Source: UNIV OF MINNESOTA submitted to NRP
WHEAT BREEDING AND GENETICS
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0007347
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2011
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2016
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MINNESOTA
(N/A)
ST PAUL,MN 55108
Performing Department
Agronomy & Plant Genetics
Non Technical Summary
Spring wheat is grown on more than 1.5 million acres annually in Minnesota, ranking 3rd behind soybeans and corn. Improved cultivars are one of the most important components of profitable wheat production. Wheat yields must increase in order for this crop to remain economically viable in Minnesota. One intended outcome of our research is new disease resistant, high yielding cultivars with good end-use quality. The diseases Fusarium head blight, leaf rust and stem rust, and bacterial leaf streak are all major targets of our breeding efforts. Leaf rust has been a yield-reducing pathogen of hard red spring in the Upper Midwest and is often responsible for the decline of popular cultivars due to the emergence of new virulent strains of this pathogen. A new stem rust race, designated Ug99, was found in Africa in 1999. This race is highly virulent on most cultivars currently grown in Minnesota and germplasm in all stages of the Minnesota wheat breeding program. Resistance must be quickly bred into our germplasm to prevent losses and added grower costs due to fungicide application should this stem rust race arrive in the U.S. A comprehensive genetic and breeding approach is necessary to respond to these needs. Genetic studies will be utilized to identify the chromosomal locations and DNA markers for genes influencing disease resistance and grain quality. DNA markers will be used to characterize crossing parents for essential genes and also to make selections in early generations.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011541108020%
2021541108010%
2031541108025%
2041541108010%
2121541108025%
7121541108010%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 712 - Protect Food from Contamination by Pathogenic Microorganisms, Parasites, and Naturally Occurring Toxins; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1541 - Hard red spring wheat;

Field Of Science
1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
The objectives of this project are to: 1) Develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2)Genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; 3)Identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to diseases and grain end-use quality; and 4) Educate and train graduate students. We expect to release on average one new cultivar or germplasm line per year, publish peer-reviewed papers describing the mapping of genes associated with disease resistance and grain quality, and graduate on average one graduate student per year.
Project Methods
A modified bulk breeding method will be utilized to develop superior spring wheat cultivars and germplasm. Most crosses will involve elite germplasm from the U of M hard red spring breeding program and germplasm containing new genes for high priority traits. Three-way and backcrosses will be used, especially when less adapted materials are being crossed. Two generations (F3 and F6) will be grown in winter nurseries to provide generation advance (F3) and seed increase (F6). Yield trials will be sown as 4.65 m2 plots. Other agronomic characteristics routinely examined will include heading date, plant height, lodging, shattering, as well as any diseases that appear. Intensive screening for reaction to leaf rust and stem rust will occur in the F2, F4, and F5 generations. In addition, all materials in the preliminary yield trial stage or later are grown in a rust nursery managed to produce high levels of disease. Field plots to be screened for FHB will consist of single 1.3 m rows, unless insufficient seed supplies necessitate that smaller plots be used. End-use quality will be evaluated beginning with grain harvested from the F5 nursery and every generation thereafter. Grain samples of F5 lines selected for acceptable agronomic appearance, seed color/size/shape, and disease reaction will be analyzed for test weight, grain protein content, grain size and hardness, and flour mixing properties (mixograph) at the USDA-ARS Wheat Quality Laboratory in Fargo, ND. Grain samples of all materials in preliminary and advanced yield trials will be sent to the USDA-ARS lab for the same measurements of end-use quality as listed above in addition to milling, flour color, and bread-making characteristics. All materials in advanced yield trials will be tested for preharvest sprouting reaction at two locations each year. All potential crossing parents, F6 lines, and selected BC1 and 3-way crosses will be characterized for their DNA marker haplotype for important genes. DNA marker technology will be used to locate genes influencing traits that are difficult to manipulate using conventional breeding and selection procedures or when gene pyramiding is desired. The main focus will be on mapping resistance genes for FHB, leaf rust and stem rust, and bacterial leaf streak in the next five years and using these genes in a marker-assisted selection program to introgress them into elite germplasm.

Progress 07/01/11 to 06/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:Wheat growers in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders Postdoctoral Associates Graduate Students Undergraduate Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One post-doctoral research associates and five graduate students were mentored during this reporting period. In addition, two full-time and two part-time technical staff assisted with our research activities. All of these individuals participated in bi-weekly lab meetings where they had the opportunity to learn of the research of others in our group and contribute suggestions to improve productivity, data quality, and improve analysis methodology. Postdocs and graduate students are encouraged to attend one or more conferences per year to present results of their research. During this reporting period, project members presented their research at the Plant and Animal Genome Conference, and American Society of Agronomy Annual meetings. In addition, project personnel attended numerous on-campus seminars on topics ranging from agronomy to plant breeding. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? MN11325-7 (Faller//00H04*J3/MN03130-1-62) was released as 'Shelly' in 2016. Shelly is a mid-late maturity hard red spring wheat that is competitive for grain yield with the highest yielding varieties in the region, but with higher protein. Shelly is moderately resistant to important diseases such as leaf rust, bacterial leaf streak, and Fusarium head blight. Straw strength is average, rated as a '5'. Shelly is resistant to preharvest sprouting and has exhibited acceptable end-use quality characteristics.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bajgain, P., M.N. Rouse, P. Bulli, S. Bhavani, T. Gordon, R. Wanyera, P.N. Njau, W. Legesse, J.A. Anderson and M.O. Pumphrey. 2015. Association Mapping of North American Spring Wheat Breeding Germplasm Reveals Loci Conferring Resistance to Ug99 and Other African Stem Rust Races. BMC Plant Biology 15: 249.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bajgain, P., M.N. Rouse, T.J. Tsilo, G.K. Macharia, S. Bhavani, Y. Jin Y, and J.A. Anderson. 2016. Nested Association Mapping of Stem Rust Resistance in Wheat Using Genotyping by Sequencing. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0155760. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155760.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Conley, E.J., and J. A. Anderson. 2016. Accuracy of Genome-Wide Prediction for Fusarium Head Blight Associated Traits in a Spring Wheat Breeding Program. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Larson, S. J.A. Anderson, X. Zhang, K. M. Dorn, J. Poland, L. DeHaan, T.R. Kantarski, K. Jensen, and B. Waldron. 2016. Breeding and Genomic Resources for Intermediate Wheatgrass and Perennial Agriculture. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rawat, N. M. Pumphrey, E. Akhunov, J.A. Anderson, and B.S. Gill. 2016. Map-based Cloning Reveals the Origin of Fhb1 Gene in Wheat. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rawat, N. M. Pumphrey, S. Liu, X. Zhang, V.K. Tiwari, H.N. Trick, W.W. Bockus, E. Akhunov, J.A. Anderson, and B.S. Gill. 2016. Positional Cloning of Fhb1 Gene in Wheat. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, X., A. Sallam, L. Gao, T. Kantarski, J. Poland, L. DeHaan, D. Wyse, and J. Anderson. 2016. Establishment and optimization of genomic selection to accelerate the domestication and improvement of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) using recurrent selection. The Plant Genome 9 doi: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.07.0059
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhang, X., L. Gao, A. Sallam, K. Frels, L. DeHaan, D.L. Wyse, and J.A. Anderson. 2016. Linkage and Association Mapping of Intermediate Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) Height and Seed Size. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Wheat growers in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders Postdoctoral Associates Graduate Students Undergraduate Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three post-doctoral research associates and seven graduate students were mentored during this reporting period. In addition, two full-time and two part-time technical staff assisted with our research activities. All of these individuals participated in bi-weekly lab meetings where they had the opportunity to learn of the research of others in our group and contribute suggestions to improve productivity, data quality, and improve analysis methodology. Postdocs and graduate students are encouraged to attend one or more conferences per year to present results of their research. During this reporting period, project members presented their research at the Plant and Animal Genome Conference, and American Society of Agronomy Annual meetings. In addition, project personnel attended numerous on-campus seminars on topics ranging from agronomy to plant breeding. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Data from the yield and disease nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the MAES's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Also, the publications listed earlier and other talks listed earlier and reproduced below. 1. Invited talks on spring wheat breeding and varieties at 8 venues, attended by more than 1,000 growers: Fergus Falls (1/20/15), Moorhead (1/20/145), Crookston (1/21/15), Hallock, Argyle, and Roseau (1/22/15), Red Lake Falls (1/23/15), Crookston field day (7/16/15) 2. Live radio interview by Mick Kajr, KFGO, Fargo, ND (4/8/15) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? One advanced experimental line, MN08165, was released as 'Bolles' in 2015. Bolles is a mid-late maturity hard red spring wheat with very high grain protein content, competitive grain yields, and good straw strength. The pedigree of Bolles is MN02268-1/MN01333-A-1. Bolles has excellent leaf rust resistance and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. Bolles is resistant to preharvest sprouting and has exhibited excellent end-use quality characteristics. Members of our project co-authored 11 papers investigating disease resistance and quality characteristics of wheat.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Altendorf, K., J.A. Anderson, D.M. Marks, K. Betts, and D.L. Wyse. 2014. Pennycress: A Winter Annual Cover Crop and Biofuel Feedstock. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Long Beach, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: ElDoliefy, A.E., J.A. Anderson, K.D. Glover, A. Kumar, E.M. Elias, S. Chao, M.S. Alamri and M. Mergoum. 2014. Parshall: An Indigenous and Novel FHB Resistance Source for Fusarium Head Blight with High Quality and Adapted Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivar. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, N. Turcott and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2014 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 80). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: ElDoliefy, A.E., J.A. Anderson, K.D. Glover, A. Kumar, S. Chao, E.M. Elias, R Seetan, M.S. Alamri, and M Mergoum. 2014. Glenn' a New Source of FHB Resistance in USA Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Long Beach, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Thurston, Y., J.T. Eckard, K.D. Glover, J.A. Anderson, M. Mergoum, M. Caffe, S. Ali, S.K. Sehgal, F.G. Marais, and J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez. 2014. Validation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTLs in Wheat using Double Haploids Derived from Four-way Crosses. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, N. Turcott and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2014 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 98). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Turner, K., and J.A. Anderson. 2014. International Perennial Wheat Genotype x Environment Trial; Observations from Minnesota. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Long Beach, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zhang, X., L.R. DeHaan, D.L. Wyse, and J.A. Anderson. 2014. Improve Thinopyrum Intermedium Germplasm Using Recurrent Selection and Genotyping-By-Sequencing Based Genetic Analysis. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Long Beach, CA.
  • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Anderson, J. J. Wiersma, D. Holen, J. Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, M. Smith, and L. Dykes. 2015. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Field Crop Trials, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G.L. Linkert, S. Reynolds, J.A. Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, and G.A. Hareland. 2015. Registration of 'Rollag' Spring Wheat. J. Plant Registrations 9:201-207.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bajgain, P., M.N. Rouse, and J.A. Anderson. 2016. Comparison between Genotyping by Sequencing and SNP-chip Genotyping for QTL Mapping in Wheat. Crop Sci. 56: 117.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Bajgain, P., M.N. Rouse, S. Bhavani, and J.A. Anderson. 2015. QTL Mapping of Adult Plant Resistance to Ug99 Stem Rust in the Spring Wheat Population RB07/MN06113-8. Mol. Breeding 35:170-184.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Gao, L., J Kielsmeirer-Cook, P Bajgain, X, Zhang, S. Chao M.N. Rouse, and J.A. Anderson. 2015. Development of genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and array derived SNP markers for stem rust resistance gene Sr42. Mol. Breeding 35:207.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Eckard, J.T., K.D. Glover, M. Mergoum, J.A. Anderson, and J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez. 2015. Multiple Fusarium head blight resistance loci mapped and pyramided onto elite spring wheat Fhb1 backgrounds using an IBD-based linkage approach. Euphytica 204:63-79.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Spanic, V., M.N. Rouse, J.A. Kolmer, and J.A. Anderson. 2015. Leaf and stem seedling rust resistance in wheat cultivars grown in Croatia. Euphytica 203:437448.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Uhlen, K., J.A Dieseth, S. Koga, U. B�cker, B.O. Hoel, and J.A Anderson. 2015 Variation in gluten quality parameters of spring wheat varieties of different origin grown in contrasting environments. J. Cereal Sci. 62:110-116.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Zhang, X., S.Haring, J.-B. Ohm, L.R. DeHaan, and J.A. Anderson. 2015. Towards the understanding of end-use quality in intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium): high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits, protein polymerization, and mixing characteristics. J. Cereal Sci. 88:81-88.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience: Wheat growers in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders Postdoctoral Associates Graduate Students Undergraduate Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two post-doctoral research associates and four graduate students were mentored during this reporting period. In addition, two full-time and one part-time technical staff assisted with our research activities. All of these individuals participated in weekly lab meetings where they had the opportunity to learn of the research of others in our group and contribute suggestions to improve productivity, data quality, and improve analysis methodology. Postdocs and graduate students are encouraged to attend one or more conferences per year to present results of their research. During this reporting period, project members presented their research at the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (Dec. 2013), Plant and Animal Genome Conference (Jan. 2014), Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop (Mar. 2014), and Edgar S. McFadden Symposium (Sept. 2014). In addition, project personnel attended numerous on-campus seminars on topics ranging from agronomy to plant breeding. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Data from the yield and disease nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the MAES's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Also, the publications listed earlier and other talks listed earlier and reproduced below Invited talks on spring wheat breeding and varieties at 9 venues, attended by more than 1,000 growers: Morris (1/20/14), Wahpeton, ND and Moorhead (1/21/14), Crookston (1/22/14), Hallock, Argyle, and Roseau (1/23/14), Red Lake Falls (1/24/14), Crookston field day (7/16/14) Interviews for Science, Farm Journal, MN Daily, Prairie Grains, and CFANS Solutions magazine What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Wheat Variety Development: During the 2014 growing season, more than 900 experimental lines and varieties were evaluated in yield trials at 1 to 15 locations. Fusarium head blight-inoculated, misted replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, and St. Paul and used to assess the reaction of more than 3,400 lines. Genomic Selection in Wheat: We are investigating Genomic Selection as a means of speeding gains from selection for economic traits, focusing on Fusarium head blight resistance. Phenotypic data was collected on lines in the training and validation populations from 2011-2013 and 90K SNP genotyping was done in 2013-214. Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat: Dr. Gao has the KASPar system of SNP marker analysis working in our lab and has used this system to verify markers for a new stem rust resistance gene in ‘MV-Zelma’. A manuscript describing this work has been submitted to Molecular Breeding. He has also identified better SNP markers for the Ug99-effective gene Sr42 and a manuscript describing this work is in preparation. TCAP Stem Rust Mapping: Prabin Bajgain’s Ph.D. project is funded by the USDA-NIFA Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project. Prabin used a mini-NAM population to discover Ug99-effective stem rust resistance genes; mapped a novel adult plant stem rust resistance gene in the experimental line MN06113-8, and compared the effectiveness of genetic mapping using Illumina’s 9K SNP chip and Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS). TCAP Leaf Rust Mapping: Kathryn Turner’s Ph.D. project is funded by the USDA-NIFA Triticeae Coordinated Agricultural Project, and supported during the 2014/2015 academic year by a U of MN Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Multiple sources of potentially novel resistance are being mapped using biparental populations and association mapping. An F6 population of 160 lines derived from MN line RB07 x Faller was evaluated for leaf rust resistance from 2012-2014. This population was genotyped using GBS and a leaf rust resistance QTL on chromosome 3BS was detected in all environments. Kathryn is also comparing leaf rust resistance genes identified in an Association Mapping panel with those discovered in biparental mapping populations.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Tsilo, T.J., J.A. Kolmer, and J.A. Anderson. 2014. Molecular mapping and improvement of leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding lines. Phytopathol. 104:865-870.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2013 Citation: Ovando-Martinez, M., B. Ozsisli, J. Anderson, K. Whitney, J.Ohm, and S. Simsek. 2013. Analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in Hard Red Spring Wheat inoculated with Fusarium graminearum. Toxins 5:2522-2532.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kaiser, D.E, J.J. Wiersma, and J.A. Anderson. 2014. Genotype and environment variation in elemental composition of spring wheat flag leaves. Agron. J. 106: 1: 324-336
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Macharia, G.K., R.J. P�na, S. Simsek, and J.A. Anderson 2014. Variation at glutenin subunit loci, single kernel characterization and evaluation of grain protein in East African bread wheat varieties. Euphytica 197:409421.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zhang, X., L.R. DeHaan, L. Higgins, T.W. Markowski D.L. Wyse, and J.A. Anderson. 2014. New insights into high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and sub-genomes of the perennial crop Thinopyrum intermedium (Triticeae). J. Cereal Sci. 59:203-210.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Runck, B.C., M.B. Kantar, N.R. Jordan, J.A. Anderson, D.L. Wyse, J.O. Eckberg, R.J. Barnes, C.L. Lehman, L.R. DeHaan, R.M. Stupar, C.C. Sheaffer, and P.M. Porter. 2014. The Reflective Plant Breeding Paradigm: A Robust System of Germplasm Development to Support Strategic Diversification of Agroecosystems. Crop Sci. 54:1939-1948.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, S. Reynolds, and R. Caspers. 2013. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, S. Reynolds, and R. Caspers. 2013. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Eckard, J.T., J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, K.D. Glover, J. Anderson and M. Mergoum. 2013. Multiple Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTL Pyramided onto Elite Spring Wheat Fhb1 Back-grounds using a Family-based Mapping Approach. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, Y. Salat and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2013 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 16). East Lansing,MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: ElDoliefy, A.E., James A. Anderson, Karl D. Glover, Ajay Kumar, Elias Elias, Shiaoman Chao, Mohammed S. Alamri and Mohamed Mergoum. 2013. Molecular Mapping of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Glenn, a High Quality and Adapted Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivar. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, Y. Salat and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2013 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 18). East Lansing,MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bajgain P, Rouse MN, Anderson JA. 2014. Mapping Ug99-effective APR QTLs in a biparental spring wheat population. Plant and Animal Genome Conference XXII. January 11-15, 2014. San Diego, CA, USA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Friebe, B., T. Barnes, J.A Anderson, and C. Botanga. 2014. Cytogenetic Analysis of the Basis of Tall Off-Types in Semi-Dwarf Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum). In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Turner, M. Kathryn, James A. Kolmer, and James A. Anderson. 2014. Comparing Biparental and Association Mapping Techniques to Identify Leaf Rust Resistance in Diverse Wheat Accessions. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Zhang, X., L. DeHaan, J.A. Anderson, and D.L. Wyse. 2014. Dissecting Sub-Genomes of the Promising Perennial Crop Thinopyrum intermedium Using Functional Genes and Genome-Wide Molecular Markers. In: Proceedings of the XXII International Plant & Animal Genome Conference, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bajgain P, Rouse MN, Anderson JA. 2014. Mapping Ug99-effective APR QTLs in a biparental spring wheat population. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop. March 22-25, 2014. Obregon, Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Gao, L., Bajgain, P., Rouse, M. N. and Anderson, J. A. 2014 Identification and genetic mapping of a Ug99 stem rust resistance gene in hexaploid wheat. Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop. March 22-25, 2014. Obregon, Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Turner, M. Kathryn, Matthew N. Rouse, Yue Jin, and James A. Anderson. 2014. Stem rust resistance in Jagger winter wheat. 2014 Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bajgain, P, M.N. Rouse, and J.A. Anderson. 2014. Mapping Putatively Novel QTL Conferring Adult Plant Resistance to Ug99 in the Biparental Population RB07/MN06113-8. Edgar S. Madden Symposium, September 23-24, 2014. Brookings, SD.


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Wheat growers in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders Postdoctoral Associates Graduate Students Undergraduate Students Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two post-doctoral research associates and five graduate students were mentored during this reporting period. In addition, two full-time and two part-time technical staff assisted with our research activities. All of these individuals participated in bi-weekly lab meetings where they had the opportunity to learn of the research of others in our group and contribute suggestions to improve productivity, data quality, and improve analysis methodology. Postdocs and graduate students are encouraged to attend one or more conferences per year to present results of their research. During this reporting period, project members presented their research at the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (Dec. 2012), Plant and Animal Genome Conference (Jan. 2013), and Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop (Aug. 2013). In addition, project personnel attended numerous on-campus seminars on topics ranging from agronomy to plant breeding. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Data from the yield and disease nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the MAES’s Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Also, the publications listed earlier and other talks listed earlier and reproduced below. 1. Invited talks on spring wheat breeding and varieties at 14 Minnesota locations, attended by more than 1,000 growers: Prairie Grains Conference, Grand Forks, ND (12/13/12), Morris (1/21/13), Breckenridge and Moorhead (1/22/13), Crookston and Ada (1/23/13), Hallock, Argyle, and Roseau (1/24/13), St. Hilaire (1/25/13), Morris field day (7/12/13), Crookston field day (7/17/13) 2. Invited talk “Public/Private Wheat Breeding Partnerships” given at the annual meeting of the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association, Fergus Falls, MN (1/15/13 3. Live radio interviews by Mick Kajr, KFGO, Fargo, ND (2/2/13 & 4/17/13) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? One advanced experimental line, MN06028, was released as ‘Linkert’ in 2013. Linkert, is a mid-maturity hard red spring wheat with excellent straw strength, high grain protein content, and competitive grain yields. The pedigree of Linkert is MN97695-4/Ada. Linkert has moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight and prevalent races of leaf rust. Linkert is resistant to preharvest sprouting and has exhibited good end-use quality characteristics. Members of our project co-authored two papers investigating seed storage proteins and their relationships to functional properties of wheat and grain yield. DNA markers were identified for proteins that determine functional properties of wheat.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Anderson, J.A. 2012. Overview of Breeding for FHB Resistance in Wheat  Where Weve Come From and Where We Are. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, A. Anderson-Scully and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 45). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, S. Reynolds, R. Caspers, and C. Springer. 2012. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, S. Reynolds, R. Caspers, S. Howey, C. Springer, J Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, and J.V. Wiersma. 2012. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Bajgain, P., M. Rouse, and J.A. Anderson. 2013. Comparison of GBS vs. SNP-chip approaches for mapping Ug99-effective APR QTLs In: R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop, (p. 20). New Dehli, India.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Cavanagh, C.R., S.M. Chao, S.C. Wang, B.E. Huang, S. Stephen, S. Kiani, K. Forrest, C. Saintenac, G.L. Brown-Guedira, A. Akhunova, D. See, G.H. Bai, M. Pumphrey, L. Tomar, D.B. Wong, S. Kong, M. Reynolds, M.L. daSilva, H. Bockelman, L. Talbert, J.A. Anderson, S. Dreisigacker, S. Baenziger, A. Carter, V. Korzun, P.L. Morrell, J. Dubcovsky, M.K. Morell, M.E. Sorrells, M.J. Hayden, and E. Akhunov. 2013. Genome-wide comparative diversity uncovers multiple targets of selection for improvement in hexaploid wheat landraces and cultivars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110:8057-8062.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Eckard, J.T., J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, K.D. Glover, W.A. Berzonsky, J.A. Anderson and M. Mergoum. 2012. Generalized Linear Models for Genetic Prediction of Scab Resistance from Regional Disease Nurseries. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, A. Anderson-Scully and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 57). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Garland-Campbell, K. R.E. Allan, J.Anderson, A. Burke, N. Blake, C. Hoagland, C. Walker, J. Chatelain, L.M. Little, J. Pritchett, X. Chen, C. Morris, D. See, S. Guy, T. Murray, D. Engle, H. Wetzel, and D. Wood. 2012. Registration of Cara Soft White Winter Club Wheat. J. Plant Registrations 7:81-88.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Mergoum, M. R.C. Frohberg, S. Simsek, T.B. Adhikari, J.W. Rasmussen, S. Zhong, M. Acevedo, M.S. Alamri, P.K. Singh, T.L. Friesen, and J.A. Anderson. 2012. Prosper: A New Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivar Combining High Yield and Good Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight, Leaf Diseases and Quality Attributes. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, A. Anderson-Scully and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 74). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Mergoum, M., R.C. Frohberg, R.W. Stack, S. Simsek, T.B. Adhikari, J.W. Rasmussen, M.S. Alamri, T.L. Friesen, and J. Anderson. 2013. Prosper: a high-yielding hard red spring wheat cultivar adapted to the north central plains of the USA. J. Plant Registrations 7:75-80.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Seda, B., R. Dill-Macky, S. Chao, and J. Anderson. 2012. QTL Mapping to Investigate Possible Inhibition of Fhb1. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, A. Anderson-Scully and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 45). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Spanic, V., J.A. Anderson, J. Kolmer, and M. Rouse. 2013. Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) and Stem Rust (P. graminis) Seedling Resistance Genes in Croatian Winter Wheat Genotypes. In Plant & Animal Genome XXI Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Tsilo, T.J., G. Nygard, K. Khan, S. Simsek, G.A. Hareland, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2013. Molecular genetic mapping of QTL associated with flour water absorption and farinograph related traits in bread wheat. Euphytica 194:293-302.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Tsilo, T.J., G.A. Hareland, J.-B. Ohm, and J.A. Anderson. 2013. Polymeric proteins and their association with grain yield in hard red spring wheat lines. Euphytica 194:187-196.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Tsilo, T.J., J.A. Kolmer, and J.A. Anderson. 2013. Molecular mapping and improvement of leaf rust resistance in wheat breeding lines. In: R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2013 Technical Workshop, (p. 13). New Dehli, India.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Turner, M.K., L.R. DeHaan, Y. Jin and J.A. Anderson. 2013. Wheatgrasswheat partial amphiploids as a novel source of stem rust and Fusarium head blight resistance. Crop Sci. 53:1994-2005.


Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to diseases and grain end-use quality. The State Variety Trial, which contained 30 released varieties, 7 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 3 experimental lines from other programs was grown at 14 locations in 2012. Fusarium-inoculated, misted nurseries were established at Crookston and St. Paul. Inoculated leaf rust nurseries were conducted at Crookston and St. Paul and a stem rust nursery was also conducted at St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the MAESs Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. One advanced experimental line, MN03196, was released as Norden in 2012. Norden has good straw strength, high test weight, average grain protein, and competitive grain yield in the northern regions of the state. Nordens good leaf rust resistance is due to genes other than Lr21. Varieties that contain gene Lr21, especially Faller and Prosper, are susceptible to leaf rust races that have increased since 2010. Members of our project were co-authors on research to map two genes, Sr28 and Sr42, that provide adult plant resistance to the Ug99 race of the stem rust fungus. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Principal Investigators/Project Directors James A Anderson, Principal Investigator 2. Project Personnel Roger Caspers, Research Plot Technician, assists with field and greenhouse research Susan Reynolds, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Catherine Springer, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Emily Conley, Junior Scientist, assists with DNA marker analysis Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS North Dakota State University South Dakota State University Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council Collaborators Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight inoculation Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of stem rust resistance Matt Rouse, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of stem rust resistance James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of leaf rust resistance Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites TARGET AUDIENCES: Wheat growers in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus reducing production costs. Recent project releases include RB07, Rollag (2011), Norden (2012), and co-release of NDSU-developed Prosper (2011). Publicly developed varieties accounted for an estimated 61% of wheat acres in 2012 (Minnesota Wheat Growers survey). More than 34% of the public share was varieties developed at the University of Minnesota. The testing of regionally adapated wheat varieties each year in statewide trials to assess their performance in yield nurseries and reactions to important diseases is critical information for growers to make informed choices regarding varieties. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. The Ug99-effective stem rust resistance genes Sr28 and Sr42 will help in the global battle to develop varieties with resistance to this fungus. Although this family of stem rust races is virulent on most hard red spring wheat varieties grown in the U.S., these races have been detected in only in Africa and the Middle East. We are conducting pre-emptive breeding to introgress genes for resistance into our germplasm.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G.L. Linkert, J.A. Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, J.V. Wiersma, G.A. Hareland, and R. H. Busch. 2012. Registration of Tom Wheat. J. Plant Registrations 6:180-185.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G.L. Linkert, J.A. Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, J.V. Wiersma, G.A. Hareland, and R. H. Busch. 2012. Registration of Sabin Wheat. J. Plant Registrations 6:174-179.
  • Morris, C.F., J.A. Anderson, G.E. King, A.D. Bettge, K. Garland-Campbell, R.E. Allan, E.P. Fuerst, and B. Beecher. 2011. Characterization of a Unique Super Soft Kernel Trait in Wheat. Cereal Chem. 88:576-583.
  • Nava, I.C., M.N. Rouse, S. Chao, Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson 2012. QTL influencing APR to leaf rust in a MN98550-5/MN99394-1 wheat mapping population. In: R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2012 Technical Workshop, (p. 141). Beijing, China.
  • Rouse, M.N., I.C. Nava, S. Chao, J.A. Anderson, and Y. Jin. 2012. Identification of markers linked to the race Ug99 effective stem rust resistance gene Sr28 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 125: 877-885.
  • Simons, K., J.A. Anderson, M. Mergoum, J.D. Faris, D.L. Klindworth, S.S. Xu, C. Sneller, J.-B. Ohm, G.A. Hareland, M.C. Edwards, and S. Chao. 2012. Genetic mapping analysis of bread-making quality traits in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 52:2182-2197.
  • Tsilo, T.J., M. Dilawari, S. Liu, R. P. Singh and J. A. Anderson. 2012. Genetics and mapping of stem rust resistance in winter wheat cv. MV Zelma. In: R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2012 Technical Workshop, (p. 136). Beijing, China.
  • Tsilo, T.J., S. Simsek, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson 2012. Genetic Mapping of QTL Associated with Flour Water Absorption and Farinogram Related Traits in Bread Wheat. In Plant & Animal Genome XIV Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Anderson, J.A. 2012. Breeding for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat. In: R. Brettel and J. Nicole (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Crown Rot of Wheat Workshop, Narrabri, Australia.
  • Habibollah, G., C.W. Hiebert, T. Zegeye, S. Liu, M. Dilawari, T. Tsilo, J.A. Anderson, M.N. Rouse, Y. Jin, and T. Fetch. 2012. Inheritance of resistance to Ug99 stem rust in wheat cultivar Norin 40 and genetic mapping of Sr42. Theor. Appl. Genet. 125:817-824.
  • Macharia, G., S. Chao and J. Anderson. 2012. A genome-wide SNP scan for QTL associated with adult plant rust resistances in East African bread wheat. In: R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2012 Technical Workshop, (p. 76). Beijing, China.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G. Linkert, S. Reynolds, and C. Springer. 2011. Wheat, Hard Red Winter. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G. Linkert, S. Reynolds, C. Springer, J. Kolmer, Y. Jin, R. Dill-Macky, J.V. Wiersma, and G. Hareland. 2011. Wheat, Hard Red Spring. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to diseases and grain end-use quality. The Variety Trial, which contained 30 released varieties, 11 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 4 experimental lines from other programs was grown at 12 locations in Minnesota. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston and St. Paul. A leaf and stem rust nursery was established at Crookston and St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries were summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Rollag wheat, experimental designation MN05214-3, was released in January 2011. Rollag has a unique combination of the highest available resistance to Fusarium head blight and excellent lodging resistance. We discovered of a new race of leaf rust that is virulent on gene Lr21 that is present in more than half of the wheat cultivars currently grown in the region. Toi Tsilo mapped a number of genes controlling various aspects of milling and baking properties of hard red spring wheat, as described in the publications listed below. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Principal Investigators/Project Directors James A Anderson, Principal Investigator 2. Project Personnel Gary Linkert, Scientist, coordinates field and greenhouse research Susan Reynolds, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Catherine Springer, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Roger Caspers, Research Plot Technician, assists with field and greenhouse research Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS North Dakota State University South Dakota State University Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council Collaborators Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight inoculation Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of stem rust resistance Matt Rouse, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of stem rust resistance James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation and mapping of leaf rust resistance Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites TARGET AUDIENCES: Wheat growers in Minnesota Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus reducing production costs. Varieties released by the MN AES were grown approximately 425,000 acres, representing more than 27% of Minnesota's wheat acreage in 2011. One Minnesota-released variety, RB07, was grown on 22% (354,000 acres) of Minnesota's wheat acreage and was the 4th leading variety in North Dakota with 7% (445,000 acres), and 2nd leading variety in South Dakota with 17% of the acreage (208,000 acres). In total, RB07 was grown on more than 1 million acres in 2011. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. The discovery of virulence to Lr21 is an important development that growers need to be aware of as they choose varieties and manage disease during the growing season. Breeders and pathologists will also need to use other genes to provided high levels of resistance. With the exception of the high molecular weight glutenins, little is known about genes influencing end-use quality that are segregating in spring wheat germplasm. The results of this research should position our program to more effectively select for high end-use quality.

Publications

  • Akhunov, E.D., A.R. Akhunova, O.D. Anderson, J.A. Anderson, N. Blake, M.T. Clegg, D. Coleman-Derr, E.J. Conley, C.C. Crossman, K.R. Deal, J. Dubcovsky, B.S. Gill, Y.Q. Gu, J. Hadam, H. Heo, N. Huo, G.R. Lazo, M.-C. Luo, Y.Q. Ma, D.E. Matthews, P.E. McGuire, P.L. Morrell, C.O. Qualset, J. Renfro, D. Tabanao, L.E. Talbert, C, Tian, D,M. Toleno, M.L. Warburton, F.M. You, W. Zhang, J. Dvorak. Nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes. 2010. BMC Genomics 11:702-723.
  • Anderson, J.A., K. Glover, and M. Mergoum. 2011. Successful adoption of spring wheat cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB by growers in the north central region. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, a. Anderson-Scully, D. Ellis and d. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2011 Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 3). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G. Linkert, S. Reynolds, and C. Springer. 2010. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G. Linkert, S. Reynolds, and C. Springer. 2010. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Choulet, F., T. Wicker, C. Rustenholz, E. Paux, J. Salse, P. Leroy, S. Schlub, M.C. Le Paslier, G. Magdelenat, C. Gonthier, A. Couloux, H. Budak, J. Breen, M.Pumphrey, S.X. Liu, X.Y. Kong, J.Z. Jia, M. Gut, D. Brunel, J.A. Anderson, B.S. Gill, R. Appels, B. Keller, and C. Feuillet. 2010. Megabase level sequencing reveals contrasted organization and evolution patterns of the wheat gene and transposable element spaces. Plant Cell 22:1040-4651.
  • Kolmer, J., J. Anderson. 2011. First detection in North America of virulence in wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) to seedling plants of wheat with Lr21. Plant Disease 95:1032.
  • Macharia, G., R.P. Singh, J. Anderson, S. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, S. Bhavani and S. Herrera-Foessel. 2011. Quantitative trait loci for adult plant resistance to wheat stem rust in cultivar K-Nyangumi. In R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2011 Technical Workshop, June 13-16, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. p. 187.
  • Seda, B., R Dill-Macky, S. Chao, and J. Anderson. 2011. Investigation of a potential inhibito of Fhb1 in hexaploid wheat. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, a. Anderson-Scully, D. Ellis and d. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2011 Fusarium Head Blight Forum (p. 49). East Lansing, MI/Lexington, KY: U.S. Wheat & Barley Scab Initiative.
  • Simsek, S., K.L. Whitney, J.-B. Ohm, J. Anderson, and M. Mergoum. 2011. Refrigerated dough quality: effect of environment and genotypes of hard red spring wheat. J Food Sci. 76:S101-S107.
  • Tsilo, T., G.A. Hareland, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2011. Genetic mapping and QTL analysis of flour color and milling yield related traits using recombinant inbred lines in hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci. 51:237-246.
  • Tsilo, T.J., G.L. Linkert, G,A. Hareland, and J.A. Anderson. 2011. Registration of the MN98550-5/MN99394-1 wheat recombinant inbred mapping population. J. Plant Registrations 5:257-260.
  • Tsilo, T.J., S. Simsek, J.-B. Ohm, G.A. Hareland, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2011. Quantitative trait loci influencing endosperm texture, dough-mixing strength, and bread-making properties of the hard red spring wheat breeding lines. Genome 54: 460-470.
  • Turner, M.K., J.A. Anderson, and Y. Jin. 2011. Wheat-wheatgrass hybrids as new sources of resistance to African and U.S. races of stem rust. In R. McIntosh (Ed.), Proceedings of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative 2011 Technical Workshop, June 13-16, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. p. 179


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and preharvest sprouting. The Variety Trial, which contained 30 released varieties, 10 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 4 experimental lines from other programs was grown at 12 locations in Minnesota. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A leaf and stem rust nursery was established at Crookston and St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries were summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Improved DNA markers linked to the high molecular weight glutenin genes, Glu-A1 and Glu-D1, which are important determinants of end-use quality, were published during this reporting period. Other outputs, including mapping leaf rust resistance gene Lr63, stem rust resistance gene Sr6, and grain quality QTL can be found in the publications list. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Principal Investigators/Project Directors James A Anderson, Principal Investigator 2. Project Personnel Gary Linkert, Scientist, coordinates field and greenhouse research Catherine Springer, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Susan Reynolds, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS North Dakota State University South Dakota State University Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council Collaborators Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight inoculation Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of stem rust resistance James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of leaf rust resistance Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites TARGET AUDIENCES: Wheat growers in Minnesota Wheat Industry Wheat Breeders and Researchers Plant Breeders PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus reducing production costs. Varieties released by the MN AES were grown approximately 364,000 acres, representing more than 30% of Minnesota's wheat acreage in 2009, up from 28% in 2009, and 18% in 2008. One Minnesota-released variety, RB07, was also grown on approximately 330,000 acres in North Dakota. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. DNA markers we developed for Fhb1, Glu-A1, and Glu-D1 are being widely used by other wheat breeders to assay for the presence of these genes.

Publications

  • Akhunov, E.C. Saintenac, J. Dubcovsky, J. Dvorak, M.C. Luo, P.S. Baenziger, V. Catana, R. Matnyazov, B. Bowden, D.R. Clark, L. Talbert, J.A. Anderson, S. Dreisigacker, K. Glover, J. Chen, K. Campbell, P.L. Bruckner, J.C. Rudd, S. Haley, B.F. Carver, R. Sims, M.E. Sorrells, and S. Chao. Genomic technologies and resources for wheat genetics and breeding. In N.I. Dzyubenko (Ed.), Abstracts of the 8th Intl. Wheat Conf., 2010 June 1-4, St. Petersburg, Russia. TopPrint printing house, St. Petersburg, Russia, p. 414-415.
  • Anderson, J.A., J.J. Wiersma, G. Linkert, S. Reynolds, and C. Springer. 2009. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Gale, L.R., R. Dill-Macky, J.A. Anderson, K.P. Smith, and H.C. Kistler. 2009. Aggressiveness and Mycotoxin Potential of U.S. Fusarium graminearum Populations in Field-Grown Wheat and Barley. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, J. Mundell, E. Walton, D. Ellis and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2009 Dec 7-9; Orlando, FL. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, p. 173.
  • Kolmer, J.A., J.A. Anderson, and J. Flor. 2010. Chromosome location, linkage with simple sequence repeat markers, and leaf rust resistance conditioned by gene Lr63 in wheat. Crop Sci. 50:2392-2395.
  • Liu, S L.-X. Yu, R.P. Singh, Y. Jin, M.E. Sorrells, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Diagnostic and co-dominant PCR markers for wheat stem rust resistance genes Sr25 and Sr26. Theor Appl. Genet. 120:691-697.
  • Long-Xi Yu, L-X, S. Liu, J.A. Anderson, R.P. Singh, Y. Jin, J. Dubcovsky, G. Brown-Guidera, S. Bhavani, A. Morgounov, Z. He, J. Huerta-Espino, M.E. Sorrells. 2010. Haplotype diversity of stem rust resistance loci in uncharacterized wheat lines. Mol. Breeding 26:667-680.
  • Mergoum, M. K.D. Glover, J.A. Anderson, D. Gigax, J. Berg, P.K. Singh, J.K. Ransom, and P.J. Isakson. 2010. Development and agronomic performance of transgenic roundup ready spring wheat in the North Central Plains of the United States. Agron J. 102:1462-1467.
  • Quirin, E.A, and J.A. Anderson. 2009. QTL Mapping of FHB Resistance Traits in the Japanese Wheat Landrace, PI 81791. In: S. Canty, A. Clark, J. Mundell, E. Walton, D. Ellis and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; 2009 Dec 7-9; Orlando, FL. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, p. 143.
  • Seda, B.F. J.X. Zhang, R.P. Singh, J.A. Kolmer, J. Huerta-Espino, Y. Jin, S. Chao, J.A. Anderson. 2010. Mapping Of A Novel Source Of Non-Race-Specific Leaf Rust Resistance In The CIMMYT Wheat Line Weebill 1. In Plant & Animal Genome XVIII Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Soria, M.A., J. Sherman, J.A. Anderson P.S. Baenziger, G. Bai, B. Berzonsky, G. Brown-Guedira, K. Campbell, B.F. Carver, S. Chao, A. Fritz, C. Griffey, S.D. Haley, J.W. Johnson, S.F. Kianian, K.K. Kidwell, D.E. Matthews, M. Mergoum, H. Ohm, J. Peterson, O. Riera-Lizarazu, J. Rudd, L. Talbert, M.E. Sorrells, E. Souza, L. Yan, R. Zemetra. 2010. WheatCAP Project: Creating Public Long-Term Tools And Capabilities For Wheat Improvement. In Plant & Animal Genome XVIII Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Talbert, L., M. Soria, J. Sherman, J. Anderson, P. Baenziger, W. Berzonsky, G. Brown-Guedira, K. Garland-Campbell, B. Carver, J. Chen, S. Chao, A. Fritz, C. Griffey, G. Bai, S. Haley, J. Johnson, S. Kianian, K. Kidwell, M. Mergoum, H. Ohm, C. Peterson, O. Riera-Lizarazu, J. Rudd, M. Sorrells, E. Souza, R. Zemetra, J. Dubcovsky. 2009. The WheatCAP Project: Genomics for Applied Plant Breeding. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Pittsburgh, PA.
  • Tsilo, T., G.A. Hareland, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Genetic analysis of dough mixing strength and bread-making properties of the hard red spring wheat lines MN98550 and MN99394. Combined congress-Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa, 2010 Jan. 18-21.
  • Tsilo, T., Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Identification of flanking markers for the stem rust resistance gene Sr6 in wheat. Crop Sci. 50:1967-1970.
  • Tsilo, T.J., G.A. Hareland, S. Simsek, S.M. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Genome mapping of kernel characteristics in hard red spring wheat breeding lines. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121:717-730.
  • Tsilo, T.J., J-B. Ohm, G.A. Hareland, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Association of size-exclusion HPLC of endosperm proteins with dough mixing and breadmaking characteristics in a recombinant inbred population of hard red spring wheat. Cereal Chem. 87:104-111.
  • Tsilo, T.J., J.-B. Ohm, G.A. Hareland, S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2010. Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing End-use Quality Traits of Hard Red Spring Wheat Breeding Lines. In N.I. Dzyubenko (Ed.), Abstracts of the 8th Intl. Wheat Conf., 2010 June 1-4, St. Petersburg, Russia. TopPrint printing house, St. Petersburg, Russia, p. 553.
  • Tsilo, T.J., S. Chao, G.A. Hareland, S. Simsek, and J.A. Anderson. 2009. Quantitative Trait Loci Influencing Grain Hardness in Hard Red Spring Wheat Breeding Lines MN98550 and MN99394. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Pittsburgh, PA.


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and preharvest sprouting. MN03358-4 (pedigree MN98389/MN97518) was released as 'Sabin' in 2009. Sabin has medium maturity and good scab resistance with a rating of 4 on our 1-9 scale. Grain yields of Sabin have consistently been above average with excellent performance in southern locations. Test weight, grain protein and height of Sabin are average and straw strength is below average. Sabin is resistant to prevalent races of stem rust and has moderate resistance to leaf rust and other leaf diseases. The Variety Trial, which contained 30 released varieties, 11 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 4 experimental lines from other programs and was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, St. Paul, Stephen, Waseca, and 3 on-farm locations in the Red River Valley. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A leaf and stem rust nursery was established at Crookston and St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Improved DNA markers linked to the Fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb1 were published during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Principal Investigators/Project Directors: James A Anderson, Principal Investigator. 2. Project Personnel: Gary Linkert, Scientist, coordinates field and greenhouse research, Catherine Springer, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research, Susan Reynolds, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research. 3. Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS, North Dakota State University, South Dakota State University, Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council. 4. Collaborators: Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis. Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight and tan spot evaluation. Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality. Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of stem rust resistance. James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of leaf rust resistance. Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences: Wheat growers in Minnesota. Efforts: Information was disseminated via print media in the form of annual publication of research results and presentations at summer field days and winter meetings. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus reducing production costs. Varieties released by the MN AES were grown on more than 28% of Minnesota's wheat acreage in 2009, up from 18% in 2008. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. The DNA markers for Fhb1 are being widely used by other wheat breeders to assay for the presence of this gene.

Publications

  • Yu, L.-X., Abate, Z., Anderson, J.A., Bansal, U.K., Bariana, H.S., Bhavani, S., Dubcovsky, J., Lagudah, E.S., Liu, S., Sambasivam, P.K., Singh, R.P., and Sorrells, M.E. 2009. Developing and Optimizing Markers for Stem Rust Resistance in Wheat. In Abstracts of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative Technical Workshop, Cd. Obregon, Sonora, Mexico.
  • Tsilo, T.J., Hareland, G.A., Chao, S., and Anderson, J.A. 2009. Genetic Mapping and QTL Analysis of Flour Color Using Recombinant Inbred Lines in Hard Red Spring Wheat. p. 895. In Proceedings of the Combined Congress - Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. (January 19-22, 2009).
  • Tsilo, T.J., Ohm, J-B., Hareland, G.A., and Anderson, J.A. Relationships of Polymeric Proteinswith Dough and Bread-making Quality in a Recombinant Inbred Population of Hard Red Spring Wheat. International Wheat Quality Conference, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (June 2-6, 2009)
  • Liu, S., Pumphrey, M.O., Gill, B.S., Trick, H.N., Zhang, J.X., Dolezel, J., Chalhoub, B., and Anderson, J.A. 2008. Toward positional cloning of Fhb1, a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Cereal Res. Commun. 36 Suppl. 6:195-201.
  • Luo, M.C., Deal, K.R., Akhunov, E.D., Akhunova, A.R., Anderson, O.D., Anderson, J.A., Blake, N., Clegg, M.T., Coleman-Derr, D., Conley, E.J., Crossman, C.C., Dubcovsky, J., Gill, B.S., Gu, Y.Q., Hadam, J., Heo, H.Y., Huo, N., Lazo, G., Ma, Y., Matthews, D.E., McGuire, P.E., Morrell, P.L., Qualset, C.O., Renfro, J., Tabanao, D., Talbert, L.E., Tian, C., Tolenoe, D.M., Warburton, M.L., You, F.M., Zhang, W., and Dvorak, J. 2009. Genome comparisons reveal a dominant mechanism of chromosome number reduction in grasses and accelerated genome evolution in Triticeae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106: 15780-15785.
  • Soria, M.A., Sherman, J., Anderson, J.A., Baenziger, P.S., Bai, G., Berzonsky, B., Brown-Guedira, G., Campbell, K., Carver, B.F., Dubcovsky, J., Fritz, A., Griffey, C.A., Haley, S.D., Johnson, J.W., Kianian, S.F., Kidwell, K.K., Matthews, D.E., Mergoum, M., Ohm, H., Peterson, J., Riera Lizarazu, O., Rudd, J., Talbert, L., Chao, S., Sorrells, M.E., Souza, E., and Zemetra, R. 2009. The WheatCAP Project Delivers Genomic Resources For Improved Wheat Breeding. In Plant & Animal Genome XVII Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Tsilo, T.J., Chao, S., Jin Y., and Anderson, J.A. Diagnostic SSR Markers for the Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr6 and their Validation for Molecular Breeding. 2009. In Proceedings of the Combined Congress - Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa. (January 19-22, 2009).
  • Tsilo, T.J., Chao, S., Jin Y., and Anderson, J.A. 2008. Identification and validation of SSR markers linked to the stem rust resistance gene Sr6 on the short arm of chromosome 2D in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118:515-524.
  • Anderson, J.A., Linkert, G.L., Busch, R.H., Wiersma, J.J., Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y., Dill-Macky, R., Wiersma, J.V., Hareland, G.A., and McVey, D.V. 2009. Registration of 'RB07' wheat. J. Plant Registrations 3:175-180.
  • Anderson, J.A., Wiersma, J.J., Linkert, G., Springer, C., and Reynolds, S. 2008. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., Liu, S., and Chao, S. 2009. Marker-Assisted Breeding to Improve Disease Resistance and Grain Quality in Wheat. In Abstracts of the International Plant Molecular Biology Conference, St. Louis, MO.
  • Buerstmayr, H., Ban, T., and Anderson, J. 2009. QTL mapping and marker assisted selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat - a review. Plant Breeding 128:1-26.


Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and preharvest sprouting. 'Tom' (MN01311-A-1) was released in 2008. Tom (97T-1003/Verde) has medium maturity, height, and straw strength. Tom has shown consistently high grain yields, especially in northern locations, moderate leaf rust resistance, and Fusarium head blight resistance comparable to the best high yielding sources of resistance available in the region. Tom has above average test weight and grain protein. Tom has moderate resistance to stem rust race Ug99 that is currently damaging wheat crops in Africa. The Variety Trial, which contained 26 released varieties, 11 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 6 experimental lines from other programs and was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A leaf and stem rust nursery was established at Crookston and St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. DNA markers linked to stem rust resistance genes Sr6 and high molecular weight glutenin genes Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 were discovered during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS North Dakota State University South Dakota State University Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council Collaborators: Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis. Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight and tan spot evaluation. Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality. Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of stem rust resistance. James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of leaf rust resistance. Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites. TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences: Wheat growers in Minnesota Efforts: Information was disseminated via print media in the form of annual publication of research results and presentations at summer field days and winter meetings. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus reducing production costs. Varieties released by the MN AES were grown on more than 18% of Minnesota's wheat acreage in 2008. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. The DNA markers for Sr6, Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 can be used by other wheat breeders to assay for the presence of these genes.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A, S. Chao, and S. Liu. 2007. Molecular breeding using a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Crop Sci. 47:S-112-S-119.
  • Tsilo, T.J., Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2008. Diagnostic microsatellite markers for the detection of stem rust resistance gene Sr36 in diverse genetic backgrounds of wheat. Crop Sci. 48:253-261.
  • Zhang, J.X., R.P. Singh, J.A. Kolmer, J. Huerta-Espino, Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2008. Genetics of leaf rust resistance in Brambling wheat. Plant Dis. 92:1111-1118.
  • Zhang, J.X., R.P. Singh, J.A. Kolmer, J. Huerta-Espino, Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2008. Inheritance of leaf rust resistance in the CIMMYT wheat Weebill 1. Crop Sci. 48:1037-1047.
  • Liu, S., S. Chao, and J.A. Anderson. 2008. New DNA markers for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in wheat. Theor. Appl. Genet. 118:177-183.
  • Soria, M.A, J. Sherman, P.S. Baenziger, G. Bai, B. Berzonsky, G. Brown-Guedira, K. Campbell, B.F. Carver, S. Chao, E. Elias, J. Dubcovsky, A. Fritz, C.A. Griffey, S.D. Haley, J.W. Johnson, S.F. Kianian, K.K. Kidwell, D.E. Matthews, M. Mergoum, H. Ohm, J. Peterson, O. Riera-Lizarazu, J. Rudd, J. Sherman, M.A Soria, L. Talbert, M.E. Sorrells, E. Souza, and R. Zemetra. 2008. WheatCAP: Empowering Wheat Farmers With New Breeding Technologies. In Plant & Animal Genome XVI Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Buerstmayr, H., T. Ban, and J.A. Anderson. 2008. QTL Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight, Szeged, Hungary. Cereal Res. Commun. 36 Suppl. 6:1-3.


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project are to 1) develop superior spring wheat cultivars; 2) genetically enhance spring wheat germplasm; and 3) Identify DNA markers associated with genes conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stem rust, and preharvest sprouting. Two spring wheat lines, MN99436-6 (named RB07) and MN00261-4, were released in 2007. RB07 is an early maturing, high yielding semidwarf wheat with moderately strong straw, excellent leaf rust resistance, and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. MN00261-4 was approved for exclusive licensing in 2007. MN00261-4 is a late semidwarf with moderately strong straw, high grain yields, and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight and prevalent races of leaf rust. The Variety Trial, which contained 34 released varieties, 11 University of Minnesota experimental lines, and 3 experimental lines from other programs and was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A tan spot-inoculated, misted, nursery and a leaf and stem rust nursery was established at St. Paul. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. DNA markers linked to stem rust resistance genes Sr9 and Sr36 were discovered during this reporting period. PARTICIPANTS: 1. Principal Investigators/Project Directors James A Anderson, Principal Investigator 2. Project Personnel Gary Linkert, Scientist, coordinates field and greenhouse research Catherine Springer, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Susan Reynolds, Assistant Scientist, assists with field and greenhouse research Partner Organizations: USDA-ARS North Dakota State University South Dakota State University Minnesota Wheat Research and Promotion Council Collaborators: Shiaoman Chao, USDA-ARS, Fargo, DNA marker analysis Ruth Dill-Macky Plant Pathology Department, Fusarium head blight and tan spot evaluation Gary Hareland, USDA-ARS, Fargo, evaluation of grain end-use quality Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of stem rust resistance James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, St. Paul, evaluation of leaf rust resistance Jochum Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight and coordination of research sites John Wiersma, Northwest Research and Outreach Center, oversight of Crookston research plots TARGET AUDIENCES: Target audiences: Wheat growers in Minnesota Efforts: Information was disseminated via print media in the form of annual publication of research results and presentations at summer field days and winter meetings.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits. The variety Oklee, released by the MN AES in 2003 was grown on more than 14% of Minnesota wheat acreage in 2007. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published. The DNA markers for Sr9 and Sr36 can be used by other wheat breeders to assay for the presence of these gene.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A., S. Liu, and S. Chao. 2007. Use of MAS for FHB resistance: Is it working for wheat breeders? In S.M. Canty, A. Clark, D. Ellis, and D. Van Sanford (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum; Dec 2-4, 2007; Kansas City, MO. Okemos, MI: ASAP Printing, Inc. p. 163.
  • Anderson, J.A., G. Linkert, C. Springer, and J.J. Wiersma. 2006. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., G. Linkert, C. Springer, and J.J. Wiersma. 2006. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., R.H. Busch, D.V. McVey, J.A. Kolmer, Y. Jin, G.L. Linkert, J.V. Wiersma, R. Dill-Macky, J.J. Wiersma, G.A. Hareland. 2007. Registration of Ada wheat. Crop Sci. 47:434-435.
  • Mergoum, M., P. K.Singh, S. Ali, E.M. Elias, J.A. Anderson, K.D. Glover, and T.B. Adhikari. 2007. Reaction of elite wheat genotypes from the northern Great Plains of North America to Septoria diseases. Plant Dis. 91:1310-1315.
  • Liu, S., M.O. Pumphrey, B.S. Gill, M.A. Campbell, J. Hamilton, C.R. Buell, X. Zhang, J. Dolezel, B. Chalhoub, J.A. Anderson. 2007. Sequence analysis of BACs spanning Fhb1, a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance on chromosome 3BS In Wheat. In Plant & Animal Genome XV Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Pumphrey, M.O., R. Bernardo, J.A. Anderson. 2007. Validating the Fhb1 QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in near-isogenic wheat lines developed from breeding populations. Crop Sci. 47:200-206.
  • Tsilo, T.J., Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2007. Microsatellite markers linked to stem rust resistance allele Sr9a in wheat. Crop Sci. 47: 2013-2020.
  • Anderson, J.A. 2007. Marker-assisted selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 119:51-53.
  • Zhang, X., J.A. Kolmer, J. Huerta-Espino, Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson. 2007. Identification of new slow rusting resistance genes in spring wheat Brambling. In Abstracts of the North American Wheat Workers Workshop, Saskatoon, Canada.
  • Tsilo, T.J., Y. Jin, and J.A. Anderson 2007. Identification and validation of molecular markers for the stem rust resistance gene Sr36 on chromosome 2BS in wheat In Abstracts of the North American Wheat Workers Workshop, Saskatoon, Canada.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
The objectives of this research are to i) develop improved spring wheat varieties and germplasm combining high grain yield, disease resistance, and end-use quality; and ii) provide performance data on spring and winter wheat varieties adapted to the state of Minnesota. Ada (MN95229-A) was released in 2006. Ada has good stability for grain yield, moderately strong straw and moderate resistance to leaf rust and Fusarium head blight. During the 2005/2006 crossing cycle, 352 crosses were made. The Variety Trial, which contained 27 released varieties and 13 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. During the 2006 growing season, 107 experimental lines were evaluated in replicated advanced yield trials at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A total of 276 preliminary yield trial lines were tested in unreplicated plots at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A Septoria-inoculated, misted, replicated nursery was established at Crookston. The disease nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists and pathologists at Crookston and Morris and with personnel from the Plant Pathology Department and the USDA-ARS. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Chao, S., Lazo, G.R., You, F, Crossman, C.C., Hummel, D.D., Lui, N., Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D., Anderson, J.A., Close, T.J., Dubcovsky, J., Gill, B.S., Gill, K.S., Gustafson, J.P., Kianian, S.F., Lapitan, N.L.V., Nguyen, H.T., Sorrells, M.E., McGuire, P.E., Qualset, C.O., and Anderson, O.D. 2006. Use of a large-scale Triticeae expressed sequence tag resource to reveal gene expression profiles in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genome 49:531-544.
  • Anderson, J.A., G. Linkert, G., and Wiersma, J.J. 2005. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., Linkert, G., and Wiersma, J.J. 2005. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Brady, L., Anderson, J., Smith K., and Chao, S. 2005. A cost-effective high throughput genotyping method. p. 18. In S.M. Canty, T. Boring, J. Wardwell, L. Siler, and R.W. Ward (eds.) Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Milwaukee, WI. Dec 11-13, 2005. Michigan State University, East Lansing.
  • Liu, S., Zhang, X., Pumphrey, M.O., Stack, R.W., Gill, B.S., and Anderson, J.A. 2005. New DNA markers for the chromosome 3BS fusarium head blight resistance QTL in wheat. p. 55. In S.M. Canty, T. Boring, J. Wardwell, L. Siler, and R.W. Ward (eds.), Proceedings of the National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Milwaukee, WI. Dec 11-13, 2005. Michigan State University, East Lansing.
  • Anderson, J., Liu, S., Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Dill-Macky, R., and Chao, S. 2006. Marker-assisted selection for FHB resistance in wheat. In CIMMYT Fusarium head blight workshop on the global Fusarium initiative for international collaboration. El Batan, Mexico.
  • Liu, S., Zhang, X., Pumphrey, M.O., Stack, R.W., Gill, B.S., and Anderson, J.A. 2006. Complex microcolinearity among wheat, rice and barley revealed by fine mapping of the genomic region harboring a major QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Funct. Integr. Genomics 6:83-89.
  • Anderson, J.A., Busch, R.H., McVey, D.V., Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y., Linkert, G.L., Wiersma, J.V., Dill-Macky, R., Wiersma, J.J., and Hareland, G.A. 2006. Registration of 'Ulen' wheat. Crop Sci. 46:979-980.


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
The objectives of this research are to i) develop improved spring wheat varieties and germplasm combining high grain yield, disease resistance, and end-use quality; and ii) provide performance data on spring and winter wheat varieties adapted to the state of Minnesota. Ulen (MN97803-A) was released in 2005. Ulen combines high grain yield and protein. During the 2004/2005 crossing cycle, 222 crosses were made. The Variety Trial, which contained 25 released varieties and 16 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. During the 2005 growing season, 54 experimental lines were evaluated in replicated advanced yield trials at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. A total of 269 preliminary yield trial lines were tested in unreplicated plots at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The 2005 winter nursery in New Zealand was used for generation advance of F3's and seed increase for preliminary yield trial lines. A Septoria-inoculated, misted, replicated nursery was established at Crookston. The disease nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists and pathologists at Crookston and Morris and with personnel from the Plant Pathology Department and the USDA-ARS. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A, R.H. Busch, D.V. McVey, J.A. Kolmer, G.L. Linkert, J.V. Wiersma, R. Dill-Macky, J.J. Wiersma, and G.A. Hareland. 2005. Registration of 'Oklee' wheat. Crop Sci. 45:784-78.
  • Fuentes-Granados, R.G., H.R. Mickelson, R.H. Busch, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, W.G. Thompson, J.V. Wiersma, W. Xie, Y. Dong, and J.A. Anderson. 2005. Resource allocation and cultivar stability in breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat. Crop Sci. 45:1965-1972.
  • Anderson, J.A., and J.A. Kolmer. 2005. Rust control in glyphosate tolerant wheat following application of the herbicide glyphosate. Plant Dis. 89:1136-1142.
  • Anderson, J. 2005. Enhancing Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat using breeding and DNA markers. Phytopathol. 95:S124.
  • Liu, Z.H., J.A. Anderson, J. Hu, T.L. Friesen, J.B. Rasmussen, and J.D. Faris. 2005. A wheat intervarietal genetic linkage map based on microsatellite and target region amplified polymorphism markers and its utility for detecting quantitative trait loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 111:782-794.


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
The objectives of this research are to i) develop improved spring wheat varieties and germplasm combining high grain yield, disease resistance, and end-use quality; and ii) provide performance data on spring and winter wheat varieties adapted to the state of Minnesota. During the 2003/2004 crossing cycle, 275 crosses were made. A separate backcrossing program, funded by USDA-IFAFS, is used to transfer genes for scab, barley yellow dwarf virus, and leaf rust resistance, and improved bread-making quality into several elite lines. Starting in 2004, we tested lines for one additional season before they are entered into preliminary yield trials. A total of 1,129 F6 generation lines were screened for FHB reaction in the field, grain quality, leaf rust resistance, and agronomic traits. Selections from these F6 lines will be entered into preliminary yield trials the following year. The 2004 winter nursery in New Zealand was used for generation advance of F3's. During the 2004 growing season, 140 experimental lines were evaluated in replicated advanced yield trials at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 25 released varieties and 14 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. Tan spot and Septoria-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at St. Paul and Crookston, respectively. These nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists and pathologists at Crookston and Morris and with personnel from the Plant Pathology Department. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Munkvold, J.D., R.A. Greene, C.E. Bermudez-Kandianis, C.M. La Rota, H. Edwards, S.F. Sorrells,T. Dake, D. Benscher, R. Kantety, A.M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, Miftahudin, J.P.Gustafson, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, D.E. Matthews, S. Chao, G.R. Lazo, D.D. Hummel, O.D. Anderson, J.A. Anderson, J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, J.H. Peng, N. Lapitan, L.L. Qi, B. Echalier, B.S. Gill, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, D. Sandhu, M. Erayman, K.S. Gill, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and M.E. Sorrells. 2004. Group 3 chromosome bin maps of wheat and their relationship to rice chromosome 1. Genetics 168:639-650.
  • Peng, J.H., H. Zadeh, G.R. Lazo, J.P.Gustafson, S. Chao, O.D. Anderson, L.L. Qi, B. Echalier, B.S. Gill, M. Dilbirligi, D. Sandhu, K.S. Gill, R.A. Greene, M.E. Sorrells, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, A.M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, A. A. Mahmoud, Miftahudin, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and N.L.V. Lapitan. 2004. Chromosome bin map of expressed sequence tags in homoeologous group 1 of hexaploid wheat and homoeology with rice and Arabidopsis. Genetics 168 609-623. Qi, L.L., B. Echalier, S. Chao, G.R. Lazo, G.E. Butler, O.D. Anderson, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, A.M. Linkiewicz, A. Ratnasiri, J. Dubcovsky, C.E. Bermudez-Kandianis, R.A. Greene, R. Kantety, C.M. La Rota, J.D. Munkvold, S.F. Sorrells, M.E. Sorrells, M. Dilbirligi, D. Sidhu, M. Erayman, H. S. Randhawa, D. Sandhu, S.N. Bondareva, K.S. Gill, A. A. Mahmoud, X.-F. Ma, Miftahudin, J.P.Gustafson, E.J. Conley, V. Nduati, J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, J.A. Anderso
  • Randhawa, H. S., M. Dilbirligi, D. Sidhu, M. Erayman, D. Sandhu, S. Bondareva, S. Chao, G.R. Lazo, O.D. Anderson, Miftahudin, J.P.Gustafson, B. Echalier, L.L. Qi, B.S. Gill, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, A.M. Linkiewicz, A. Ratnasiri, J. Dubcovsky, C.E. Bermudez-Kandianis, R.A. Greene, M.E. Sorrells, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, T. R. Endo, T.J. Close, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and K.S. Gill. 2004. Deletion mapping of homoeologous group 6-specific wheat ESTs. Genetics 168:677-686.
  • Liu, S., and J.A. Anderson. 2004. Complex microsynteny among wheat, rice, and barley at the Qfhs.ndsu-3BS region. In Plant & Animal Genome XII Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Liu, S., M.O. Pumphrey, X. Zhang, R.W. Stack, B.S. Gill and J.A. Anderson. 2004. Towards Map-Based Cloning of the Qfhs.ndsu-3BS QTL that Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat. p. 98 In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Fusarium Head Blight; incorporating the 8th European Fusarium Seminar, Orlando, FL, USA, ed. by S.M. Canty et al., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
  • Anderson, J.A., G. Linkert, and R. Fuentes. 2004. Hard Red Spring Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Anderson, J.A., G. Linkert, and R. Fuentes. 2004. Winter Wheat. In Minnesota Varietal Trials Results, University of Minnesota Extension Service.
  • Peel, M.D., J.A. Anderson, J.B. Rasmussen, J.D. Miller, T.C. Olsen, and G.W. Johnson. 2004. Registration of 'Jerry' wheat. Crop Sci. 44: 1026-1027. Conley, E.J., V. Nduati, J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, A. Mesfin, M. Trudeau-Spanjers, S. Chao, G.R. Lazo, D.D. Hummel, O.D. Anderson, L.L. Qi, B.S. Gill, B. Echalier, A.M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, X.-F. Ma, Miftahudin, J.P.Gustafson, R.A. Greene, M.E. Sorrells, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, D. Sidhu, M. Dilbirligi, K.S. Gill, D. W. Choi, R.D. Fenton, T.J. Close, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and J.A. Anderson. 2004. A 2600-locus chromosome bin map of wheat homoeologous group 2 reveals interstitial gene-rich islands and colinearity with rice. Genetics 168:625-637.
  • Hossain, K.G., V. Kalavacharla, G.R. Lazo, J. Hegstad, M.J. Wentz, K. Simons, S. Gehlhar, J.L. Rust, R.R. Syamala, K. Obeori, B. Suresh, P. Karunadharma, S. Chao, O.D. Anderson, L.L. Qi, B. Echalier, B.S. Gill, A.M. Linkiewicz, A. Ratnasiri, J. Dubcovsky, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, Miftahudin, K. Ross, J.P.Gustafson, D. Sidhu, M. Dilbirligi, K.S. Gill, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, R.A. Greene, C.E. Bermudez-Kandianis, M.E. Sorrells, O. Feril, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, J.L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, D. Fenton, T.J. Close, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and S.F. Kianian. 2004. A chromosome bin map of 2148 EST loci of wheat homoeologous group 7. Genetics 168:687-699.
  • Lazo, G.R., S. Chao, D.D. Hummel, H. Edwards, C.C. Crossman, N. Lui, D.E. Matthews, V.L. Carollo, D.L. Hane, F.M. You, G.E. Butler, R.E. Miller, T.J. Close, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, J.P.Gustafson, L.L. Qi, B. Echalier, B.S. Gill, M. Dilbirligi, D. Sandhu, K.S. Gill, R.A. Greene, M.E. Sorrells, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, A.M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, A. A. Mahmoud, Miftahudin, X.-F. Ma, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and O.D. Anderson. 2004. Development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): EST generation, unigene analysis, probe selection, and bioinformatics for a 16,000-locus bin-delineated map. Genetics 168:585-593.
  • Linkiewicz, A.M., L.L. Qi, B.S. Gill, A. Ratnasiri, B. Echalier, S. Chao, G.R. Lazo, D.D. Hummel, O.D. Anderson, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, M.S. Pathan, H.T. Nguyen, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, Miftahudin, J.P.Gustafson, C.M. La Rota, M.E. Sorrells, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, D. Sandhu, S.N. Bondareva, K.S. Gill, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, R.D. Fenton, T.J. Close, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, and J. Dubcovsky. 2004. A 2500-locus bin map of wheat homoeologous group 5 provides new insights on gene distribution and colinearity with rice. Genetics 168:665-676.
  • Miftahudin, K. Ross, X.-F. Ma, A. A. Mahmoud, J. Layton, M. Rodriguez, T. Chikmawati, J. Ramalingam, O. Feril, M.S. Pathan, G. Surlan Momirovic, S. Kim, K. Chema, P. Fang, L. Haule, H. Struxness, J. Birkes, C. Yaghoubian, R. Skinner, J. McAllister, V. Nguyen, L.L. Qi, B.S. Gill, A.M. Linkiewicz, J. Dubcovsky, E.D. Akhunov, J. Dvorak, M. Dilbirligi, K.S. Gill, J.H. Peng, N.L.V. Lapitan, C.E. Bermudez-Kandianis, M.E. Sorrells, K.G. Hossain, V. Kalavacharla, S.F. Kianian, G.R. Lazo, S. Chao, O.D. Anderson, J. Gonzalez-Hernandez, E.J. Conley, J.A. Anderson, D.-W. Choi, R.D. Fenton, T.J. Close, P.E. McGuire, C.O. Qualset, H.T. Nguyen, and J.P. Gustafson. 2004. Analysis of EST loci on wheat chromosome group 4. Genetics 168:651-663.


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
The objectives of this research are to i) develop improved varieties and germplasm combining high grain yield, disease resistance, and end-use quality; and ii) provide performance data on wheat varieties adapted to the state of Minnesota. During the 2002/2003 crossing cycle, 286 crosses were made. This is in addition to a new backcrossing program, funded by USDA-IFAFS, to transfer genes for scab, barley yellow dwarf virus, and leaf rust resistance, and improved bread-making quality into several elite lines. A total of 1,622 lines that were candidates for entry into 2003 preliminary yield trials, 1,699 purification rows, one small-scale seed increase, and 17,696 F3 seeds were planted in the 2003 winter nursery in New Zealand for seed increase. During the 2003 growing season, 385 and 161 experimental lines were evaluated in preliminary and replicated advanced yield trials, respectively. Advanced and preliminary yield trials were grown at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 23 released varieties and 8 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. Tan spot and Septoria-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at St. Paul and Crookston, respectively. These nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists and pathologists at Crookston and Morris and with personnel from the Plant Pathology Department. Data from the yield and scab nurseries are summarized and published in Prairie Grains and the U of M Extension Service's Minnesota Varietal Trials Results. The variety 'Oklee' (experimental designation MN95002 and MN95002-A) was released in 2003. Oklee has good yield, test weight and grain protein and has a moderate reaction to Fusarium head blight, similar to 2375. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Liu, S and JA Anderson. 2003. Marker assisted evaluation of Fusarium head blight resistant wheat germplasm. Crop Sci., 43:760-766.
  • Akhunov, ED, AW Goodyear, S Geng, LL Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, G Lazo, SM Chao, OD Anderson, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, M La Rota, ME Sorrells, DS Zhang, HT Nguyen, V Kalavacharla, K Hossain, SF Kianian, JH Peng, NLV Lapitan, JL Gonzalez-Hernandez, JA Anderson, DW Choi, TJ Close, M Dilbirligi, KS Gill, MK Walker-Simmons, C Steber, PE McGuire, CO Qualset, J Dvorak. 2003. The organization and rate of evolution of wheat genomes are correlated with recombination rates along chromosome arms. Genome Research 13:753-763.
  • Sorrells, ME, ML Rota, CE Bermudez-Kandianis, RA Greene, R Kantety, JD Munkvold, Miftahudin, A Mahmoud, X Ma, PJ Gustafson, LL Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, DE Matthews, GR Lazo, S Chao, OD Anderson, H Edwards, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, ED Akhunov, J Dvorak, D Zhang, HT Nguyen, J Peng, NLV Lapitan, JL Gonzalez-Hernandez, JA Anderson, K Hossain, V Kalavacharla, SF Kianian, D-W Choi, TJ Close, M Dilbirligi, KS Gill, C Steber, MK Walker-Simmons, PE McGuire, CO Qualset. 2003. Comparative DNA sequence analysis of wheat and rice genomes. Genome Research 13:1818-1827.
  • Liu, S and JA Anderson. 2003. Targeted molecular mapping of a major wheat QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance using wheat ESTs and synteny with rice. Genome 46:817-823.
  • Linkiewicz, AM, L Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, S Chao, GR Lazo, OD Anderson, ED Akhunov, J Dvorak, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, CM La Rota, ME Sorrells, K Hossain, V Kalavacharla, SF Kianian, M Dilbirligi, KS Gil, D Zhang, HT Nguyen, E Wennerlind, J Peng, N Lapitan, JA Anderson, RD Fenton, TJ Close, PE McGuire, CO Qualset, J Dubcovsky. 2003. A two thousand loci physical map of wheat homoeologous group 5. pp. 986-988 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.
  • Peng, J, H Zadeh, G Lazo, L Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, S Chao, OD Anderson, D Sandhu, KS Gill, RA Greene, ME Sorrells, ED Akhunov, J Dvorak, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, K Hossain, SF Kianian, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, E Wennerlind, JA Anderson, MS Pathan, HT Nguyen, PE McGuire, CO Qualset, NLV Lapitan. 2003. A physical map of expressed sequence tags and functional genomics in the group 1 chromosomes of wheat Triticum aestivum. pp. 1035-1037 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.
  • Liu, S, MO Pumphrey, and JA Anderson. 2003. Fine mapping of a major wheat QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance. pp. 368-371 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.
  • Pumphrey, MO, and JA Anderson. 2003. QTL validation via systematic development of near-isogenic wheat lines from existing breeding populations. pp. 1227-1229 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.
  • Liu, S, and JA Anderson. 2003. Complex microsynteny amon wheat, rice and barley at the Qfhs.ndsu-3BS region. p. 24 in Proceedings of The 2003 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Fuentes-Granados, RG, HR Mickelson, RH Busch, R Dill-Macky, CK Evans, WG Thompson, JV Wiersma, W Xie, Y Dong, JA Anderson. 2003. Resource allocation and cultivar stability in breeding for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat. pp. 251-254 in Proceedings of The 2003 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • ED Akhunov, AR Akhunov, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, D Hummel, GR Lazo, S Chao, OD Anderson, J David, L Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, M La Rota, ME Sorrells, D Zhang, HT Nguyen, V Kalavacharla, K Hossain, SF Kianian, J Peng, NLV Lapitan, EJ Wennerlind, V Nduati, JA Anderson, D Sidhu, KS Gill, PE McGuire, CO Qualset, J Dvorak. 2003. Synteny perturbations between wheat homoeologous chromosomes caused by locus duplications and deletions correlate with recombination rates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 10836-10841.
  • Anderson, JA 2003. Plant genomics and its impact on wheat breeding. In J. Newbury (ed.) Plant Molecular Breeding, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, FL.
  • Liu, S, and JA Anderson. 2003. Targeted saturation mapping of a wheat QTL using ESTs and synteny with rice. Page 165 in Plant & Animal Genome XI Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Anderson, OD, JA Anderson,TJ Close, J Dubcovsky, J Dvorak, BS Gill, KS Gill, JP Gustafson, SF Kianian, N Lapitan, H Nguyen, M Sorrells, CM Steber, PE McGuire, and CO Qualset. 2003. Bin-mapping in wheat: toward a physical map of wheat using ESTs and deletion stocks. Page 84 in Plant & Animal Genome XI Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Peng, J, H Zadeh, L Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, S Chao, GR Lazo, OD Anderson, ED Akhunov, J Dvorak, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, T Dake, ME Sorrells, K Hossain, V Kalavacharla, SF Kianian, M Dilbirligi, KS Gill, D Zhang, HT Nguyen, E Wennerlind, JA Anderson, RD Fenton, TJ Close, PE McGuire, CO Qualset, N Lapitan. 2003. Deletion mapping of expressed sequence tags and functional genomics in the group 1 chromosomes of wheat, Triticum aestivum. Page 164 in Plant & Animal Genome XI Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • Gill, BS, L Qi, B Echalier, S Chao, G Lazo, OD Anderson, ED Akhunov, J Dvorak, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, CE Bermudez-Kandianis, RA Greene, M La Rota, ME Sorrells, M Dilbirligi, D Sidhu, M Eryman, KS Gill, Miftahudin, X Ma, A Mahmoud, JP Gustafson, EJ Wennerlind, V Nduati, JL Gonzalez-Hernandez, JA Anderson, J Peng, NLV, Lapitan, DW Choi, TJ Close, PE McGuire, CO Qualset. 2003. A transcriptome map of wheat. pp. 261-268 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.
  • Dvorak, J ED Akhunov, AR Akhunov, M-C Luo, AM Linkiewicz, J Dubcovsky, D Hummel, GR Lazo, S Chao, OD Anderson, J David, L-L Qi, B Echalier, BS Gill, Miftahudin, JP Gustafson, M La Rota, ME Sorrells, D Zhang, HT Nguyen, V Kalavacharla, K Hossain, SF Kianian, JH Peng, NLV. Lapitan, EJ Wennerlind, V Nduati, JA Anderson, D Sidhu, KS Gill, D-W Choi, TJ Clonse, PE McGuire, CO Qualset. 2003. New insights into the organization and evolution of the wheat genomes. pp. 247-253 in Proceedings of the 10th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Paestum, edited by N.E. Pogna et al.. S.I.M.I, Rome, Italy.


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
During the 2001/2002 crossing cycle, 352 crosses were made. About one-half of these crosses were backcrosses for incorporation of leaf rust and Fusarium head blight resistance, and high protein content genes into advanced Minnesota experimental lines and recent releases. Seed from 2,775 lines were increased in the 2002 winter nursery in New Zealand. A total of 15,001 F3 seeds were planted in New Zealand in the Fall of 2001 for generation advance by single seed descent. During the 2002 growing season, 393 and 136 experimental lines were evaluated in preliminary and advanced yield trials, respectively. The preliminary and advanced yield trials were grown at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 23 released varieties and 9 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted nurseries were established at Crookston and St. Paul. These nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists at Crookston, and personnel from the Plant Pathology Department. A total of 2,153 breeding lines were tested for scab resistance in the greenhouse during the past year. Most of these materials were experimental lines in addition to potential new scab resistance sources, and early generation materials from crosses involving scab resistance sources. Two advanced experimental lines, MN95002-A and MN97803-A were increased in 2002 for possible future release.. MN95002-A is high yielding with high grain protein and test weight and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A., S. Liu, M.O. Pumphrey, and E.J. Wennerlind. 2001. Mapping and Marker-Assisted Selection of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Genes in Wheat. in Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight, edited by G. Fedak, Ottawa, Canada.
  • Bowen, D.E, S. Liu, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, and J.A. Anderson. 2002. Mapping Fusarium head blight QTL in Chinese wheat line Fujian 5114. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Indianapolis, IN.
  • Pumphrey, M.O., and J.A. Anderson. 2002. Development and characterization of wheat lines near isogenic for a Fusarium head blight QTL. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Indianapolis, IN.
  • Bowen, D.E, S. Liu, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, and J.A. Anderson. 2002. Mapping Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in the Chinese wheat line Fujian 5114. p. 21 in Proceedings of the 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Pumphrey, M.O., and J.A. Anderson. 2002. Phenotypic effects of Qfhs.ndsu-3BS on Fusarium head blight resistance in near-isogenic wheat lines. p. 255 in Proceedings of the 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Garvin, D.F., and J.A. Anderson. 2002. A historical analysis of the uniform regional scab nursery for spring wheat parents. p. 235 in Proceedings of the 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Liu, S., and J.A. Anderson. 2002. Targeted saturation mapping of Qfhs.ndsu-3BS using wheat ESTs and synteny with the rice genome. p. 32 in Proceedings of The 2002 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
During the 2000/2001 crossing cycle, 455 crosses were made. Most of these crosses involved elite germplasm from the University of Minnesota spring wheat breeding program and sources of scab resistance. A total of 2,772 lines were under small-scale increase in the 2000/2001 winter nursery in Arizona or New Zealand. A total of 15,613 F3 seeds were planted in New Zealand in the Fall of 2000 for generation advance by single seed descent. During the 2001 growing season, 382 and 110 experimental lines were evaluated in preliminary and advanced yield trials, respectively. The preliminary yield trials were grown at both Crookston and Morris. The advanced yield trials were grown at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 28 released varieties and 8 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted nurseries were established at Crookston (all lines in yield trials), Morris (lines in advanced yield trials only), and St. Paul (all lines in yield trials). These nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists at Crookston and Morris, and personnel from the Plant Pathology Department. Approximately 1,290 breeding lines were tested for scab resistance in the greenhouse during the past year. Most of these materials were experimental lines in addition to potential new scab resistance sources from China and elsewhere. One advanced experimental line, MN95002, is currently being increased. This line is high yielding with high grain protein and test weight and moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight. Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Research results are presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Impacts
Expected economic impacts include improved return per acre for wheat producers, and greater economic stability for regions of the state that grow wheat. Wheat varieties with improved disease resistance should reduce the use of fungicides, thus resulting in potential environmental benefits.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A., R.W. Stack, S. Liu, B.L. Waldron, A.D. Fjeld, C. Coyne, B. Moreno-Sevilla, J. Mitchell Fetch, Q.J. Song, P.B. Cregan, and R.C. Frohberg. 2001. DNA markers for Fusarium head blight resistance QTLs in two wheat populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 102:1164-1168.
  • Chee, P.W., E.M. Elias, J.A. Anderson, and S.F. Kianian. 2001. Evaluation of a high grain protein QTL from Triticum dicoccoides in an adapted durum wheat background. Crop Sci. 41:295-301.
  • Anderson, J.A., G.W. Johnson, D.J. Cox, W. Moore, J.D. Miller, J.B. Rasmussen, and L.J. Francl. 2001. Registration of 'Ransom' wheat. Crop Sci. 41:594-595.
  • Effertz, R.J., J.A. Anderson, J.G. Jordahl, and L.J. Francl. 2001. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping of resistance to two races of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in adult and seedling wheat. Phytopathol. 91:572-578.
  • Kolb, F.L., G.-H. Bai, G.J. Muehlbauer, J.A. Anderson, K.P. Smith, and G. Fedak. 2001. Host plant resistance genes for Fusarium head blight: mapping and manipulation with molecular markers. Crop Sci. 41:611-619.
  • Van Sanford, D., J. Anderson, K. Campbell, J. Costa, P. Cregan, C. Griffey, P. Hayes, and R. Ward. 2001. Discovery and deployment of molecular markers linked to FHB resistance: An integrated system for wheat and barley. Crop Sci. 41:638-644.
  • Campbell, K.G., C.J. Bergman, D.G. Gualberto, J.A. Anderson, M.J. Giroux, M.E. Sorrells, and P.L. Finney. 2001. Quantitative trait loci associated with milling and baking traits in a soft x hard wheat cross. Crop Sci. 41:1275-1285.
  • Busch, R.H., D.V. McVey, G.L. Linkert, J.A. Anderson, J.V. Wiersma, R. Dill-Macky, and G.A. Hareland. 2001. Registration of 'McVey' wheat. Crop Sci. 41:926-927.
  • Demeke, T. C.F. Morris, K.G. Campbell, G.E. King, J.A. Anderson, and H.-G. Chang. 2001. Wheat polyphenol oxidase: distribution and genetic mapping in three inbred line populations. Crop Sci. 41:1750-1757.
  • Liu, S., J.A. Anderson, R.W. Stack, and R.C. Frohberg. 2001. Validation of a major QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Page 167 in Plant & Animal Genome IX Abstracts, San Diego, CA.
  • McGowan, K.L., S. Liu, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, and J.A. Anderson. 2001. Mapping of Fusarium head blight QTL in the wheat line Wuhan 3. In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Charlotte, NC.
  • Pumphrey, M.O., and J.A. Anderson. 2001. Development and characterization of wheat lines near isogenic for a Fusarium head blight QTL. p. 271 in Proceedings of the 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Bowen, D.E, S. Liu, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, and J.A. Anderson. 2001. Mapping of Fusarium head blight QTL in the Chinese wheat line Fujian 5114. p. 175 in Proceedings of the 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Liu, S., and J.A. Anderson. 2001. Characterization of wheat germplasm for SSR marker alleles near the Fusarium head blight resistance QTL on chromosome 3BS. p. 192 in Proceedings of the 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • McGowan, K.L., S. Liu, R. Dill-Macky, C.K. Evans, and J.A. Anderson. 2001. Mapping of Fusarium head blight QTL in the wheat line Wuhan3. p. 193 in Proceedings of the 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Anderson, J.A. 2001. Variety development and uniform nurseries: progress in FHB resistance in hard spring wheat. p. 225 in Proceedings of the 2001 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by S. Canty et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
During the 1999/2000 crossing cycle, 344 crosses were made. Most of these crosses involved elite germplasm from the U of M HRS breeding program and sources of scab resistance. A total of 2,829 lines were under small scale increase (8 ft. rows) in the 1999/2000 winter nursery in Arizona. A total of 17,000 F3 seeds were planted in New Zealand in the Fall of 1999 for generation advance by single seed descent. During the 2000 growing season, 300 and 110 experimental lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary and advanced yield trials, respectively. The preliminary yield trials were grown at both Crookston and St. Paul. The advanced yield trials were grown at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 24 released varieties and 10 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston (all lines in yield trials), Morris (lines in advanced yield trials only), and St. Paul (all lines in yield trials). These nurseries involve collaboration with agronomists at Crookston and Morris, and personnel from the Plant Pathology Department. Approximately 1,900 lines were tested for scab resistance in the greenhouse during the past year. Most of these materials were experimental lines in addition to potential new scab resistance sources from China and elsewhere, and materials for genetic studies.

Impacts
Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Publications

  • Anderson, J.A., Liu, S., Pumphrey, M.O., Gonzalez-Hernandez, J.L., and Wennerlind, E.J. 2000. A protocol for marker-assisted selection of a Fusarium head blight resistance gene derived from Sumai 3. pp. 239-243 in Proceedings of The 2000 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by R.W. Ward et al., Kinko's, Okemos, MI.
  • Anderson, J.A. 2000. Marker-assisted breeding of wheat. p. 114 In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Liu, S., Anderson, J.A., Stack, R.W., and Frohberg, R.C. 2000. Microsatellite markers for a major Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in two wheat populations. p. 186 In Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Minneapolis, MN.
  • Allan, R.E., Morris, C.F., Line, R.F., Anderson, J.A., Walker-Simmons, M.K., and Donaldson, E. 2000. Registration of 'Coda' club wheat. Crop Sci. 40:578-579.
  • Anderson, J.A., Waldron, B.L., Moreno-Sevilla, B., Stack, R.W., and Frohberg, R.C. 2000. DNA markers for Fusarium head blight resistance QTLs in two wheat populations. pp. 105-110 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wheat Improvement for Scab Resistance, edited by W.J. Raupp, Z. Ma, P. Chen, and D. Liu, KSU Printing Services, Manhattan, KS.
  • Hu, C.C., Dill-Macky, R., Anderson, J.A., and Busch, R.H. 2000. Screening for scab resistance of wheat in the greenhouse. pp. 180-183 in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wheat Improvement for Scab Resistance, edited by W.J. Raupp, Z. Ma, P. Chen, and D. Liu, KSU Printing Services, Manhattan, KS.
  • Anderson, J.A. 2000. Marker-assisted selection of disease resistance genes in wheat. pp. 71-84 in Application of Biotechnologies to Wheat Breeding, Proceedings of a conference at La Estanzuela, Uruguay, November 19-20, 1998. edited by M. M. Kohli and M. Francis. Montevideo, Uruguay: CIMMYT.


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
During the 1998/99 crossing cycle, 317 crosses were made. Most of these crosses involved elite germplasm from the U of M HRS breeding program and sources of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. A total of 1,980 lines were under small scale increase (8 ft. rows) in the 1998/99 winter nursery in California. A total of 17,000 F3 seeds were planted in New Zealand in the Fall of 1998 for generation advance by single seed descent. During the 1999 growing season, 439 and 140 experimental lines were evaluated in replicated preliminary and advanced yield trials, respectively. The preliminary yield trials were grown at both Crookston and St. Paul. The advanced yield trials were grown at Crookston, Morris, and St. Paul. The Variety Trial, which contained 31 released varieties and 2 University of Minnesota experimental lines was grown at Crookston, Lamberton, Morris, Roseau, St. Paul, Stephen, and Waseca. Fusarium head blight-inoculated, misted, replicated nurseries were established at Crookston (all lines in yield trials), Morris (lines in advanced yield trials only), and St. Paul (all lines in yield trials). 1999 was the first year that an inoculated, misted nursery for large-scale evaluation of wheat breeding lines was established at Crookston. Approximately 2,500 lines were tested for FHB resistance in the greenhouse during the past year. Most of these materials were experimental lines, but also included potential new resistance sources from China and elsewhere, and materials for genetic studies. 'McVey' (MN93413) was released in 1999. Developed under the project leadership of Dr. Robert Busch, McVey has shown high yield levels, even in the presence of Fusarium head blight.

Impacts
Experimental lines that show improvement over currently available varieties are recommended for release as public varieties. Improved germplasm is shared with other breeding programs in the region. Scientific information related to efficiency of breeding for particular criteria is presented at local, regional, national, and international meetings and published.

Publications

  • Devos, K.M., Sorrells, M.E., Anderson, J.A., Miller, T.E., Reader, S.M., Lukaszewski, A.J., Dubcovsky, J., Sharp, P.J., Faris, J., and Gale, M.D. 1999. Chromosome aberrations in wheat nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines. Cereal Res. Comm. 27:231-239.
  • Udall, J.A., Souza, E., Anderson, J., Sorrells, M.E., and Zemetra, R.S. 1999. Quantitative trait loci for flour viscosity in winter wheat. Crop Sci. 39:238-242.
  • Mesfin, A., Frohberg, R.C., and Anderson, J.A. 1999. RFLP markers associated with high grain protein from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides introgressed into hard red spring wheat. Crop Sci. 39:508-513.
  • Anderson, J.A., Effertz, R.J., Faris, J.D., Francl., L.J., Meinhardt, S.W., and Gill, B.S. 1999. Genetic analysis of sensitivity to a Pyrenophora tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin in durum and common wheat. Phytopathology 89:293-297.
  • Waldron, B.L., Moreno-Sevilla, B., Anderson, J.A., Stack, R.W., and Frohberg, R.C. 1999. RFLP mapping of QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Crop Sci. 39:805-811.
  • Campbell, K.G., Bergman, C.J., Gualberto, D.G., Anderson, J.A., Giroux, M.J., Hareland, G., Fulcher, R.G., Sorrells, M.E., and Finney, P.L. 1999. Quantitative trait loci associated with kernel traits in a soft x hard wheat cross. Crop Sci. 39:1184-1195.
  • Carter, B.P., Morris, C.F., and Anderson, J.A. 1999. Optimizing the SDS sedimentation test for end-use quality selection in a soft white and club wheat breeding program. Cereal Chem. 76:907-911.
  • Anderson, J.A., Waldron, B.L., Stack, R.W., and Frohberg, R.C. 1999. Update on DNA markers for Fusarium head blight resistance QTL in two wheat populations. pp. 19-21 in Proceedings of The 1999 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, edited by J.A. Wagester et al., University Printing, East Lansing, MI.


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
There remains great pressure from growers for new varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight (scab). Scab attacked a portion of the major wheat growing area in North Dakota and Minnesota again in 1998 but dry warm weather, fungicide treatment, and more resistant cultivars reduced losses to acceptable limits. A new cultivar, HJ98, was released in 1998 with high yield, desirable quality and resistance to scab spread in the spike, but does not have good kernel fill under severe scab pressure. About 100 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of Wuhan/Norm were grown for a second year under scab and non-scab conditions. Scab resistance to spread in the spike appears to be related to light green color and kernel resistance to shriveling may be associated with rapid grain fill. Taller lines appear to have better resistance. A new line with scab resistance to spread in the head from Ning 8331 from China has been approved for release in Feb. 1999. The Minnesota Wheat Council has offered financing to Minnesota Crop Improvement to increase an additional 50 acres during this winter in California. This could produce an additional 5000 bushels of foundation seed for planting certified acres, and double seed availability for farmers in 2000. Experiments with different methods of inoculation for scab resistance have been initiated to make greenhouse screening more effective. Preliminary data indicate that spraying technique produces less repeatable result than presently used single floret inoculation. A different spraying technique, spraying inoculum until runoff, will be compared to single floret inoculation for genotype ranking.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • BUSCH, R., MCVEY, D., LINKERT, G., WILCOXSON, R., DILL-MACKY, R., WIERSMA, J., WARNES, D. EDWARDS, I. and SCHMIDT, H. 1998. Registration of `BacUp' wheat. Crop Sci. 38:550-551.
  • FABRIZIUS, M., BUSCH, R., KHAN, K. and HUCKLE, L. 1998. Genetic diversity and heterosis in spring wheat crosses. Crop Sci. 38:1108-1112.
  • MA, H., BUSCH, R.H. and DILL-MACKY, R. 1998. Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in a Chinese bread wheat. The 1998 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. p 83.


Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
There remains great pressure from growers for new varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight (scab). Scab attacked a portion of the major wheat growing area in North Dakota and Minnesota again in 1997 and produced an estimated $1 billion loss even though more resistant cultivars are being used. Grower pressure for scab resistance was answered in 1996 with a new cultivar release named BacUp with high scab tolerance but sufficient seed was not available yet to help minimize losses. It is recommended to be grown on no more than 15 to 20 percent of a farmer's acreage because of its lower yield. A new cultivar will be released in 1998 with high yield and desirable quality, with the designation SBE0050. It has resistance to scab spread in the spike but does not have good kernel fill under scab pressure. About 100 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of Wuhan (resistant)/Norm (susceptible) were grown under scab and non-scab conditions. Scab resistance appears to be related to light green color in this cross. Also taller lines appear to have better resistance. Karnal bunt restrictions on Arizona seed damaged the breeding and genetics effort in 1997 when the winter increase of new, potentially more scab resistant lines were had to have two seed fungicide treatments. The seed germinated but root growth was severely restricted under dry conditions in the Upper Midwest and a number of entries died. Preliminary yield nurseries from both 1996 and 1997 were tested in 1997 because Karnal bunt prevented testing in 1996. Thus 1,000 lines, double our normal number, had to be tested. No advanced nurseries derived from the preliminary line yield testing were available for testing in 1997.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • VAN BEUNINGEN, L.T. and BUSCH, R.H. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: III. Cluster analysis based on quantitative morphological traits. Crop Sci. 37:981-988.
  • VAN BEUNINGEN, L.T. and BUSCH, R.H. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: I. Analysis of coefficient of parentage matrix. Crop Sci. 37:570-579.
  • VAN BEUNINGEN, L.T. and BUSCH, R.H. 1997. Genetic diversity among North American spring wheat cultivars: II. Ancestor contributions to gene pools of different eras and regions. Crop Sci. 37:580-585.
  • PROCOPIUK, A.M., BUSCH, R.H., GROTOH, J.V. and OZMON, E.A. 1997. Repeatability and relationship among parameters used to evaluate scab resistance in wheat. Agron. Abstr., p. 83.
  • MA, H., BUSCH, R.H., RIERA, O. and RINES, H. 1997. Performance of spring wheat lines derived from single seed descent, anther culture, and maize pollination. Agron. Abstr., p. 77.
  • MA, H., BUSCH, R.H. and DILL-MACKY, R. 1997. Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol tolerance in several spring wheats. Agron. Abstr., p. 77.


Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
PLANT BREEDING: There remains great pressure from growers for new wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight (scab). Scab attacked a portion of the major wheat growing area in Minnesota again in 1996 but was not as damaging as previous years. Grower pressure for scab resistance was answered in part with a new cultivar release named BacUp (MN2535). This cultivar has high scab tolerance and was released as an emergency measure with only minimal testing. BacUp has low to intermediate yield, very high test weight and grain protein, adequate leaf and stem rust resistance, and good milling and baking quality. It is recommended to be grown on no more than 15-20% of a farmer's acreage because of its lower yield. About 100 recombinant inbred lines each from five populations have been developed and were increased in 1996 in preparation of genetic analysis for scab reaction in the spike (severity). Karnal bunt restrictions on AZ damaged the breeding and genetics effort in 1996 when the winter increase of new, potentially more scab resistant lines was not allowed to be returned to the Upper Midwest. No preliminary yield nurseries (about 480 lines) could be grown in 1996. No advanced nurseries derived from the preliminary line yield testing will be available in 1997. SBE0050, a line with highly desirable agronomic and quality traits, was increased from headrows in 1996 and was approved for further increase 1997 with possible release in 1998. It has a moderate tolerance to scab.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • BUSCH, R., MCVEY, D., LINKERT, G., WIERSMA, J., WARNES, D., WILCOXSON, R., HARELAND, G., EDWARDS, I. AND SCHMIDT, H. 1996. Registration of 'Verde' wheat. Crop Sci. 36:1418.
  • WIERSMA, J.V., PETERS, E.L., HANSON, M.A., BOUVETTE, R.J. AND BUSCH, R.H. 1996. Fusarium head blight in hard red spring wheat: Cultivar responses to natural epidemics. Agron. J. 88:223-230.


Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
There is great pressure from wheat growers for new varieties of spring wheat resistant to Fusarium head blight (scab) since the wheat industry in Minnesota is threatened. Scab attacked the major wheat growing area in Minnesota again in 1995 but was less damaging than in previous years. Yield loss due to scab in 1995 is estimated at 8% of the total crop, ignoring quality discounts. Rapid screening to discard scab susceptible lines is not available. Research was conducted to determine if seedling screens for scab susceptibility could be developed. Toxin on seedling leaves was attempted, inoculating seeds with scab and determining germination percentage was attempted as well as plant height. Scab did not appear to differently influence germination or early seedling growth of susceptible cultivars versus more resistant cultivars. These results indicated that scab screening must be continued on adults plants, which requires at least 3 months. Two lines with the possibility of acceptable bread-making quality, rust resistance, maturity, and very high tolerance to scab were increased in 1995. MN2535 has very high protein and test weight but is low in yield. It is considered for release in 1996 as supplementary variety for insurance against scab. SBE0437 was released in 1995 and named Verde, which is Spanish for green, meaning it retains green leaves. It has acceptable bread-making quality, high yield, medium test weight, good lodging resistance, and tolerance to scab and leaf spotting diseases.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

    Outputs
    PLANT BREEDING. There is great pressure from growers for new varieties resistantto Fusarium head blight (scab) since the wheat industry in Minnesota is threatened. Scab attacked the major wheat growing area in Minnesota more severely than in 1993 but was not as widespread. This is the second year that losses exceeded $200 million in Minnesota in direct yield loss. Lines were selected in 1993 that had resistance to scab and remained resistant in 1994. Two lines represented a break-through for scab resistance with other desired traits and high protein. A new selection, SBE0437, has tolerance to scab, high yield, rust resistance and acceptable quality with release planned for 1995. Eight cycles of RECURRENT SELECTION for kernel weight has resulted in a gain of 4.5% per cycle (36% total). Other traits affected by selection were decreased number of spikelets per spike, number of kernels per spike and number of days to head. Grain yield was not affected. Flour extraction increased as kernel weight increased. Average kernel weight increased form 7.44 to 9.79 g per 200 kernels. F2 HETEROSIS AND GLIADIN CLUSTER ANALYSIS progressed in 1994. Preliminary indications of response of crossing genetically diverse clusters of spring wheat based on coefficient of parentage (COP), morphological traits, and gliadin bands indicated more heterosis was found crossing among gliadin clusters. This may be biased since certain genotypes were at higher frequency in the gliadin cluster.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications


      Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

      Outputs
      Fusarium head blight (scab) attacked all wheat nurseries at all locations in Minnesota in 1993. It was the most devastating disease epidemic since stem rust in the mid 1950's and it has been estimated that Minnesota economic losses will exceed $300 million due to reductions in yield and quality. U.S. estimates of total losses exceed $1 billion. Recurrent selection for kernel weight, protein inheritance, and F2 heterosis studies were made unreliable by scab at all locations in 1993. Quality evaluation of studies and breeding germplasm were also made useless by scab. The increases of new lines as possible varieties are severely hampered by lack of quality data. SBE0437, a line from the Pioneer program, was increased in 1993. Yield and seed quality were good, but large quality tests are lacking because of scab in the Wheat Quality Council plots. MN90138 and MN90071 are in head row increase in Arizona this winter, MN90138 had high yield, test weight and protein in 1993. Breeding for scab tolerance was initiated in the Minnesota program beginning in 1986, but methods of evaluation took 3 years to become reliable. Crosses with resistant sources (primarily certain Chinese varieties) were initiated in 1989-90. Lines from this material were in yield trial in 1993 and some lines had high tolerance to scab and other desirable agronomic traits. However, no quality analysis has been conducted and Chinese varieties possess little bread-making quality.

      Impacts
      (N/A)

      Publications


        Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

        Outputs
        Wheat Breeding and Genetics Busch. Vance (17%), Marshall (16%) and Minnpro (4%) occupied about 40% of the 1992 Minnesota wheat acreage. Early varieties such as 2375 (20%) and Butte 86 (12%) increased in acreage, jointly occupying about 32% of the total. Vance was the leading variety in the main production area. About 5000 accessions from the USDA Small Grains Collection were screened for resistance to stem rust with cooperating plant pathologist. Data were entered directly into the computer in the field and incorporated directly into the Germplasm Retrieval Information Network (GRIN). Over 24,000 accessions have now been evaluated for stem rust and entered into GRIN. About 300 varieties released in North America since 1900 were evaluated for 35 morphological traits and their coefficient of parentage by descent determined. Cluster analysis based on both morphology and parentage indicated that they were related at r(superscript 2)=0.46. Clustering provided information about possible transgressive segregation and maximization of genetic diversity. Cultivar relatedness indicated that USA spring wheat programs are moderately diverse, CIMMYT most diverse, and Canada highly related. These relationships are possibly caused by milling and baking requirements.

        Impacts
        (N/A)

        Publications


          Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91

          Outputs
          The spring wheat variety, Marshall, released in 1982 remained the dominant variety in 1991 occupying about 40% of the 2.2 millions acres planted in Minnesota. Vance, a variety released in 1989, was estimated to have occupied about 20% of the acreage. MN85324 has been approved for release in Feb., 1992 with the possible name of 'Norm'. It has exhibited high stable yield, excellent resistance to leaf diseases, but is susceptible to Fusarium head blight. Milling and baking quality of MN85324 was judged to be acceptable by the industry in 1990. With a cooperating plant pathologist,wheat varieties have been screened for Fusarium head blight, a major disease problem in 1991. Resistance has not been found, the best varieties are only moderately susceptible instead of susceptible. Screening of the Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl. Spring wheat germplasm, donated to the University in 1990 when Pioneer's spring wheat breeding program closed, continued in 1991. About 40 lines were grown in advanced yield trails and about 70 were in preliminary trials. Two sources of high protein, crossed with Minnpro were grown at two locations in 1991 to determine if the high protein genes are similar from these sources. Rye chromosome 1R has been substituted for chromosome 1D of wheat in two spring wheat varieties and was evaluated for possible effects on agronomic traits. Preliminiary results indicated that yield is not affected, but test weight is often reduced.

          Impacts
          (N/A)

          Publications


            Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90

            Outputs
            The variety Marshall remained the dominant spring wheat grown in Minnesota in 1990, with 50% of the acreage. Wheaton occupied 7% and Vance, released in 1989 and still in seed increase, occupied 2% of the 2.75 million acres of spring wheat. Production was third highest on record with an estimated yield of 49 bu/a. Minnpro, released in 1989 because of its very high protein percentage, has continued to be high yielding and provides and alternative variety with high protein. The Pioneer hard wheat program was discontinued and breeding material divided among MN, SD and ND. Yield tests of about 60 advanced lines were conducted at three locations. St. Paul evaluations included Minnesota material, and Pioneer material (325 preliminary lines, 2000 F4-F6 lines and 1000 lead rows). This work load severely limited our ability to conduct basic studies. Because of poor production in 1988 and 1989, insufficient seed of MN85324 (a new selection with very high yield, protein percent similar to Marshall, and good disease resistance) was obtained for release in 1991. Recurrent selections for protein percent were evaluated at two location in 1990. Rye chromosome substitutions into Marshall and Wheaton were evaluated in 1990 for agronomic traits. Scab was a problem in the nurseries in St. Paul and in the central and southern wheat production area. Scab screening indicated that Marshall has tolerance but no wheat is resistant including those from China.

            Impacts
            (N/A)

            Publications


              Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

              Outputs
              The variety Marshall remained the dominant spring wheat grown in Minnesota in 1989. It is estimated that Marshall and Wheaton varieties, both released from Minnesota, occupied about 70% of our 2.5 million acres. Production returned to more normal levels with an average yield of 38 bu/a. Two new spring wheat varieties were released in 1989. Vance, a semidwarf, is best adapted to the Red River Valley, and has very high yield with protein content 0.5% more than Marshall. Minnpro, a semidwarf, is also high yielding and has the highest protein content of any variety presently available, over 2% more than Marshall. Minnpro would be a good alternative variety for producers if protein premiums are again offered. MN85324 was in initial increase in 1989. It has a protein level about like Marshall, good test weight, and very high yield. Large scale quality testing has not been completed and further increasing will depend upon evaluation of quality. Four cycles of recurrent selection for protein content were evaluated in 1989. Marshall and Wheaton were transferred to alien cytoplasms and were evaluated to determine if a yield advantage resulted. Anther cultured lines vs single seed descent lines were grown to determine the final year. This should provide a more definitive answer to the usefulness of anther culture in wheat breeding.

              Impacts
              (N/A)

              Publications


                Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

                Outputs
                Marshall, released in 1982, remains the most widely grown spring wheat variety in Minnesota with 58% of the acreage followed by Wheaton, released in 1983, with 10%. Minnesota released varieties occupied 68% of Minnesota's and about 14% of North Dakota's wheat acreage. Economic return from these varieties during 1984-1988 over the most widely grown previous variety, Era, is estimated to be over $43 million. Minnesota's state average wheat yield was 1325 kg/ha for 1988 compared to 2674 kg/ha in 1987. Very hot, dry conditions in 1988 severely reduced small grain production. MN82354 is a high-yielding, medium protein line that was increased in 1988 (to about 4580 bu.) for release in 1980. MN81110, a medium to high yielding line with high protein, was also increased to about 1400 bu. for release in 1989. Lines derived from anther culture were compared to lines derived by single seed descent. Anther culture lines were lower yielding on the average than single seed descent, but several anther culture lines were high yielding and comparable to single seed descent lines. Anther culture does not appear to be advantageous for deriving homozygous lines because of rapid generation advance available in spring wheat. Different crossing methods were evaluated for incorporating winter wheat germplasm into spring wheats. Backcrossing and intermating backcrosses of spring by winter crosses to spring wheat had the highest performance.

                Impacts
                (N/A)

                Publications


                  Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

                  Outputs
                  Marshall, released in 1982, remains the most widely grown spring wheat variety in Minnesota with about 65% of the acreage area while Wheaton, released in 1983, occupied about 20%. Minnesota released varieties occupied about 85% of Minnesota's acreage and about 20% of North Dakota's. Economic return of these varieties from 1984-1987 over the most widely grown previous variety, Era, was estimated to be $34.1 million. Minnesota's state average yield was 2674 kg/ha for 1987 compared to 2418 kg/ha in 1986. Very warm, dry condititions in April and May reduced tillering and stands, but diseases, were minor with the exception of the very early occurrence of Barley Yellow Dwarf virus. MN81110 and MN82354 are insensitive to daylength and are being increased in south Texas during the winter of 1987-88. MN81110 is medium yield high protein culture while MN82354 is very high yield and medium protein. Eleven pairs of lines near isogenic for daylength response were evaluated in 25 environments to determine daylength response on agronomic traits. Insensitive lines were similar or higher in yield than sensitive lines over all environments. Insensitive lines had their major yield advantage in environments with lower mean yields and shorter grain fill periods. Insensitive lines were earlier heading than sensitive lines except for two pairs. Daylength insensitivity appears to be advantageous, in a wide range of genetic background, when grown in upper midwestern USA.

                  Impacts
                  (N/A)

                  Publications


                    Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

                    Outputs
                    Marshall, released in 1982, was the most widely grown spring wheat variety in Minnesota with approximately 60% of the production area while Wheaton, released in 1983, occuppied about 20%. Economic return of these varieties from 1984-1986 over the most widely grown previous variety, Era, was estimated to be $21.9 million. Minnesota released varieties again occuppied over 80% of Minnesota's acreage and 18% of North Dakota's. Minnesota's state average yield for 1986 was 2418 kg/ha versus the record 3600 kg/ha in 1985. The very wet conditions delayed seeding causing high incidence of diseases and yield losses. The pattern and genotypic variation for nitrogen (N) accumulation and remobilization were studied several years in 12 genotypes of spring wheat. No association between grain protein percent and N accumulation was found. However, two genotypes with highest grain protein had unique patterns of N accumulation. Negative correlations between some of the component variables of nitrogen harvest index (NHI), a measure of nitrogen remobilization, probably reduces its variability and thus its usefulness. Populations which lack negative correlations between the components of NHI may be the best genetic sources for potential N remobilization variation. Most grain N is supplied by remobilization of vegetative N. Remobilization should be an energy requiring process, thus N taken up during grain filling may be deposited more efficiently in the grain.

                    Impacts
                    (N/A)

                    Publications


                      Progress 01/01/85 to 12/30/85

                      Outputs
                      Marshall, released in 1982, was the most widely grown spring wheat variety in both Minnesota and North Dakota with 65 and 30% of their acreage, respectively. Wheaton, released in 1983, occupied at least 15% of Minnesota's wheat acreage and 5% of North Dakota's. Minnesota-released varieties again occupied over 80% of Minnesota's acreage and 35% of North Dakota's, Minnesota enjoyed another record wheat yield of 54 bu/A, 6 bu. greater than the previous record in 1984 (48 bu/A) and 14 bu. greater than the prior record (40 bu/A). A single gene source (MN81110) for increased protein percentage appears to have been identified. An observation that 1/2 of the F(7) lines from a cross with MN81110 had higher protein was supported by a second cross with MN81110 as a parent. The source of this higher protein gene is not known. Crosses of MN81110 with two known single gene sources of high protein (Atlas 66 and Frontana) will be made to determine if their genes are different. Increased grain protein percentage was associated with more efficient uptake of N per unit aerial plant dry weight with no compensatory decrease in biological yield. More efficient translocation of nitrogen per unit of aerial biomass was also related to higher grain protein percentage. Therefore, the physiological impact of this gene seems to be expressed on both uptake and translocation of nitrogen.

                      Impacts
                      (N/A)

                      Publications


                        Progress 01/01/84 to 12/30/84

                        Outputs
                        Marshall, released in l982, was the most widely grown variety in Minnesota with 57% of the acreage, and in North Dakota with 24%. Wheaton, released in l983, occupied 5% of Minnesota's acreage. Minnesota-released varieties occupied 80% of Minnesota's wheat acreage. Minnesota enjoyed a record wheat yield of 48 bu/A, 8 bu greater than the previous record. Some evidence has been obtained which indicates a new genetic source of protein (MN72299) may be relatively simply inherited. This new source is rust resistant and appears to contribute a good phenotype but may be more scab susceptible. Resistance to Difenzoquat was found to be determined by two genes. Two years data indicate that a 2x rate on a susceptible wheat can delay heading by l0 days and reduce yield by 40%. Spikelet removal to enhance kernel weight of spring wheat was successful. Nine genotypes with an array of kernel weights were studied, but growth response to treatment did not appear to be related to inherent kernel weight. Response to nitrogen fertilizer has been evaluated and MN73l67, MN7357, Wheaton and MN7l25 appear to be highly responsive in yield, but somewhat less for protein. Coteau was least responsive of the wheats to additional inputs of nitrogen. Coteau maintained the same high protein content at all levels of nitrogen but had low yield response as well as low yield.

                        Impacts
                        (N/A)

                        Publications


                          Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83

                          Outputs
                          Wheaton (PI469271), tested as MN73168, was released in February, 1983. Wheaton yielded well in 1983, except in areas where scab was severe. Marshall, released in 1982, was produced by seed growers on 40,000 acres in 1983, approximately enough to plant 1/2 of Minnesota's wheat acreage in 1984. Single, three-way, and back crossing were studied as methods of incorporating exotic germplasm. Agronomic and quality traits were evaluated to determine which method was most desirable for wheat improvement. Generally, the single cross produced the fewest high yielding lines, and no lines from the single crosses had both high yield and desirable breadmaking quality. The three-way and back cross were superior for lines possessing both yield and quality. Four cycles of random intermating before selection were evaluated by deriving lines from each cycle. These lines were evaluated for agronomic traits and percent protein. Better lines were not found with more cycles of intermating. With these adapted single crosses, intermating was of no advantage for developing more desirable lines. Lines classified as susceptible, intermediate, and resistant to 'Avenge' wild oat herbicide were evaluated agronomically. At the 0 rate of Avenge all classes yielded similarly. At the normal rate (1X) the susceptible class yielded 60% of the 0 rate while the intermediate class yielded 88% and the resistant class was unaffected.

                          Impacts
                          (N/A)

                          Publications


                            Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82

                            Outputs
                            The selection MN73168 was approved for release in 1983 with the proposed name of'Wheaton' (PI 469271). This new cultivar has been 6% higher yielding than Era, is more resistant to lodging, and is earlier maturing. Minnesota selections were the top four entries in yield in Minnesota variety trails in 1982. The inheritance of tolerance to 'Avenge' wild oat herbicide was conducted in 1982 in cooperation with R. Behrens. Two tolerant parents and two susceptible parents were crossed in all combinations. The progeny were advanced to the F(4) and were evaluated for their reaction to a higher than recommended application of the herbicide. No segregation for herbicide reaction was observed in either the tolerant by tolerant or the susceptible by susceptible crosses. Segregation among the progeny of the tolerant by susceptible crosses indicated a two factor (gene) inheritance, with tolerance dominant. When both factors for tolerance were present, the progeny were tolerant, when only one factor was present the progeny were intermediate, while if none was present the progeny were susceptible. Characterization of genotypes for physiological traits (nitrogen (N) uptake, N translocation and total biomass) and grain yield was accomplished by testing over four environments. MN73168 was identified as having a very high grain filling rate and high grain protein yield. Len also had a high grain protein yield, and high nitrogen uptake.

                            Impacts
                            (N/A)

                            Publications


                              Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

                              Outputs
                              The reselection of MN70170, MN70170R, was approved for release in 1982 and named'Marshall' (CI17920). This new cultivar has yielded equally with 'Era' but is more resistant to lodging, has higher protein and is slightly earlier in maturity. Minnesota selections were three of the best four in yield in the Uniform Regional Nursery in 1981. Lower protein remains a problem. Two cycles of recurrent selection for increasing percent protein were evaluated in 1981, using both populations and randomly derived lines from cycle 0 and cycle 2. The selection was effective in increasing percent protein since: the top 20 random lines for percent protein were all from cycle 2, the random lines mean from cycle 2 was 1 percentage point higher in protein than the random lines from cycle 0, and the cycle 2 population was 0.7 percentage points higher than the cycle 0 population. The mean yield of the cycle 2 lines was lower than the cycle 0 lines. Although this yield decrease was not unexpected, it was hoped that the intercrosssing involved in recurrent selection would help maintain yield. Four environments of testing for nitrogen uptake and translocation of nitrogen to the grain among different genotypes has allowed their classification. Genetic studies may now begin in an attempt to incorporate some of the desirable attributes, such as higher nitrogen efficiency into more desirable genetic materials, which could result in more nitrogen efficient varieties.

                              Impacts
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                              Publications


                                Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

                                Outputs
                                The reselection of MN70170, called MN70170R, was evaluated for leaf rust and uniformity using 3500 plant rows. Approximately 94% of the rows possessed adequate uniformity and were bulked to form breeder's seed. Agronomic and quality performance were similar to MN70170. Minnesota selections were three of the best four entries for yield in the Uniform Regional Nursery in 1980, but lower protein remains a problem. All advanced lines were evaluated with different races of leaf rust to determine which major genes are present. Most lines have the same three genes and different genes are now being introduced. Both elite and isogenic lines differing in their response to photoperiod (insensitive and sensitive) were evaluated in 6 environments. Elite sensitive lines yield more than insensitive lines, especially in Northwestern Minnesota. The results from the isogenic lines indicated that no yield differences existed between insensitive and sensitive lines. Apparently insensitive spring wheats do not have major disadvantages in Minnesota. Regression analyses of grain yield of lines on percent grain protein were used to help identify high yielding lines with higher than predicted percent protein. Two lines were found which had better than expected percent protein based on their grain yield.

                                Impacts
                                (N/A)

                                Publications


                                  Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

                                  Outputs
                                  Seed increase of MN70170, considered for release in 1979 because of superior yield and quality compared to Era, was discarded because of leaf rust susceptibility. About 1/3 of the plants in MN70170 were resistant, designated MN70170R, and this selection will be increased in 1980. Release will depend upon performance of the re-selection. Other new selections now in advanced testing and initial increase have exceeded Era's yield by up to 18%, but low protein remains a problem. Efforts to determine how certain slow stem rusting factors affect resistance at different stages of wheat growth are nearing completion. Field studies have indicated that these genetic factors provide enough protection so little loss in yield results. After two years of testing 'Rageni 15' (a mutant line from Pakistan) in crosses with low, intermediate, and high protein parents, no transgressive segregation for high protein was found. The high protein parent 'Chris' combined best with Rageni 15 for both yield and protein. 'Era', a very high yielding, low protein parent, crossed with Rageni 15 produced no progenies as high yielding as Era and few progenies exceeded Era in protein. Randomly selected F(2) plants were compared to visually selected F(2) plants. F(4) yield trials indicated no difference for yield between the two groups from two crosses. In one cross the visually selected group was two days later in heading with no gain in yield.

                                  Impacts
                                  (N/A)

                                  Publications


                                    Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

                                    Outputs
                                    Selection MN 70170, being considered for release in 1979 (pending baking qualityresults), has exceeded Era in yield by 4% in both Minnesota and USDA Regional tests from 1976-1978. MN 70170 has approximately 1 percentage point higher protein and higher overall quality than Era. Several new selections are exceeding Era in yield by 8-10% in advanced trials from 1977-1978. Lower protein remains a problem. Evidence for slow stem rusting factors in Era wheat has been determined. Progenies of Era by susceptible parents were discarded if specific resistance genes were present so only susceptible progenies were evaluated. Heritability of slow rusting was lowed by genotype x environment interaction but remained at adequate levels to respond to selection. Preliminary results indicate "Regeni 15" does not appear to contribute new factors for protein in crosses with low, intermediate, and high protein. Progenies of crosses with the high protein parent did not exceed high parent protein percentages. Data collected from 21 locations (26 entries per location) from the USDA Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Performance Nursery were summarized and distributed to wheat researchers.

                                    Impacts
                                    (N/A)

                                    Publications


                                      Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

                                      Outputs
                                      USDA-ARS and Minnesota AES jointly approved release of a new wheat variety Angusin 1978. It is as productive as Kitt with better bushel weight. It has different leaf rust resistance gene (s) than Era. MN70170 and MN7125 yielded better than Era, while MN70202 produced 1 g/ha more than Angus in the USDA Regional test in 1976 and 1977. MN70170 yielded 2 g/ha more than Era over a 3 year period in Minnesota. Crop Quality Council (CQC) test showed that MN70170 and MN70202 have nearly the same quality as Angus, but both have better mixing time. In Regional tests, the quality of MN7125 was similar to that of MN70170 and MN70202. MN7125 is the first photoperiod insensitive and early maturing line that has yielded as much as Era. The three lines are being grown in Mexico to enable CQC test and to allow a small seed increase in 1978. Two lines (NapHall-Atlass66 x Angus cross) had mean yields equal to Angus, but 1% higher protein indicating that increasing protein concentration is possible without simultaneous yield. reduction. Yield was negatively associated with the length of vegetative period, but positively associated with the length of grain filling period of 78 lines. A range of 22 days for length of vegetative period and 15 days for length of grain filling period was observed. Era may possess a slow-rusting characteristic in addition to its specific gene (s) for stem rust resistance. In 1977, 24 advanced lines yielded from 1 to 10% more than Era.

                                      Impacts
                                      (N/A)

                                      Publications


                                        Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

                                        Outputs
                                        Era and Kitt wheat, ARS-Minnesota releases, continued as the highest yielding varieties in the North Central Spring Wheat Region, 5 bu/A and 4 bu/A, respectively, better than other varieties. Era and Kitt occupy about 5.3 million acres in the spring wheat region. Progress is being made in developing higher yielding lines. For the first time since 1968 when Era was entered in the USDA-Regional Nursery, 1976 data show 2 Minnesota experimentals, MN7125 and MN70170, to yield more than Era. Prelminary data also show a cross of Era, a Mexican wheat, and a Russian winter wheat to significantly yield better than Era. Four experimentals were evaluated by the Crop Quality Council for milling and baking quality. One of them, MNII-64-27 is being increased for possible release in 1978-79. High yield results in grain with lower protein. Progenies from crosses made with the high protein varieties, Nap Hal, Rageni 15, Kitt, etc. are being increased in Mexico. About 18,000 different populations were screened for resistance to ergot, smut, and rust. Many resistant lines were identifed and are being increased in Mexico. Depending upon the source, dwarfing and daylength insensitive traits are controlled by 1 or 2 genes. Data from populations of sensitive and insensitive lines to photoperiod suggest that greater yield and stability

                                        Impacts
                                        (N/A)

                                        Publications


                                          Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

                                          Outputs
                                          Wheat yields in Minnesota almost tripled (13 vs 35 bu/a) over the past 40 years because of improved varieties, improved cultural management practices, and mechanization. MNII-64-33 wheat was named 'Kitt' and released jointly by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA-ARS. Minnesota and USDA regional data show Kitt to yield 20-27% more grain than Chris, to yield slightlyless (1-5%) than Era, and to produce 13% more protein (15.2 vs 13.5%) per bushelthan Era. Era continued as the highest yielding variety in the region and was grown on 75-85% of Minnesota's wheat acreage. Earlier maturing experimentals are identified that compete with Era in yield. About 500 Fae lines resistant to leaf and stem rust were increased in Mexico. Lines from the European winter wheat and Era cross that have large spikes and kernels were increased and will be yield tested in 1976. Genetic and agronomic studies on progenies of Era/Chris Mutant show no association of sdy or Chris Mutant dwarfing genes with yield or protein content; also, no association exists for plant height vs yield and/or protein; but there is a high negative correlation with yield and protein content. Biochemical studies of the grain of Chris and Era showed that Chris had more crude and true protein, less total starch, and more DNA and RNA throughout grain maturation. Data from populations of sensitive and insensitive lines to photoperiod showed that bacterial blight occurs more frequently in insensitive genotypes; also insensitive types reach

                                          Impacts
                                          (N/A)

                                          Publications


                                            Progress 01/01/74 to 12/30/74

                                            Outputs
                                            The MAES Crop Variety Review Committee approved the release of MNII-64-33. Minnesota and USDA regional data show -33 is competitive with Era in yield in northern Minnesota and in North Dakota. II-64-33 has better leaf rust resistance, better quality, but poorer test weight than Era. Era, grown on 65% of Minnesota's spring wheat acreage, continued as the highest yielding variety in the region. Its yield dropped slightly in 1974 on farms where wet weather caused delayed seeding. Based on 1974 results, earlier maturing lines are needed. Four lines, 2-5 days earlier than Era were identified that show promiseas varieties. These lines, MN7083, MN70113, MN70121 and MN70180, were increasedin Mexico. Sufficient seed is available to enter them in USDA and Crop Quality Council tests. Although all four lines are still resistant to stem and leaf rust, these diseases continue to be aggressive. Many crosses were made to incorporate new disease resistant genes in our lines. Segregates that have large spikes and kernels were identified from crosses of European winter wheats with Era.

                                            Impacts
                                            (N/A)

                                            Publications


                                              Progress 01/01/73 to 12/30/73

                                              Outputs
                                              MN6616M (Chris Mutant) was released as a germplasm source possessing high protein and a new dwarfing gene. Data on lines developed from the cross Era/MN6616M showed that plant height per se and dwarfing source (Norin 10 or Chris Mutant) did not influence protein or grain yield. The above cross produced lines equal to Era in yield with 1-2% more protein. Experimental semidwarfs, 11-64-27 and 11-64-33 show promise. Era and 11-64-33 ranked 1 and 2in yield in Minnesota tests. Crop Quality Council is evaluating -33 for the 2ndyear and if quality data look favorable 11-64-33 will be increased for possible release in 1974. Other semidwarf lines were identified that yield as well as Era. Leaf rust continued to show aggressiveness on spring wheat. Lines were identified that carry adequate resistance to leaf and stem rust. Genetic studies of the new dwarfing source, MN6616M, revealed a simple inheritance pattern with tall incompletely dominant over semidwarf. Agronomic data on linespossessing large kernels and spikes indicate that more intercrossing must be done to develop recombinants that have high yield and high test weight. Semidwarfs are poorer competitors against weeds than are tall varieties.

                                              Impacts
                                              (N/A)

                                              Publications


                                                Progress 01/01/72 to 12/30/72

                                                Outputs
                                                In the second year of commercial production, Era produced record yields. Experimental semidwarfs II-64-27 and II-64-33 continued to yield well, possess excellent disease resistance and have medium to high milling and baking quality.Era and II-64-33 ranked 1 and 2 in yield respectively, in regional tests. Release of II-64-33 is planned if CQC quality tests look favorable. Semidwarfs that yield 10-15% more than Era have been identified (MN6804 and MN67228). Leafrust isolates continued to show aggressiveness on spring wheat varieties. New stem and leaf rust resistant lines are being increased in Mexico for evaluation in Minnesota. A germ-plasm release will be made of Chris mutant (MN6616) which has a new dwarfing gene. Variability for height, yield and protein has been obtained from crosses of Era/Chris mutant and WS1809/Chris mutant. In Mexico, 800 F(6) head-rows from the 1st cross and 6 bulk increases from the second will be harvested in April. Genetic studies of Chris mutant, Era mutant (upright leaf), and low temperature responsive lines are currently underway. Segregates possessing large kernels and spikes are being evaluated for yield.

                                                Impacts
                                                (N/A)

                                                Publications


                                                  Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71

                                                  Outputs
                                                  Record yields were obtained for Era in its first year of commercial production. It was also the highest yielding variety in regional tests. Experimental semidwarfs II-64-20, II-64-27, II-64-33 and Mn6601 continue to yield well, possess excellent disease resistance and have medium to high milling and backingproperties. A shift in races of leaf rust was evident since Chris and Fletcher exhibited MS-S reactions. Over 174,000 genotypes were screened for resistance to leaf and stem rust. Numerous rust resistant plants were selected with 1000 of them being increased in Mexico. High protein lines derived from crosses of Chris, Chris mutant and Era are being increased in Mexico. A new dwarfing source in Chris and a new upright leaf mutant in Era, both induced by ethyl methanesulfonate, have been identified. Genetic studies reveal that the dwarfing source is controlled by a recessive gene(s) while the upright leaf character is controlled by a dominant gene(s). From genetic and controlled environment studies a dominant gene(s) has been identified in WS1812 that responds to vernalizing temperatures causing the variety to be early, short and produce fewer tillers.

                                                  Impacts
                                                  (N/A)

                                                  Publications


                                                    Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70

                                                    Outputs
                                                    Minnesota selections 11-62-2 and 11-62-61 were named "Fletcher" and "Era" and released to the public on April 15, 1970. Both varieties are semidwarf and haveresistance to the rusts, bunt, ergot, black chaff, and Septoria. They yield well, 5-10% and 20-30% more than Chris, respectively Fletcher is more desirable than Era in quality, but both are deficient in protein content and bake absorption. Experimentals 11-64-20, 11-64-33, Mn 6601 and Era mutants appear very promising in agronomic and quality tests. They yield well, possess excellent disease resistance and have better quality characteristics than Fletcher. Fertility trial data continue to reveal improvement in yield and quality of semidwarfs when 50-120 lbs. N/A are applied. About 6000 selections resistant to stem and leaf rust are being evaluated. High protein lines derivedfrom crosses of Chris and Chris mutants are identified and being increased. Controlled environment studies using semidwarf and tall lines indicate: 1) large root:shoot ratios may be associated with high yield, and 2) large genotypeby environment interactions may be caused by certain lines being responsive to low temperature and short photoperiod. Era is very stable to changes in environment.

                                                    Impacts
                                                    (N/A)

                                                    Publications


                                                      Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69

                                                      Outputs
                                                      Semidwarfs II-62-2 and II-62-61 were included in both the Regional Nursery and Crop Quality Council tests for the second year. Agronomically, both are superior to Chris although II-62-61 is the most outstanding. For quality characteristics, II-62-2 is more desirable but both are deficient in protein content and bake absorption. Both selections are being increased for release during 1970. Fertility studies continue to show a dramatic grain yield responseand improvement of quality traits. II-62-61, II-64-19, II-64-20, and II-64-33 respond very favorably to nitrogen fertilization. Approximately 5,000 plant selections resistant to stem and leaf rust were made from a population of over 700,000 plants. Lines carrying both specific and horizontal resistance are being increased in Mexico. Numerous selections have been made to improve the quality of semidwarfs. Plants from progenies derived via mutation and standard breeding techniques have been identified as having a very satisfactory level of protein. Studies on cellular and organismal control are being continued. Source of the seed plays a much bigger role in obtaining reproducibility than was first thought. Thus, plants are being grown under strict environmental conditions to insure seed uniformity.

                                                      Impacts
                                                      (N/A)

                                                      Publications


                                                        Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68

                                                        Outputs
                                                        Three semidwarfs, II-62-2, II-62-61 and II-62-68, were included in the 1968 Regional Nursery and also in limited Corp Quality Council tests. Agronomically, all three selections are superior to Chris although II-62-61 is the most outstanding. For milling and baking, selection II-62-2 appears to be the most desirable. Two selections, II-62-2 and II-62-61, are being increased for possible release. Minnesota selection II-55-11 was named "Polk" and released to the public on April 15, 1968. Polk adds greater variability to the Spring WheatRegion by providing excellent stem and leaf rust resistance, excellent quality and good yielding ability. Considerable effort is being devoted to identifying semidwarf wheats that respond favorably to increaded levels of fertilizer, Selection II-62-61 apparently falls in this category. Random selections of Ii-54-30 are still being evaluated for unusual protein electrophoretic patterns and total protein. Some selections having increased protein content were identified as having aan altered electrophoretic pattern.

                                                        Impacts
                                                        (N/A)

                                                        Publications


                                                          Progress 01/01/67 to 12/30/67

                                                          Outputs
                                                          Several semidwarf lines in the 1967 Advanced Yield Nursery showed good promise as varietal material. Some of the short-strawed selections have decidedly better milling and baking characteristics than Chris. Several also have 35% yield advantage. Minnesota selection II-55-11 performed well in both agronomic and quality trials. The Crop Varietal Review Committee authorized the naming and release of this selection. Random selections of II-54-30 are still being evaluated for unusual protein electrophoretic patterns and total protein. A fewselections are being evaluated to determine if the higher level of protein is associated with an altered protein electrophoretic pattern. Studies on cellularand organismal control are being continued in an attempt to associate cell cycletime with heterosis, winterhardiness and maturity.

                                                          Impacts
                                                          (N/A)

                                                          Publications