Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The mission of the Northeast Research Station is to provide sites and logistic support for short term and long-term research. The Northeast Research Station is located on a coteau with an elevation of 572 meters above sea level. The latitude is 45.1 degrees and longitude is 97.6 degrees. The total area of the station is 35 hectares including the building site and grass ways. There are 30 tillable hectares comprised of 22 research blocks. The blocks vary in size from .21 to 1.73 hectares. The blocks are uniformly cropped and are in a minimum of a three year crop rotation except for perennial crops. The soil is composed of 97.5 percent Kranzburg-Brookings and 2.5 percent Mckranz-Badger silty clay loam soil types with a 0-2 percent slope. The average rainfall is 55.3 cm per year and this area has an average of 2193 Growing Degree Days. Soil sampling, fertilizer applications, land preparation, crop rotation schemes, planting, and harvesting fill are provided by the station. The farm manager is responsible for all aspects of the research station maintenance, functions (excluding project research), and preliminary crop scouting. The principle investigators or technicians, after being consulted, approve all pesticide applications on research their specific research projects. The Northeast Research Station directors, county extension educators, scientific advisory committee, industry, commodity organizations, and farmers provide input to project leaders and administrators for the nature and direction of research conducted at this site. The Northeast Research Station is a regional representative site for conducting cultural research, breeding, and testing diverse crops that may be adapted for this areas environment. In a continental climate, regional environments are similar from year to year; however, environments always deviate from the mean on yearly basis, occasionally to the extreme. It is these environmental variations that are useful when assessing genetic by environmental interactions for that region. The majority of the research conducted at the Northeast Research Station in not exclusive to this location. This site is routinely one of multiple environments tested. Multiple environments are essential for more precise evaluation of G by E interactions. Thirteen research projects from SDSU have conducted research at the Northeast Research Station. The projects that conducted research included: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Soybean Breeding, Forage and BioMass Breeding, Oat Breeding, Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Soil Fertility, Extension Forage, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, Entomology, and Extension Pathology. Other research includes several graduate theses and the spring wheat quality SWQAC/OVA trials. The information is disseminated by data being published in an annual research report, extension publications, agronomy journals, regional research reports, and graduate student theses. The Northeast Research Station summer tour is an annual event with presentations by project leaders, extension personnel, and invited guests. PARTICIPANTS: PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall is the Northeast Research Station supervisor and Oat Project Leader. Al Heuer is the manager in charge of all the operations on the station. Lucinda Olson is the secretary in charge of communications and publications. Dr. Doug Malo is the acting Plant Science Department Head. Dr. Ron Gelderman (Soils and Plant Analysis, Dr. Vance Owens (Extension Forage Project), Paul Johnson (Extension Educator), and Lon Hall are members of Scientific Research Committee. TARGET AUDIENCES: Research conducted at the Northeast Research Station targeted for scientists, producers, and retailers; however, it is ultimately the consumer who benefits from a less expensive quality end product. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The economic impact from research at the Northeast Research Station (NRS) is immeasurable; however, it would surely be in the millions of dollars. The benefactors are not limited to South Dakota; the surrounding states also benefit economically and environmentally. SDSU breeding programs not only test their experimental lines at several locations in order to evaluate yield stability, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and grain quality traits, they also test experimental lines from out of state breeding programs in regional nurseries as well. The locations may not be optimum environments for a given maturity; however, within a maturity, comparisons may be made on a relative basis. Cultural research also benefit from multiple locations when investigating environmental interactions. Research conducted at NRS is shared with producers and scientist via field tours, personal communication, extension service, publications, journal articles and theses.
Publications
- Hall, L., et.al. 2012. Annual Progress Report, Northeast Research Station. South Dakota State University Plant Science Department Pamphlet No. 43/Website (http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/northeastfarm/) January 2012.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The mission of the Northeast Research Station is to provide sites and logistic support for short term and long-term research. The Northeast Research Station is located on a coteau with an elevation of 572 meters above sea level. The latitude is 45.1 degrees and longitude is 97.6 degrees. The total area of the station is 35 hectares including the building site and grass ways. There are 30 tillable hectares comprised of 22 research blocks. The blocks vary in size from .21 to 1.73 hectares. The blocks are uniformly cropped and are in a minimum of a three year crop rotation except for perennial crops. The soil is composed of 97.5 percent Kranzburg-Brookings and 2.5 percent Mckranz-Badger silty clay loam soil types with a 0-2 percent slope. The average rainfall is 55.3 cm per year and this area has an average of 2193 Growing Degree Days. Soil sampling, fertilizer applications, land preparation, crop rotation schemes, planting, and harvesting fill are provided by the station. The farm manager is responsible for all aspects of the research station maintenance, functions (excluding project research), and preliminary crop scouting. The principle investigators or technicians, after being consulted, approve all pesticide applications on research their specific research projects. The Northeast Research Station directors, county extension educators, scientific advisory committee, industry, commodity organizations, and farmers provide input to project leaders and administrators for the nature and direction of research conducted at this site. The Northeast Research Station is a regional representative site for conducting cultural research, breeding, and testing diverse crops that may be adapted for this areas environment. In a continental climate, regional environments are similar from year to year; however, environments always deviate from the mean on yearly basis, occasionally to the extreme. It is these environmental variations that are useful when assessing genetic by environmental interactions for that region. The majority of the research conducted at the Northeast Research Station in not exclusive to this location. This site is routinely one of multiple environments tested. Multiple environments are essential for more precise evaluation of G by E interactions. Thirteen research projects from SDSU have conducted research at the Northeast Research Station. The projects that conducted research included: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Soybean Breeding, Forage and BioMass Breeding, Oat Breeding, Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Soil Fertility, Extension Forage, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, Entomology, and Extension Pathology. Other research includes several graduate theses and the spring wheat quality SWQAC/OVA trials. The information is disseminated by data being published in an annual research report, extension publications, agronomy journals, regional research reports, and graduate student theses. The Northeast Research Station summer tour is an annual event with presentations by project leaders, extension personnel, and invited guests. PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall is the Northeast Research Station supervisor and Oat Project Leader. Al Heuer is the manager in charge of all the operations on the station. Lucinda Olson is the secretary in charge of communications and publications. Dr. Thomas Cheesbrough is the Plant Science Department Head. Dr. Ron Gelderman (Soils and Plant Analysis, Dr. Vance Owens (Extension Forage Project), Paul Johnson (Extension Educator), and Lon Hall are members of Scientific Research Committee. TARGET AUDIENCES: Research conducted at the Northeast Research Station targeted for scientists, producers, and retailers; however, it is ultimately the consumer who benefits from a less expensive quality end product. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The economic impact from research at the Northeast Research Station (NRS) is immeasurable; however, it would surely be in the millions of dollars. The benefactors are not limited to South Dakota; the surrounding states also benefit economically and environmentally. SDSU breeding programs not only test their experimental lines at several locations in order to evaluate yield stability, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and grain quality traits, they also test experimental lines from out of state breeding programs in regional nurseries as well. The locations may not be optimum environments for a given maturity; however, within a maturity, comparisons may be made on a relative basis. Cultural research also benefit from multiple locations when investigating environmental interactions. Research conducted at NRS is shared with producers and scientist via field tours, personal communication, extension service, publications, journal articles and theses.
Publications
- Hall, L., et.al. 2011. Annual Progress Report, Northeast Research Station. South Dakota State University Plant Science Department Pamphlet No. 43/Website (http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/northeastfarm/) January 2011.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The mission of the Northeast Research Station is to provide sites and logistic support for short term and long-term research. The Northeast Research Station is located on a coteau with an elevation of 572 meters above sea level. The latitude is 45.1 degrees and longitude is 97.6 degrees. The total area of the station is 35 hectares including the building site and grass ways. There are 30 tillable hectares comprised of 22 research blocks. The blocks vary in size from .21 to 1.73 hectares. The blocks are uniformly cropped and are in a minimum of a three year crop rotation.The soil is composed of 97.5 percent Kranzburg-Brookings and 2.5 percent Mckranz-Badger silty clay loam soil types with a 0-2 percent slope. The average rainfall is 55.3 cm per year and this area has an average of 2193 Growing Degree Days. Soil sampling, fertilizer applications, land preparation, crop rotation schemes, planting, and harvesting fill are provided by the station. The farm manager is responsible for all aspects of the research station maintenance, functions (excluding project research), and preliminary crop scouting. The principle investigators, after being consulted, approve all pesticide applications on research experiments. The Northeast Research Station directors, county extension educators, scientific advisory committee, industry, commodity organizations, and farmers provide input to project leaders and administrators for the nature and direction of research conducted at this site. The Northeast Research Station is a regional representative site for conducting cultural research, breeding, and testing diverse crops that may be adapted for this areas environment. Several factors determined the general area for a research station; photoperiods, growing degree units, precipitation, diseases, and insects. In a continental climate, regional environments are similar from year to year; however, environments always deviate from the mean on yearly basis, occasionally to the extreme. It is these environmental variations that are useful when assessing genetic by environmental interactions for that region. The majority of the research conducted at the Northeast Research Station in not exclusive to this location. This site is routinely one of multiple environments tested. Multiple environments are essential for more precise evaluation of G by E interactions. Twelve research projects from SDSU have conducted research at the Northeast Research Station. The projects that conducted research included: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Soybean Breeding, Forage and BioMass Breeding, Oat Breeding, Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Soil Fertility, Extension Forage, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, and Extension Pathology. Other research includes several graduate theses and the spring wheat quality SWQAC/OVA trials. The information is disseminated by data being published in an annual research report, extension publications, agronomy journals, regional research reports, and graduate student theses. The Northeast Research Station summer tour is an annual event with presentations by project leaders, extension personnel, and invited guests. PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall is the Northeast Research Station supervisor and Oat Project Leader. Allen Heuer is the manager in charge of all the operations on the station. Lucinda Olson is the secretary in charge of communications and publications. Dr. Sue Blodgett is the Plant Science Department Head. Dr. Ron Gelderman (Soils and Plant Analysis), Dr. Vance Owens (Extension Forage Project), Paul Johnson (Extension Educator), and Lon Hall are members of Scientific Research Committee. Inel Rychman, Jim Kopriva, Lynn Johnson, Orrin Korth, Kelley Johnson, Laron Krause, Mark Kriesel, Paul Leiseth, Donald Guthmiller, Darien Kilker, Leon Koeppe, Hal Clemensen, and Mark Rosenberg are the Northeast Research Station Advisory Board. TARGET AUDIENCES: Research conducted at the Northeast Research Station targeted for scientists, producers, and retailers; however, it is ultimately the consumer who benefits from a less expensive quality end product. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The economic impact from research at the Northeast Research Station (NRS) is immeasurable; however, it would surely be in the millions of dollars. The benefactors are not limited to South Dakota; the surrounding states also benefit economically and environmentally. SDSU breeding programs not only test their experimental lines at several locations in order to evaluate yield stability, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and grain quality traits, they also test experimental lines from out of state breeding programs in regional nurseries as well. The locations may not be optimum environments for a given maturity; however, within a maturity, comparisons may be made on a relative basis. Culture research conducted at NRS is shared with producers and scientist via personal communication, extension service, publications, and journal articles.
Publications
- Hall, L., et.al. 2010. Annual Progress Report, Northeast Research Station. South Dakota State University Plant Science Department Pamphlet No. 43/Website (http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/northeastfarm/) January 2011.
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The mission of the Northeast Research Station is to provide sites and logistic support for short term and long-term research. The Northeast Research Station is located on a coteau with an elevation of 572 meters above sea level. The latitude is 45.1 degrees and longitude is 97.6 degrees. The total area of the station is 35 hectares including the building site and grass ways. There are 30 tillable hectares comprised of 22 research blocks. The blocks vary in size from .21 to 1.73 hectares. The soil is composed of 97.5 percent Kranzburg-Brookings and 2.5 percent Mckranz-Badger silty clay loam soil types with a 0-2 percent slope. The average rainfall is 55.3 cm per year and this area has an average of 2193 Growing Degree Days. Soil sampling, fertilizer applications, land preparation, crop rotation schemes, planting, and harvesting fill are provided by the station. The farm manager is responsible for all aspects of the research station maintenance, functions (excluding project research), and preliminary crop scouting. The principle investigators, after being consulted, approve all pesticide applications on research experiments. The Northeast Research Station directors, county extension educators, scientific advisory committee, industry, commodity organizations, and farmers provide input to project leaders and administrators for the nature and direction of research conducted at this site. The Northeast Research Station is a regional representative site for conducting cultural research, breeding, and testing crops that may be adapted for this areas environment. Several factors determined the general area for a research station; photoperiods, growing degree units, precipitation, diseases, and insects. In a continental climate, regional environments are similar from year to year; however, environments always deviate from the mean on yearly basis, occasionally to the extreme. It is these environmental variations that are useful when assessing genetic by environmental interactions for that region. The majority of the research conducted at the Northeast Research Station in not exclusive to this location. This site is routinely one of multiple environments tested. Multiple environments are essential for more precise evaluation of G by E interactions. Eighteen research projects from SDSU have conducted research at the Northeast Research Station over the last five years. The projects that conducted research included: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Oil Seeds, Forage Breeding, Oat Breeding, Corn Breeding, Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Soil Fertility, Extension Forage, Extension Soils, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, Extension Pathology, Small Grain Pathology, Plant Virology, Entomology, and Extension entomology. The research conducted by these projects included several graduate theses. The information is decimated by data being published in an annual research report, extension publications, agronomy journals, regional research reports, and graduate student theses. Two field station tours are conducted annually with presentations by project leaders, extension personnel, and invited guests. PARTICIPANTS: Allen Heuer is Northeast Research Station manager. The secretary is Lucinda Olson, and Lon Hall is the supervisor. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The economic impact from research at the Northeast Research Station is immeasurable; however, it would surely be in the millions of dollars. The benefactors are not limited to South Dakota; the surrounding states also benefit economically and environmentally. Dissemination of information was accomplished by means of presentations of scientists at the annual field day and the annual Northeast Research Station Report. This report may be accessed on the South Dakota State University Plant Science web site. Training sessions for extension agents are conducted annually at the research station. Special tours are also given to producers, private industry, and visiting scientists as requested.
Publications
- NORTHEAST RESEARCH STATION REPORT 2009
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Progress 01/09/64 to 01/01/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Compare legumes with commerical fertilizer as a nitrogen source. Compare small annual with 1 large application of fertilizer every 4 or 5 years. Duration of the effectiveness of alfalfa as plow down. Examine rotations that include small grains, legumes and oilseeds PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Roy Scott, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Karl Glover, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Michael Catangui, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Gregg Carlson, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Larry Osborne, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Jeff Stein, SDSU- Plant Science; TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers in the northeast region of South Dakota SDCES County-based Educators in northeast region of South Dakota Agri-business, consultants in the northeast region of SD. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours. Two annual field days per year are conducted for area producers SDCCES county-based Extension Educator training is conducted at Northeast Research Farm
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The mission of the Northeast Research Station is to provide sites and logistic support for short term and long-term research. The Northeast Research Station is a satellite research station for South Dakota State University. It is located on a coteau with an elevation of 572 meters above sea level. The latitude is 45.1 degrees and the longitude is 97.6 degrees. The total area of the station is 35 hectares including the building site and grass ways. There are 30 tillable hectares comprised of 22 research blocks. The blocks vary in size from .21 to 1.73 hectares. The soil types are composed of 97.5 percent Kranzburg-Brookings and 2.5 percent Mckranz-Badger silty clay loam with a 0-2 percent slope. The average rainfall is 55.3 cm per year and this area has an average of 2,193 Growing Degree Days. The farm manager is responsible for all aspects of the research station maintenance, functions (excluding project research), and preliminary crop scouting. The principle investigators, after being consulted, approve all pesticide applications on research experiments. The Northeast Research Station directors, county extension educators, scientific advisory committee, industry, commodity organizations, and farmers provide input to project leaders and administrators for the nature and direction of research conducted at this site. The Northeast Research Station is a regional representative site for conducting cultural research, breeding, and testing crops that may be adapted for this areas environment. Several factors determined the general area for a research station; photoperiods, growing degree units, precipitation, diseases, and insects. In a continental climate, regional environments are similar from year to year; however, environments always deviate from the mean on a yearly basis, occasionally to the extreme. It is these environmental variations that are useful when assessing genetic by environmental (G by E) interactions for that region. The majority of the research conducted at the Northeast Research Station is not exclusive to this location. This site is routinely one of multiple environments tested for individual research projects. Multiple environments are essential for more precise evaluation of G by E interactions. Sixteen research projects from SDSU have conducted research at the Northeast Research Station in the past year. These projects included: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Forage Breeding, Oat Breeding, Soybean Breeding, Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Extension Forage, Extension Soils, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, Extension Pathology, Small Grain Pathology, Plant Virology, Entomology, and Extension Entomology. The research conducted by these projects also included several graduate theses. The information is disseminated by publishing data in an annual Northeast Research Station report/website, extension publications, agronomy journals, regional research reports, and graduate student theses. Industry tours and two field station tours are conducted annually with presentations by project leaders, extension personnel, and invited guests. PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall (Farm Supervisor and Scientific Advisory Committee member), Allen Heuer (Farm Manager), Dr. Sue Blodgett (Plant Science Department Head), Dr. Ron Gelderman (Scientific Advisory Committee member), Dr. Vance Owens, (Scientific Advisory Committee member), Chuck Langner, (Scientific Advisory Committee member), and Lucinda Olson, (Secretary). TARGET AUDIENCES: The target audience includes scientists, producers, retailers, millers, and consumers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The products and knowledge gained are the results of research conducted by the following projects: Spring Wheat Breeding, Winter Wheat Breeding, Forage Breeding, Oat Breeding, Soybean Breeding Crop Performance Testing, Soils and Plant Analysis, Extension Forage, Extension Soils, Extension Weeds, Small Grain Pathology, Extension Pathology, Small Grain Pathology, Plant Virology, Entomology, and Extension Entomology. Varieties released by the breeding projects have a significant economic impact. The lifetime economic value of new varieties is difficult to estimate; however, grain and forage producers gain millions of dollars depending on price, production, and acres planted. The additional values from feed grain, straw, stover, biofuels, retailer profit, niche markets profit, trickle down benefactors, tax revenue, and consumer satisfaction, though not calculable, are significant. Variety selection is the most cost effective input for producers. The Crop Performance Testing and Extension Forage projects yield trials aid producers in cultivar selection. The ever changing cultural practices require research in soil fertility in order for producers to maximize profits and simultaneously preserve and improve the environment. Diseases are constantly mutating and hybridizing, thus, rendering resistant genes susceptible. Pathology research provides producers with information to implement cultural practices and/or pesticide applications for disease control which allows increased production and expanded crop selection. Entomology research is essential in order to understand economic insect population thresholds and the proliferation of beneficial and non-beneficial insects. The introduction of new species of insects, shorter crop rotations, and genetically modified organisms have caused proliferation of previously absent or economically insignificant insects. In summary, although this research is not exclusive to the Northeast Research Station, the research conducted at this site has an integral part in providing valid information to aid producers and ultimately supply quality products to the consumer.
Publications
- Hall, L., et.al. 2008. Annual Progress Report, Northeast Research Station. South Dakota State University Plant Science Department Pamphlet No. 37/Website (http://plantsci.sdstate.edu/northeastfarm/) January 2008.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Compare legumes with commerical fertilizer as a nitrogen source. Compare small annual with 1 large application of fertilizer every 4 or 5 years. Duration of the effectiveness of alfalfa as plow down. Examine rotations that include small grains, legumes and oilseeds PARTICIPANTS: Lon Hall, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Roy Scott, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Karl Glover, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Michael Catangui, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Gregg Carlson, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Larry Osborne, SDSU- Plant Science; Dr. Jeff Stein, SDSU- Plant Science; TARGET AUDIENCES: Producers in the northeast region of South Dakota SDCES County-based Educators in northeast region of South Dakota Agri-business, consultants in the northeast region of SD. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours. Two annual field days per year are conducted for area producers SDCCES county-based Extension Educator training is conducted at Northeast Research Farm
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
The 2006 growing season was three weeks longer than average and growing season precipitation was more then 10 cm below average. Precipitation was well below average for all months except April and September, and hot, dry conditions prevailed through much of July and August. The September rainfall arrived too late to benefit this year's crops, but did aid in establishment of winter wheat. Crops were planted in a timely manner and established well. Small grain crops generally completed development prior to the onset of the hot, dry conditions. Oat yields were 3% less than the previous year, spring wheat yields were 14% lower, and barley yields were 16% below the previous year. Alfalfa yields were 22% lower than 2005 and flax yields were down 27%. Row crops yields were severely reduced by the drought conditions. Soybean yields were 42% lower and corn yields were 58% lower than the previous year. The dry conditions inhibited the development of most plant diseases. Insect
problems were generally minor, although some corn borer activity was noted. The summer tour included herbicide studies, small grain varieties and diseases, field pea trials, corn and soybean insects, and soil fertility studies. The fall tour emphasized row crops and included effects of moisture stress on corn and soybean yields, soybean breeding, herbicide studies, soybean insects, and a discussion on forage and biomass crops.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2006. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No.23. SDSU, Brookings. 81p.
- Smolik, J.D. 2006. Fifty -year yield summary. 2005 Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. p 5-7.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The 2005 growing season was 10 days longer than average and growing season precipitation was 7.5 cm below average. Precipitation was below average for all months except June. Although precipitation was below average the growing season temperatures were moderate, and all crops benefited from the very good subsoil moisture reserves following the wet 2004 season. Crops were planted in a timely manner and developed very well. Oat and barley yields were lower than last years near record levels, while spring wheat yields were similar to the previous year. Field peas were also evaluated and yields were similar to another east river location. Alfalfa yields were higher than the previous year. Average soybean yields were 20% higher than last year and average corn yields were 24% higher. In general, plant disease and insect problems were minor. The past year marked the fiftieth year for the Northeast Farm. Small grain, corn, and soybean yields in Crop Performance Trials in
northeastern South Dakota over the past 50 years were compared. Small grain yields at the NE Station have generally trended upward. Oat yields over the past 15 years appear to have leveled somewhat. Crown rust has caused significant yield loss in oats in some years, and remains a serious challenge to oat production in northeastern S.D. Barley yields have shown consistent yield increases over the past 15 years. The impact of scab on spring wheat yields over the wet 1991-1995 period was evident. Over the past 50 years the yields of both barley and spring wheat have more than doubled. The most dramatic increase in crop yields has been in corn, where yields have more than tripled. Soybean yields more than doubled over the first 30 years, but have shown little consistent improvement over the past 20 years. Soybean yields the past five years were only slightly better than the 1986-1990 period. The decline in soybean yields and the apparent leveling of oat yields suggests areas where
additional research may be required to improve yields.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2005. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No.19. SDSU, Brookings. 84p.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The 2004 growing season was one week longer than average. Growing season precipitation (April-October) was 25.4 cm above average, and the 2004 season was the second wettest in the 49-year history of the station. Precipitation was near normal in April, well above normal in May, near normal in June, well above in July, well below normal in August, and well above in September and October. The growing season was cool and all months except July had at least one night when the overnight lows were near 2 to 30 C. The farm was fortunate and escaped the area frosts that occurred in mid and late August. Crops were planted in a timely manner and development of small grains and cool season forage crops was very good. Spring wheat yields were slightly above last year, oat yields were 60% higher, and barley yields were 40% above last year. Alfalfa yields were 80% higher than last year. The cool season dramatically slowed row crop development. However, September temperatures were
generally warm, which allowed soybeans to mature and greatly aided corn development. Corn and soybean yields were nearly double the previous years level. In general, plant disease and insect problems were minor.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2004. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No.15. South Dakota State University, Brookings. 83p.
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The 2003 growing season was two weeks longer than the average of 146 days. Growing season precipitation (April-October) was the fifth lowest in the 48-year history of the station and was more than 15cm below average. Precipitation and temperatures were near normal in April and May, but precipitation for the remainder of the growing season was below normal. Crops were planted in a timely manner, and early season development was generally good. The moderate temperatures and near normal precipitation in the early portion of the growing season aided the small grains, and yields were good. Spring wheat yields were 76% greater than yields in 2002, oat yields were 48% higher, and average barley yields were 65% above 2002. The dry conditions in June and July slowed development of foliar diseases and scab. Row crops were severely stressed by low precipitation. Average soybean yields were 57% lower than 2002, and corn yields were 45% lower. Alfalfa yields were about 20% higher
than 2002. Yields in the switchgrass trial were variable. Several of the cultivars were injured during winter and their yields were low; however, two South Dakota selections survived very well and their yields were only slightly lower than 2002.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2003. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No.11. SDSU, Brookings. 94p.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
The 2002 growing season was 11 days shorter than the average of 146 days. The spring was generally dry and temperatures varied widely from highs near 27 C in mid April to a low of -4 C in late May followed by a high of 32 C several days later. Precipitation from April through July was well below average for each month. August rainfall was well above average followed by a very dry September and near normal October. Total growing season precipitation (April-October) was 7.9 cm below the long-term average of 46 cm. Crops were planted in a timely manner, but development was slowed by the dry conditions and generally cool temperatures. Small grain yields were poor, and average spring wheat yields were 55% less than last year, oat yields were 43% lower, and average barley yields were 53% lower. The dry conditions prevented the development of foliar diseases and Fusarium head blight (Scab). Flax yields were 36% lower than the previous year. Row crop yields were aided by the
August precipitation. Average soybean yields were 32% higher than last year. Corn yields were similar to those in 2001. Moderate corn borer damage was noted in non-protected hybrids. Alfalfa yields were 20% less than last year due in part to the late spring frost that reduced the first cutting. Switchgrass yields were nearly 40% lower.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2002. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No. 5. SDSU, Brookings. 89p.
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
The 2001 growing season was longer than average and temperatures were generally seasonable. Precipitation was nearly 13 cm above average in April followed by near normal rainfall in May, June, and July. August was very dry, September was near normal and October was below average. The total growing season precipitation (April-October) was about 3.8 cm above the long-term average (46 cm). Growing conditions were generally favorable through July and all crops established and developed well. Adequate subsoil moisture reserves accompanied by timely rainfall through July aided the small grain crop, and yields were well above levels of recent years. Also, with the exception of crown rust on oats, the incidence of foliar disease was light as were infection levels of Fusarium head blight (scab). Flax yields were slightly lower than the previous year. The very dry August stressed the row crops, and both corn and soybean yields were reduced. Yield reductions were highest for the
later maturing corn hybrids and Group 1 soybeans. Studies in 2001 included small grain, flax, corn, and soybean performance trials, alfalfa variety trials, switchgrass biomass studies, oat, corn, spring wheat, winter wheat, and soybean breeding, corn Bt studies, soybean fertilizer trials, fungicide studies on wheat, root rot investigations, and herbicide evaluations on corn, soybean, wheat, canola, flax, sunflower, and switchgrass.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2001. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No. 1. SDSU, Brookings. 73p.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
The 2000 growing season was 11 days longer than average, and temperatures were generally seasonable. Precipitation was below average in April, May, and June and above average in July. Both August and September were very dry, but were followed by above average precipitation in October. The total growing season precipitation (April-October) was 7.6 cm below the long-term average. Growing conditions through July were generally favorable and all crops established and developed well. Oat, barley, and alfalfa yields were similar to 1999. Spring wheat, durum, and canola yields were substantially higher than the previous year. The dry August and September reduced corn, soybean, and flax yields, and they were about 25 percent lower than in 1999. Foliar diseases and scab caused only minor damage to the small grain crop. Populations of European corn borers were very low, and did not reach damaging levels. A total of seventeen Experiment Station and Extension Service projects
conducted studies at the N E Farm. Studies included small grain, corn, and soybean performance trials, canola and flax variety evaluations, alfalfa variety trials, switchgrass biomass production, winter wheat, spring wheat, oat, corn, and soybean breeding, corn fertilizer and Bt studies, herbicide evaluations on corn, soybean, canola, sunflower, flax, spring wheat, alfalfa, and edible beans, and fungicide studies on spring wheat.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 2000. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No. 98. SDSU, Brookings. 83p.
- Smolik, J.D. and A. Heuer. 2000. Mechanical and chemical weed control in spring wheat. In 1999 N E Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No. 98:51.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The 1999 growing season was longer than average. The last killing frost occurred on April 18. Precipitation in April and May was slightly below average and June rainfall was well above average. Precipitation in July and August was below average. September precipitation was above average followed by much below average rainfall in October. The first killing frost was recorded on October 1. The total growing season precipitation (April-October) was nearly 13 cm below average, and 1999 was the 8th driest year on record at the station. The timely rainfall and seasonal temperatures in the early part of the season resulted in very good crop establishment and development. Dryer conditions in July slowed development of the small grains and oilseeds. Foliar disease and scab were present at damaging levels, and yields of small grains were approximately 3 to 30% lower than the previous year. Canola and flax yields were about 25% lower than in 1998, and alfalfa yields were also
lower. The very dry conditions in July and August did not appear to substantially slow row crop development, and corn and soybean yields were generally very good. Unlike the previous two years, European corn borer population levels were low this year and did not reach damaging levels. An additional 2.43 hectares was added to the farm this year to accommodate increased interest in corn and soybean herbicides. Sixteen Experiment Station and Extension Service projects conducted studies at the NE Station. Studies included small grain, corn, and soybean performance trials, canola and flax variety evaluations, alfalfa variety trials, legume/grass mixtures, cool and warm season annual forages, winter wheat, spring wheat, oat, corn, and soybean breeding, spring wheat and corn fertility studies, Bt-corn studies, herbicide studies on corn, soybean, canola, spring wheat, oats, and alfalfa, and foliar fungicide studies on oats and spring wheat.
Impacts
The overall objective of the NE Research Station is to provide area crop producers with agronomic information applicable to Northeastern SD. In addition, this station opens an additional channel of communication between NE area growers and university personnel. Also, this station provides project leaders in the Plant Science Department opportunities to conduct agronomic research and to participate in field days and tours.
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 1999. Northeast research station annual progress report. Plant Science Pamphlet no. 93, SDSU, Brookings, SD. 89 p.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
The 1998 growing season was longer than average, with generally favorable growing conditions. The last killing frost occurred on 17 April. April precipitation was below average, but precipitation in May was above average. Both June and July were dryer than average followed by above average precipitation in August. September precipitation was the lowest recorded for this month at the NE Station over the past 43 years, and was followed by the wettest October. The first killing frost occurred on 1 October. Overall, growing season precipitation was nearly 8 cm above the long-term average, due in large part to the very wet October. The favorable growing season resulted in very good crop yields. Corn, soybean, spring wheat, oats, alfalfa, canola and flax yields were all substantially above those recorded in 1997. Foliar diseases and head scab were present in the small grain crops, but infection levels were not as high as has been observed in previous years. Corn borer
populations were high again this year, and unprotected corn lines were significantly damaged. Fifteen Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service projects conducted studies at the NE Station in 1998. Studies included corn, soybean, and small grain performance trials, canola and flax evaluations, alfalfa variety trials, legume/grass mixtures, spring wheat, winter wheat, oat, and soybean breeding, corn row space, Bt, and fertilizer studies, soybean row space, population and inoculation studies, herbicide studies on corn soybean, canola, sunflower, flax, alfalfa, and spring wheat, crop rotation studies, and foliar fungicide on spring wheat and oats.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Smolik, J.D. Editor. 1998. Northeast research station annual progress report. Plant Science Pamphlet Series No. 89. SDSU, Brookings, SD 68 p.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Most crops were planted in a timely manner, but a lack of precipitation in May and June resulted in poor emergence of shallow planted crops. Stands of soybean, canola, and flax were erratic in some studies. The generally dry spring interfered with herbicide activation and resulted in weed problems in some studies. A total of 15 Ag. Exp. Station and Extension Service projects conducted studies at the station in 1997. Studies included: canola and flax trials, evaluation of annual forages and forage mixtures, alfalfa variety trials, corn and soybean performance trials, spring wheat, oat, and soybean breeding trials, row spacing effect on corn, fertility studies on corn, Bt corn trials, small grain fungicide trials, herbicide studies on flax, canola, corn, soybean, dry beans, sunflower, spring wheat and alfalfa.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- SMOLIK, J.D. Editor. 1997. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science pamphlet No. 86. SDSU, Brookings, SD. 65p.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
A cold, wet spring considerably delayed planting, and the majority of crops wereplanted the last 10 days of May and the 1st week of June. Fifteen Ag. Exp. Station and Extension Service projects conducted studies at the Station in 1996. Studies included small grain, corn, and soybean performance trials; row spacing effects on corn yield; fertilizer effects on corn and soybean yields; canola and flax variety trials; forage yield of alfalfa cultivars and annual legumes; oats, spring wheat, winter wheat, and soybean breeding; herbicide testing and demonstration on corn, soybean, canola, spring wheat, flax, alfalfa and sunflowers; effects of fungicide treatments on yield of spring wheat and oats; long-term rotation studies; and use of Bt corn for managing European corn borer.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- SMOLIK, J. D., Editor. 1996. Northeast Research Station Annual Progress Report. Plant Science Pamphlet No. 82. SDSU. Brookings. 68p.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Fourteen Agricultural Experiment Station and Extension Service projects conducted studies at the Station in 1995. Studies included orchardgrass breeding, forage yield of annual legumes, small grain performance trials, corn and soybean performance trials, soybean, spring wheat, winter wheat, and oat breeding, oat, barley, and spring wheat fungicide trials, corn, soybean, drybean, sunflower, and alfalfa herbicide tests, canola and flax trials, alfalfa cultivar yield test, effects of row spacing on soybean yield and morphology, crop rotation trials, and population and pollen source effects on corn yield.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80
Outputs
The Northeast Research Station is being used primarily for evaluation of plant materials by plant breeders in the Plant Science Department. Local weather conditions aid in the selection of plants adapted to the area. Other research includes: sunflower variety trials comparing commercial entries with average yields of 1812 kg/ha at 40.4% oil compared to open pollinated yielding 1306 kg/ha and 39.8% oil. A forage study consisting of 2 millets and Piper sudangrass produced 22.6 metric tons/ha of millet haylage and 16.8 metric tons/ha of sudangrass haylage at 50% moisture. Grain sorghum yields were 5167 kg/ha average but the forage was not harvested. A soybean variety plant population study started in 1980 with plant spacings of 5.1, 8.3 and 12.1 cm in 91-cm rows and populations of 217,800; 134,310 and 90,750 plants/ha. The highest yields produced varied with plant space and maturity. Very early Evans, at 8.3-cm spacing, produced 1984 kg/ha; early Hodgson 78 at 8.3
cm, 1977 kg/ha; medium Corsoy 79 at 122.1 cm, 1923 kg/ha; medium-late Harcor at 12.1 cm, 1991 kg/ha; late Wells at 8.3 cm, 1895 kg/ha and very late Sloan at 8.3 cm yielded 1711 kg/ha. For this area north of Watertown, Evans, Hodgson 78 and Corsoy 79 would mature most years. With Corsoy 79 being judged average, Evans is 13 days earlier and Hodgson 78 is 4. The outer range 3 to 10 days later than Corsoy 79. A summer crop tour was conducted on the station in 1980.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71
Outputs
Rainfall at Garden City, Watertown and Whetstone Valley was above normal and subsoil moisture high. At Garden City, the fertilizer rate experiment land was reworked after planting due to wild oats and replanted to flax and 85 day corn. No appreciable difference in flax yields. For corn, 100-30-0 yielded 2.3 bu. more than 100-30-100 and 19.4 bu/A more than 0-0-0. Spring grain yields were higher than in 1970. Winter wheat in mulch survived well and yields compare to spring wheat. Potatoes fertilized with 250# of 25-15-0/A produced l5.4 cwt/A more than 250# of 18-46-0/A and 92.3 cwt/A more than 0-0-0. Thimet treated potatoes yielded 28.2 cst/A more than untreated. At Whetstone Valley, N. experiment, 100-25-0 produced 24.6 bu/A more than 0-0-0. P experiment, 100-35-0produced 28.7 bu/A more than 0-0-0. Grain moisture did not exceed l8.4% for either experiment. Row space-plant population ex- periment. Highest yields were produced at 21,000 plants/A for 30" and
35" rows 86.1 and 96.0 bu/A and 70.7 bu/A at 15,000 plants/A in 40" rows. Tillage methods experiment, fertilizer at 150-25-30#/A, till planting yields were 87.9 bu/A, plowing 77.6 and chisel plow 78.6 all were 11+ bu/A higher than 0-0-0.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70
Outputs
Rainfall at Garden City, Watertown and Whetstone Valley was below normal and subsoil moisture reserves low. At Garden City, a fertilizer rate, fall application, no plow experiment was started. The wheat results were affected bywild oats. The 50-50-0 treatment for wheat produced 8.6 bu/A more than 0-0-0. For corn, 100-60-100 produced 0.5 bu. more than 100-30-0 and 11.6 bu/A more than0-0-0. Potato yields were down but thimet treatments increased yields 30.3 bu/A. Winter wheat has been grown successfully for 6 years at Garden City and Watertown using mulch practices. Yields averaged higher than spring wheat for the winter resistant varieties. In the winter wheat experiment, with 6 tillage methods and fertility levels, 60-15-0 mulched produced 5.0 bu/A more than 60-15-0 fallowed. Whetstone Valley is in full operation. Comparing the N to P experiment, the grain moisture was 4% higher in N experiment. 200-250-0 produced 59.3 in N experiment and 100-30-0 in P
experiment produced 58.5 bu/A. K in ratios produced 10 bu/A less in both experiments. In the row space, plant population experiment, highest yields were produced at 15,000 plants/A in 35 and40" rows, 69.8 and 72.2 bu/A and at 12,000 plants/A in 30" rows 60.4 bu/A. Silage yields of sorghum were 16+ tons/A for both 30 and 40" rows at 20,000 plants/A.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69
Outputs
Rainfall at Watertown was above normal and below at Garden City, fall subsoil moisture loss about 5 inches under corn. This is the Termination Report on the Time, Rate and Placement of Fertilizer Experiment at Garden City. The (5-yr. av.) fall broadcasting of fertilizer for wheat is the most effective. The (5-yr. av.) spring broadcasting of fertilizer for wheat produced the lowest yields, fall broadcasting and drilling fertilizer with the seed are nearly equal. Addition of P with N increased wheat yields more than N alone when compared to 0-0-0. The best ratios of fertilizer for wheat are: fall broadcasting of 30-15-0 preceded by 50-15-0 lb/A for corn, produced 10.9 bu. more than 0-0-0. Spring broadcasting of 30-30-0 produced 6.6 bu. more wheat than 0-0-0. Fertilizer drilled with the seed at 30-7-0, increased yields 11.3 bu. more than 0-0-0. The (5-yr. av.) broadcasting fertilizer in the fall is thebetter method for corn. The addition of P with N increased
yields more than N alone when compared to 0-0-0. The best ratios per method of application of fertilizer for corn are: fall broadcasting of 50-7-0 produced 17.1 bu. more than 0-0-0. Spring broadcasting of 50-15-0 produced 17.2 bu. more than 0-0-0. Starter of 50-7-0 produced 10.9 bu. more than 0-0-0.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68
Outputs
Rainfall was near normal and subsoil moisture reserves were increasing due to the late fall rains. In the time, rate and placement of fertilizer study, for wheat the addition of P with N increased yields more than N alone. Fall broadcasting of fertilizer at 30-30-0 lb/A produced 22.6 bu. more than 0-0-0. Spring broadcasting of 30-30-0 produced 16.9 bu. more. Fertilizer drilled with the seed, at 30-30-0, increased yields 14.9 bu. Broadcasting fertilizer in the fall was the better method for corn. Yield response from N alone was about as high as those having P in the ratios. Residual carryover for the 0-0-0 treatment, preceded by 30-15-0 in 1967, helped increase yields 4.8 bu. in the starter treatment. Yields of corn are higher and the moisture content was lower. In the depth placement of fertilizer trial, wheat yield differences weresmall regardless of rate or depth. There were no wheat yield increases due to ripping of unfertilized plots. In the green chop
forage study, oats produced the most tons of dry matter per acre. Oat plus sorghum produced enough regrowthfor pasturing. Yields of wheat and flax varieties were high, while oats and barley yields were down. Sunflower yields were 1245 lbs./A. The addition of thimet with potatoes at planting time increased yield. In the winter wheat experiment, the better
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/67 to 12/30/67
Outputs
Watertown and Garden City Units were 7 inches or more below normal for rainfall and subsoil moisture reserves were low when sampled in fall. Yield response of 8-10 bushels resulted from N-P combinations. Moisture use was about equal for all fertilized treatments, but was 1/4 to 1/2 inch greater than on the untreatedplots. Addition of phosphorus with nitrogen helped produce average yield increases of 6.4 bushels of corn and 9.1 bushels of wheat. Subsoil moisture reserves were low under both crops at season's end. Forage sorghum hybrids produced highest yields, wet and dry, in narrow rows and wider plant spacings. Oats plus forage sorghum was the best green chop combination and regrowth was sufficient for pasturing. Yields of wheat and barley varieties were high, whilethe oats and flax yields were average. Crambe and mustard yields were good for this kind of a year. Sunflower seed yields were 1478.2 lbs/A. Addition of Thimet with potatoes at planting time more
than offset cost, increased yield of 11.3 bushels. Winter wheat and mulch seeding trial has now been set up into an experiment at Garden City and Watertown using two different planting methods andvarious fertility levels. Good winter wheat survival resulted from mulch planting in 1966-67. Seed germination was good using a press drill, but fair where the deep furrow drill was used.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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