2006 tour book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-06-06. 34 pp.
    • Braverman, M. 2006. IR-4 Update and Future Initiatives. Biopesticide Industry Alliance. Washington, DC.


    Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

    Outputs
    FOOD USES-IR-4 research consisted of 824 field trials; 674 collected residue samples and 150 collected efficacy data. IR-4 data submitted to EPA supported 991 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE-Acibenzolar/onion; Chlorothalonil/ginseng; Cyprodinil/onion, strawberry; Fludioxonil/pomegranate; Myclobutanil/artichoke, pepper; Propiconazole/blueberry, cranberry; Quinoxyfen/melon subgroup, pumpkin, winter squash; Tebuconazole/barley, garlic, sunflower; Thiophanate-methyl/fruiting vegetables; Triflumizole/broccoli, coriander leaves, dandelion, kale, kohlrabi, mustard greens, parsley, swiss chard. HERBICIDE-2,4-D/hop, soybean, wild rice; Dimethenamid/horseradish; Fluroxypyr/onion; S-Metolachlor/Brassica head & stem subgroup, corn, cotton, fruiting vegetables, garlic, leafy petioles subgroup, legume, vegetables, onion, peanut, safflower seed, shallot, sorghum grain, root & tuber vegetables, cattle, egg, goat, horse, milk, poultry, sheep; Terbacil/watermelon. INSECTICIDE-Avermectin/avocado, fruiting vegetables, herbs subgroup (ex chives), leafy vegetables (ex Brassica); Bifenazate/cherry (tart), soybean, Timothy grass; Bifenthrin/sweet potato; Buprofezin/peach, pome fruit group, tropical fruits; Clofentezine/persimmon; Cyfluthrin/grass, pea/bean dried shelled (ex soybean) subgroup, tuberous and corm vegetable subgroup, turnip greens; Diflubenzuron/barley, wheat; Fenpropathrin/bushberry subgroup, currant, fruiting vegetables, juneberry, lingonberry, pea, succulent, salal; Imidacloprid/banana, pomegranate, sunflower; Lambda-cyhalothrin/barley, grass, wild rice; Methoxyfenozide/sorghum; Pymetrozine/asparagus; Pyridaben/hop, stone fruits, strawberry, tomato, tropical fruits; Pyriproxyfen/ bean (succulent), citrus, grape, grass, legume vegetables, dry bulb onion, strawberry, white sapote; Spinosad/alfalfa, grass; Thiamethoxam/ artichoke, borage, bushberry subgroup, crambe, cranberry, flax, juneberry, legume vegetables, lingonberry, mint, mustard, potato, rapeseed, root vegetable (ex sugar beet) subgroup, safflower, salal, strawberry; Thymol/beehives. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 conducted over 1200 ornamental horticulture research trials to support registrations in the greenhouse, nursery, Christmas tree, and forestry industries. Of these, 186 efficacy trials were with tools to manage insects and mites; 224 efficacy trials were with fungicides; 8 plant response trials for plant growth regulators; and the remaining trials were crop safety trials with herbicides. One new label registration was granted for use. BIOPESTICIDES-IR-4 data supported the following: AgriPhage/pepper, tomato; Alternaria destruens Strain 059 to control Dodder (Cuscutta spp.)/cranberry; Bacillus subtilis/horseradish; Muscodor albus/cherry, grape, orange; Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251/pepper, tomato; Polyoxin-D/ginseng; Psuedomonas syringae/sweet potato; Reynoutria sachalinensis/all RACs. Currently funding research on 56 biopesticide projects.

    Impacts
    The successes/accomplishments of the IR-4 Program have been documented by the conventional chemical and biopesticide clearances obtained by food use (991) and ornamental data developed to support grower needs. This provides growers of specialty crops, collectively valued at $43 billion at the farm gate, with safe and effective pest control tools. Approximately 80% of these clearances are with lower risk products which have little or no negative impact on man and the environment. The Section 18 Economic Benefits Project initiated in 1998 to capture potential economic impact (loss) information from state submitted Section 18 approvals supported by IR-4 residue data was continued. In 2005, the 2004 data were summarized and resulted in a $1.36 billion impact with 202 Section 18's bringing the seven year total to $10.2 billion from 1998 to 2004 from 1033 Section 18's. Since 1998, 205 Section 18's have been converted to full Section 3 labels. The number of Section 18's approved by the Agency using IR-4 data have dropped as a result of the high rate of Section 18 to Section 3 conversions and IR-4's 30-month completion goal which minimized the number of years that Section 18's are needed on new crop protection products before Section 3 labels are approved by the EPA. The number of food use clearances granted nearly matched the previous 2004 record of 1014. Since 1998, IR-4 has obtained 53% of all the over 9300 food use clearances in the programs 42 year history.

    Publications

    • Holm, R.E., J.J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2005. World Horticulture in Crisis. Congress Proceedings of the British Crop Production Council International Congress: Crop Science and Technology 2005. Volume 1, pp 31-40.
    • Holm, R.E., J.J. Baron and D.L. Kunkel. 2005. The IR-4 Program and Its Cooperation with the Crop Protection Industry to Provide New Pest Control Solutions to U.S. Specialty Crop Growers. Congress Proceedings of the British Crop Production Council International Congress: Crop Science and Technology 2005, Volume 1, pp 239-250.
    • Kunkel, D.L., D.T. Smith and S.K. McDonald. 2005. Harmonizing Pesticide Clearances for Minor Crops. Congress Proceedings of the British Crop Production Council International Congress: Crop Science and Technology 2005, Volume 1 pp 587-592.
    • Norton, Jack A. 2005. IR-4 Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Use After the Phase Out. Symposium: Alternatives to Methyl Bromide. Joint Soil Fungus Conference-American Phytopathology Society-Pacific Division. Portland, Oregon. June 28-July 1, 2005.
    • Norton, Jack A. 2005. A Review of Methyl Bromide Alternatives Evaluated by IR-4. Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emmission Reductions, San Diego, CA. October 31-November 3, 2005.
    • Novack, S. 2005. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 36 No. 1, January 2005.
    • Novack, S. 2005. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 36 No. 2, April 2005.
    • Novack, S. 2005. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 36 No. 3, July 2005.
    • Novack, S. 2005. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 36 No. 4, October 2005.
    • Palmer, C.L., and D. Kuack. 2005. GMPro Q&A: Cristi Palmer on the IR-4 Project. GMPro, October 2005, pp 65-66.
    • Salzman, F.P., M. Arsenovic, and D. L. Kunkel. 2005. IR-4 Project: Weed Control Projects Update. Proc.Weed Sci. Soc.
    • Starner, V. R. and S. Novack. 2005. Beyond the Susquehanna - IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour June 2005. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-06-05. 15 pp.
    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, M.P. Braverman, D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2005. The IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. Canadian Weed Science Society Meeting. (In press).
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, D. L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2005. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects in Specialty Crops. Proc. North Eastern Weed Science Society, Vol. 59, p.123.
    • Arsenovic M., R.E. Holm. J. J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel, K. D. Getsinger, and W.T. Haller. 2005. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity - Aquatic Herbicide Registration. Abstracts from The Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc. 45th Annual meeting, p.52.
    • Arsenovic, M., R.E. Holm. J. J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel, K. D. Getsinger, and W.T. Haller. 2005. The IR-4 Project: New Opportunity - Aquatic Herbicide Registration. New England Invasive Plant Summit, p.13.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2005. 2005 IR-4 Biopesticide Program: Efficacy Grants and Registrations. Annual Meeting American Phytopathological Society, APS Meeting Abstracts, Volume 95, Number 6, p S13.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, R.E Holm , C.L Palmer, E. Brandt, S. Morrill, D. Horne and C. Greene. 2005. 2005 Biopesticide Research Grants and Regulatory Activity for Ornamentals by the IR-4 Project and EPA. Annual Meeting Entomological Society of America. (In press).
    • Chen, H., S. Funk, R. Gonzalez, and G. Vaagt. 2005. Crop Classification and Harmonization. Geneva, Switzerland. 2005 JMPR Report (In press).
    • Chen, H., A. Ambrus, and G. Vaagt. 2005. International Specialty Crop Foundation Initiative for Minor Use and Specialty Crops. Geneva, Switzerland. 2005 JMPR Report (In press).
    • Holm, R.E. 2005. A Look At Existing Model: The IR-4 Program. Public Research and the Regulatory Review of Small-Market (Specialty) Biotechnology-Derived Crops Workshop Proceedings. pp. 46-48.
    • Holm, R.E. and J.J. Baron. 2005. Emerging Technologies: An Update on the Crop Protection Industry Pipeline. The Meister Pro Crop Protection Handbook 2005, Volume 11. pp. A19-A20.


    Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

    Outputs
    FOOD USES-Research conducted on 96 projects representing 762 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA to support pest control solutions including new and Section 18 time limited tolerances representing 1014 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Azoxystrobin/safflower; Cyprodinil/almond hulls, bean (dry, succulent), leafy greens subgroup except spinach; Fenbuconazole/blueberry; Fludioxonil/yam, leafy greens subgroup except spinach, bean, melon subgroup, citrus fruit, pome fruit, kiwifruit; Folpet/hops; Mancozeb/ginseng; Myclobutanil/beet (sugar), Propiconazole/pineapple, Pyraclostrobin/leaves of root and tuber vegetables, except sugar beet, leafy vegetables and Brassica vegetables, pome fruit, hop, edible podded legume subgroup, dried legume subgroup, mint, sunflower; Thiabendazole/lentil; Thiophanate-methyl/blueberry, citrus fruit, mushroom. HERBICIDE: Carfentrazone-ethyl/root and tuber vegetable, leaves of root and tuber vegetables, bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables except Brassica, Brassica leafy vegetables, legume vegetables, fruiting vegetables, okra, cucurbit vegetables, citrus fruit, pome fruit, stone fruit, berries, strawberry, grape, tree nut group, grass, sorghum, herbs and spices, hops, peanut, sugarcane, sunflower, stevia, coconut, date, fig, tropical fruit, lingonberry, juneberry, salal, kiwifruit, pomegranate, persimmon, pawpaw, palm heart, kava, ti, wasabi, cactus, rapeseed, mustard seed, flax seed, safflower seed, borage, olive, banana, cacao, tea, mulberry Indian, vanilla, coffee; Desmedipham/beet (garden); DCPA/herbs, celeriac, chicory (roots and tops), ginseng, radicchio, radish; Dimethenamid/tuberous and corm vegetable subgroup, bulb vegetables; Flumioxazin/grape, almond, pistachio, sugarcane, mint, bulb vegetables, tuberous and corm vegetable subgroup; Mesotrione/cranberry; S-Metolachlor/sweetpotato; Sulfentrazone/flax, strawberry. INSECTICIDES: Bifenazate/potato; Coumaphos/beehives; Diflubenzuron/alfalfa; Fenpyroximate/pome fruit; Imidacloprid/blueberry; Indoxacarb/cranberry; Methoxyfenozide/root vegetable subgroup, celeriac, leaves of root and tuber vegetables, turnip greens, edible, podded legume vegetable subgroup, bean subgroup, strawberry, cilantro, mint, tropical fruit; Pyriproxyfen/celery, strawberry; Sulfuryl Fluoride/tree nuts, dried fruit; Spiroxamine/hops; Tebufenozide/tuberous/corm except potato vegetable subgroup, citrus fruit, grape; Thiamethoxam/cranberry. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data were used to support 216 ornamental use registrations for pest control agents in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDES: IR-4 data supported the following: Yeast hydrolysate/all RAC's; AF36/cotton; Bacillus subtilus QST713/bean (lima), squash, tomato; Bacillus pumilis QST2808/bean (lima, snap), potato, pumpkin, tomato; and Thymol/beehives. Currently funding research on 47 biopesticide projects. METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES-research conducted on candidates indicate that several treatments when either used alone or in various combinations could serve as viable replacements for methyl bromide.

    Impacts
    The successes/accomplishments of the IR-4 Program have been documented by the food use (1014) and ornamental (216) clearances obtained. The Section 18 Economic Benefits Project initiated in 2000 to capture potential economic impact (loss) information from state submitted Section 18 approvals supported by IR-4 residue data was continued. In 2004, the 2003 data were summarized and resulted in a $1.3 billion impact with 128 Section 18's bringing the six year total to $7.5 billion from 1998 to 2003. In 2002 and 2003, the EPA credited IR-4 with eliminating 112 Section 18's by conversion to full Section 3 labels. Since 1998, 143 Section 18's have been converted to full Section 3 labels. The number of Section 18's approved by the Agency using IR-4 data have dropped from a high of 180 in 2001 to 22 in 2004. This is the result of the high rate of Section 18 to Section 3 conversions and IR-4's 30-month completion goal which minimized the number of years that Section 18's are needed on new crop protection products before Section 3 labels are approved by the EPA. The number of food use clearances granted exceeded the previous 2003 record of 793 by 28%. Since 1999, IR-4 has obtained 45.5% of all the over 8300 food use clearances in the programs 41 year history.

    Publications

    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2004. Grants and Regulatory Assistance: The IR-4 Biopesticide Program. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts. Vol. 44.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2004. Regulatory Considerations for Researchers of Natural Products. 226th Meeting American Chemical Society.
    • Braverman, M.P. Biopesticide Research Report 2003. 221 pages. http://ir4.rutgers.edu//Binars/BPRsearchReport2003.pdf.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2004. Interregional Research Project No. 4 Program and Minor Crops: Developing Choices for Pest Resistance Management. IN: Management of Pesticide Resistance: Strategies Using Crop Management, Biotechnology and Pesticides. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. No. 24, pp109-115.
    • Chen, H., J.J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel, R.E. Holm, B.A. Schneider, Y.S. Ng, D.J. Rosenblatt, and G.J. Herndon. 2004. Crop Grouping Project and International Collaboration. European centennial meeting of the Association of Applied Biologists. Oxford, UK. December 15-17, 2004.
    • Chen, H., B.A. Schneider, D.C. Thompson, D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2004. US Crop Grouping and International Harmonization. 2004 APS Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, July 31 - August 4, 2004.
    • Chen, H. and B.A. Schneider. 2004. Crop Grouping and its Impact on Risk Assessment. Lecture at EPA/OPP Risk Assessment Training and Certification Program. Training material DVD files. Washington, DC, July 22 & 28, 2004.
    • Dorschner, K., K. Tollerup, M. Rust, P. Phillips, and J. Klotz. 2004. Low-Toxicity Baits Control Ants in Citrus Vineyards and Grape Vineyards. California Agriculture, Vol. 58, No. 4 pp 213-217.
    • Ferrazoli, C. 2004. IR-4 Professional Directory. NJAES No P27200-05-04. 34 pages.
    • Holm, R.E. and D.L. Kunkel. 2004. IR-4 Project Target Specialty Crops. California Agriculture. Volume 58, No. 2 pp 110-111.
    • Kunkel, D.L., M. Arsenovic, F.P. Salzman, M.P. Braverman, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2004. IR-4: Forty Years of Providing Pest Management Solutions to Minor Crop Growers. Proc. NEWSS, Vol. 58, p.66.
    • Novack, S. 2004. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 35 No. 1, January 2004.
    • Novack, S. 2004. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 35 No. 2, April 2004.
    • Novack, S. 2004. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 35 No. 3, July 2004.
    • Novack, S. 2004. IR-4 Newsletter Vol. 46 No. 4, October 2004.
    • Novack, S., and M.P. Braverman. 2004. "Beyond the Conventional Tour": IPM In Action.
    • Salzman, F.P., M. Arsenovic, and D. L. Kunkel. IR-4 Project: Weed Control Projects Update. 2004. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc.
    • Smith, D., H. Chen, and D.L. Kunkel. 2004. Pesticide Clearances for Small Acreage Crops in the Northeastern U.S. Northeastern Agronomy Soc. Meeting, Bordentown, NJ., July 2004
    • Smith, D., H. Chen, D. Kunkel, and B.A. Schneider. 2004. Crop Groupings from Efficient Pesticide Registration for Specialty Crops in the United States. 5th European Pesticide Residues Workshop. Book of Abstracts. June 13-16, 2004, Stockholm, Sweden.
    • Starner, V. R., D.C. Thompson, H. Chen, and D.L. Kunkel. 2004. "Fungicide Registration Update from the IR-4 Project" October 2004 Northeastern Division of the American Phytopathology Society Meeting in State College, PA. Abstract.
    • Thompson, D. C., H. Chen, V. R. Starner, W. P. Barney and D.L. Kunkel. 2004. "IR-4 Fungicide Registration Update." August 2004 American Phytopathology Society Meeting in Anaheim, CA. Abstract.
    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, D.L. Kunkel, M. P. Braverman, J. J. Baron, R.E. Holm, and R.M. Herrick. 2004. Weed Management in Minor Crops in North America. 4th International Weed Science Congress, Abstract Book, p. 7
    • Arsenovic, M., R.E. Holm, J. J. Baron, D.L. Kunkel, and M.P. Braverman. 2004. The IR-4 Project: a U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in Specialty Crops. 2004 Annual Meeting. Abstracts of Contributed Papers Northeastern Branch - American Society of Agronomy, page 7.
    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, D.L. Kunkel, and J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. The IR-4 Project: Update on Herbicide Registration in Specialty Crops in the United States. Canadian Weed Science Soc. Meeting, 2004. In press.
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, D. L. Kunkel, J. J. Baron. IR-4 Project: Herbicide Registration Update. 2004. Proc. North Eastern Weed Sci. Soc.,Vol. 58, p.140.
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, D. L. Kunkel, J. J. Baron. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Project. 2004. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc.


    Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

    Outputs
    FOOD USES-Research conducted on 96 projects representing 740 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA to support pest control solutions including new and Section 18 time limited tolerances representing 793 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Aspergillus flavus AF36/cotton; Azoxystrobin/artichoke, asparagus, brassica vegetables, herbs; Cymoxanil/ hop; Cyprodinil/caneberry subgroup, pistachio, watercress; Cyprodinil + Fludioxonil/brassica vegetables, bushberry, carrot, herbs, tropical fruit; Dimethomorph/leafy brassica vegetables, pepper, taro; Fenhexamid/ cherry, cucumber, fruiting vegetables, kiwi, lettuce, plum, stone fruits, Fludioxonil/pomegranate; Fosetyl-Al/green onion; Mancozeb/ginseng; Myclobutanil/hops; non-bell pepper; Propiconazole/dry bean, cranberry; Quinoxyfen/cherry, grape, hop; Sodium Chlorate/wheat; Spiroxamine/hop; Tebuconazole/barley, garlic; Thiophanate-methyl/fruiting vegetables; mushroom; Trifloxystrobin/petiole vegetables, root vegetables; Vinclozolin/canola. HERBICIDES: 2,4-D/wild rice; Carfentrazone/hop; Desmedipham/garden beet; Flumioxazin/sweetpotato; Imazamox/All RACs; Mesotrione/popcorn; Sethoxydim/pistachio, safflower; S-metolachlor/asparagus, bulb vegetables, carrot (muck), grass (seed), petiole vegetables, spinach, sweetpotato, tomato; Sulfentrazone/asparagus, bean (lima), cabbage, horseradish, mint, potato, sunflower; Terbacil/watermelon. INSECTICIDES: Bifenazate/cucurbit vegetables, fruiting vegetables, mint, okra, pistachio, tree nuts; Bifenthrin/ citrus, fruiting vegetables, greens (mustard), herbs (GH), leafy vegetables, okra, tomato; Buprofezin/avocado, beans (succulent), lime, lychee, pistachio; Cyromazine/ bean (lima), brassica vegetables, bulb vegetables, onion (green); Diflubenzuron/wheat, barley; Fenpyroximate/ pear; Hexythiazox/ date; Hydramethylnon/pineapple; Imidacloprid/artichoke, bean, dry; blueberry, cranberry, okra, pea, popcorn, root vegetables, southern pea, strawberry, stone fruit, tomato, tropical fruit, turnip roots and tops, watercress; Indoxacarb/peach; Lambda-cyhalothrin/barley, wild rice; Methoxyfenozide/bean (dry), cranberry, cucurbit vegetables, okra, turnip (tops); Pyriproxyfen/beans, fig, okra, tropical fruit; Spinosad/alfalfa, all RACs, bulb vegetables; Tebufenozide/garden beet, sweetpotato; Thiamethoxam/bean, hop, stone fruit, sunflower; Thymol/ beehives; RODENTICIDES: Zinc Phosphide/alfalfa, barley, bean, beet (sugar), grass (Timothy), potato, wheat. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 data were used to support 812 ornamental use registrations for 44 pest control agents, including 7 biofungicides, in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDES-IR-4 data supported the Section 3 registration for Aspergillus flavus AF36 on cotton and a Section 18 for use of Thymol in beehives and non-food uses Verticillium dahliae WCS 850 in American elm. Currently funding research on 48 biopesticide projects. METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES-research conducted on candidates indicate that several when either used alone or in various combinations could serve as viable replacements for methyl bromide.

    Impacts
    The successes/accomplishments of the IR-4 Program have been documented by the food use (793) and ornamental (821) clearances obtained. The Section 18 Economic Benefits Project initiated in 2000 to capture potential economic impact (loss) information from state submitted Section 18 approvals supported by IR-4 residue data was continued. In 2003, the 2002 data were summarized and resulted in a $1.3 billion impact with 134 Section 18's bringing the five year total to $5.7 billion from 1998 to 2002. In the EPA's 2003 fiscal year (10/1/02 to 9/30/03), IR-4 was credited with eliminating 95 of the 120 Section 18's or 80% by conversion to full Section 3 tolerances. EPA also credited IR-4 in FY 2003 with 12 of the 26 reduced risk classifications granted by the Agency and lowering the Reduced Risk/OP Alternatives petition turnaround time from 28 months in FY2002 to 18 months in FY 2003. A Review Team led by Charles Laughlin/retired USDA-CSREES Administrator conducted a comprehensive program review. The concluding thoughts from the Review Team's Report were: The IR-4 Program is a very good program and is integral to the future of U.S. minor crops. The Review Team's findings and suggestions are offered with the goal of growing a very good program to a great program. Every indication is that IR-4 is on the right trajectory.

    Publications

    • Chen, H. and D.C. Thompson. 2003. Issues Related With Registration - Crop Grouping and Efficacy Data. American Phytopathology Society Meeting. Abstract.
    • Chen, H., M. Kawate, D.C. Thompson, V.R. Starner and D. L. Kunkel. 2003. IR-4 Fungicide Study and Registration in Tropical Crops. 87th Annual APS-Pacific Division Meeting.
    • Ferrazoli, C.L. 2003. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-03. 34(1) 24 pp.
    • Ferrazoli, C.L. 2003. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-03. 34(2) 24 pp.
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. Ornamental Weed Control Research in the IR-4 Program During 2002. Proc. NEWSS 57:40.
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. IR-4 Nursery Crop Pest Control During 2002. Proc. Southern Nursery Res. Conf. 47: 142-150.
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. The IR-4 Ornamental Research Program During 2002. WSSA Abstracts 43:72 (254).
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. The IR-4 Ornamental Research Program 1977-2002. Proc. 19th Society of American Florists Conference on Insect and Disease Management on Ornamentals. 19: 69-76.
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. 2002 IR-4 Ornamental Pest Control Research. Proc. Southern Nursery Res. Conf. 48: 146-152 (in press).
    • Frank, J.R. 2003. IR-4 Minor Use Report Card 2003 Update. Commercially Grown Floral, Forestry, Nursery, Christmas Tree and Turf Crops. 31 pp.
    • Hackett-Fields, K. 2003. Last Chance for Quality - The Final Report Audit. Proc. 19th Society of Quality Assurance Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. October 16, 2003.
    • Holm, R.E. 2003. The IR-4 Program: Meeting the U.S. Minor Crop Pest Control Challenge. Guest Editorial for Phytoparasitica. Volume 31, No. 3, pp 213-216.
    • Kunkel, D. L., R. E. Holm and J. J. Baron. 2003. IR-4 Program, Providing Reduced Risk Products to Minor Crop Growers Through Partnerships with USDA, EPA, and the Crop Protection Industry. OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Steering Group Seminar on Minor Uses and Risk Reduction Canberra, Australia.
    • Kunkel, D. L. 2003. Development of the EPA Work Plan. SQA Annual Meeting, Abstract.
    • Norton, Jack A. 2003. A Review of Potential Methyl Bromide Alternatives (MBA) From IR-4 MBA Programs. Proceedings 2003 Annual International Conference Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, San Diego, CA.
    • Novack, S. 2003. IR-4, EPA, USDA Group Gets Lesson On Ornamentals. Mid-Atlantic Grower. Vol. 5, No. 10, August 2003. pp 8, 19, 20.
    • Novack, S. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-03. 34(3) 12 pp.
    • Salzman, F. P., M. Arsenovic, M. Braverman, D. L. Kunkel, and J. J. Baron. 2003. The IR-4 Project: UpDate on Weed Control Projects. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 43:143.
    • Starner, V. R. 2003. Eastern Shore Floral and Nursery Crops - IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour June 2003 Tour Book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-06-03. 24 pp.
    • Starner, V. R. and S. Novack. 2003. Beyond the Appalachian Trail - IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour October 2003 Tour Book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-01-04. 29 pp.
    • Thompson, D.C., V.R. Starner, and H. Chen. 2003. IR-4 Fungicide Registration Update August 2003 American Phytopathology Society Meeting in Charlotte, NC. Abstract.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. Grants and Regulatory Assistance: The IR-4 Biopesticide Program. 2003 American Phytopathological Society Meetings Abstract 46.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. Using Good Laboratory Practices in the Field. Workshop : Pesticide Residues and Mycotoxins Montoring in Vietnam. Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology and Office of Agriculture, U.S. Embassy Hanoi, Vietnam . 8 pages.
    • Arsenovic, M. and D. L. Kunkel. 2003. The IR-4 Project - a U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States - Herbicide Registration Update. European Weed Research Society Working Group: Weed Management Systems in Vegetables. Workshop in Poland, June 26-27, 2003, Abstracts, pp. 7-9.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. Review of the IR-4 Biopesticide Program. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts. Vol 43 p. 28.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. The Interregional Research Project No. 4 Program and Minor Crops: Developing Choices for Pest Resistance Management. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. Ames, IA. Chapter 5.9
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, M. P. Braverman, D. L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. IR-4 Project - Herbicide Registration Update. Proc Southern Weed Sci. Soc. (in press).
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, M. P. Braverman, D. L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron. 2003. The IR-4 Project - Update on Weed Control Projects. Proc. NEWSS Vol. 57, p. 87.
    • Arsenovic, M., F. P. Salzman, M. P. Braverman, D. L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R. E. Holm. 2003.The IR-4 Project - A U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States - Herbicide Registration Update. Proc. Canadian Weed Science Soc (in press).
    • Bellinder, R. R., M. Arsenovic, D. A. Shah, and B. J. Rauch. Effect of Weed Growth Stage and Adjuvant on the Efficacy of Fomesafen and Bentazon. 2003. Weed Science: Vol 51, No.6, pp. 1016-1021.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, G. M. Markle and R.E. Holm. 2003. Harmonizing Herbicide Regulations in Asia-Pacific: Can it Happen? 19th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society. Manila, Philippines. Plenary paper. pp. 52-58.
    • Braverman, M. P. , D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2003. IR-4 Program for Registration of Biopesticides. 225th Meeting American Chemical Society. Abstract 48.


    Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

    Outputs
    FOOD USES-Research conducted on 104 projects representing 617 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA, California, Canada and industry and data development resulted in pest control solutions including Section 18 time limited tolerances and re-registrations representing 538 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Azoxystrobin/safflower, caneberries, pistachio, cranberry; Carboxin/bulb onion; Diazinon/fig, watercress, hazelnut; Dimethomorph/hop, lettuce, cucurbits, bulb vegetables; Fenbuconazole/blueberry; Fenhexamid/berries, caneberries, Juneberry, lingonberry, pistachio, salal; Fludioxonil/caneberries, bushberries, stone fruit, Juneberry, lingonberry, pistachio, salal, watercress; Fosetyl al/bushberries, lingonberry, Juneberry, salal, turnip, pea, citurs; Myclobutanil/artichoke, sugarbeet; Oxytetracycline/apple; Thiophanate methyl/grape, pear, potato, canola, pistachio, citurs, blueberry; Thiabendazole/lentil; Trifloxystrobin/pistachio; Triflumazole/filbert; Tebuconazole/asparagus, sunflower. HERBICIDE+PGR: Bentazon/clover; Carfentrazone/pepper, tomato; Clethodim/mint, spinach, turnip greens, Brassica vegetables; Clomazone/mint; Clopyralid/strawberry, hop, flax, spinach, sweet corn, cranberry, stone fruit, beet, mustard greens, turnip, Brassica vegetables; 2,4-D/soybean (preplant); Diflufenzopyr/corn, grass; Dimethenamid/bulb onion, sugarbeet; Ethalfluralin/canola, safflower; Ethephon/pome and stone fruits; Halosulfuron/asparagus, dry bean, snap bean; Metolachlor/spinach, tomato; Pendimethalin/mint; Sulfentrazone/flaxseed, potato, lima bean; Triflusulfuron/sugar beet, chicory root. INSECTICIDE+MITICIDE: Bifenazate/mayhaw, greenhouse tomato; Coumaphos/honey and beewax; Cyfluthrin/mustard greens, lettuce, head Brassica, southern pea, dry pea; Cyromazine/dry bean; Hexythiazox/date; Imidacloprid/blueberry, garden beet, turnip, strawberry; Indoxacarb/cranberry; Methoxyfenozide/pistachio, artichoke, lychee, cranberry, longan; Pyriproxyfen/acerola, bushberries, feijoa, stone fruit, guava, jaboticaba, Juneberry, lingonberry, longan, lychee, passionfruit, pulasan, rambutan, salal, Spanish lime, starfruit, wax jambu, strawberry; Spinosad/fig, fresh herbs, dry herbs, root & tuber vegetables; caneberry, grape, raisin, peanut, sugar beet, nectarine; Sulfuryl fluoride/raisin, walnut. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 data were used to support 482 ornamental use registrations for 29 pest control agents, including 3 biopesticides, in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDES - IR-4 data supported 91 food use and 3 ornamental clearances on: AF 36/cotton; Dipotassum phosphate/nonbearing fruits and nuts; Harpin/fruiting vegetables, grape, strawberry; LPE/all foods; Methyl anthranilate/foods; Puccinia thlaspeos/many crops; Sucrose octanoate/all foods. Funding research on 38 biopesticide projects. METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES-research conducted on methyl bromide alternative candidates indicate that several when either used alone or in various combinations could serve as viable replacements for methyl bromide based on efficacy, crop safety and crop yields.

    Impacts
    The IR-4 Mission is to provide pest management solutions to growers of fruits, vegetables and other minor crops. People who benefit from IR-4 are minor crop growers, food processors and consumers. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries, herbs, nursery plants, and ornamentals totaling over 600 crops are classified as minor crops in the United States based on their limited production acreages. However, these minor crops have a major economic impact with a farm gate value of almost $40 billion which represents 40% of all crop value in the United States.

    Publications

    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, M.P. Braverman, D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2002. IR-4 Minor Crop Herbicide Registration Update. Proc. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc., Vol. 56, p. 140.
    • Arsenovic, M., J.R. Frank, D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, R.E. Holm, and D.T. Smith, 2002. The IR-4 Project - A United States National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in Minor Crops (Vegetables, Fruits, Ornamentals & Herbs). Proc. 12th European Weed Research Society Symposium, Wageningen, The Netherlands, p. 224.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, R.E. Holm, and D.T. Smith. 2002. A U.S. National Program for Pesticide Clearances for Minor Crops: The IR-4 Project. Book of Abstracts from 4th European Pesticide Residue Workshop - Pesticides in Food and Drink, Rome, Italy, p. 99.
    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, M.P. Braverman, D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2002. The IR-4 Project - A U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States - Herbicide Registration Update. Proc. Canadian Weed Science Soc. (in press).
    • Baron, J.J. 2002. IR-4 New Pest Control Products/Transitional Solutions List. July 2002 Update. IR-4 Reports, NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. 27200-07-02. 29 pp.
    • Baron, J.J., R.E. Holm, and J.R. Frank. 2002. The Role of the IR-4 Project in the Registration of Plant Growth Regulators in Horticultural Crops. Hort. Tech. 12(1) pp 59-63.
    • Chen, H. 2002. Traditional Chinese Vegetables. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-08-02.
    • Corley, J.S. and D.L. Kunkel. 2002. Detection and Quanitiation Limits for Pesticide Residue Analytical Methods, Their Importance and Practical Methods for Defining Method Limitations. Proceedings of the 10th IUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection, Basel, Switzerland. Abstract 6a.11.
    • Ferrazoli, C.L. and G.M. Markle. 2002. IR-4 Professional Directory. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-07-02. 59 pp.
    • Frank J.R. 2002. IR-4 Weed Control Research on Ornamentals During 2001. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Society, 56:69.
    • Markle, G.M. and S.K. Perry (Editors). 2002. IR-4/USDA International Crop Grouping Symposium Proceedings. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P27200-10-02. (In Press).
    • Frank, J.R. 2002. Pest Control Research for Nursery Crops. 2002 Proc. Southern Nursery Res. Conf. 46:171-180.
    • Frank, J.R. 2002. Ornamental Research Conducted by IR-4 for 2001. WSSA Abstracts 42:81 (288).
    • Kenerley, C.M., T.L. White, M.J. Jeger, and T.J. Gerik. 1998. Sclerotial Formation and Strand Growth of Phymatotrichlpsis Omnivora in Minirhizotrons Planted with Cotton at Different Soil Water Potentials. Plant Pathology 47, 259-266.
    • Kunkel, D.L., R.E. Holm, and J.S. Corley. 2002. United States Department of Agriculture's IR-4 Project - Providing Pest Management Solutions to Growers of Fruits, Vegetables and Other Minor Crops. Proceedings of the 10th IUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection, Basel, Switzerland. Abstract 6a.02.
    • Kunkel, D.L. 2002. Pesticide Regulation in the European Union: Progress and Current Activities. Exploring New Frontiers in Integrated Pest Management, International IPM Conference, Toronto, Canada. P. 66
    • Markle, G.M., J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2002. Minor Use Pesticides - Registration (IR-4 Program). Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals. J. Plimmer (Ed). John Wiley and Sons.
    • Markle, G.M. 2002. Goals of the Symposium. In IR-4/USDA International Crop Grouping Symposium Proceedings, editors G.M. Markle and S.K. Perry. New Jersey Agriculture Experiment Station Publication P27200-10-02, New Brunswick, NJ. (In Press).
    • Markle, G.M. 2002. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02. 33(1) 24 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2002. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-33. (2) 30 pp for Mail Issue plus 28 pp. Web Issue.
    • Markle, G.M. and C.L. Ferrazoli. 2002. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-02. 33(3) 32 pp for Mail Issue.
    • Markle, G.M. and C.L. Ferrazoli. 2002. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-04-02. 33(4) 26 pp.
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. Status of Methyl Bromide and the Alternatives. Proceedings Michigan Nursery and Landscape Association Great Lakes Trade Exposition Annual Conference, East Lansing, MI.
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. Meeting Methyl Bromide Challenges-Methyl Bromide Issues. Proceedings The Earth Technologies Forum and Exhibition Conference, Washington, DC.
    • Holm, R.E. and J.J. Baron. 2002. Evolution of the Crop Protection Industry. Pesticides in Agriculture and the Environment. Marcel Dekker, Inc.
    • Frank, J.R. M. Arsenovic, M.P. Braverman, J.S. Corley, D.L. Kunkel, E. Lurvey, F.P. Salzman, J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2002. National Label Registration of Plant Growth Regulators by IR-4. Plant Growth Regulation Society of America Quarterly April-June 2002. 30(2). p. 82 (63).
    • Frank, J.R. 2002. IR-4 Nursery Crop Pest Control Research During 2002. Proc. Southern Nursery Res. Conf. 47:142-150 (In-press).
    • Frank, J.R., M. Arsenovic, M.P. Braverman, J. Corley, D.L. Kunkel, E. Lurvey, F.P. Salzman, J.J. Baron and R.E. Holm. 2002. National Label Registration of Plant Growth Regulators by IR-4. Proc. 29th Annual Meeting Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. 29: 188-191.
    • Holm R.E. and D.L. Kunkel. 2002. An IR-4 Program for Horticultural Biotechnology. California Agriculture (In Press).
    • Holm, R.E. 2002. Minor Crop Product Withdrawals and the Work of the IR-4 Program. Agrow Reports/Minor Crop Product Withdrawals: An Untapped Opportunity.
    • Holm, R.E. 2002. The IR-4 Program: Meeting the U.S. Minor Crop Pest Control Challenge. Guest Editorial for Phytoparasitica (In Press).
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. The IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives (MBA) Program for Minor Crops. Proceedings Florida Agricultural Conference and Trade Show Annual Conference, Lakeland, FL.
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. Review of Potential Methyl Bromide Alternatives (MBAs). Proceedings Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, Orlando, FL.
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Updates I, II, III. IR-4 Newsletter 33:1 (p. 13); 33:2 (p. 9); and 33:3 (pp 13-14).
    • Norton, J.A. 2002. Results from the 2001-2002 USDA IR-4 MBA Field Trials in California Strawberries. Proceedings Annual international Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. Orlando, FL.
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. IR-4 Champions Minor Use Pest Control Registrations in the United States. Pesticide Outlook, Journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, October 2002, pp. 185-188.
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. IR-4 Biopesticide Research Program: Projects for 2002. Rutgers Plant and Pest Advisory, Organic Edition, Vol. 3, Issue 2.
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. The IR-4 Project: Increasing Pest Control Options for Fruits, Vegetables and Other Specialty Crops. IR-4 Web site (http://www.cook.rutgers.edu/~ir4 Introduction.
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. News Briefs. IR-4 Web site (http://www.cook.rutgers.edu/~ir4
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. The Minor Use Program. Color Pamphlet.
    • Perry, S.K. 2002. Spinosad on Nectarine: A New PHI of One Day. Rutgers Plant and Pest Advisory, Fruit Edition. Vo. 7, Issue 25.
    • Salzman, F.P., M. Arsenovic, M.P. Braverman, D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2002. IR-4 Project: Update on Weed Control Projects. WSSA Abstracts 42:209, p. 59-60.
    • Starner, V.R. 2002. Beyond the Chesapeake - IR-4/EPA/USDA Field Tour June 2002 Tour Book. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-06-02. 25 pp.
    • Thompson, D.C. 2002. IR-4 - A Program for Minor Use Crops. Phytopathology News. 36:12. pp. 157-8.
    • Thompson, D.C., V.R. Starner, J.S. Corley, M. Arsenovic, and H. Chen. 2002. IR-4 Fungicide Registration Update. Phytopathology 92:S80 (Abstr).
    • Wauchope, R.D., D.L. Kunkel, P.H. Schwartz, and N.R. Ragsdale. 2002. Pesticide Registration for Minor Uses - A Global Problem. Proceedings of the 10th IUPAC International Congress on the Chemistry of Crop Protection, Basel, Switzerland. Abstract 6a.17.


    Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

    Outputs
    FOOD USES - Research conducted on 107 projects representing 608 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA, California, Canada and industry and data development resulted in pest control solutions including Section 18 time limited tolerances and re-registrations representing 543 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Azoxystrobin/blueberry, cabbage, collard, grass seed, lychee, mango, mint, mustard green, pepper, strawberry, tropical tree fruits, watercress; Carboxin/onion; Chlorothalonil/asparagus, ginseng, mango, pistachio; Cymoxanil/hop; Cyprodinil/caneberry, onion, strawberry; Dimethomorph/cucurbits; Fludioxonil/apricot, nectarine, peach, plum; Mancozeb/ginseng; Mefenoxam/artichoke, atemoya, basil, carambola, chive, coriander, kiwifruit, lingonberry, mint, papaya, rosemary, sage, sugar apple; Myclobutanil/artichoke, hop, pepper, sugarbeet; Propiconazole/bean, cranberry; Tebuconazole/barley, garlic, hop, sunflower; Thiabendazole/lentil. HERBICIDE & PGR: Carfentrazone/caneberry, hop; Clethodim/beet, broccoli, cabbage, cantaloupe, carrot, cauliflower, celery, clover, cranberry, fescue, flax, horseradish, leaf lettuce, mustard seed, green onion, potato, pumpkin, radish, rhubarb, squash, strawberry, turnip, watermelon; Clomazone/cucurbits, root crops; Clopyralid/canola, cranberry, flax; Desmedipham/beet; Diuron/blueberry, gooseberry; Ethafluralin/canola, safflower; Halosulfuron/melons; Hydrogen Cyanamide/apple, peach, plum; Imazamox/legume vegetables; Metolachlor/spinach, tomato; Paraquat/artichoke, dry pea, endive, persimmon; Pendimethalin/mint; Pronamide/cranberry; Sethoxydim/safflower; Sulfentrazone/strawberry; Terbacil/watermelon. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/avocado, basil, celeriac; Bifenazate/greenhouse tomato; Diflubenzuron/pear; Fenpropathrin/currant; Hexythiazox/caneberry, mint; Imidacloprid/bean, blueberry, cherry, cilantro, cranberry, peach, sweet corn, turnip greens; Pyriproxyfen/pistachio; Spinosad/artichoke, asparagus, bean, beet, blueberry, cranberry, grass, okra, peanut, pomefruit, strawberry, tree nuts, turnip; Tebufenozide/grape, longan, lychee, sweet potato. RODENTICIDE: Zinc Phosphide/barley, potato, sugarbeet, wheat. ORNAMENTALS - IR-4 data were used to support 296 ornamental use registrations for 32 pest control agents, including 2 biopesticides, in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDES - IR-4 data supported 21 food use and one ornamental clearances on Aspergillus flavus 36 on cotton for reducing aflatoxin; LPE on 16 crops for extended shelf life; Methyl Anthranilate on corn and cotton as bird repellent; Pseudomonas chlororaphis on pepper and tomato as plant vigor enhancer; Verticillium dahliae for Dutch elm disease. Funded research on 44 biopesticide projects.

    Impacts
    The IR-4 Mission is to provide pest management solutions to growers of fruits, vegetables and other minor crops. People who benefit from IR-4 are minor crop growers, food processors and consumers. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries, herbs, nursery plants, and ornamentals totaling over 600 crops are classified as minor crops in the United States based on their limited production acreages. However, these minor crops have a major economic impact with a farm gate value of almost $40 billion which represents 40% of all crop value in the United States.

    Publications

    • Arsenovic, M., F.P. Salzman, M.P. Braverman, D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2001. IR-4 Minor Crop Herbicide Registration Update. Proc. Northeastern Weed Sci. Soc., Vol. 55, p. 113.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2001. Minor Use Registration in the United States - the IR-4 Project. Proc. 2001 Canadian Expert Committee on Weeds (in press).
    • Arsenovic, M., and D.L. Kunkel. 2001. The IR-4 Project - A U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States. European Weed Research Society Newsletter No. 78, September 2001, p. 7.
    • Baron, J.J., R.E. Holm, and J.R. Frank. 2001. The Role of the IR-4 Project in the Registration of Plant Growth Regulators in Horticultural Crops. (ASHS in Press)
    • Braverman, M.P., J.S. Corley, D.C. Thompson, M. Arsenovic, V.R. Starner, K.W. Dorschner, K.S. Samoil, F.P. Salzman, D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2001. Calculation and Survey of Application Accuracy. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts Vol. 41 p. 17.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2001. Biotechnology and Minor Crops: Herbicide Resistance and More. Weed Science Society of America Abstracts Vol. 41 p. 142.
    • Braverman, M.P., J.S. Corley, D.C. Thompson, M. Arsenovic, V.R. Starner, K.W. Dorschner, K.S. Samoil, F.P. Salzman, D.L. Kunkel and J.J. Baron. 2001. Application Accuracy in GLP Research. Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society. Vol. 54 p. 188.
    • Ferrazoli, C.L., and G.M. Markle. 2001. IR-4 Professional Directory. IR-4 Headquarters, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. 1(1) 25 pp.
    • Braverman, M.P., J.S. Corley, D.C. Thompson, M. Arsenovic, V.R. Starner, K.W. Dorschner, K.S. Samoil, F.P. Salzman, D.L. Kunkel and J.J. Baron. 2001. Calculation and Survey of Application Accuracy. Proceedings II, 18th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. p. 887.
    • Corley, J.S. 2001. Novel Method for Reporting Detection and Quantitation Limits for Pesticide Residues in Food Products and their Importance in Assigning Values to Non-Detectable and Non-Quantifiable Pesticide Residues. American Chemical Society, Agrochemicals Division, Abstract 8.
    • Frank, J.R. 2001. IR-4 Ornamental Weed Control Research During 2000. Proc. NEWSS 55:53.
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. IR-4 Research for Pest Control in Nursery Crops - 1999. Proc. Southern Nurs. Res. Conf. 45: 184-190.
    • Frank J.R., J.J. Baron, and W.L. Biehn. 2000. The IR-4 Program for Registering Plant Growth Regulators for Specialty Crops. Proc. Plant Growth Regulation Society of America. 27:48
    • Frank, J.R. 2001. IR-4 Ornamental Research During 2000. WSSA Abstracts 41:45 (106).
    • Frank, J.R. 2001. The IR-4 Ornamental Research Program for 2000. Proc. 17th Society of American Florists Conference Insect and Disease Management on Ornamentals 17:55-60.
    • Frank J.R. 2001. Record Year for the IR-4 Program. Gemplers IPM Solutions for April 2001, p. 1-2.
    • Frank, J.R. 2001. IR-4 Minor Use Report Card 2001 Update Commercially Grown Floral, Forestry, Nursery and Turf Crops. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication. P - 27200-05-01, 28 pp.
    • Handelsman, J.E., R.M. Goodman, and M.R. Rondon. 2001. Microorganism Genomics, Composition and Methods Related Thereto. USDA Grant No.: IR-4 94-34108-0002. US Patent No.: US 6,261,842 B1 on 17 JUL 2001. Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Madison, WI.
    • Kunkel, D.L. 2001. Taking a Ride Through the Regulatory Process at the U.S. EPA. 2001. Quality Assurance Annual Meeting. Abstract 1 p.
    • Kunkel, D.L., and R.E. Holm. 2001. The IR-4 Project - Providing Pest Management Solutions to Growers of Hops, Fruits, Vegetables and Other Minor Crops. Proceedings of the Scientific Commission, Canterbury, Kent, England. 4 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2001. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-01. 32(1) 39 pp plus insert 24pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2001. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-01. 32(2) 24 pp for Mail Issue plus 28 pp. Web Issue.
    • Markle, G.M. 2001. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-01. 32(3) 24 pp for Mail Issue plus 31 pp. Web Issue.
    • Markle, G.M. 2001. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-01. 32(4) 24 pp for Mail Issue plus 35 pp. Web Issue.
    • Norton, J.A. 2001. IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives (MBA) Program; Results from IR-4 MBA Trials in Florida, Fall 1999/2000 Programs. IR-4 Report Card as center insert in IR-4 Newsletter 31:4. 8 pp.
    • Norton, J.S. 2001. IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Updates I, II and III. IR-4 Newsletter 32:1 (pp. 16-17); 32:2 (p. 15-16); 32:3 (p.17).
    • Norton, J.A., and D.C. Thompson. 2001. Status of IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Programs in Minor Crops. Proc. American Phytopathological Society, Mycological Society of America and Society of Nematologist Annual Conference. August 2001.
    • Norton, J.A. 2001. Status of IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives Programs for Minor Crops. Proc. 2001 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reduction. November, 2001.


    Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

    Outputs
    FOOD USES - Research conducted on 138 projects representing 692 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA and industry and data development resulted in pest control solution clearances including Section 18 time limited tolerances and re-registrations representing 511 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Azoxystrobin/barley, Brassica leafy vegetables, cilantro, spinach, strawberry, watercress; Cyprodinil/strawberry; Fenbuconazole/blueberry; Fenhexamid/pear; Fludioxonil/bulb vegetables, peach, plum, strawberry; Mancozeb/ginseng; Myclobutanil/artichoke, asparagus, caneberry, currant, gooseberry, mint, pepper, snap bean, strawberry; Tebuconazole/barley, hop, lentil, sunflower. HERBICIDE: Carfentrazone/wild rice; Clopyralid/peach, nectarine; 2,4-D/wild rice; Glyphosate/super crop group; Halosulfuron/cucumber, summer squash, winter squash; Norflurazon/Bermuda grass; Paraquat/artichoke; Pendimethalin/mint; Pyridate/mint; Sulfentrazone/horseradish, lima bean. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/avocado, basil, celeriac; Bifenthrin/bell pepper, caneberry, grape, head lettuce, nonbell pepper; Cyromazine/lima bean; Diflubenzuron/pear, rangegrass; Fenpropathrin/cucumber, currant, pumpkin, squash; Hexythiazox/date; Imidacloprid/snap bean, stone fruit, strawberry, sweet corn, turnip root and greens; Pyridaben/cranberry, pistachio; Spinosad/atemoya, amaranth grain, barley, grass forage and fodder, nongrass animal feed, millet, oats, popcorn, spinach, teosinte, tropical fruit, turnip greens, watercress; Tebuconazole/garlic, grape. RODENTICIDE: Zinc Phosphide/alfalfa, barley, timothy, wheat. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data were used to support 1155 ornamental use registrations for 28 pest control agents, including 4 biopesticides, in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDE: IR-4 data supported 56 food use and two ornamental clearances on cinnamaldehyde for mite/powdery mildew control in 39 new crops; Chitosan (ELEXA(R)4) for powdery mildew control on grape, strawberry, and rose; harpin protein (MESSENGER) on apple and grape for disease control; Milsana(R) for powdery mildew control on ornamentals. EPA also approved a revised Experimental Use Permit for lysophosphatidylethanolamine on 13 fruit crops to promote ripening and extend storage shelf life. Funded research on 37 biopesticide projects.

    Impacts
    The IR-4 Mission is to provide pest management solutions to growers of fruits, vegetables and other minor crops. People who benefit from IR-4 are minor crop growers, food processors and consumers. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries, herbs, nursery plants, and ornamentals totaling over 600 crops are classified as minor crops in the United States based on their limited production acreages. However, these minor crops have a major economic impact with a farm gate value of almost $40 billion which represents 40% of all crop value in the United States.

    Publications

    • Thompson, D.C. 2000. Fungicide and Nematicide Minor Use Registration Update. Phytopathology (Abstract) Volume 90, Number 6, June (Supplement).
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. IR-4 Program - Registering Pesticides for Specialty Plants. Native Plants Journal. Fall 2000. Volume 1(2). p 106.
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. IR-4 Ornamentals Program. Olympic Events. Spring 1999. Volume 3(3). pp2-3.
    • Holm, R.E. 2000. A Quantum Leap. WOW! 2000. Farm Chemicals. Meister Publishing Company. pp14-17.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, and M.P. Braverman. 2000. IR-4 Minor Crop Pesticide Registration Update. Proc. Northeastern Weed Science Soc. Vol. 54, p. 130.
    • Arsenovic, M., D.L. Kunkel, and J.J. Baron. 2000. The IR-4 Project - a U.S. National Agricultural Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States. Proc. 2000 Canadian Expert Committee on Weeds (in press).
    • Baron, J.J., J.R. Frank and R.E. Holm. 2000. The Role of the IR-4 Project in the Registration of Plant Growth Regulators for Horticultural Crops HORTSCI v35(3) p. 378. June 2000.
    • Braverman, M.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, F.P. Salzman, and M. Arsenovic. 2000. Herbicide Registration Update for Minor Crops. Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society Abstract 53(207).
    • Dorschner, K.W., R.E. Holm, K.S. Samoil, G.M. Markle, B.A. Schneider, F.P. Salzman, and W.L. Biehn. 2000. The Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4) and IPM. In E.B. Radcliffe and W.D. Hutchinson [eds]. Radcliffe: IPM World Textbook. URL: http://ipmworld.umn.edu University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. (Permanently archived) 20 pp.
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. IR-4 Ornamental Research Progress for 1999. Proc NEWSS 54:81.
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. IR-4 Research for Pest Control in Nursery Crops - 1998. Proc of Southern Nursery Research Conference 44:167-175.
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. IPM Success Stories. IR-4 Program Focuses on Alternatives Gemplers IPM Solutions. Feb. 2000. p3.
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. The IR-4 Ornamental Research Program for 1999. Proc. 16th Society of American Florists Conference Insect and Disease Management on Ornamentals. Volume 16:19-24.
    • Frank, J.R., J.J. Baron, and W.L. Biehn. 2000. The IR-4 Program for Registering Plant Growth Regulators for Specialty Crops. PGRSA Quarterly April-June 28(2). p41(18).
    • Frank, J.R. 2000. IR-4 Minor Use Report Card - 2000 Update. Commercially Grown Floral, Forestry, Nursery and Turf Crops. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. P-27200-05-00. 24 pp.
    • Holm, R.E. 2000. Evolution of the Crop Protection Industry. Chapter in book entitled Pesticides in Agriculture and the Environment by Marcel Dekker, Inc. Publishing. (in press).
    • Holm, R.E. and W.L. Biehn. 2000. IR-4 Biopesticide Programs. IR-4/EPA/PMRA Biopesticide Registration Workshop Proceedings (in press).
    • Holm, R.E. and J.J. Baron. 2000. Managing Pests in the 21st Century. American Fruit Grower (special issue entitled Your Future Looks Bright). November. pp25-27.
    • Holm, R.E. and J.J. Baron. 2000. Pest Control in a New Century. American Vegetable Grower (special issued entitled Forging Ahead: At the Crossroads of a New Century). December (in press).
    • Kirkwyland, J.J., M. Arsenovic, and R.R. Bellinder. 2000. Using Weed Growth Stage to Reduce Herbicide Rates, Proc. Third International Weed Science Congress - IWSC, p 191.
    • Markle, G.M., J.J. Baron, and R.E. Holm. 2000. Minor Use Pesticide Registration (IR-4 Program). IN Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals Editors: J.R. Plimmer, D.W. Gammon, N.N. Ragsdale, and T. Roberts. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., NY, NY. (in press).
    • Markle, G.M. 2000. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-00. 31(1) 35 pp plus insert 24 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2000. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-00. 31(2) 35 pp plus insert 24 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2000. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-00. 31(3) 40 pp plus insert 8 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 2000. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-04-00. 31(4) 39 pp plus insert 8 pp.
    • Norton, J.A. 2000. Methyl Bromide Alternatives Updates I, II and III. IR-4 Newsletter 30:4 (pp. 18-20); 31:11 (p. 13); 31:2 (p. 15). Olsen, B., M. Nelson, B. Johnson and J. Norton. 2000. Results from 1999-2000 USDA IR-4 MBA Field Trials in California and Florida Tomatoes. Proceedings of 2000 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. pp. 4-1 to 4-3.
    • Nelson, M., B. Olsen, and J.A. Norton. 2000. Results from 1999-2000 USDA IR-4 MBA Field Trials in California and Florida Strawberries. Proceedings of 2000 Annual Interregional Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. pp. 3-1, 3-2.
    • Norton, J.A. 2000. Review of IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternative Program for Minor Crops. Proceedings of 2000 Annual Interregional Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. pp. 2-1, 2-2.
    • Norton, J.A. 2000. IR-4 Methyl Bromide Alternatives (MBA) Program; Results from IR-4 MBA Trials in Florida, Fall 1999 Programs. IR-4 Report Card as center insert in IR-4 Newsletter 31:3. 8 pp.
    • Perry, S.K. 2000. IR-4 Helps Minor Crops Survive FQPA. American Farm Bureau Federation 2000 Farmer Idea Exchange. Houston, Texas 9-11 Jan 00 Annual Convention Poster Paper Abstract p. 26.
    • Salzman, F.P., D.L. Kunkel, J.J. Baron, M. Arsenovic, and M.P. Braverman. 2000. IR-4 Project: Minor Crop Pesticide Update. WSSA Abstract (21) Vol. 40.
    • Smith, D.T., M. Arsenovic, and R. Melnicoe. 2000. Pesticide Reviews and Clearances in the United States: Progress and Participants. Proc. 3rd European Pesticide Residue Workshop, York, UK (in press).
    • Thompson, D.C., J.J. Baron, and D.L. Kunkel. 2000. The IR-4 Project - A Minor Use Program for Pest Management Solutions in the United States. The British Crop Protection Council Conference Proceedings, Brighton, UK. pp. 253-1260.


    Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

    Outputs
    FOOD USES - Research conducted on 149 projects representing 566 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA and industry and data development resulted in pest control solution clearances including Section 18 time limited tolerances and re-registrations representing 313 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Aspergillus flavus/cotton; Azoxystrobin/strawberry, spinach, watercress; Cymoxanil/hop; Cyprodinil/caneberry, strawberry; Dimethomorph/cantaloupe, cucumber, spinach, watermelon; Diphenylamide/pear; Fenbuconazole/blueberry; Fludioxonil/caneberry, strawberry; Fosetyl Al/blueberry, grape, macadamia nut; Myclobutanil/hop, strawberry; Propiconazole/cranberry; Tebuconazole/garlic, sunflower. HERBICIDE: 2,4-D/soybean, wild rice; Clomazone/watermelon; Clopyralid/canola, cranberry, flax; Copper Complex/potato; Desmedipham/beet; Ethalfuralin/canola; Gibberellic Acid/all foods; Glufosinate/sweet corn; Imazamox/bean; Metolachlor/grass, spinach, tomato; Oxyfluorfen/strawberry; Paraquat/artichoke, pea; Pendimethalin/mint; Pronamide/cranberry, grass seed; Pyridate/mint; Sethoxydim/asparagus, buckwheat, carrot, cranberry, horseradish, mint; Sulfentrazone/cowpea, lima bean, sunflower; Terbacil/watermelon. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/avocado, celeriac, hop; Bifenthrin/artichoke, beans, canola, crambe, cucurbits, edible podded legume vegetables, eggplant, head and stem brassica vegetables, peas, rapeseed, raspberry; Carbaryl/prickly pear cactus, okra; Cinnamaldehyde/all foods; Cyromazine/lima bean; Diflubenzuron/pear; Formic acid/beeswax, honey; Imidacloprid/blueberry, cranberry, cucurbits, dasheen, legume vegetables, strawberry, taro, tuberous & corm vegetables, upland watercress; Malathion/apricot, asparagus, blackberry, broccoli, cabbage, carrot, chestnut, fig, guava, macadamia nut, mango, melon, mint, mushroom, mustard greens, okra, papaya, passion fruit, pea, peach, pear, pineapple, raspberry, spinach, strawberry, turnip, walnut, watercress; Spinosad/all foods, cranberry, tuberous & corm vegetables; Tebufenozide/berries, canola, cranberry, longan, lychee, mint, turnip; Zinc Phosphide/alfalfa, sugar beet, timothy. ORNAMENTALS:IR-4 data were used to support 532 ornamental use registrations for 33 pest control agents in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDE: Tolerance exemptions established for formic acid on honey and beeswax to control mites, cinnamaldehyde on all foods for control of various insects, and gibberellins for use as plant regulator on many minor crops. Temporary tolerance exemptions and experimental use permits were established for Aspergillus flavus on cotton to control aflatoxin, Verticillium dahliae for disease control on elms, and Bacillus subtilus GB03 for soil disease control on turf and ornamentals. Additional registrations were Sparganothis fruitworm pheromone in cranberry, Azadiractin based botanical insecticide for use on ornamentals and turf, MCH as antiaggregation pheromone for control of Douglas fir beetle in forestry, Pseudomonas aureofaciens TX-1 for control of pink snow mold on turf, and weather resistant Kaolin on fruit crops for insect control. Funded research on 29 biopesticide projects.

    Impacts
    The IR-4 Mission is to provide pest management solutions to growers of fruits, vegetables and other minor crops. People who benefit from IR-4 are minor crop growers, food processors and consumers. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, berries, herbs, nursery plants, and ornamentals totaling over 600 crops are classified as minor crops in the United States based on their limited production acreages. However, these minor crops have a major economic impact with a farm gate value of almost $40 billion which represents 40% of all crop value in the United States.

    Publications

    • Braverman, M.P. 1999. The IR-4 Project: A U.S. National Agricultural Program for Crop Protection Chemical Registration. Abstracts 17th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. p. 129.
    • Frank, J.R. 1998. The 1997 IR-4 Research Program Proc. PGRSA. 25:188.
    • Frank, J.R. 1998. IR-4 Research for Pest Control in Nursery Crops - 1998 Proc. Of Southern Nursery Res. Conf. 43:150-153.
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. IR-4 Ornamental Research for 1998 Proc. NEWSS. 53:124.
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. 1998 Research with the IR-4 Ornamental Program. WSSA Abstracts 39:87 (174).
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. The IR-4 Ornamental Research Program. Proc. 15th SAF Conference on Insect and Disease Management on Ornamentals. 15:13-17.
    • Frank, J.R., J.C. Locke, and C.R. Krause. 1998. The IR-4 Ornamentals Research Program 1977-1998 Phytopath. 88(9): 5-29.
    • Frank, J.R. 1998. IR-4 Crop Pest Management Program in National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations - 1998. SRS-25 p. 75-77.
    • Frank, J.R. 1999. Seeking Approval. American Nurseryman. August 1, 1999. 190(3) 62-65.
    • Hackett-Fields, K. and T.L. White. 1999. Findings and Actions Taken - IR-4's Response to a Bushel of Agency Inspections (Poster). 15th Annual Meeting of the Society of Quality Assurance. Abstract, p. III-13.
    • Holm, R.E. 1999. Crop Protection - A Quantum Leap. Farm Chemicals Special Edition: 2000 WOW - A Remarkable Past/A Dazzling Future. p 14-16.
    • Holm, R.E. 1999. New Perspectives for the Future of the IR-4 Program. European Crop Protection Association Fourth Mediterranean Conference: Transcripts of Presentations 19 November 1999.
    • Holm, R.E. 1999. IR-4's Strategy, Challenges and Progress. IR-4 Symposium - Future Approaches to Minor Crop Pest Management. IR-4 Symposium Proceedings (in press).
    • Markle, G.M. 1999. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-99. 30(1):33pp.
    • Jordan, D.L., P.K. Bollich, M.P. Braverman, and D.E. Sanders. 1999. Influence of Tillage and Triticum aestivum Cover Crop on Herbicide Efficacy in Oryza sativa. Weed Sci. 47:332-337.
    • Kuack D. and J.R. Frank. 1999. J. Ray Frank on FQPA and IR-4. G.M. Pro Magazine. 19(6) 54-58.
    • Kunkel, D.L. and J.J. Baron. 1999. Potential Impacts of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. WSSA Abstract 39:87 (313).
    • Markle, G.M. 1999. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-99. 30(2):38pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 1999. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-99. 30(3):39pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 1999. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-04-99. 30(4):37pp.


    Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

    Outputs
    FOOD USES - Research conducted on 163 projects representing 609 trials. IR-4 food safety data submitted to EPA and industry and data development resulted in pesticide actions including Section 18 time limited tolerances representing 147 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Azoxystrobin/parsley, watercress; Fludioxonil/nectarine, peach, plum; Fenbuconazole/blueberry; Mancozeb/ginseng; Methyl bromide/watermelon; Myclobutanil/artichoke, asparagus, caneberry, hop, mint, strawberry; Propiconazole/cranberry; Tebuconazole/hop, pistachio, sunflower; Thiabendazole/lentil. HERBICIDE: Clomazone/watermelon; Clopyralid/canola, cranberry; Desmedipham/beet; Endothall/canola; Ethephon/blueberry; Glyphosate/chickpea, dry pea, durian, lentil, mangosteen, rambutan; Metolachlor/pepper, spinach; Oxyfluorfen/strawberry; Paraquat/dry pea; Pendimethalin/mint; Pronamide/cranberry, grass; Pyridate/chickpea; Quizalofop/mint; Sethoxydim/artichoke; caneberry; leafy, tuberous and corm vegetables; Terbacil/watermelon. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/basil, celeriac; Bifenthrin/cabbage, canola, cucurbits, raspberry; Cypermethrin/green onion; Esfenvalerate/artichoke, kiwifruit, kohlrabi, mustard green; Fenpropathrin/currant; Hexythiazox/date; Imidacloprid/beet, cucurbit, turnip; Pyridaben/cranberry; Spinosad/potato; Tebufenozide/cranberry, turnip, sweet potato; Zinc phosphide/alfalfa, potato, sugar beet, timothy. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data was used to support 495 ornamental use registrations for 43 pest control agents in a wide variety of nursery, floral, forestry and turf crops. BIOPESTICIDES: Total of 65 clearances. Tolerances established supporting full registration for Kaolin to control insects, fungi and bacterial damage on 48 crops. Temporary tolerance exemptions and a three year Experimental Use Permit established for Lysophosphatidylethanolamine on 13 fruit crops to promote ripening and extend the storage shelf life. Temporary tolerance exemptions and a three year Experimental Use Permit established for Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PRA-25 as a planter box seed treatment on pea, snap bean, sweet corn and supersweet corn. Funded research on 14 biopesticide projects. Ten biopesticide petitions, amendments or data packages were submitted to EPA. Published the revised 2nd edition of Food and Feed Crops of the United States by G.M. Markle, J.J. Baron and B.A. Schneider. This book covers selected botanical and horticultural knowledge on over 1,000 crops concerned with commodity vocabulary, crop groupings, and pesticide residue testing. Available from Meister Publishing Company at Website .

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications

    • Frank, J.R. 1998. The 1997 IR-4 Research Program. PGRSA Quarterly V. 26(2)(46): 66
    • Hartman, C.L. and G.M. Markle. 1998. IR-4 Biopesticide Program for Minor Crops. In Biopesticides Use and Delivery. Editors F.R. Hall and J.J. Menn. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ. pp. 443-452.
    • Holm, R.E. 1998. IR-4 - Reducing the Risks for Minor Crops (Feature Article). AGROW World Crop Protection News. 28 August 1998, No. 311, pp. 15-16
    • Kunkel, D.L., and J.J. Baron. 1998. 2,4-D Use on Minor Crops in the Twenty First Century. WSSA 38:17 (2.14)
    • Baron, J.J., and D.L. Kunkel. 1998. The Impact of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 on Food Tolerances in Minor Crops. WSSA 38:17 (6.8)
    • Dorschner, K.W. 1998. New Chemistry Pesticides for Minor Crops. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Northcentral Branch Entomological Society of America. Abstract 164, p. 62
    • Frank, J.R. 1997. 1996 Ornamental Research Program of IR-4. Hort. Sci. 32(3):493
    • Frank, J.R. 1998. IR-4 Ornamental Weed Control Research 1977-1997. Proc. Newss 52:133
    • Frank, J.R., D.L. Kunkel, W.L. Biehn, and R.T. Guest. 1998. Twenty Years of Progress with the IR-4 Ornamental Research Program. WSSA 38:17 (3.1)
    • Kunkel, D.L., E.L. Lurvey, and J.J. Baron. 1998. IR-4 Minor Crop Pesticide Registration Update. WSSA 38:17 (2.8)
    • Markle, G.M., J.J. Baron, and B.A. Schneider. 1998. Food and Feed Crops of the United States. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, Ohio. 517 pp. (www.meisterpro.com)
    • Markle, G.M. 1998. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-98. 29(1): 38 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 1998. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-98. 29(2): 23 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 1998. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-03-98. 29(3): 44 pp.
    • Markle, G.M. 1998. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-04-98. 29(4): 22 pp.
    • Thompson, D.C. 1998. Fungicide and Nematicide Registration Update from IR-4. Phytopathology. Abstract 88(9) Supplement p. 89
    • Thompson, D.C. 1998. Working Groups to Evaluate Fungicide Programs. Phytopathology News. 32(6) p. 103
    • White, T.L. 1998. The Interregional Research Project #4 - Meeting Minor Crop Challenges of the New Millennium. 14th Annual Meeting of the Society of Quality Assurance. Abstract, p. II-17.


    Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

    Outputs
    FOOD USES: Research conducted on 145 projects representing 555 trials. IR-4 data submitted to EPA & industry & data development resulted in pesticide actions including Section 18 time limited tolerances representing 66 clearances: FUNGICIDE: Chlorothalonil/ginseng; Fenarimol/filbert; Mycobutanil/ peppermint, spearmint, strawberry; Propiconazole/cranberry; Triadimefon/ artichoke. HERBICIDE: Acifluorfen/lima bean,southern pea; Clomazone/watermelon; Clopyralid/cranberrhy, anola; 2,4-D/wild rice; Desmedipham/garden beet; Fomesafen/dry bean, snap bean; Oxyflurofen/strawberry: Paraquat/dry pea; Pendimethalin/mint hay & oil; Pyridate/garbanzo; Sethoxydim/asparagus, carrot, cranberry, endive, escarole, horseradish, peppermint, spearmint; Terbacil/ watermelon. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/dried hop; Bifenthrin/canola, cucurbits, dried hop, raspberry; Cryolite/cranberry; Cyromazine/lima bean; Imidacloprid/ garden beet, cucurbits as rotational crops, cucurbits, turnip; Permethrin/ avocado, cherry, cucumber, squash. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data was used to support 143 ornamental use registrations for 22 pest control agents. BIOPESTICIDE: Temporary exemptions established for Kaolin to control insects, fungi, and bacterial damage on apple, apricot, banana, bean, caneberry, cucurbit, grape, melon, nut, peach, peanut, pear, pepper, plum, potato, small grain, soybean, strawberry, sugar beet, tomato, seed crop and ornamentals, representing 61 clearances.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications

    • Frank, J.R. 1997. Successes with the IR-4 Ornamental Weed Control Program in 1995-1996. Proc. NEWSS 51:103.
    • Frank, J.R. 1997. IR-4 Plant Growth Research for Environmental Horticulture Crops. PGRSA Quarterly 25:(2) (61) 87.---
    • Frank, J.R. 1997. IR-4 Research for Pest Control in Nursery Crops-1996. Proc. SOuthern Nurseryman's Assoc., Inc. 42:192-199 (In
    • Frank, J.R. 1996. IR-4 Plant Growth Regulator Research for Environmental Horticultural Crops. Proc. 24th Annual Meeting. PGRSA
    • Frank, J.R. 1997. The Use of Plant Growth Regulators in Environmental Horticulture: Introduction to Workshop. Proc. 24th Annual Meeting. PGRSA 24:150.---
    • Hackett-Fields, K. 1997. Steps to Regulatory Recall. AALAS Tri-Branch Symposium Abstract. June, p. T4.---
    • Kunkel, D.L., Baron, J.J. and Lurvey, E.L. 1997. IR-4 Minor Crop Pesticide Registration Update and Potential Impact of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Weed Science Society of America
    • Markle, G.M. 1997. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-01-97. 28(1):21
    • Markle, G.M. 1997. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-02-97. 28(2):24
    • Markle, G.M. 1997. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-37200-03-97. 28(3):23
    • Markle, G.M. 1997. IR-4 Newsletter. NJAES No. P-27200-04-97. 28(4):17
    • Thompson, D.C. and Biehn, W.L. 1997. Minor Use Fungicide and Nematicide Registration Update. Phytopathology Abstract. 87:6


    Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

    Outputs
    FOOD USES: Res. conducted on 151 projects representing 518 trials. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA & industry resulted in pesticide actions representing 83 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDE: Chlorothalonil/blueberry, filbert, mushroom; Fosetyl Al/blueberry; Propiconazole/mint, mushroom; Triadimefon/chili pepper. HERBICIDE: Acifluorfen/strawberry; Bromoxynil/canary- grass, mint; Clomazone/cucumber, snapbean, summer squash, winter squash; 2,4- D/asparagus, cranberry, lowbush blueberry, pome fruit, potato, soybean, stone fruit, strawberry, sweet corn,tree,nuts; Lactofen/snapbean; Metolachlor/ spinach; Norfluorazon/leucaena; Paraquat/cucumber, eggplant, melon, pepper, pumpkin, squash, tomato; Pronamide/nongrass animal feed, stone fruit; Quizalofop/pineapple; Trifluralin/mint. INSECTICIDE: Abamectin/cattle fat, hop, hop (dried); Diflubenzuron/artichoke; Imidacloprid/cucurbit vegetables; Naled/hop. ORNAMENTALS:IR-4 data used to support 891 ornamental use registrations for 70 pest control agents and their combinations on various ornamental species. BIOPESTICIDE-Temporary exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance established for:A.flavus AF36 for aflatoxin in cotton; F. balustinum + T. hamatum for fortified compost; and Cinnamaldehyde registered on mushroom. Funded research on A. flavus AF36 on cotton; T. harzianum on grape & strawberry; Spinosad, Vectobac & Azatin on specialty mushroom; Macleava extract on greenhouse ornamentals; P. fluorescens PRA25 + B.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications

    • Frank, J.R. 1996. Research Progress of the IR-4 Ornamentals Program. Abstr. WeedSci. Soc. Amer. 36:21.
    • Frank, J.R. 1996. IR-4 Research for Pest Control in Nursery crops-1995. Proc. South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 41:157-161.
    • Frank, J.R., Hartman, C.L. 1995. IR-4 Plant Growth Regulator Research for Nursery, Floral and Food Crops. Proc. Twenty-second Annual Meeting Plt. Growth Reg. Soc. of Amer. 22:147-151.
    • Frank, J.R., Hartman, C.L. 1996. IR-4 Plant Growth Regulator Research from 1977 to 1996. Proc. Twenty-third Annual Meeting Plt. Growth Reg. Soc. of Amer. 23:157-260.
    • Frank, J.R., Hartman, C.L. 1996. IR-4 Plant Growth Regulatory Research from 1977to 1996. Plt. Growth Reg. Soc. Amer. Quarterly 24:50.
    • Frank, J.R. 1996. The 1995 IR-4 Program. Proc. of the 1996 Japanese Beetle Review, 3 pages. McMinnville, TN.
    • Hartman, C.L. 1996. IR-4 (The Minor Use Project) Working for Biopesticide Registration. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstract D420. Louisville, Kentucky.
    • Kunkel, D.L., Bellinder, R.R., Steffens, J.C. 1996. Safeners Reduce Corn (Zea mays) Chloracetanilide and Dicamba Injury Under Different Soil Temperatures. Weed Technology. 10:115-120.


    Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

    Outputs
    Research was conducted on 159 projects representing 458 trials. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA & manufacturers resulted in pesticide actions representing 104 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDES: Benomyl/Papaya; Captan strawberry. HERBICIDES: Clomazole/cabbage, Chinese cabbbage, cucumber, summer squash; Clopyralid/asparagus; Glyphosate/mint; Imazethapyr/endive,lettuce; Linuron/ asparagus;Metolachlor/celery,garlic,onion (dry); Napropamide/currant, rhubarb, sweet potato; Oxyfluorfen/blackberry, raspberry; Paraquat/lentil; Pronamide/ radicchio; Prometryn/parsley; Sethoxydim/asparagus, carrot, cranberry, endive, mint; Sodium Chlorate/potato. INSECTICIDES: Carbofuran/ canola; Cryolite/ cranberry; Cyromazine/Chinese cabbage & mustard; Diazinon/cranberry; Dimethoate/asparagus;Esfenvalerate/blueberry;Imidacloprid/fruiting vegetables except cucurbits, hop; Permethrin/bell pepper. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 data used to support 409 ornamental use registrations for abamectin, acephate, ancymidol, azadirachtin, bendiocarb, benefin, chlorphyrifos, copper complex, cooper hydroxide,cyromazine,diazinon,dienochlor,etridiazole,fenpropathrin, isoxaben, mancozeb,metalaxyl,metolachlor,myclobutanil,napropamide, oryzalin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen,PCNB,pendimethalin,piperalin,prodiamine, resmethrin, sethoxydim, simazine,sun spray ultra-fine oil,thiophanate methyl,triflumizole, & evaluated 3 biopesticides Ampelomyces quisqaulis,azadirachtin & Gliocladium virens.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications


      Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

      Outputs
      FOOD USES: Research was conducted on 275 projects. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA and the manufacturers resulted in pesticide actions representing 141 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDES: Benomyl/avocado, dandelion, papaya, turnip greens; Captan/blackberry, pigeon pea, raspberry; Copper Hydroxide/spinach, watermelon; Ferbam/caneberries. HERBICIEES: Diuron/blueberry; Glyphosate/cranberry, leafy vegetables, mango; Linuron/lupin; Metsulfuron Methyl/sugarcane. INSECTICIDES: Bifenthrin/hop; Chlorpyrifos/sugarcane; Cyromazine/Chinese cabbage, Chinese mustard; Imidacloprid/hop; Malathion/hop; Petroleum Oil/pistachio. CROP DEFINITIONS: Oriental radish (root & top) = Chinese radish, daikon, Japanese radish, lobok, winter radish. Sudangrass (seed crop) = sorghum grain. Sudangrass (forage & fodder) = sorghum forage & fodder. ORNAMENTALS - IR-4 data were used to support 128 ornamental use registraitons for benefin + oryzalin, bentazon, chlorothalonil, copper complex, copper hydroxide, metolachlor, metolachlor + simazine and pendimethalin. BIOPESTICIDES - Pseudomonas fluorescens to control bacterial blotch in cultivated mushrooms was exempted from the requirements of a tolerance and the use was registered. Funded research for Alternaria spp. in combination with Fusarium tricinctum for dodder control on cranberry & other crops; Codling Moth Granulosis Virus on apple, pear, plum & walnut; and Beauveria bassiana for fire ant control. Petitions were prepared for Flavobacterium balustinum and Trichoderma hamatum.

      Impacts
      (N/A)

      Publications


        Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

        Outputs
        FOOD USES - Research was conducted on 214 projects. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA and the manufacturers resulted in pesticide actions representing 66 clearances as follows: FUNGICIDES: Captan/caneberries; Metalaxyl/cranberry, ginseng; Pseudomonas fluorescens/mushroom; Triadimefon/raspberry. HERBICIDES: Clomazone/winter squash; Clopyralid/mint hay; Glyphosate/celeriac; Napropamide/sweet potato; Paraquat/cacao bean; Pendimethalin/garlic, dry onion; Trifluralin/crambe. INSECTICIDES: Diazinon/blueberry, Chinese radish, cranberry, mushroom; Dimethoate/Brussels sprout; Hexakis/fresh, dried & extract marigold. RODENTICIDES: Chlorophacinone/artichoke. CROP DEFINITION: Dry bulb onions = dry bulb shallots. ORNAMENTALS - IR-4 data were used to support 35 ornamental use registrations for azadirachtin & PCNB. BIORATIONALS: Pseudomonas fluorescens to control bacterial blotch in cultivated mushrooms was exempted (temporary) with the approval of an experimental use permit. Funded research for Alternaria spp. in combination with Fusarium tricinctum for dodder control on cranberry & other crops; Codling Moth Granulosis Virus on apple, pear, plum & walnut; and Beauveria bassiana for fire ant control. ANIMAL DRUGS - Lasalocid/chuckar partridge use was approved based on an IR-4 petition. Research on an additional 10 uses has been completed and the petitions are under FDA review.

        Impacts
        (N/A)

        Publications


          Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

          Outputs
          FOOD USES-Research was conducted on 322 projects. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA and the manufacturers resulted in pesticide actions representing 119 tolerances as follows: FUNGICIDES & NEMATICIDES:Chlorothalonil/edible gourds; Fosetyl Al/ginseng; mancozeb/edible gourds. HERBICIDES:Clomazone/sweet potato; 2,4-D/soybean; Fluazifop/endive, macadamia nut, rhubarb, sweet potato, tabasco pepper; Glyphosate/pomegranate; Napropamide/basil, rosemary, summer savory; Oryzalin/guava, papaya; Oxyflurofen/cocoa bean, garbanzo bean. INSECTICIDES:Fonofos/banana, plantain; Methidathion/sugar apple, custard apple, sweetsop; Permethrin/cantaloupe, eggplant, horseradish. CROP DEFINITIONS-Lettuce=head & leaf lettuce; Muskmelons=cantaloupe, persian melon, honeyballs; Summer Squash=edible gourds; Sugar Apple=atemoya, custard apple, sweetsop; Rapeseed for Oil=canola & crambe for oil. ORNAMENTALS-IR-4 data were used to support 116 ornamental use registrations for oryzalin, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, prodiamine, & sethoxydim. BIORATIONALS-Lagenidium giganteum to control mosquitos in rice, soybeans, & irrigated pastures and Gibberellic acid as a growth regulator in watercress production were exempted. Funded research for Beauveria bassiana for fire ant control and Alternaria in combination with Fusarium for dodder control. ANIMAL DRUGS-Morantel Tartrate/goat use was approved based on an IR-4 petition. Research on an additional 8 uses has been completed and the petitions are under FDA review.

          Impacts
          (N/A)

          Publications


            Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91

            Outputs
            FOOD USES - Research was conducted on 262 projects. IR-4 petitions submitted to EPA and the manufacturers resulted in pesticide actions representing 26 tolerances as follows: FUNGICIDES & NEMATICIDES: Calcium Hypochlorite/potato, sweet potato; Fenamiphos/Chinese cabbage (bok choy); Methyl Bromide + Chloropicrin/ginger; Thiabendazole/carrot, papaya; Vinclozolin/Belgian endive. HERBICIDES: Clomazone/pepper (bell), pepper (non-bell); Glyphosate/cherimoya, cocoa bean, genip; Norflurazone/asparagus, avocado; Pendimethalin/garlic, lupine; Sethoxydim/sweet potato. INSECTICIDES: Chlorpyrifos/caneberries (blackberry, loganberry, raspberry, youngberry); Methomyl/broccoli raab. RODENTICIDES: Zinc Phosphide/artichoke, sugar beet (root & top). ORNAMENTALS - IR-4 data were used to support 122 ornamental use registrations for diflubenzuron, isofenphos, metolachlor, petroleum oils, sethoxydim, & trifluralin. BIORATIONAL - Toxicology studies for Codling Moth Granulosis Virus have been completed as required by EPA. Funded research for Xanthamonas campestris has been completed. ANIMAL DRUGS - Fenbendazole/goat, Formalin/shrimp, & Ivermectin/fox uses were approved based on IR-4 petitions.

            Impacts
            (N/A)

            Publications


              Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

              Outputs
              FOOD USES - Research was conducted on 196 projects. EPA established 96 tolerances based on IR-4 HQ petitions as follows: FUNGICIDES & NEMATICIDES: Fenamiphos/eggplant, strawberry; Fosetyl Al/ginseng; Iprodione/nectarine, peach, plum, sweet cherry; Captan/blueberry, taro. HERBICIDES: DCPA/Brassica leafy vegetables group; Glyphosate/asparagus, beet, Brassica leafy vegetable group, bulb vegetable group, carrot, chicory, horseradish, longan, lychee, mamey sapote, parsnip, passion fruit, potato, radish, rutabaga, salsify, sapodilla, sugar beet, sweet potato, turnip, yam; Metolachlor/cabbage, Chinese cabbage (tight), cubanelle pepper; Prometryn/dill; Fluazifop/coffee; Sodium Chlorate/dry beans group, southern pea. INSECTICIDES: Cryolite/kiwifruit; Fluvalinate/coffee; Oxamyl/non-bell pepper. CROP DEFINITIONS: Calabaza = pumpkin or squash, Mayhaw = pome fruit group. ORNAMENTALS - IR-4 data were used to support 65 ornamental use registrations for isofenphos, methomyl, oxamyl, & pendimethalin. BIORATIONAL - Temporary exemption & experimental use permit were approved on the microbial codling moth granulosis virus for use in apple, pear, & walnut production. ANIMAL DRUGS - Research was completed on 7 projects. Fenbendazole/bighorn sheep; Ivermectin/goat; Levamisole/goat, & Salinomycin/quail uses were approved based on IR-4 petitions.

              Impacts
              (N/A)

              Publications


                Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

                Outputs
                FOOD USES-Research was conducted on 171 projects. EPA established 66 tolerances based on IR-4 HQ petitions as follows: FUNGICIDES + NEMATICIDES: Fenamiphos/kiwifruit, non-bell pepper; Metalaxyl/papaya; PCNB/collard, kale, mustard greens. HERBICIDES: Clomazone/pumpkin, succulent pea; Fluazifop/asparagus, endive, rhubarb, spinach; Glyphosate/atemoya, carambola, sugar apple; Oxyfluorfen/macadamia nut; Pendimethalin/garlic; Pronamide/winter pea; Sethoxydim/artichoke, lentil. INSECTICIDES + MITICIDES: Carbaryl/dill; Diazinon/Chinese radish; Diflubenzuron/range grass, walnut; Methidathion/citrus; Menthol/beeswax, honey; Methomyl/Brassica leafy vegetables, leek; Parathion/lentil; Permethrin/avocado, cucurbits, dry onion, garlic, papaya; Phosmet/crab apple. CROP DEFINITIONS: Blackberries = boysenberry, dewberry, etc.; Caneberries = blackberry, loganberry, black and red raspberries, youngberry; Green Onion = leek, etc.; Lentil = pea; Onion = dry bulb onion, garlic, green onion; Oregano = marjoram. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data were used to support 153 ornamental use registrations for acephate, chlormequat, diflubenzuron, fosetyl al, metalaxyl, metolachlor, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, PCNB, pronamide, sethoxydim, simazine & trifluralin. BIORATIONALS: Temporary exemption & experimental use permit were approved on the biochemical grape berry moth pheromone for use in grape production. ANIMAL DRUGS: Research was conducted on 15 projects.

                Impacts
                (N/A)

                Publications


                  Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

                  Outputs
                  FOOD USES - Research was conducted on 229 projects. EPA established 96 tolerances based on IR-4 petitions as follows: FUNGICIDES: Benomyl/pistachio, watercress; Fosetyl AL/asparagus; Iprodione/carrot, ginseng; Oxytetracycline/ Oriental pear, pear. HERBICIDES: Fluazifop/sweet potato, tabasco pepper, yam; Metolachlor/tabasco pepper; Metribuzin/carrot; Oxyfluorfen/broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese broccoli, Chinese cabbage (tight), guava; Paraquat/cassava, pigeon pea, tanier, tyfon, yam; Sethoxydim/flaxseed, straw & meal. INSECTICIDES & MITICIDES: Chlorpyrifos/blueberry, date, leek; Fenvalerate/blueberry, broccoli raab, caneberries, currant, elderberry, gooseberry, hanover salad, huckleberry, okra, turnip; Magnesium Phosphide/sweet potato, yam; Malathion/Brassica leafy vegetables, chayote, non-Brassica leafy vegetables; Permethrin/broccoli raab, collard, hanover salad, turnip; Phosmet/pistachio. CROP DEFINITION: Nectarine = peach. ORNAMENTALS: IR-4 data were used to support 327 ornamental use registrations for abamectin, dimethoate, etridiazole, fosetyl al, glyphosate, iprodione, mancozeb, metolachlor, & oxyfluorfen + oryzalin. BIORATIONALS: Temporary exemption and experimental use permit were approved on the Codling Moth Granulosis Virus for use in apple, pear, plum & walnut orchards. ANIMAL DRUGS: Research was conducted on 12 projects. Drugs approved based on IR-4 petitions: Decoquinate/goat; Monensin/quail.

                  Impacts
                  (N/A)

                  Publications


                    Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

                    Outputs
                    FOOD USE: Research was conducted on 211 projects. 59 tolerances or exemptions were established by EPA based on IR-4 petitions as follows: Fungicide & Nematicide Triadimefon/raspberry - Triforine/asparagus. Herbicide & Plant Growth Regulator Edothall/hop - Glyphosate/cucurbits, small fruits, acerola, fig, kiwifruit, olive - Norflurazon/asparagus, avocado - Pronamide/rhubarb. Insecticide & Miticide Carbaryl/pome fruits, avocado - Hexakis/cucumber, raspberry - Permethrin/cantaloupe, pumpkin. Animal Repellent Egg solid/almond. Crop Definition Endive=escarole - Pea=Pisum, Cicer, pigeon pea - Lupine=bean - Oriental pear=pear. Ornamental Pesticides cleared on ornamentals: Napropamide/field and container grown shrubs and herbaceous plants - Fluazifop butyl/field and container grown shrubs, shade trees and flowers - Fenvalerate/greenhouse and field grown ornamentals - Diazinon (encapsulated)/greenhouse grown ornamentals - Vinclozolin/greenhouse and field grown ornamentals. Biorational Temporary exemption and experimental use permit were continued on the Codling Moth Granulosis Virus for use in pear orchards. Animal Drug Research was conducted on 18 projects. Drugs approved based on IR-4 petitions: Sulfadimethoxine + Ormetoprin/catfish - Oxytetracycline/lobster - Monensin/goat.

                    Impacts
                    (N/A)

                    Publications


                      Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85

                      Outputs
                      FOOD USE Research was conducted on 208 projects. 41 tolerances or exemptions were established by EPA based on IR-4 petitions as follows: FUNGICIDE & NEMATICIDE Chlorothalonil/cranberry-Fenamiphos/garlic-Sodium Chlorite/Brassica leafy vegetables and radish. HERBICIDE & PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR - Glyphosate/fruiting vegetables - Metolachlor/chili pepper-Napropamide/pomegranate-Potassium ricinoleate/catfish. INSECTICIDE - Carbofuran/artichoke - Chlorpyrifos/Brassica leafy vegetables - Fenvalerate/collard, radish top & root - Permethrin/watercress. ORNAMENTAL Pesticides cleared on ornamentals: Mancozeb on a wide variety of shrubs, shade trees, conifers, flowers and foliage plants; Bifenox in forest tree nursery seedbeds; Chlorpyrifos on a wide variety of greenhouse plants; Bendiocarb and Carbofuran for control of black vine weevil on container grown nursery stock. BIORATIONAL Temporary exemption and experimental use permit were established on the Codling Moth Granulosis Virus for use in apple, pear and walnut orchards. ANIMAL DRUG Research was conducted on 35 projects. Oxytetracycline was approved for use in lobster production based on an IR-4 petition.

                      Impacts
                      (N/A)

                      Publications


                        Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84

                        Outputs
                        FOOD USE Research was conducted on 209 projects. Regulations for 120 toleranceswere established by EPA based on IR-4 petitions as follows: FUNGICIDE & NEMATICIDE-Benomyl/Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, dandelion, turnip green - Fenamiphos/asparagus, raspberry HERBICIDE P PLAN GROWTH REGULATOR-Bromoxynil/mint-DCPA/radish root & top - Dinoseb/pasture grass & hay - Ethephon/pumpkin - Norflurazon/blackberry, blueberry, raspberry - Paraquat/acerola INSECTICIDE-Acephate/macadamia nut - Chlorpyrifos/asparagus, mushroom - Diazinon/Brassica leafy vegetables - Diflubenzuron/pasturegrass - Dimethoate/lentil - Fenbutation-oxide/eggplant - Methyl parathion/Brassica leafy vegetables - Mevinphos/watercress - Oxamyl/pumpkin - Oxydemetonmethyl/apricot - Permethrin/asparagus, bell pepper, eggplant, rangegrass CROP GROUPING-define caneberry by listing species & their varieties; include pumpkin in the squash group; define tangerine as mandarin or mandarin orange, tangelo, tangor and other hybrids of tangerine with other citrus; include Chinese broccoli within the definition of broccoli; include Chinses cabbage (tightheaded) within the definition of cabbage; include Florence fennel withinthe definition of celery, & include triticale within the definition of wheat.

                        Impacts
                        (N/A)

                        Publications


                          Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83

                          Outputs
                          FoodUse Research was conducted on 220 projects. 99 tolerances were establishedby EPA based on IR-4 Petitions as follows: FUNGICIDES AND NEMATICIDES Benomyl/currant, papaya - Dodine/spinach - Ethoprop/okra - Fenamiphos/okra - Oxamyl/mint - Terrazole/tomato. HERBICIDES, DESSICANTS AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS Ametryn/cassava root, tanier, yam - 2,4-DB/mint - Dicamba/proso millet - Dinoseb/lentil - Ethephon/macadamia nut - Maleic hydrazide/cranberry - NAA/sweet cherry - Napropamide/rhubarb, rosemary, marjoram, summer savory, winter savory - Paraquat/asparagus, broccoli, onion, kiwifruit, mint, pistachio, strawberry, vegetables preplant (including lima bean, snap bean, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard, cucurbits, eggplant, succulent pea, turnip) - Sodium chlorate/flax. INSECTICIDES Acephate/cranberry - Carbaryl/prickly pear - Chlorpyrifos/cranberry, fig - Diazinon/Chinese cabbage - Diflubenzuron/mushroom - Disulfoton/asparagus - Endosulfan/raspberry - Fenvalerate/artichoke, eggplant, pepper - Magnesium phosphide/avocado, banana, Chinese cabbange, citrus citron, eggplant, endive, grapefruit, kumquat, lemon, lettuce, lime, mango, mushroom, orange, papaya, pepper, persimmon, pimento, plantain, salsify top, tangelo, tangerine, tomato - Methamidophos/celery - Methyl bromide/blueberries, strawberry - Permethrin/horseradish, pear. RODENTICIDES Aluminum phosphide/all crops - Magnesium phosphide/all crops.

                          Impacts
                          (N/A)

                          Publications


                            Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82

                            Outputs
                            FOOD USES sponsored 195 research projects. 83 IR-4 tolerances were established by EPA and FDA: BIOLOGIC Bacillus popilliae/pasture and rangeland Methyl eugenol/all raw agricultural commodities FUNGICIDE + NEMATICIDE Benomyl/avocado Chlorothalonil/dry bean, mint Methyl bromide/asparagus lettuce, dry onion Nitrapyrin/strawberry Thiabendazole/papaya HERBICIDE and PGR Atrazine/guava, orchardgrass Bromoxynil/annual canarygrass, dry onion 2,4-D/apricot, millet Hexazinone/blueberry MCPA/alfalfa, clover, lespedeza, trefoil, annual canarygrass NAA/orange and tangerine Napropamide/basil Oryzalin/succulent pea, sweet potato Phenmedipham/spinach Picloram/ flax Propachlor/flax, pumpkins Sodium chlorate/guar Sulfuric acid/potato Triallate/annual canarygrass /trifluralin/rape INSECTICIDE Carbaryl/flax, millet, trefoil Carbofuran/cranberry Chlorpyrifos/cherry, grape, onion, strawberry Diazinon/wheat Dichlorvos/fig and dried fig Dicrotophos/pecan Dimethoate/cherry Ethoprop/mushroom Fenvalerate/filbert Malathion/sunflower seed Methomyl/green onion, pear Methyl parathion/guar, lentil, parsley, trefoil Oxamyl/eggplant Propargite/sweet corn Trichlorfon/blueberry. FOOD ADDITIVE Sodium ligninsulfonate/pear.

                            Impacts
                            (N/A)

                            Publications


                              Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

                              Outputs
                              There were 167 food-use research projects in 1981 covering 71 pesticides and 77 commodities. The following IR-4 tolerances or exemptions were established by EPA: INSECTICIDES Acephate - mint; Azinphosmethyl - trefoil & hay ; Methidathion - mango; chlorpyrifos - mint hay & oil, Chinese cabbage, turnip green & root; Modified Atmospheres, CO(2), N(2), Combustion product gas - all raw & processed agricultural products; Hexakis - papaya; Pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide - sweet potato. HERRBICIDES Terbacil - asparagus; Diphenamid - raspberry; 2,4-D - citrus; Glyphosate - cranberry, guava, papaya, mango; Ethephon - cucumber; Chloramben - pigeon pea & forage; Bentazon - Bohemian chili pepper; CDEC - radish, upland cress; Paraquat - rhubarb; Isophorone - spinach. FUNGICIDES Calcium hypochlorite - potato; Chlorothalonil - parsnip; Benomyl - broccoli, Brussel sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collard, eggplant, kale, kohlrabi, mustard green, pepper, rutabaga, turnip (root & top), sweet corn, fodder & forage, spinach, sweet potato.

                              Impacts
                              (N/A)

                              Publications


                                Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

                                Outputs
                                Beginning 1980 there were 1533 pesticide clearance requests for food uses. By the end of the year an additional 235 had been added giving a total of 1768 requests. IR-4 prepared 68 pesticide tolerance petitions or major amendments of which 60 were submitted to EPA; the remaining 8 are under review by the manufacturers (potential label registrants). Sixteen plus 3 all raw agricultural commodity tolerances or exemptions were established by EPA based on 15 IR-4 petition submissions: (A) Insecticides and Miticides: Azinphosmethyl-moss parsley and turnip rooted parsley; bacillus thuringiensis Berliner-honey and beeswax; Carbaryl-sunflower; carbon dioxide-all raw agricultural commodities (RAC); Chlorpyrifos-nectarines; combustion product gas-all RAC; Malathion-flaxseed and straw; Methoxychlor-horseradish; Nitrogen-all RAC; Trichlorofon-trefoil hay and chaff. (B) Herbicides and Growth Regulators: Bromoxynil-garlic; ethephon-guava; Prometryne-pigeon peas; Trifluralin-upland cress. (C) Fungicides: Thiabendazole-carrots. In response to three IR-4 petitions; Chlorpyrifos residue analyses were reduced for the IR-4 laboratories; fewer samples are now required for parsnip and rutabaga; upland cress is now included in the EPA crop grouping, leafy vegetables. During 1980, 1342 ornamental projects were funded through IR-4. EPA granted 228 new ornamental uses based on IR-4 data, bvringing the total number of new label registrations on ornametnals to 969.

                                Impacts
                                (N/A)

                                Publications


                                  Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

                                  Outputs
                                  IR-4 prepared 48 pesticide tolerance petitions or major amendments of which 42 were submitted to EPA in 1979; the remaining 6 are still under review by the manufacturers (potential label registrants). Twenty tolerances were established by EPA based on 16 IR-4 petition submissions: (A) INSECTICIDES AND MITICIDES: aldicarb - pecans; azinphosmethyl - pistachios; carbaryl - lentils; carbaryl - pistachios; chlorpyrifos - broccoli, Brussel sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower; chlorpyrifos - radishes and rutabagas; Diazinon (Registered Trademark) - mushrooms; Diazinon (Registered Trademark) - rutabagas; malathion - almond shells; methomyl - avocados; methomyl - Chinese cabbage; methomyl - lentils; and mevinphos - birdsfoot trefoil. (B) HERBICIDES: Atrazine - proso millet (grain, fodder, forage and straw); linuron - asparagus; and terbacil - caneberries (blackberries, boysenberries, dewberries, loganberries, raspberries and youngberries). One thousand twenty-seven ornamental projects were funded through the IR-4 program. Data from research reported to date has made it possible for IR-4 to assemble registration packages for 1610 ornamental crops involving 14 herbicides, 14 insecticides and 12 fungicides. Over 1300 additional priority ornamental needs will be researched and registered as available funding and manpower permits.

                                  Impacts
                                  (N/A)

                                  Publications


                                    Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

                                    Outputs
                                    Food Uses: 32 IR-4 petitions and 4 major amendments were submitted to EPA in 1978. Twenty-two tolerances were established by EPA based on IR-4 submissions. Tolerances and exemptions obtained during 1978 included the following (a) Insecticides and Miticides: azinphosmethyl-gooseberries; carabaryl-sweet potatoes; carbaryl-chestnuts; carvaryl-maple syrup; carbaryl-celery; Diazinon (registered trademark)-kiwifruit; Diazinon (registered trademark)-birdsfoot trefoil; malathion-wild rice; malathion-birdsfoot trefoil; methidathion-safflower; methomyl-Bermuda grass; methomyl-leafy vegetables (beet tops, collards, dandelions, kale, mustard greens, parsley, Swiss chard, turnip greens and watercress); (b) Herbicides and Desiccants: bentzon-mint hay which includes the oil; bentzon-spent mint hay; DCPA-upland cress; sodium chlorate-field corn; sodium chlorate-safflower seed; terbacil-strawberries; terbacil-sunflower; (C) Fungicides: DCNA-endive(escarole); oxytetracycline-peaches (injection); oxytetracycline-peaches (spray). Ornamental Uses: The Minor Use Ornamentals program has been most successful in the short time it has been in existence.

                                    Impacts
                                    (N/A)

                                    Publications


                                      Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

                                      Outputs
                                      1977 results include submission of 39 new petitions of EPA making a total of 101minor use pesticide petitions under review by EPA; 43 were rejected for requirements nonexistent before 1972 FIFRA amendment, mainly second animal oncogenic studies and acceptable daily intake requirements. At the end of 1977, 35 petitions were under EPA review over 90 days. IR-4 obtained 4 pesticide tolerance proposals and 3 tolerances were established during 1977. 20 petitions amended by IR-4 currently under review by EPA after initial rejection. Not included are label registrations cooperatively obtained by IR-4 and industry; temporary tolerance petitions; experimental use permits; section 18 exemptions, state pesticide labels under 24(c) regulations submitted by industry, state or grower groups with participation of IR-4. All are preliminary to final tolerances and registered labels. Over 1000 food use requests are on file with 142 active research projects initiated in 1977 in 45 states. IR-4 Minor Uses Ornamentals Program was emphasized through MUA Program, which elicited ca. 6000 new needs. IR-4 Project through funding by cooperating Leader Laboratory and ARS Programs sponsored ca. 1200 ornamental research projects which will result in added ornamental registrations in 1978 and future years. IR-4 provided data to refute RPAR's from files developed by IR-4 in pesticide tolerance work over past 14 years.

                                      Impacts
                                      (N/A)

                                      Publications


                                        Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

                                        Outputs
                                        11 Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner petitions to EPA 1976. All were acted upon favorable resulting in EPA registered labels for many new crops. Finally EPA exempted B.t. all growing crops from requirement of a tolerance and will register labels for any lepidopterous larvae for which performance data acceptable to EPA is supplied with label registration application. 1976, 51 IR-4 petition submissions plus 13 submissions through the states for a total of 64. 25 were acted upon favorably by EPA, 14 rejected by EPA for additional information on residue methology and animal toxicology, 50 under continuing EPA review and 10 nearing completion for submission. Tolerances and exemption obtained during 1976 included MCPA-beans (dry) and sorghum; 2,4-D-citrus fruits;sodium chlorate-rice; benomyl-cole crops (seed treatment for stock seed); benomyl-fig (seed crop); DNBP-blueberry; sodium hypochlorite-potato seed piece; cyhexatin-macadamia nuts; methomyl-anise (fennel); methomyl-cucumber (greenhouse); captafol-blueberries; sodium chlorate-sunflower seed; benomyl-pumpkins; captan-blueberries aerial application NJ; Dacthal (DCPA)-horseradish (IL); terbacil-blueberries (CT,NJ,NC,WV,PA); dimethoate-soybeans; oxamyl-celery. 1976 pesticide tolerances and exemptions obtained include 4 herbicides, 27 insecticides, 6 fungicides and 3 growth regulators. 23 of the insecticide petitions involved B.thuringiensis Berliner. 24 label

                                        Impacts
                                        (N/A)

                                        Publications


                                          Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

                                          Outputs
                                          In 1975 pesticide tolerances, exemptions from tolerances, proposed tolerances, non-food regulations and/or EPA-PRD registered labels reached record numbers with cooperation between State Agricultural Experiment Stations and industry. Carbophenothion-blueberries; chlorothalonil-green, dry-bulb onions, passion fruit; 2,4-D-asparagus and strawberries; benomyl-blueberries, papaya, avacodo, figs (seed crop); acetaldehyde-apples; sulfur-sugar beets; paraquat-Guar beans; dinocap-caneberries, gooseberries; cyanazine-corn; thiabendezole-potatoes; zinc phosphide-grapes; Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, carbaryl, mevinphos, ethyl & methyl parathion, naled-rapini; B. thuringiensis-sugar maples, almonds, pecans, bushberries, leafy vegetables, lentil, okra, mint, squash, pepper, peach, plum, beet, carrot, radish; B. popilliae Dutky-pastures; oxytetracycline-peaches; dimethoate-strawberry; paraquat-hop; acephate-collard, celery; methiadathion-artichokes, pines; dimethoate-soybeans; naled -mushrooms; methomyl-anise, fennel; 2,4-D-citrus; MCPA-sorghum; carbaryl-sugar maple; Plictran-macadamia nuts; ametryn-beans. Petitions in development stage. Ethylene dibromide + chloropicrin control verticillium wilt-mint; methyl parathion control Clear Lake gnat; methyl bromide fumigation in-hull almonds navel orangeworm; N-serve (fungicide) inhibit formation nitrates in soil treatedaqua ammonia, anhydr. ammonia, ammon. sulfate-strawberries; sodium chlorate desiccate bean foliage, sunflower foliage and weeds; dimethoate

                                          Impacts
                                          (N/A)

                                          Publications


                                            Progress 01/01/74 to 12/30/74

                                            Outputs
                                            Objectives of the project were advanced by establishing pesticide tolerances, temporary tolerances, and/or label resigtrations through cooperation with Agricultural Experiment Station laboratories, general research laboratories, andindustry. Clearances obtained this year are: monociotophos - peanuts; BHC and lindane - pecans; carboxin - oats; captafol-taro; carbaryl- pecans; 4-CPA - tomatoes; 2,4-D amine - asparagus; DCPA acid-strawberries; rutabagas; DNOC - apples; endosulfan - mustard seed, rape seed; gibberellic acid, strawberries kerb- blueberries; nitrofen - taro; paraquat - quar; phosalone - carrots; plictran- hops; sodium chlorate - surghum; TBZ - potatoes; dimathoate - celery; ethephon - blackberries, blueberries, peppers, grapes, lemons, tangerines; methidathion - sunflower seed; dasanit - rutabagas; malathion - rangeland grasses; phosalone - grapes. Approximately 25 additional petitions have been submitted to EPA and are under review. Through cooperation with regional IR-4 committees, priority lists of needed clearances have been developed. Data to resolve priority clearances are being obtained. Progress has been made with SIRSIP (Selective Information Retrieval System in Pesticides). When fully operational, this system will facilitate data recovery and improve disseminationof formation. A model scheme has been developed for grouping ornamental crops for purposes of registering pesticide uses an is under review by researchers.

                                            Impacts
                                            (N/A)

                                            Publications


                                              Progress 01/01/73 to 12/30/73

                                              Outputs
                                              During safe pesticide research made useful to the growers to increase food production with variety and wholesomeness for the consuming public. With data developed by Agricultural Experiment Stations and Federal laboratories the following pesticide tolerances were established and/or labels registered: INSECTICIDES - Azodrin for two spotted spider mite on peanuts in cooperation with industry: Bacillus Thuringiensis for looper on spinach on national basis; Carbaryl for pecan weevil on pecans; Dasanit Spray Con. for nematodes, lesser cornstalk borer and thrips on dryland peanuts; Diazinon for guar midge on guar with industrial assistance; Endosulfan and parathion for aphids on rape and mustard seed; Imidan a substitute for DDT for sweet potato weevil on stored sweet potatoes; Methomyl for cutworms and loopers on mint to replace DDT; cabbage looper and beet armyworm on spinach; leafhoppers, cabbage loopers and mexican bean bettles on lima beans; Phosalone for plume moth on artichokes; Plictran for two spotted spider mite on hops. HERBICIDES and GROWTH REGULATORS-Dacthal for weeds in horseradish and rutabaga; Dalapon for weeds in birdsfoot trefoil; Diphenamid and trifluralin for weeds in forest nurseries in the Southeast; Diuron for weeds in peach orchards, data being developed to shorten preharvest interval; Gibberellic acid for increase berry set on blueberries, data on environmental impact developed; Nitrofen for weeds in irrigation water on taro; Petroleum solvents for weeds in tropical fruit orchards; Sodium chlorate as a desiccant on sorghum seed crop with feed use permitted for waste; Sodium chlorate as a defoliant on chili pepper. Silvex as a blossom regulator for pears. FUNGICIDES-Captan for pythium on taro;

                                              Impacts
                                              (N/A)

                                              Publications


                                                Progress 01/01/72 to 12/30/72

                                                Outputs
                                                During 1972 pesticide tolerances were established for plant growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetamide and its metabolite 1-naphthalene acetic acid on apples, pears; herbicide sodium trichloroacetate on sugar beet roots, sugarcane; herbicide linuron 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1- methylurea on celery; fungicide thiabendazole on hubbard squash; insecticides pyrethrins and piperonylbutoxide on meat, fat, meat byproducts, eggs of poultry; growth regulator gibberellic acid on blueberries; herbicide diuron 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)1, 1-dimethylurea on papayas; fungicides maneb, manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate and zineb, zinc ethylene bisdithiocarbamate on fruits, vegetables; fungicide benomyl, methyl 1(butylcarbamolyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate on mushrooms, disease control. Interim tolerances established for fungicide streptomycin on celery, peppers, tomatoes during plant bed growth period, and potatoes for seed piece treatment; fungicide sodium arsenite on grapes control of deadarm and black measles; fungicide copper arsenate on pears control of fire blight in Pacific Northwest; fungicide zineb on potatoes seed piece treatment; growth regulator p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on tomatoes to increase fruit set; growth regulator 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on olives for fruit thinning; herbicide 2,4-D on blueberries weed control and on potatoes to improve red color and skin texture.

                                                Impacts
                                                (N/A)

                                                Publications


                                                  Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71

                                                  Outputs
                                                  Pesticide tolerances have been established for pyrethrins 0.05 ppm and piperonylbutoxide 0.25 ppm in or on stored white potatoes potato chips for control of Drosophila sp.; for dichlorvos (DDVP) 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate 05 ppm greenhouse grown cucumbers, radishes, tomatoes and 1.0 ppm lettuce for control of aphids, spider mites, mealybugs, whiteflies, omnivorous leaf roller, vegetable leaf miner and thrips; hydrogen cyanide (HCN) 50 ppm fumigation harvested citrus fruits, control scale insects, mealybugs, whitflies. 1971 new pesticide tolerance petition filed for tolerance thiabendazole, 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole in or on hubbard squash for control storage rot, Fusarium roseum; for sodium dehydroacetate, snap bean postharvest to inhibit Aspergillus sp., Pnicilium sp., Botrytus sp., Rhizopus nigricans growth on urea, papayas for control annual weeds; for gibberellic acid, blueberries regulate fruit set; for linuron, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methyl-urea, celery weed control; and for captan taro control Pythium sp. Pesticide petition filed Dec. 1970 for tolerance 0.03 ppm dichlone, 2,3-dichloro-1, 4-naphthoquinone, mint hay and foodadditive tolerance 30 ppm in mint oil has been dropped - inability to meet animal toxicology requirements.

                                                  Impacts
                                                  (N/A)

                                                  Publications


                                                    Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70

                                                    Outputs
                                                    During 1970 pesticide tolerances were established for malathion aphid control hops; dichlorvos (DDVP) control aphids, spider mites, mealybugs, whiteflies, omnivorous leaf miner, vegetable leaf miner, thrips and calcium cyanide control whiteflies greenhouse vegetables, cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, tomatoes; commercial sulfuric acid control broadleaf weeds in onion, garlic fields.

                                                    Impacts
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                                                      Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69

                                                      Outputs
                                                      A tolerance and registered labels were obtained to cover the use of methyl parathion on sunflowers to control the head moth. Petitions have been submittedfor tolerances covering the use of malathion on hops; dichlorvos and calcium cyanide on cucumbers, lettuce, tomatoes, and radishes grown in greenhouses; commercial sulfuric acid for control of weeds on onion and garlic. Label extension problems include detailed data procurement for the clearance of the milky disease bacteria, Bacillus sp. for Japanese beetle control in pastures; calcium cyanamid for the control of mummy disease on blueberries in New Jersey; (4-CPA) to improve fruit set on tomatoes; smear EQ 335 for control of screw-wormin livestock; sodium trichloroacetate as a herbicide in sugar beet and sugarcaneplantings; sodium arsenite for the control of black measles, and dead arm on grapes in California; DNOC as a thinning agent for apples. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on olives; pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide on stored potatoes, on chickens, and for the control of blow flies on fish and meat; dichlone on mint; 4-(2,4DB) on canning peas and other legumes; 4-MCPB on canning peas; and copper arsenate on pears.

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                                                        Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68

                                                        Outputs
                                                        1968 will go down in history as the year of significant changes and restrictionsin the development and use of pesticides. For the first time state experiment station personnel, farmers, and industry became acutely aware of the affects of the 1966 regulations proposing the cancellation of all "No Residue" and "Zero Tolerance" pesticide label registrations. IR-4 obtained label extensions for 1968 covering 47 pesticides for use on 154 crops, obtained "non-food" use rulings permitting the specific unrestricted uses of 5 pesticides on 27 crops. IR-4 activities encompassed preparations for further label extensions for 1969 and additional label clearances for minor crops through tolerance extensions andlabel registrations. IR-4 has accomplished even more through cooperative work with industry to obtain tolerances and label registrations. The 1968 reductionsin DDT tolerances from essentially across-the-board tolerances of 7 ppm for the majority of crops has resulted in significant changes in the use of this established pesticide. The proposed further reduction at the end of 1968 of allDDT tolerances to 1 ppm unless a higher tolerance can be justified has increasedthe load IR-4 is carrying. The minor use of DDT on peppers, post-harvest use onsweet potatoes and the use of DDT on leafy vegetables are areas where IR-4 is attempting to justify tolerances higher than 1 ppm.

                                                        Impacts
                                                        (N/A)

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