Source: MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
IRRIGATED AND DRYLAND CROP PRODUCTION IN EASTERN MONTANA
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0003329
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2012
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2017
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
BOZEMAN,MT 59717
Performing Department
Eastern Agricultural Res Cntr
Non Technical Summary
Small grains are an extremely important component of Montana agriculture. Eastern Montana produced about 46% of the spring wheat produced in Montana. Approximately 82% of the Montana durum crop was produced in this region. More foreign markets are showing interest in purchasing durum from this area, including Italy and Japan. Malt barley acres have increased in eastern Montana and western North Dakota, with Anheuser-Busch contracting up to 20 million bushels. While eastern Montana is not a major winter wheat production area, winter wheat can be an important crop in rotation with spring wheat by controlling winter weeds and spreading out the timing of farm work in the spring and fall. Sugarbeet production and processing contribute many millions of dollars to the economy of eastern Montana and western North Dakota. The potential for expansion of sugarbeet acres is enormous. This area consistently produces some of the highest quality sugarbeets in the United States. This project develops production recommendations for seeding rates, nutrient management, irrigation rates and irrigated management, and will provide more information to area growers about yield and quality of various crops and varieties so that the growers can make informed decisions about which varieties to grow and how best to manage the crop. This project evaluates experimental lines and new varieties of various crops to identify those most adapted to this area. Experimental lines are evaluated for various agronomic characters, such as disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, and day length insensitivity. Experimental lines are also evaluated for quality characters, including milling and baking, malt production, and pasta production. This project will develop durum varieties with high quality and good agronomic characters for this region.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1021599106020%
2021545108040%
2041599106020%
2052010106020%
Knowledge Area
204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 205 - Plant Management Systems; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
2010 - Sugar beet; 1599 - Grain crops, general/other; 1545 - Durum wheat;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems); 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
1. To test and evaluate cultural practices which will result in the most economical production of high quality crops and crop products. Studies of various production practices will result in recommendations for fertilization, seed rates, crop rotations, tillage practices, improved irrigation efficiency, and other management practices. 2. To evaluate and determine the adaptation of new and introduced lines and varieties by comparison with standard varieties of the same crop. Variety trials that include released cultivars and experimental lines will be conducted. This will result in release and recommendation of improved varieties and will provide growers with information to make well-informed varietal selection. 3. To develop, test and evaluate durum lines and varieties for agronomic and quality characters. Evaluation of experimental lines for superior agronomic characters, such as resistance to disease and insect pests, day length insensitivity, lodging resistance, shatter resistance, and winter hardiness will result in release of varieties that allow producers grow better adapted crops. Evaluation of durum lines for quality characters such as test weight, protein content, NIR hardness, semolina color and gluten strength will allow the highest quality germplasm to be developed into varieties so that Montana growers can produce the highest quality product.
Project Methods
1. To test and evaluate cultural practices which will result in the most economical production of high quality crops and crop products. As funds permit, various production practices will be tested, including effects on yield and quality of such factors as disease, insects, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, planting methods, seeding rates, seeding dates, row spacing, plant population, tillage, seed quality, seed treatments and cropping systems. Experimental designs will include randomized complete block design, lattice and split plot design. 2. To evaluate and determine the adaptation of new and introduced lines and varieties by comparison with standard varieties of the same crop. Crop lines and varieties will be grown in replicated yield trials in a randomized complete block design in cooperation with public and private breeders. Established varieties will be used as check varieties for comparison with new experimental lines and varieties. Small grain trials will be grown on station under irrigated and dryland conditions. As funds permit, small grain trials will be grown off station to determine the best crop varieties for different areas in this region. Sugarbeets will be tested under irrigated conditions on-station and off-station. 3. To develop, test and evaluate durum lines and varieties for agronomic characters for production under irrigated and dryland conditions. Early generation durum lines will be evaluated for disease resistance, insect damage, day length insensitivity, lodging resistance, and other agronomic characters. Early generation durum lines will be evaluated for test weight, grain protein, gluten strength, and semolina color. Late generation durum lines will be tested for quality at the cereal lab in Fargo.

Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/17

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Demand for durum is increasing in this area, with nearly 11 million bushels of durum produced in Montana in 2011. The durum germplasm project had developed lines with solid stems and low cadmium. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving dryland and irrigated growers a value-added crop to include in rotation. More than 22 million bushels of malt barley were produced in this region in 2011. Our research has provided alfalfa producers with information about timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. We use a near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit, both purchased with federal, state and local grants, for forage analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). We use these data to determine relative feed value for area producers for grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and silage. PARTICIPANTS: Jerald Bergman, Superintendent, MSU EARC, Sidney, MT; Charles Flynn, Organic Chemist, EARC, Sidney, MT; Debbie Kunda, Laboratory Aide, EARC, Sidney, MT; Peggy Lamb, Research Associate, MSU NARC, Havre, MT; Dave Wichman, Agronomist, MSU CARC, Moccasin, MT; John Miller, Research Associate, MSU WTARC, Conrad, MT; Ken Kephart, Agronomist, MSU SARC, Huntley, MT; Bob Stougaard, Weed Scientist, MSU NWARC, Creston, MT; Phil Bruckner, MSU Winter Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Luther Talbert, MSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Dennis Cash, MSU Extension Agronomist, Bozeman, MT; Tom Blake, MSU Barley Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Dave Bertelsen, MSU CES, Wibaux, MT; Shelley Mills, MSU CES, Glasgow, MT; Ken Nelson, MSU CES, Circle, MT; Ann Ronning, MSU CES, Culbertson, MT; Nicole Winkler, MSU CES, Scobey, MT; Neil Riveland, Agronomist, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Chet Hill, CES Value-added Specialist, Williston, ND; James Staricka, Soil Fertility, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Bart Stevens, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT; Brett Allen, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT; Roger Ashley, CES Agronomy Specialist, Dickinson, ND; Elias Elias, NDSU Durum Breeder, Fargo, ND; William Berzonsky, NDSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Fargo, ND; Gary Hareland, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND; Jae Ohm, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND; Rufus Chaney, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD; Carrie Green, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD. TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
SPRING WHEAT: Reeder yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2768 kg/ha. Vida had greatest economic value across 3 years on dryland. Vida yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 2390 kg/ha. Prosper yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2700 kg/ha. Duclair had greatest economic value across 3 years under irrigation. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. No-till wheat had lower yield and protein across years than minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: Overland yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3834 Kg/ha. DURUM: Mountrail yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2336 kg/ha. Grenora yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2646 kg/ha. Divide yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 2275 kg/ha. MT03012 yielded most across sites in a statewide trial. Twenty-six solid-stemmed and semi-solid-stemmed lines were tested for yield and quality under dryland and irrigated conditions. Two hundred twenty-five durum lines with the low cadmium accumulation trait were increased and tested for quality. BARLEY: Champion yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2624 kg/ha. Champion yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2743 kg/ha. Goldeneye yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 1771 kg/ha. 2ND25276 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkler irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 2786 kg/ha. 2ND25276 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 3618 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In an irrigated alfalfa trial, Shaw yielded most across 3 years with 3 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates.

Publications

  • 2011 Hard Red Spring Wheat Uniform Regional Performance Report Nursery. 2011. http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG2/germplasm.shtml
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2010. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/php/MWBCReports/
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, K. Kephart, P. Lamb, R. Larson, J. Miller, D. Nash, G. Opena, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2011. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2011data/2011WinterWheatVariet ies.pdf
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2011. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 17, December 2011.
  • Cash, D., J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Opena, H. Mason, and D. Wichman. 2011. Montana Alfalfa Variety Performance Summaries in 2010. http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Articles/Forage/Main-varietie s.htm
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2011. Using zinc to reduce cadmium in durum grain. Montana State University CES/MAES Fertilizer Fact Sheet #54. http://landresources.montana.edu/fertilizerfacts/
  • S. P. Lanning, G. R. Carlson, P. Lamb, D. Nash , D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, R. N. Stougaard, J. Miller, G. D. Kushnak, J. L. Eckhoff, W. E. Grey, N. K. Blake, and L. E. Talbert. 2011. Registration of Duclair Hard Red Spring Wheat. J. Plant Reg. 5:349-352.
  • Riveland, N.R., J. E. Berg, K. D. Kephart, D. M. Wichman, G. R. Carlson, G. D. Kushnak, R. N. Stougaard, J. L. Eckhoff, D. L. Nash, M. Johnston, W. E. Grey, Y. Jin, X. Chen, and P. L. Bruckner. 2011. Registration of Decade Wheat. J. Plant Reg. 5:345-348.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2011. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/springwheat/2011data/2011Sprin gWheatVarieties.pdf


Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Demand for durum is increasing in this area, with nearly 11 million bushels of durum produced in Montana in 2011. The durum germplasm project had developed lines with solid stems and low cadmium. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving dryland and irrigated growers a value-added crop to include in rotation. More than 22 million bushels of malt barley were produced in this region in 2011. Our research has provided alfalfa producers with information about timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. We use a near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit, both purchased with federal, state and local grants, for forage analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). We use these data to determine relative feed value for area producers for grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and silage. PARTICIPANTS: Jerald Bergman, Superintendent, MSU EARC, Sidney, MT; Charles Flynn, Organic Chemist, EARC, Sidney, MT; Debbie Kunda, Laboratory Aide, EARC, Sidney, MT; Peggy Lamb, Research Associate, MSU NARC, Havre, MT; Dave Wichman, Agronomist, MSU CARC, Moccasin, MT; John Miller, Research Associate, MSU WTARC, Conrad, MT; Ken Kephart, Agronomist, MSU SARC, Huntley, MT; Bob Stougaard, Weed Scientist, MSU NWARC, Creston, MT; Phil Bruckner, MSU Winter Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Luther Talbert, MSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Dennis Cash, MSU Extension Agronomist, Bozeman, MT; Tom Blake, MSU Barley Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Dave Bertelsen, MSU CES, Wibaux, MT; Shelley Mills, MSU CES, Glasgow, MT; Ken Nelson, MSU CES, Circle, MT; Ann Ronning, MSU CES, Culbertson, MT; Nicole Winkler, MSU CES, Scobey, MT; Neil Riveland, Agronomist, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Chet Hill, CES Value-added Specialist, Williston, ND; James Staricka, Soil Fertility, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Bart Stevens, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT; Brett Allen, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT; Roger Ashley, CES Agronomy Specialist, Dickinson, ND; Elias Elias, NDSU Durum Breeder, Fargo, ND; William Berzonsky, NDSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Fargo, ND; Gary Hareland, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND; Jae Ohm, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND; Rufus Chaney, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD; Carrie Green, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD. TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
SPRING WHEAT: Reeder yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2768 kg/ha. Vida had greatest economic value across 3 years on dryland. Vida yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 2390 kg/ha. Prosper yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2700 kg/ha. Duclair had greatest economic value across 3 years under irrigation. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. No-till wheat had lower yield and protein across years than minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: Overland yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3834 Kg/ha. DURUM: Mountrail yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2336 kg/ha. Grenora yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2646 kg/ha. Divide yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 2275 kg/ha. MT03012 yielded most across sites in a statewide trial. Twenty-six solid-stemmed and semi-solid-stemmed lines were tested for yield and quality under dryland and irrigated conditions. Two hundred twenty-five durum lines with the low cadmium accumulation trait were increased and tested for quality. BARLEY: Champion yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2624 kg/ha. Champion yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 2743 kg/ha. Goldeneye yielded most in a re-crop trial. Average yield was 1771 kg/ha. 2ND25276 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkler irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 2786 kg/ha. 2ND25276 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 3618 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In an irrigated alfalfa trial, Shaw yielded most across 3 years with 3 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates.

Publications

  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, K. Kephart, P. Lamb, R. Larson, J. Miller, D. Nash, G. Opena, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2011. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2011data/2011WinterWheatVariet ies.pdf
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2011. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 17, December 2011.
  • Cash, D., J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Opena, H. Mason, and D. Wichman. 2011. Montana Alfalfa Variety Performance Summaries in 2010. http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Articles/Forage/Main-varietie s.htm
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2011. Using zinc to reduce cadmium in durum grain. Montana State University CES/MAES Fertilizer Fact Sheet #54. http://landresources.montana.edu/fertilizerfacts/
  • S. P. Lanning, G. R. Carlson, P. Lamb, D. Nash , D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, R. N. Stougaard, J. Miller, G. D. Kushnak, J. L. Eckhoff, W. E. Grey, N. K. Blake, and L. E. Talbert. 2011. Registration of Duclair Hard Red Spring Wheat. J. Plant Reg. 5:349-352.
  • Riveland, N.R., J. E. Berg, K. D. Kephart, D. M. Wichman, G. R. Carlson, G. D. Kushnak, R. N. Stougaard, J. L. Eckhoff, D. L. Nash, M. Johnston, W. E. Grey, Y. Jin, X. Chen, and P. L. Bruckner. 2011. Registration of Decade Wheat. J. Plant Reg. 5:345-348.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2011. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/springwheat/2011data/2011Sprin gWheatVarieties.pdf
  • 2011 Hard Red Spring Wheat Uniform Regional Performance Report Nursery. 2011. http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG2/germplasm.shtml
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2010. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/php/MWBCReports/


Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Small Grain and Forage Production Research for Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota. SPRING WHEAT: MT0832 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3038 kg/ha. Vida yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3064 kg/ha. Granger yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5137 kg/ha. NDWSW703 yielded most in an irrigated specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 5528kg/ha. NDSW0702 yielded most in a dryland Uniform Regional wheat trial. Average yield was 3490 kg/ha. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. No-till wheat had lower yield and protein across years than minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: Accipiter yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3692 Kg/ha. DURUM: DH06039 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3645 kg/ha. D06952 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 45002 kg/ha. Strongfield yielded most in a statewide trial across 6 dryland sites, and 1 irrigated site. Divide yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2943 kg/ha. BARLEY: MT040209 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4363 kg/ha. MT050030 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5681 kg/ha. MT020155 yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2997 kg/ha. ND23898 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt barley sprinkler irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 6134 kg/ha. ND25160 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt barley flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 4897 kg/ha. In a 5-year ethanol study, removing hulls from normal hulled feed and malt barley lines did not reduce starch yield per ha. About 10.2% of grain yield was lost to dehulling, but percent starch of the dehulled material was almost 6% greater, Corn: 315-03 yielded most in an irrigated grain corn trial. Average yield was 9437 kg/ha. 9895 yielded most in a silage trial. Average yield was 60.7 Mg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In an irrigated alfalfa trial, Shaw yielded most across 2 years with 3 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. PARTICIPANTS: Participants: Jerald Bergman, Superintendent, MSU EARC, Sidney, MT Charles Flynn, Organic Chemist, EARC, Sidney, MT Debbie Kunda, Laboratory Aide, EARC, Sidney, MT Gregg Carlson, Agronomist, MSU NARC, Havre, MT Peggy Lamb, Research Associate, MSU NARC, Havre, MT Dave Wichman, Agronomist, MSU CARC, Moccasin, MT John Miller, Research Associate, MSU WTARC, Conrad, MT Ken Kephart, Agronomist, MSU SARC, Huntley, MT Bob Stougaard, Weed scientist, MSU NWARC, Creston, MT Phil Bruckner, MSU Winter Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT Luther Talbert, MSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT Dennis Cash, MSU Extension Agronomist, Bozeman, MT Tom Blake, MSU Barley Breeder, Bozeman, MT Terry Angvick, MSU CES, Plentywood, MT Dave Bertelsen, MSU CES, Wibaux, MT Shelley Mills, MSU CES, Glasgow, MT Ken Nelson, MSU CES, Circle, MT Ann Ronning, MSU CES, Culbertson, MT Nicole Winkler, MSU CES, Scobey, MT Neil Riveland, Agronomist, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND Chet Hill, CES Value-added Specialist, Williston, ND James Staricka, Soil Fertility, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND Bart Stevens, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT Brett Allen, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT Roger Ashley, CES Agronomy Specialist, Dickinson, ND Elias Elias, NDSU Durum Breeder, Fargo, ND William Berzonsky, NDSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Fargo, ND Gary Hareland, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND Rufus Chaney, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD Carrie Green, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD Kevin Hicks, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA Dave Garvin, Geneticist, UM, St. Paul, MN TARGET AUDIENCES: Target Audiences: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Impact/Accomplishments: Our research continues to produce economic results. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving dryland and irrigated growers a value-added crop to include in rotation. More than 22 million bushels of malt barley were produced in this region in 2010. Semolina and pasta production is increasing in this area, with 18 million bushels of durum produced in Montana in 2010. Unrest in oil-producing areas of the world has fueled interest in alternative energy sources. We evaluated lines and varieties of barley for starch yield and ethanol production. An alfalfa cubing and pelleting plant was recently built in the region that requires high quality alfalfa. Our research has provided alfalfa producers with information about timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. We use a near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit, both purchased with federal, state and local grants, for forage analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). We use these data to determine relative feed value for area producers for grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and silage. Source of funding: Hatch, state, private industry, grants Scope of impact: Economic development for multi-state region.

Publications

  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2010. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Electronic publications: 2009 Hard Red Spring Wheat Uniform Regional Performance Report Nursery. 2010. http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG2/germplasm.shtml
  • Publications: Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2010. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, C.R. Flynn, N. Riveland, C. Hill and J. Staricka. 2010. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 16, December 2010.
  • Carena, M.J., J.Bergman, N. Riveland, E. Eriksmoen, and M. Halverson. Breeding Maize for Higher Yield and Quality Under Drought Stress. 2010. Maydica 5:287-294.
  • Cash, S.D. , P.L. Bruckner, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, J.E. Berg, R. Hybner, A.N. Hafla, L.M.M. Surber, D.L. Boss, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and N.R. Riveland. Registration of Willow Creek Forage Wheat. 2010. Journal of Plant Registrations 3:185-190.
  • Cash, Dennis, Joyce Eckhoff, Ken Kephart, Gigi Opena, Louise Strang and Dave Wichman . 2010. Montana Alfalfa variety performance summaries in 2009.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2011. Using zinc to reduce cadmium in durum grain. Montana State University CES/MAES Fertilizer Fact Sheet #54.
  • Lanning, S. P., K. Kephart, G. R. Carlson, J. E. Eckhoff, R. N. Stougaard, D. M Wichman, J. M. Martin, and L. E. Talbert.. 2010. Climatic Change and Performance of Hard Red Spring Wheat in Montana from 1950-2008. Crop Sci. 50:835-841.
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, K. Kephart, P. Lamb, R. Larson, J. Miller, D. Nash, G. Opena, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2010 Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2010data/2010WW.pdf
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, C.R. Flynn, N. Riveland, C. Hill and J. Staricka. 2010. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 15. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Dennis Cash, Joyce Eckhoff, Ken Kephart, Gigi Opena, Louise Strang and Dave Wichman . 2010. Montana Alfalfa variety performance summaries in 2009. http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Articles/Forage/documents/201 0finalalfalfavarietybook.pdf
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, J. Miller, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2010 Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/Crops/2010data/perf09.pdf
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2010. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2010/


Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: SPRING WHEAT: AgriPro12 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2867 kg/ha. Vida yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1498 kg/ha. AgriPro12 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6240 kg/ha. Lolo yielded most in an irrigated specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 6460 kg/ha. NDSW0703 yielded most in a dryland Uniform Regional wheat trial. Average yield was 3190 kg/ha. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. No-till wheat had lower yield and protein across years than minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: Winter wheat was not harvested due to severe winter kill. DURUM: D021110 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 1821 kg/ha. D04581 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 8579 kg/ha. Experimental line EKC#8 yielded most in a statewide trial across 6 dryland sites, and 1 irrigated site. MT03012 yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2106 kg/ha. BARLEY: Champion yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2426 kg/ha. Goldeneye yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 7711 kg/ha. Pinnacle yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 2797 kg/ha. Haxby yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 7241 kg/ha. Pinnacle yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 7474 kg/ha. 2ND25276 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkle irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 6653 kg/ha. In a 4-year ethanol study, removing hulls from normal hulled feed and malt barley lines did not reduce starch yield per ha. Soft white wheat averaged of 64.6% starch across location years. Durum starch averaged 59.5%. Hulless barley averaged 59.0% starch. Hard red spring wheat averaged 59.0% starch. Hulled barley averaged 57.4%. Hulless barley had lower grain yield than hulled barley resulting in lower starch yield per ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In an alfalfa trial, WL 355RR yielded most across 3 years with 3 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. Remont yielded most across 3 years in a sanfoin trial with 2 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. FSG408DP yielded most in a 1-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. ANNUAL FORAGE: In dryland safflower forage trial Hybrid 9049 produced the highest yield of 0.85 mt/ha (80% moisture basis) with a relative feed value of 162. Hybrid 1601 produced the highest irrigated yield of 1.32 mt/ha with a relative feed value of 178. PARTICIPANTS: Jerald Bergman, Superintendent, MSU EARC, Sidney, MT Charles Flynn, Organic Chemist, EARC, Sidney, MT Debbie Kunda, Laboratory Aide, EARC, Sidney, MT Gregg Carlson, Agronomist, MSU NARC, Havre, MT Dave Wichman, Agronomist, MSU CARC, Moccasin, MT Greg Kushnak, Agronomist, MSU WTARC, Conrad, MT Ken Kephart, Agronomist, MSU SARC, Huntley, MT Bob Stougaard, Weed scientist, MSU NWARC, Creston, MT Phil Bruckner, MSU Winter Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT Luther Talbert, MSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT Dennis Cash, MSU Extension Agronomist, Bozeman, MT Tom Blake, MSU Barley Breeder, Bozeman, MT Terry Angvick, MSU CES, Plentywood, MT Dave Bertelsen, MSU CES, Wibaux, MT Verlin Koenig, MSU CES, Glasgow, MT Ken Nelson, MSU CES, Circle, MT Ann Ronning, MSU CES, Culbertson, MT Nicole Winkler, MSU CES, Scobey, MT Neil Riveland, Agronomist, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND Chet Hill, CES Value-added Specialist, Williston, ND James Staricka, Soil Fertility, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND Bart Stevens, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT Brett Allen, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT Roger Ashley, CES Agronomy Specialist, Dickinson, ND Elias Elias, NDSU Durum Breeder, Fargo, ND William Berzonsky, NDSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Fargo, ND Gary Hareland, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND Steve Askelson, Agronomist, BARI, Ft. Collins, CO Rufus Chaney, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD Carrie Green, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD Kevin Hicks, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA Dave Garvin, Geneticist, UM, St. Paul, MN Deven See, Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Our research continues to produce economic results. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving dryland and irrigated growers a value-added crop to include in rotation. More than 22 million bushels of malt barley were produced in this region in 2009. Semolina and pasta production is increasing in this area, with 16.6 million bushels of durum produced in Montana in 2009. Unrest in oil-producing areas of the world has fueled interest in alternative energy sources. Varieties and breeding lines of barley, spring wheat, durum and grain corn for starch yield and ethanol production. An ethanol production plant is in the planning stages in the area and this research will demonstrate viable starch sources for ethanol production. Our forage research has provided alfalfa producers with information about timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. A near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit, both purchased with federal, state and local grants, are utilized for forage analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The data results are used to provide relative feed value for area producers for grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and other forages.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2009. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 15, December 2009.
  • Cash, S.D. , P.L. Bruckner, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, J.E. Berg, R. Hybner, A.N. Hafla, L.M.M. Surber, D.L. Boss, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and N.R. Riveland. 2009. Registration of Willow Creek Forage Wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations 3:185-190.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Kephart, G. Opena and J. Eckhoff. 2009. Alfalfa varieties. Montana performance summaries in 2009. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2009. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Berg, J.E., P. L. Bruckner, G. R. Carlson, J. L. Eckhoff, K. D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, N. Riveland, R. N. Stougaard, and D. M. Wichman. 2009. Montana 2008 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results. Crop Management (on-line Journal) of the Plant Management Network. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/trials
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2009. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2008. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 15. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, P. Lamb, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2009. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2009. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2009/


Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: SPRING WHEAT: MT0744 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 1947 kg/ha. ONeal yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 486 kg/ha. Faller yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6473 kg/ha. Golden 86 yielded most in an irrigated specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 5812 kg/ha. CA-907-834 yielded most in a dryland Uniform Regional wheat trial. Average yield was 2619 kg/ha. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. No-till wheat had lower yield and protein across years than minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: MT0495 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 1336 kg/ha. DURUM: D021667 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2120 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5879 kg/ha. MT01695 yielded most in a statewide trial across 6 dryland sites, and Grenora yielded most in 1 irrigated site. Alkabo yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 459 kg/ha. BARLEY: Haxby yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3348 kg/ha. Hockett yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 443 kg/ha. MT061045 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 7646 kg/ha. Challenger yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 3100 kg/ha. Challenger yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 6572 kg/ha. ND22421 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 5497 kg/ha. In a 3-year ethanol study, removing hulls from normal hulled feed and malt barley lines did not reduce starch yield per ha. Soft white wheat averaged of 65.2% starch across location years. Durum starch averaged 59.7%. Hulless barley averaged 61.8% starch. Hard red spring wheat averaged 59.8% starch. Hulled barley averaged 57.8%. Hulless barley had lower grain yield than hulled barley resulting in lower starch yield per ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: Cooper yielded most in a 2-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. Remont yielded most in a 2-year sanfoin trial with 2 cuttings each year. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates. PARTICIPANTS: Jerald Bergman, Superintendent, MSU EARC, Sidney, MT; Charles Flynn, Organic Chemist, EARC, Sidney, MT; Gregg Carlson, Agronomist, MSU NARC, Havre, MT; Dave Wichman, Agronomist, MSU CARC, Moccasin, MT; Greg Kushnak, Agronomist, MSU WTARC, Conrad, MT; Ken Kephart, Agronomist, MSU SARC, Huntley, MT; Bob Stougaard, Weed scientist, MSU NWARC, Creston, MT; Phil Bruckner, MSU Winter Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Luther Talbert, MSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Dennis Cash, MSU Extension Agronomist, Bozeman, MT; Tom Blake, MSU Barley Breeder, Bozeman, MT; Terry Angvick, MSU CES, Plentywood, MT; Dave Bertelsen, MSU CES, Wibaux, MT; Verlin Koenig, MSU CES, Glasgow, MT; Ken Nelson, MSU CES, Circle, MT; Gina Snyder, MSU CES, Culbertson, MT; Bobbie Roos, MSU CES, Scobey, MT; Neil Riveland, Agronomist, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Chet Hill, CES Value-added Specialist, Williston, ND; James Staricka, Soil Fertility, NDSU WREC, Williston, ND; Bart Stevens, Agronomist, USDA-ARS, Sidney, MT; Roger Ashley, CES Agronomy Specialist, Dickinson, ND; Elias Elias, NDSU Durum Breeder, Fargo, ND; William Berzonsky, NDSU Spring Wheat Breeder, Fargo, ND; Gary Hareland, Cereal Chemist, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND; Steve Askelson, Agronomist, BARI, Ft. Collins, CO; Rufus Chaney, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD; Carrie Green, Grain quality, USDA-ARS, Beltville, MD; Kevin Hicks, USDA-ARS, Wyndmoor, PA; Dave Garvin, Geneticist, UM, St. Paul, MN; Deven See, Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA; Marcelo Carena, NDSU Corn Breeder; Tyler Tjelde, NDSU-WREC Irrigation Specialist TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Our research continues to produce economic results. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving dryland and irrigated growers a value-added crop to include in rotation. More than 22 million bushels of malt barley were produced in this region in 2008. Unrest in oil-producing areas of the world has fueled interest in alternative energy sources. Lines and varieties of barley, spring wheat, durum and grain corn were evaluated for starch yield and ethanol production. An ethanol production plant is in the planning stages in the area and this research demonstrated viable starch sources for ethanol production. The dairy industry in this region provides a market for dairy quality alfalfa and silage. Our research has provided alfalfa producers with information about timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. A near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit, both purchased with federal, state and local grants, is used for forage analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). These data are used to assess relative feed value for area producers for grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and silage.

Publications

  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, A. Dyer, J. Eckhoff, G. Kushnak, K. Kephart, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, D. Wichman, B. Grey, D. Nash, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2008. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2008. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 14, December 2008.
  • Cash, S.D., P.L. Bruckner, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, J.E. Berg, R. Hybner, A.N. Hafla, L.M.M. Surber, D.L. Boss, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and N.R. Riveland. 2008. Registration of Willow Creek Forage Wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Kephart, G. Opena and J. Eckhoff. 2008. Alfalfa varieties. Montana performance summaries in 2007. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., J.W. Bergman, and C.R. Flynn. 2008. Nitrates in soil and ground water under irrigated crops. Abstracts, International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga Australia, Nov, 2008, pg 25.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., J.W. Bergman, and C.R. Flynn. 2008. Nitrates in soil and ground water under irrigated crops. Proceedings, 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga Wagga Australia, Nov 2-6, 2008.
  • Lanning, S.P., G.R. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, D. Nash, A. Dyer, W. Grey, P. Lamb, and L.E. Talbert. 2008. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.


Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: SUGARBEETS: 06HX633 RZ had greatest sucrose yield in a 26-entry irrigated coded yield trial grown on-station. Average sucrose yield was 13399 kg/ha. Beta BZ1624N yielded most in an off-station trial. Average sucrose yield was 11242 kg/ha. Crystal RR156 had greatest sucrose yield in a 16-entry irrigated Roundup Ready coded yield trial. Average sucrose yield was 13162 kg/ha. In a 3-year scalping study, scalped beets had a 7.7% loss to scalping and had 0.14% increase in sucrose content. ANNUAL LEGUMES: Twenty-six dry bean varieties were tested under flood irrigation. ISB 1131 (pinto) yielded most. Average yield was 4421 kg/ha. Eight edible soybean varieties were tested under sprinkler irrigation. Barnes yielded most. Yield was 2,604 kg/ha. A hail storm on June 16, 2007 caused some yield losses. Seven field pea lines and varieties were tested under dryland conditions. Delta had the greatest percent stand and yielded most. Average yield was 2369 kg/ha. Twelve seed treatments were tested on Anna desi chickpea under dryland conditions. The seed treatments Mycostop and Yield Shield with Apron yielded significantly more than the untreated control. VEGETABLES: Thirteen onion varieties were direct-seeded under low-pressure sprinkler irrigation. Desperado yielded the most at 30,464 kg/ha. A hail storm on June 16, 2007 caused some plant damage and stand loss. PARTICIPANTS: Barry Jacobsen, Plant Pathology, MSU, Bozeman, Montana Perry Miller, Cropping systems, MSU, Bozeman, MT Bruce Smith, Dawson County MSU Cooperative Extension Service Ben Larson, Richland County MSU Cooperative Extension Service Russ Fullmer, Agronomist, Sidney Sugars, Sidney, MT Kerry Rasmussen, Field Agronomist, Sidney Sugars, Sidney, MT Allen Cattanach, Sugarbeet Specialist, American Crystal, Fargo, ND Chet Hill, Extension Value-added Specialist, WREC, Williston, ND Neil Riveland, Agronomist, Williston REC, Williston, ND Roger Ashley, NDSU Extension Agronomist, Dickinson, ND James Staricka, Soil Fertility, Williston REC, Williston, ND Carol Windells, Plant Pathology, NDSU, Fargo, ND Christian Thill, Potato Breeder, Univ. of MN, St. Paul, MN Mike Sun, Director of Potato Lab, MSU-Bozeman Bill Sheldon, Potato producer, Nesson Valley, ND Rudy Radke, Extension Value-Added Specialist, NDSU, Fargo, ND Steve Pust, Sugarbeet, onion producer, Savage, MT Don Steinbeisser Jr, Sugarbeet / potato producer, Nesson Valley, ND Bob Evans, USDA-ARS, Irrigation Specialist, Sidney, MT Stefan Jeranski, USDA-ARS, Microbiologist, Sidney, MT Bart Stevens, USDA-ARS, Soil Scientist, Sidney, MT Bill Iversen, USDA-ARS, Agronomist, Sidney, MT Jay Jabro, USDA-ARS, Soil Scientist, Sidney, MT TARGET AUDIENCES: Agricultural producers, industry commodity groups, granting agencies, scientific peers, economic development boards.

Impacts
Sugarbeet industry continues to contribute greatly to the economy in this region. Vegetables and other alternative crops are good rotational crops with sugarbeets and small grain. Demonstration of good quality vegetables may attract processing plants to this area. Alternative crops have provided niche marketing of potatoes and onions. Potato production is expected to expand with an additional 1,500 acres of new potato production in 2008. We hope to attract vegetable processing plants to this area.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2007. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 13, December 2007.
  • Eckhoff, J. and C.R. Flynn. 2007. Fine-tuning applied nitrogen rates for sprinkler and flood irrigated sugarbeet production. CES/MAES Fertilizer Fact Sheet number 43.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., J.W. Bergman, C. R. Flynn, and K. Rasmussen. 2007. Fine-tuning a nitrogen budget system for early and main harvest sugarbeet production. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Report 37:79-80.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and C. R. Flynn. 2007. Fine-tuning applied nitrogen rates for sprinkler and flood irrigated sugarbeet production. Abstract, American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists, 34th Biennial Meeting, Feb 28-Mar 3, 2007, Salt Lake City, UT.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and C. R. Flynn. 2007. Fine-tuning applied nitrogen rates for sprinkler and flood irrigated sugarbeet production. Proceedings American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists, 34th Biennial Meeting, Feb 28-Mar 3, 2007, Salt Lake City, UT, p 109-112.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and C. R. Flynn. 2007. Fine-tuning applied nitrogen rates for sprinkler and flood irrigated sugarbeet production. J Sugar Beet Res. 44: 128-129.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and C. R. Flynn. 2007. Sugarbeet Response to Nitrogen under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation. J Sugar Beet Res. in press.


Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: MT0540 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3665 kg/ha. Freyr yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2349 kg/ha. MT0416 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 4900 kg/ha. Vida yielded most across 5 off-station dryland sites, and Choteau yielded most at an irrigated site. Lolo yielded most in an irrigated specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 4394 kg/ha. No-till or minimum-till wheat was continuously cropped since 1974. Slightly lower yield of no-till wheat was attributed to weeds. No-till wheat had lower protein and greater test weight across years. WINTER WHEAT: MT01148 and MTCL0477 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3496 kg/ha. DURUM: DG013141 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2896 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5353 kg/ha. MT01695 yielded most in a statewide trial across 8 dryland and 2 irrigated sites. Alkabo yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2099 kg/ha. Avonlea yielded most across 8 off-station dryland sites in Montana and MT02DH55 yielded most at an irrigated site. Over 6 years on dryland, higher seeding rate resulted in earlier bloom, reduced height, lower HVAC and greater test weight. Greatest yield was achieved with a seeding rate of 1,125,000 seed/ha. Over 4 years under sprinkler irrigation, higher seeding rate resulted in earlier bloom, greater lodging, lower grain protein and lower HVAC. Greatest yield was achieved with 1,687,500 seed/ha. Over 7 years under flood irrigation, higher seeding rate resulted in earlier bloom and greater lodging. Greatest yield was achieved with 1,406,250 seed/ha. BARLEY: YU501385 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4352 kg/ha. Stellar yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2819 kg/ha. MT020155 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5303 kg/ha. Tradition yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 4401 kg/ha. Lacey yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 5611 kg/ha. Lacey yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkle irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 5427 kg/ha. Tradition yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 4757 kg/ha. Over 5 years, higher seeding rate on dryland fallow conditions resulted greatest yield with a seeding rate of 1,125,000 seed/ha. Over 5 years under flood and sprinkler irrigation, higher seeding rate resulted in earlier bloom, greater lodging, and reduced percent plump seed, with greatest yield achieved at 1,687,500 seed/ha. In an ethanol study, removing hulls from normal hulled feed and malt barley lines did not reduce starch yield per ha. Soft white wheat averaged of 67.3% starch across location years. Durum starch averaged 62.0%. Hulless barley averaged 61.7% starch. Hard red spring wheat averaged 61.2% starch. Hulled barley averaged 58.9 %. Hulless barley had lower grain yield than hulled barley resulting in lower starch yield. OATS: 96AB8597 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3730 kg/ha. 87AB5632 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5695 kg/ha.

Impacts
Our research continues to produce economic results. The malt barley industry has expanded into eastern Montana and western North Dakota, giving dryland and irrigated growers a new value-added crop. More than 20 million bushels of malt barley were produced in the MonDak region in 2006. Durum production research has promoted increased production of durum in the region for dryland and irrigated growers. The early generation durum project developed lines tailored specifically for this region. Lines and varieties of barley, spring wheat, and durum, and grain corn have been evaluated for starch yield and ethanol production. This research has demonstrated viable starch sources for ethanol production. An ethanol plant announced to build in the MonDak region in 2007 utilizing small grains and corn. The dairy industry in this region continues to grow. The dairy industry provides a value-added market for dairy quality alfalfa and silage. The alfalfa production and quality research has provided alfalfa producers with information about varieties and timing of harvest for highest quality and yield. A near infrared spectrometer (NIR) and a Fibertech analytical unit purchased with grants allow forage quality research analysis. The NIR is used to determine crude protein and the fiber analytical unit is used to determine acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). These data determine relative feed value to assist area producers in grading and marketing value-added alfalfa hay, grass hay, and silage in this region.

Publications

  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, R. Johnson, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, , N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2006. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1098.
  • Berg, J.E., R. Stougaard, C.R. Cook, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.L. Nash, P.L. Bruckner. Registration of MT1159CL Wheat. 2006. Crop Sci., 1395-1396.
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2006. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 12, December 2006.
  • Bruckner, P.L., J.E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, N. Riveland, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, E.A. Hockett, and D. Nash. 2006. Registration of Paul Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:981.
  • Bruckner, P.L. , J.E. Berg, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, AND D.L. Nash. 2006. Registration of Genou Wheat. Crop Sci. 46:982.
  • Bruckner, P.L., J.E. Berg, D.L. Nash, W.E. Grey, A.T. Dyer, N. Riveland, J.L. Eckhoff, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, Yue Jin, and X. Chen. 2007. Registration of Yellowstone wheat. Crop Sci. submitted.
  • Carlson, G.R. , J.E. Berg, R.N. Stougaard, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Bynum wheat. Crop Sci, submitted.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., C.W. Flynn, and J.W. Bergman. 2006. Small grain for ethanol production in Montana. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Indianapolis, IN.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K.D. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, R.N. Stougaard, and D.M. Wichman. 2006. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T. Blake, K. Bocksnick, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K. Kephart, R. Larson, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2006. Oat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1096.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, and J. Eckhoff. 2006. Alfalfa varieties. Montana performance summaries. Mont. St. Univ. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K.D. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, R.N. Stougaard, and D.M. Wichman. 2006. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2006. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, 2005. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2006/
  • Kephart, K.D., J.E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.M. Wichman, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Hyalite wheat. Crops Sci. submitted.
  • Lanning, S. P., G. R. Carlson, D. Nash , D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, R. N. Stougaard, G. D. Kushnak, J. L. Eckhoff, W. E. Grey, A. Dyer and L. E. Talbert. 2006. Registration of Vida spring wheat. Crop Sci. 46: 2315-2316.
  • R.N. Stougaard, J.E. Berg, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, G.D. Kushnak, D.L. Nash, E.S. Davis, W.E. Grey, and P.L. Bruckner. 2007. Registration of Norris wheat. Crop Sci. submitted.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2006. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Berg, J.E., P. L. Bruckner, G. R. Carlson, J. L. Eckhoff, K. D. Kephart, G. D. Kushnak, N. Riveland, R. N. Stougaard, and D. M. Wichman. 2006. Montana 2005 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results. Crop Management (on-line Journal) of the Plant Management Network. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/trials
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, R. Johnson, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, , N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2006 Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2006. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 12. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/


Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: Norpro yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3168 kg/ha. Norpro yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2444 kg/ha. MT0476 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 4624 kg/ha. MT0245 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3092 kg/ha. At 7 off-station sites, MT0260 yielded most across dryland sites and Reeder yielded most at the irrigated site. Reeder yielded most in a dryland specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 2720 kg/ha. AC Vista yielded most in an irrigated specialty wheat trial. Average yield was 5306 kg/ha. Wheat was continuously cropped since 1974 with no tillage or minimum spring tillage. Slightly lower yield of no-till wheat was attributed to weeds. No-till wheat had slightly lower protein and slightly greater test weight across years. WINTER WHEAT: Jerry yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3125 kg/ha. DURUM: D00704 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 2745 kg/ha. D99541 yielded most in a sprinkler irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 6001 kg/ha. Lebsock yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3267 kg/ha. Lebsock yielded most in a flood irrigated trial. Average yield was 4111 kg/ha. Grenora yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2221 kg/ha. At 7 off-station sites, Alkabo yielded most across dryland sites and Mountrail yielded most at the irrigated site. Yield was not affected by stand under dryland conditions in a multi-year durum seeding rate study, but HVAC decreased as stand increased. Yield increased with higher seeding rate under flood irrigation. Yield was not affected by stand under sprinkler irrigation, but protein and HVAC decreased as stand increased. BARLEY: MT010081 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3947 kg/ha. Metcalfe yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2527 kg/ha. MT020166 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5567 kg/ha. Haxby yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 4034 kg/ha. Conrad yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 6296 kg/ha. ND20299 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkle irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 6210 kg/ha. M109 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 6523 kg/ha. In a multi-year barley seeding rate study, yield increased with stand under dryland and irrigated conditions. Percent plump seed decreased under sprinkler and flood irrigation as seeding rate increased. 15 wheat, durum and barley varieties were grown under irrigated and dryland conditions to compare starch content for ethanol production. OATS: Monico yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4853 kg/ha. OT382 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5645 kg/ha. CORN: 6 grain corn varieties were tested under flood irrigation. 51K95 yielded most. Average yield was 10206 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: Rugged yielded most in 2005 and across years in a 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings. Cooper and Shaw yielded most in a first year trial with 3 cuttings. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates.

Impacts
The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving regional growers another value-added crop for rotation. Semolina and pasta production has increased in this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. The dairy industry is increasing in this area, creating demand for dairy-quality alfalfa. The alfalfa cubing and processing industry is growing in this area, requiring high quality alfalfa. Research of identity-preserved small grains in eastern Montana will demonstrate the high quality product that can be grown in this area to prospective buyers and end users, and may attract marketers and processing plants to this area. Research and development of identity-preserved wheats and barleys for starch/ethanol production was initiated in 2005 to improve and promote wheat and barley use for ethanol production.

Publications

  • Bruckner, P.L., J.E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, N. Riveland, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, E.A. Hockett, AND D. Nash. 2005. Registration of 'Paul' Wheat. Crop Sci., in press.
  • Bruckner, P.L. , J.E. Berg, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, AND D.L. Nash. 2005. Registration of 'Genou' Wheat. Crop Sci., in press.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, and J. Eckhoff. 2005. Alfalfa varieties. Montana performance summaries in 2004. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, and J. Eckhoff. 2005. Performance summaries of the 2004 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. West. Alfalfa Improv. Conf.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2005. Durum and malt barley seeding rates under dryland, sprinkler and flood irrigated conditions. Abstracts, Western Society of Crop Science meeting, June 19-22, 2005.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and J.W. Bergman. 2005. Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2004. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2003/
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K.D. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, R.N. Stougaard, and D.M. Wichman. 2005. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T. Blake, K. Bocksnick, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K. Kephart, R. Larson, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2005. Oat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1096.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2005. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, R. Johnson, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, , N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2005. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendation. Extension Bulletin 2B1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/crops.
  • Berg, J.E., D.L. Nash, P.L. Bruckner, R. Stougaard, C.R. Cook, K.D. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and G.D. Kushnak. Registration of 'MT1159CL' Wheat. 2005. Crop Sci., in press.
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, and J. Eckhoff. 2005. Montana 2004 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results - Sidney. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/default.asp.
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2005. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 11, December 2005. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/


Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: MT0260 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4421 kg/ha. Outlook yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1654 kg/ha. MT0255 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5434 kg/ha. 98S01270 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 4016 kg/ha. 20 spring wheat varieties were tested at 7 off-station sites. MT0245 yielded most across dryland sites and Hank yielded most at the irrigated site. White wheat was tested under sprinkle irrigation. Pennewawa yielded most. Average yield was 5933 kg/ha. Organic wheat with legume as fallow replacement had similar yield to that of conventional wheat but protein was reduced. Organic wheat with no legume yielded less than conventional wheat. Wheat was continuously cropped since 1974 with no tillage or minimum spring tillage. Slightly lower average yield of no-till wheat was attributed to weeds. No-till wheat had slightly lower protein and slightly greater test weight than spring till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: Pryor yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3604 kg/ha. DURUM: AC Avonlea yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3699 kg/ha. D99073 yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 5481 kg/ha. AC Avonlea yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3760 kg/ha. Ben yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 4448 kg/ha. MT01695 yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1053 kg/ha. 16 durum varieties were tested at 7 off-station sites. MT01695 yielded most across dryland sites and MT01617 yielded most at the irrigated site. In a durum seeding rate study, yield increased with stand under dryland conditions. Under flood irrigation, yield, test weight and protein were not affected by seeding rate. Under sprinkle irrigation, yield was not affected but protein decreased with increased stand. SPRING BARLEY: MT981210 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 5416 kg/ha. Haybet yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1436 kg/ha. Haxby yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 7052 kg/ha. Haxby yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 5578 kg/ha. Legacy yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 7025 kg/ha. 6B98-9170 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt sprinkle irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 7063 kg/ha. M109 yielded most in a western North Dakota malt flood irrigated yield trial. Average yield was 6793 kg/ha. In a barley seeding rate study, yield increased with stand under dryland and irrigated conditions. Percent plump seed decreased under flood irrigation. OATS: 96AB8597 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 5198 kg/ha. 87AB5632 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 7855 kg/ha. CORN: 13 grain corn varieties were tested. KX-2975RR yielded most. Average yield was 6363 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In a 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings, Ascend 552 yielded most in 2004. DAK 9901 yielded most across years. In a 2-year trial with 3 cuttings, Rugged yielded most in 2004 and across years. Protein and RFV were determined for all entries at all harvest dates.

Impacts
The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving regional growers another value-added crop for rotation. Semolina and pasta production is increasing in this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. The dairy and alfalfa cubing and processing industries are growing in this area, requiring value-added high quality alfalfa. An ethanol production plant is under consideration in the area and will provide a new market for grain corn and barley. Research of identity-preserved small grain in eastern Montana has demonstrated the high quality product that can be grown in this area to prospective buyers and end users, and may attract marketers and processing plants to this area.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 2004. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 10. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, and J. Eckhoff. 2004. Alfalfa varieties. Montana performance summaries in 2003. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv. 31 pp.
  • Cash, S.D., R.L. Ditterline, D. Johnson, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, and J. Eckhoff. Performance summaries of the 2003 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. West. Alfalfa Improv. Conf.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A.. 2004 . Evaluation of spring wheat grown under conventional and organic conditions. In Annual Meetings Abstracts [CD-ROM]. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA, Seattle, WA.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K.D. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, R.N. Stougaard, and D.M. Wichman. 2004. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T. Blake, K. Bocksnick, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, D. Nash, B. Johnson, K. Kephart, R. Larson, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2004 Oat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1096.
  • Lanning, S.P., G.R. Carlson, D. Nash, D.M. Wichman, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, J.L. Eckhoff, W.E. Grey, and L.E.Talbert. 2004. Registration of Choteau Wheat. Crop Sci 44: 2264-2265.
  • Lanning, S.P., D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and L.E. Talbert. 2004. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Talbert, L., S. Lanning, D. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G. Carlson, R. Stougaard, G. Kushnak, D. Nash, B. Grey, R. Johnson, and R. Larson. 2004. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2004. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2003/
  • Berg, J., P. Bruckner, G. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, B. Grey, R. Johnson, K. Kephart, G. Kushnak, R. Larson, D. Nash, N. Riveland, R. Stougaard, and D. Wichman. 2004. Winter Wheat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, and J. Eckhoff. 2004. Montana 2003 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results, Sidney. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/default.asp


Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: MT0245 yielded most in a dryland intrastate trial. Average yield was 4158 kg/ha. Outlook yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2180 kg/ha. BZ998-447 yielded most in an irrigated intrastate trial. Average yield was 6912 kg/ha. BZ998-447 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3604 kg/ha. 18 spring wheat varieties were tested at 7 off-station sites. Outlook yielded most across dryland sites and Reeder yielded most at the irrigated site. Wheat was continuously cropped since 1974, some with no tillage and some with minimum spring tillage. Slightly lower average yield of no-till wheat was attributed to weeds. No-till wheat had slightly lower protein and slightly greater test weight than spring till wheat. An identity preserved study tested white wheat under various conditions. AC Vista yielded most under dryland conditions. Average yield was 3388 kg/ha. ID377S yielded most under sprinkler irrigation. Average yield was 5508 kg/ha. ID488 yielded most under flood irrigated conditions. Average yield was 6000kg/ha. WINTER WHEAT: MT00159 yielded most in an intrastate winter wheat trial. Average yield was 4313 kg/ha. DURUM: Mountrail yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3544 kg/ha. D99541 yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 7762 kg/ha. GMAP-1526 yielded most in a dryland statewide trial. Average yield was 3584 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in an irrigated statewide trial. Average yield was 7479 kg/ha. Lebsock yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2086 kg/ha. 14 durum varieties were tested at 7 off-station sites. AC Pathfinder yielded most across dryland sites and Belzer yielded at the irrigated site. In a durum seeding rate study, yield increased with stand under dryland conditions. Under flood irrigation, yield and test weight were not affected by seeding rate. Under sprinkler irrigation, protein decreased and yield increased with increased stand. SPRING BARLEY: MT970229 yielded most in a dryland intrastate trial. Average yield was 4552 kg/ha. Baronesse yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 2635 kg/ha. Baronesse yielded most in an irrigated intrastate trial. Average yield was 6680 kg/ha. MT981091 yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 3904 kg/ha. Baronesse yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 6912kg/ha. OATS: ABSP14-6 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 4475 kg/ha. Kildeer yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6523 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: A 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings was conducted. Winter Crown yielded most in 2003. Innovator+Z yielded most across 3 years. In a 2-year trial with 3 cuttings, Ameristand 403T and Shaw yielded most. Cooper and DAK9901 yielded most across 2 years. In a first year trial with 3 cuttings, Rebel and Shaw yielded most. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries in all trials at all harvest dates. ANNUAL FORAGES: Four varieties of corn were tested under irrigation for silage and grain yield. DK537 yielded the most silage. There were no differences in grain yield.

Impacts
The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving regional growers another value-added crop for rotation. Semolina and pasta production is increasing in this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. The alfalfa cubing and processing industry is growing in this area, requiring high quality alfalfa. An ethanol production plant in the area is under construction and will provided a market for grain corn. Research of identity-preserved small grain in eastern Montana will demonstrate the high quality product that can be grown in this area to prospective buyers and end users, and may attract marketers and processing plants to this area.

Publications

  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, G.R. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, R.N. Stougaard, D.M Wichman, D. Habernicht, R. Johnson, and D. Mathre. 2003. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098.
  • Berg, J. E., P.L. Bruckner, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, J.L. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, N. Riveland, E.A. Hockett, and D.K. Habernicht. 2003. Registration of NuSky Wheat. Crop Sci. 43:736-737.
  • Bruckner, P.L., J. E. Berg, G.R. Carlson, D.M. Wichman, N. Riveland, K.D. Kephart, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushank, J.L. Eckhoff, E.A. Hockett, and D.K. Habernicht. 2003. Registration of BigSky Wheat. Crop Sci.43:735-736.
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, G.R. Carlson, J. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, K.D. Kephart, N. Riveland, R.N. Stougaard, D.M Wichman, D. Habernicht, R. Johnson, and D. Mathre. 2003. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, and J. Eckhoff. 2003. Montana 2001 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results, Sidney. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/default.asp
  • Berg, J.E., P.L. Bruckner, and J. Eckhoff. 2003. Montana 2002 Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results, Sidney. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/cm/default.asp
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. Agricultural Research Update. 2003. Regional Report No. 9. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Cash, S.D., K. Blunt, R.L. Ditterline, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, P. Lamb and J. Eckhoff. 2003. Alfalfa varieties for Montana. Performance summaries of the 2002 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv. 31 pp.
  • Cash, S.D., K. Blunt, R.L. Ditterline, L. Strang, D. Wichman, K. Neill, K. Kephart, P. Lamb and J. Eckhoff. Performance summaries of the 2003 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. West. Alfalfa Improv. Conf. 18:21 54.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2003. Response of Durum and Spring Wheat to Applied Nitrogen and Sulfur. CES/MAES Fertilizer Fact Sheet #30. May 2003.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, D.M. Wichman, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, and K.D. Kephart. 2003. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., T.K. Blake, D.M. Wichman, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, and K.D. Kephart. 2003. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Lanning, S.P., D. Habernicht, D. M. Wichman, K. D. Kephart, R. N. Stougaard, G. D. Kushnak, J. L. Eckhoff, G. R. Carlson, W. E. Grey, and L. E. Talbert. 2003. Registration of Outlook wheat. Crop Sci. 43:2302.
  • Lanning, S.P., D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and L.E. Talbert. 2003. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093.
  • Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2003. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2003/
  • Lanning, S.P., D.M. Wichman, J.L. Eckhoff, K. Kephart, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, and L.E. Talbert. 2003. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm


Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: Reeder yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2707 kg/ha. Reeder yielded most in a dryland recrop trial. Average yield was 1161 kg/ha. MT9929 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 3436 kg/ha. SD3641 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 2909 kg/ha. We tested 20 varieties in 6 dryland and 3 irrigated off-station trials. Reeder yielded most across dryland sites and Ember yielded most across irrigated sites. WINTER WHEAT: CDC Falcon yielded most in a dryland site. Average yield was 2666 kg/ha. DURUM: Early generation testing for adaptation to dryland and irrigated production in the Mondak region was continued with 143 lines tested in preliminary yield trials and 103 double haploids tested for agronomics and quality. Lebsock yielded most in a dryland regional trial. Average yield was 2545 kg/ha. D97780 yielded most in an irrigated regional trial. Average yield was 4678 kg/ha. YU894-75 yielded most in a dryland statewide trial. Average yield was 2484 kg/ha. GM90005 yielded most in an irrigated statewide trial. Average yield was 4468 kg/ha. AC Pathfinder yielded most in a dryland recrop trial. Average yield was 1526 kg/ha. We tested 16 varieties in 6 dryland and 3 irrigated off-station trials. AC Avonlea yielded most across dryland sites and Plaza yielded most across irrigated sites. In a seeding rate study, stand did not affect test weight or protein under irrigation. Under dryland conditions yield of one variety was maximized at a seeding rate of 431,740 seed/ha. Seeding rate did not affect test weight or protein content. In a durum N study, protein content of two durum varieties increased with application of top dressed N under dryland conditions. Yields did not respond to applied N. Under irrigation, yields increased with top dressed N but not preplant N. Application of N did not improve grain protein. SPRING BARLEY: MT970148 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 2668 kg/ha. Haxby yielded most in a dryland recrop trial. Average yield was 1474 kg/ha. Tradition yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 4180 kg/ha. Morex yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 3035 kg/ha. Drummond yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 4552 kg/ha. Yield and protein content of malt barley were not affected by seeding rate under dryland, sprinkler irrigated, or flood irrigated conditions. Test weight was reduced at the highest seeding rate under flood irrigated conditions. OAT: 91Ab1502 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 2084 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In a 2-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings, Innovator+Z yielded most across 2 years. In a first year trial with 3 cuttings, Cooper yielded most. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries in all trials at all harvest dates. ANNUAL FORAGES: Four corn silage varieties were tested in an irrigated trial. There was no significant difference in yield. Six seed treatments for seedling disease of irrigated corn were tested including biologicals and fungicides. Biological TJ13A0 yielded significantly more than the fungicide check treatment.

Impacts
Malt barley production in eastern Montana and western North Dakota has expanded to 18 million bushels and a new 1.5M bushel malt barley storage and handling facility is being built by Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc. near Sidney, MT giving regional growers another value-added crop for irrigated and dryland rotations. The malt barley industry has expanded into this area, giving regional growers another value-added crop for irrigated and dryland rotations. Durum production and semolina and pasta processing is increasing in this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. Varietal improvement increases economic return for producers and processors.

Publications

  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N.R., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnson, R., and Mathre, D. 2002. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Riveland, N., and Staricka, J. 2002. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 8. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Blake, T., Bowman, J.G.P., Hensleigh, P., Kushnak, G., Carlson, G., Welty, L., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kephart, K., and Wichman, D. 2002. Registration of `H3860224' Barley. Crop Sci. 42:1747-1748.
  • Blake, T., Bowman, J.G.P., Hensleigh, P., Kushnak, G., Carlson, G., Welty, L., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kephart, K., Wichman, D. and Hayes, P.M. 2002. Registration of `Valier' Barley. Crop Sci. 42:1748-1749.
  • Cash, S.D., Blunt, K., Ditterline, R.L., Welty, L., Strang, L., Wichman, D., Neill, K., Kephart, K., Lamb, P. and Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2002. Alfalfa varieties for Montana. Performance summaries of the 2001 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv. 31 pp.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and Flynn, C.R. 2002. Grain and straw protein contents of small grains. Proceedings, ASA/CSSA/SSSA Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, Nov 10-14, 2002.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kushnak, G.D., and Kephart, K.D. 2002. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Jackson, Grant D., Kushnak, G.D., and Eckhoff, J.L.A. 2002. Durum response to planting and nitrogen rate. p. 161 165. In A.J. Schlegel (ed.) Proc. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conf., Vol. 9, Denver, CO. Mar. 5 6, 2002. Kansas State Univ., Manhattan.
  • Lanning, S.P., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kephart, K., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., and Talbert, L.E. 2002. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Lanning, S.P., Habernicht, D. Grey, W.E., Carlson, G.R., Giroux, M.E. Eckhoff, J.L.A., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K., and Talbert, L.E. 2002. Registration of `Explorer' Spring Wheat. Crop Sci. 42:986-987.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Northern Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Evaluation - 2002. UDSA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. January 2002.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Regional Durum Variety Evaluation - 2002. North Dakota State University, Fargo. January 2002.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Northwestern States Oat Nurseries - 2002. USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID. February 2002.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. 2002. Cooperative Northwest Regional Barley Improvement Project.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. 2002. Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2002. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2002/


Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: MT9806 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3206 kg/ha. McVey yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3226 kg/ha. GM40020 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 3368 kg/ha. SD3506 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3429 kg/ha. Reeder yielded most across dryland and irrigated off-station sites in 6 counties. No-till wheat continuously cropped since 1974 had slightly lower yield, slightly lower protein and slightly greater test weight than continuously cropped minimum-till wheat. WINTER WHEAT: The winter wheat trial suffered total winter kill. DURUM: Early generation testing for germplasm adapted for dryland and irrigated production in the Mondak region was continued. Mountrail yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3334 kg/ha. Plaza yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 3044 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in a statewide dryland trial. Average yield was 2963 kg/ha. Ben yielded most in an irrigated statewide trial. Average yield was 2963 kg/ha. Plaza yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3233 kg/ha. AC Morse yielded most across dryland sites and Mountrail yielded most across irrigated sites in 9 off-station trials in 6 counties. Yield, test weight and protein were not affected by seeding rate under irrigation, but lodging increased with increased stand. Under dryland conditions yield and test weight were not affected by seeding rate, and protein exceeded 13% only at the highest seeding rate. Yields of two durum varieties responded to preplant N and top dressed N. Yield of spring wheat did not respond to applied N. Protein of all varieties increased with topdressed N. Under irrigation, lodging was increased by preplant N, and yield decreased as lodging increased. Grain protein of durum was greater than 13.5% at all N rates. Grain protein of spring wheat was improved by the highest rate of preplant N, and by both top dressed N treatments. Preplant N significantly decreased incidence of disease in one durum variety, and disease was reduced by top dressed N but not significantly. SPRING BARLEY: Valier yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4541 kg/ha. Baronesse yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3478 kg/ha. MT970110 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 3391 kg/ha. Excel yielded most in a dryland malt barley trial. Average yield was 3382 kg/ha. Legacy yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 4501 kg/ha. B2CL20-36 yielded most in an irrigated statewide malt barley trial. Average yield was 4352 kg/ha. OATS: 95Ab10854 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3978 kg/ha. CDC Pacer yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5458 kg/ha. Celsia yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3341 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: In a 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings, 631 yielded most in 2001. 631, Magnum V, Imperial and 395 yielded most across 3 years. In a first year trial with 3 cuttings, Innovator+Z yielded most. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries in all trials at all harvest dates.

Impacts
The malt barley industry is expanding into this area, giving regional growers another value-added crop for dryland and irrigated crop rotation. Durum production has increased to over 2.5M acres in the MonDak region. Semolina and pasta processing is increasing in this area, adding value to regional dryland and irrigated growers. The dairy industry is growing in this area, increasing the demand and economic returns for quality alfalfa and other high-quality feed.

Publications

  • Cash, S.D., Blunt, K., Ditterline, R.L., Welty, L., Strang, L., Wichman, D., Neill, K., Kephart, K., Lamb, P., and Eckhoff, J. 2001. Alfalfa varieties for Montana. Performance summaries of the 2000 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. Mont. St. Univ. Ext. Serv. 31 pp.
  • Cash, S.D., Blunt, K., Ditterline, R.L., Welty, L., Strang, L., Wichman, D., Neill, K., Kephart, K., Lamb, P., and Eckhoff, J. Performance summaries of the 2000 Montana uniform intrastate alfalfa variety yield trials. West. Alfalfa Improv. Conf. 16:21-54.
  • Ditterline, R.L., Dunn, R.L., Cash, S.D., Wichman, D.M., Welty, L.E., Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Majerus, M.E., Scheetz, F.G., Holzworth, L.K., Blunt, K.R., Strang, L.S., and Vavrovsky, J. 2001. Registration of 'Shaw' alfalfa. Crop Sci. 41:264-265.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Regional Durum Variety Evaluation - 2000. North Dakota State University, Fargo. January 2001.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Wichman, D.M., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., and Kephart, K.D. 2001. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1094. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Lanning, S.P., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Kephart, K., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., and Talbert, L.E. 2001. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 2B1093. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Northern Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Evaluation - 2000. UDSA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. January 2001.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Northwestern States Oat Nurseries - 2000. USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID. February 2001.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Northwest Regional Barley Improvement Project - 2000.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Cooperative Regional Winter Wheat nurseries - 2000.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A., and Bergman, J.W. Report to the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, January 2001. http://www.sarc.montana.edu/mwbc/2001/
  • Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Riveland, N., and Staricka, J. 2001. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 7, December 2001. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnson, R., and Mathre, D. 2000. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland, N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnson, R., and Mathre, D. 2000. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://plantsciences.montana.edu/MTgrower.htm


Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: McVey yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 3848 kg/ha. Reeder yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1033 kg/ha. McVey yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6352 kg/ha. ID560 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3719 kg/ha. Twenty-four spring wheat varieties were tested in 6 dryland and 3 irrigated off-station trials in 6 counties. McVey yielded most across dryland and irrigated sites. Although McVey is a scab-tolerant variety, no scab was detected at any of the test sites. Wheat was continuously cropped since 1974, some with no tillage and some with spring tillage. Differences in yield, test weight or protein content between tillage treatments were not detected. An identity-preserved spring wheat project was conducted under overhead irrigation on 1500 acres in the MonDak region. WINTER WHEAT: BZ9W96-919 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4354 kg/ha. DURUM: Early generation testing for germplasm adapted for dryland and irrigated production in the Mondak region was continued. Plaza yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 3442 kg/ha. D95123 yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 6332 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in an irrigated statewide trial. Average yield was 6399 kg/ha. AC Avonlea yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 965 kg/ha. Fifteen durum varieties were tested in 6 dryland and 3 irrigated off-station trials in 6 counties. Mountrail yielded most across dryland and irrigated locations. SPRING BARLEY: Baronesse yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4612 kg/ha. Hector yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1323 kg/ha. B2L20-36 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6626 kg/ha. Excel yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 5983 kg/ha. OATS: 87AB5632 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 4986 kg/ha. 90AB1322 yielded most in an irrigated statewide trial. Average yield was 6836 kg/ha. Whitestone yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 1228 kg/ha. A study of durum response to N indicated that durum N recommendations are similar to spring wheat N recommendations for yield, but durum N requirements for high protein are less than those for spring wheat because durum proteins greater than 13.5 do not result in premium price. PERENNIAL FORAGE: A 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings was conducted. 5396 yielded most in 2000 and when averaged over 3 years. In a 2-year trial with 3 cuttings, A-395 yielded most when averaged over 2 years and Imperial yielded most in 2000. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries at each cutting date. ANNUAL FORAGES: Five irrigated corn silage varieties were tested. DK551 yielded most. Average yield was 75.5 Mg/ha based on 70% moisture.

Impacts
The malt barley industry is expanding into this area, giving regional irrigated growers another value-added crop for rotation. A specialty pasta plant is planned for this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. Dairy quality alfalfa and other high quality feed will be produced by regional dryland and irrigated growers for new industrial dairy use at Sidney, MT and an industrial dairy to be built at Lustre, MT. An identity-preserved wheat project has resulted in an expanding acreage of identity-preserved wheat under overhead sprinkler irrigation in the MonDak region.

Publications

  • Lanning, S.P., Wichman, D.M., Eckhoff, J.L., Kephart, K., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., Kushnak, G.D., and Talbert, L.E. 2000. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1093. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/SpringWheat00/Default.htm Cooperative Northern Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Evaluation - 1999. UDSA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. January 2000.
  • Cooperative Regional Durum Variety Evaluation - 1999. North Dakota State University, Fargo. January 2000.
  • Cooperative Northwestern States Oat Nurseries - 1999. USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID. February 2000.
  • Western Alfalfa Improvement Conference, April 2000. 1999 Alfalfa Variety Trial Results.
  • Berg, J.E., Bruckner, P.L., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Kephart, K.D., Riveland N., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., Habernicht, D., Johnson, R., and Mathre, D. 2000. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/WinterWheat2000/2000WinterWheat.htm
  • Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L.A., Riveland, N., and Staricka, J. 2000. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 6, December 2000. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Bowman, H.F., Cash, S.D., Blake, T.K., Hensleigh, P., Wichman, D.M., Stallknecht, G.F., Bergman, J.W., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Stougaard, R.N., and Kushnak, G.D. June 2000. Oat Varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1095. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/Oat98/Default.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., Cash, S.D., Bruckner, P., Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L., Wichman, D.M., Kushnak, G.D., Carlson, G.R., and Stougaard, R.N. 2000. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/WinterWheat19998/1998WinterWheat.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., Cash, S.D., Bruckner, P., Bergman, J.W., Eckhoff, J.L., Wichman, D.M., Kushnak, G.D., Carlson, G.R., Stougaard, R.N., and Stallknecht, G.E. 2000. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and Bergman, J.W. 2000. Effects of long-term tillage treatments and grass barriers on soil properties. Proceedings, American Society of Agronomy annual meeting, p 142.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and Bergman, J.W. 2000. Annual reports: Spring wheat performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in eastern Montana - 1999; Durum variety performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in three counties in eastern Montana - 1999; Evaluation of small grain varieties under minimum-till, continuous cropping conditions - 1999; Long-term effects of tillage treatments on continuously cropped spring wheat. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Lanning, S.P., Bowman, H.F., Habernicht, D., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Wichman, D.M., and Talbert, L.E. 2000. Registration of 'Scholar' Wheat. Crop Sci. 40:861-862.
  • Hensleigh, P.F., Blake, T.K., Carlson, G.R., Eckhoff, J.L., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., and Wichman, D.M. 2000. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1094. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/00Barley.htm


Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: In a dryland trial, Ivan and Hagar yielded most. Average yield was 3785 kg/ha. Norpro yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3584 kg/ha. Ivan and Verde yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 5510 kg/ha. N96-0144 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 4548 kg/ha. Wheat was continuously cropped since 1974, some with no tillage and some with spring tillage. Difference between tillage treatments were not detected in height, test weight or grain protein, but wheat with spring tillage had significantly greater yield than wheat with no tillage. WINTER WHEAT: MT9426 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4136 kg/ha. DURUM: Early generation testing for germplasm adapted for dryland and irrigated production in the Mondak region was continued. Mountrail and D95775 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 4337 kg/ha. D940027 and D95077 yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 5520 kg/ha. Mountrail yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 3584 kg/ha. SPRING BARLEY: MT960101 and MT960099 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 4826 kg/ha. Valier yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 4865 kg/ha. Baronesse and MT960100 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6210 kg/ha. Excel yielded most in an irrigated malt barley trial. Average yield was 6430 kg/ha. A cooperative trial was established with Busch Agricultural Resources to support irrigated malt barley production in this area. OATS: Monida and ABSP19-9 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 5563 kg/ha. ABSP19-9 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 6434 kg/ha. ABSP9-2 yielded most in a recrop trial. Average yield was 4290 kg/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: A 3-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings was conducted. Oasis 371, XAL 46 and Magnagraze yielded most in 1999 and when averaged over 3 years. In a 2-year trial with 3 cuttings, 5395 yielded most in 1999 and 645 yielded most when averaged over 2 years. A single year alfalfa trial was cut three times. A-395 yielded most. Protein and RFV were conducted by NIR analysis for all entries at each cutting date to promote dairy quality alfalfa production. ANNUAL FORAGES: Three irrigated corn silage varieties were tested. DK537 yielded most. Average yield was 83.3 Mg/ha based on 70% moisture. Nine lines of 5 species of cereal forage were tested. Spelt line PI 355580 and Stampede oat yielded most. Average yield was 9.1 Mg/ha.

Impacts
The malt barley industry is expanding into this area, giving regional irrigated growers another value-added crop for rotation. A pasta plant is planned for this area, adding value to durum for regional dryland and irrigated growers. Dairy quality alfalfa and other high quality feed will be produced by regional dryland and irrigated growers for dairy use.

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 1999. Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 5, December 1999. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, P. Bruckner, J.W. Bergman, J. Eckhoff, D.M. Wichman, G.D. Kushnak, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.E. Stallknecht. 1999. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/WinterWheat1998/1998WinterWheat.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, L.E. Talbert, D.M. Wichman, J. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.D. Kushnak, G.F. Stallknecht. 1999. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1093. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/SpringWheat98/Default.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, T.K. Blake, D.M. Wichman, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.F. Stallknecht, and G.D. Kushnak. 1999. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1094. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/98Barley.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, T.K. Blake, P. Hensleigh, D.M. Wichman, G.F. Stallknecht, J.W. Bergman, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, and G.D. Kushnak. June 1999. Oat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1095. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/Oat98/Default.htm
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and J.W. Bergman. 1999. Annual reports: Spring wheat performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in eastern Montana - 1998; Durum variety performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in three counties in eastern Montana - 1998; Evaluation of small grain varieties under minimum-till, continuous cropping conditions - 1998; Long-term effects of tillage treatments on soil physical properties, soil chemistry, and soil biology. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • 1998 Alfalfa Variety Trial Results - Western Alfalfa Improvement Conference, April 1999.
  • Cooperative Northern Regional Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Evaluation - 1998. UDSA-ARS, University of Minnesota, St. Paul. January 1999.
  • Cooperative Regional Durum Variety Evaluation - 1998. North Dakota State University, Fargo. January 1999.
  • Cooperative Northwestern States Oat Nurseries - 1998. USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID. February 1999.


Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: Sawfly resistant variety MT9433, released in 1997, was named 'Scholar'. In a dryland trial, Ivan and Lars yielded most. Average yield was 41.8 Q/ha. ND694 and Keene yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 31.9 Q/ha. ND695 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 38.6 Q/ha. In a 33-year study, continuously cropped wheat yielded more in tall wheatgrass barriers than in open stubble only in years when growing season precipitation was less than17.5 cm. In the same study, spring wheat produced greater yields under crop/fallow conditions (yields in the crop/fallow were divided in half to compensate for fallow land) than continuous cropped conditions only in years of extreme drought. Differences in physical, chemical, and microbiological properties were detected in soil under grass barriers when compared to soil under several tillage methods. WINTER WHEAT: MT9514 and Rocky yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 44.1 Q/ha. DURUM: Early generation testing and selection for germplasm adapted for dryland and irrigated production in the MonDak region was established in cooperation with NDSU breeders. In an irrigated fertilizer study, preplant N increased durum yield but not spring wheat yield. Topdressed N increased durum grain protein at preplant rates up to 90 kg/ha and spring wheat grain up to preplant rates of 158 kg/ha. D931114 and D941030 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 38.0 Q/ha. D941515 andD941276 yielded most in an irrigated Regional trial. Average yield was 41.5 Q/ha. SPRING BARLEY: MT960226 and MT960225 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 46.8 Q/haMT960222 and MT940218 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 48.2 Q/ha. OATS: ND930122 and 86AB4582 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 51.8 Q/ha. Monida and Powell yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 59.2 Q/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: A 2-year alfalfa trial with 3 cuttings was conducted. Oasis 371, XAL 46 and Magnagraze yielded most in 1998 and averaged over 2 years. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries at each cutting date. A single year alfalfa trial was cut three times. Line 645 yielded most. Protein and RFV were determined by NIR analysis for all entries at each cutting date. ANNUAL FORAGES: Three irrigated corn silage varieties were tested. DK525 yielded most. Average yield was 73.5 Mg/ha based on 70% moisture. Four irrigated sorghum silage varieties were tested. X43024 yielded most. Average yield was 62.3 Mg/ha based on 70% moisture.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Blake, T., S. Larson, J. Eckhoff, and V. Kanazan. 1998. Avoiding project bankruptcy while effectively employing markers. p. 99-408. In Concepts and Breeding of Heterosis in Crop Plants. CSSA Special Publication Number 25, CSSA, Madison, WI. Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, L.E. Talbert, D.M. Wichman, S. Lanning, J. Eckhoff, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, G.F. Stallknecht and G.D. Kushnak. 1998. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1093. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/SpringWheat98/Default.htm Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, T.K. Blake, P. Hensleigh, D.M. Wichman, G.R. Carlson, R.N. Stougaard, J.L. Eckhoff, G.F. Stallknecht, and G.D. Kushnak. 1998. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1094. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/97Barley/97Barley.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, T.K. Blake, P. Hensleigh, D.M. Wichman,G.F. Stallknecht, J.W. Bergman, G.R. Carlson, J.L. Eckhoff, R.N. Stougaard, and G.D. Kushnak. 1998. Oat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1095. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/Oat98Default.htm
  • Bowman, H.F., S.D. Cash, P. Bruckner, J.W. Bergman, J. Eckhoff, D.M. Wichman, G.D. Kushnak, G.R. Carlson, G. E. Stallknecht and R.N. Stougaard. 1998. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1098. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/WinterWheat1998/1998WinterWheat.htm Cash, S.D., H.F. Bowman, R.L. Dunn, R. Ditterline, L.Welty, L. Presbye, D. Wichman, G. Carlson, J. Bergman, J. Eckhoff, G. Harper, G. Stallknecht, K. Gilbertson. 1998. Alfalfa varieties: Performance evaluation. Special Bulletin Number 46. ttp://maes.msu.montana.edu/alfalfa98/default.htm
  • Dunn, R. L., R. L. Dittertine, D. Cash, L. Welty, L. Prestbye, D. Wichman, G. Carlson, J. Bergman, J. Eckhoff, and G. Stailknecht. 1998. 1997 summary of the Montana alfalfa yield trials. http://agadsrv.msu.montana.edu/crops/alfalfa/alfalfa98
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 1998. 1997 Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 3. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and J.W. Bergman. 1998. Continuous cropped spring wheat with tall wheatgrass barriers. Proceedings, American Society of Agronomy annual meeting, p 104.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and J.W. Bergman. 1998. Annual reports: Spring wheat performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in eastern Montana -1997; Durum variety performance in irrigated and dryland off-station trials in three counties in eastern Montana -1997; Evaluation of small grain varieties under minimum-till, continuous cropping conditions -1997; Long-term effects of tillage treatments on soil physical properties, soil chemistry, and soil biology. http://www.sidney.ars.usda.gov/state/
  • Engel, R.E., P.L. Bruckner, and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1998. Critical tissue concentration and chloride requirements for wheat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62:401-405.
  • Bergman, J.W. and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1998. Annual report of research performed at EARC, 1997.
  • Bergman, J.W., J.L.A. Eckhoff, N. Riveland, and J. Staricka. 1998. 1998 Agricultural Research Update. Regional Report No. 4, December 1998.


Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97

Outputs
SPRING WHEAT: MT9653 and MT9631 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 26.2 Q/ha. MT9653 and Penewawa yielded most in an irrigated trial with average yield of 46.8 Q/ha. MN93413 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 27.6 Q/ha. In a 32-year study, continuously cropped wheat yielded more in tall wheat grass barriers than in open stubble in years when yields were less than 13.4 Q/ha. Differences in soil properties were detected under grass barriers when compared to soil under several tillage methods. DURUM: D931114 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 23.1 Q/ha. Kyle yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 41.4 Q/ha. Dryland durum yielded most with 1,900,000 plants/ha and irrigated durum yielded most with 2,600,000 plants/ha. SPRING BARLEY: Harrington and MT940214 yielded most in a dryland trial. Average yield was 36.3 Q/ha. Foster and BA2B91-4947 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 59.1 Q/ha. OATS: ND860416 yielded most in a dryland Regional trial. Average yield was 43.7 Q/ha. ABSP9-2 yielded most in an irrigated trial. Average yield was 59.4 Q/ha. PERENNIAL FORAGE: A 3-year alfalfa trial with two cuttings per year was conducted. 5262 yielded most. Average yield was 10.8 Mg/ha. Proteins were determined by NIR analysis. ANNUAL FORAGES: DK595 yielded most in an irrigated corn silage trial. X25477 yielded most in an irrigated sorghum silage trial. In a dryland cereal forage trial Celcia oat yielded the most.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Carlson, G., et al. 1997. Registration of 'Vanguard' wheat. Crop Sci.
  • Eckhoff, J. 1997. Nitrates in soil and ground water under irrigated crops. MSU CES/MAES Fert. Fact Sheet No 9. January, 1997.
  • Westcott, M., et al. 1997. Rapid diagnosis of grain protein response to late-season N in irr. sp. wht. p. 77-81. In T.Tindall and D.Westerman(ed.). Proc.West. Nutr. Mgmt. Conf., vol 2, SLC, UT. 6-7
  • Westcott, M., et al. 1997. Grain yield and protein response to late season N in irrigated spring wheat. MSU CES/MAES Fert. Fact Sheet No
  • Westcott, M., et al. 1997. Flag leaf diagnosis of grain protein response to late-season application in irr. sp. wht. MSU CES/MAES Fert. Fact Sheet No 12. February, 1997
  • Wichman, D., et al. 1997. Registration of 'Erhardt' wheat. Crop Sci. 37:1004-1005.
  • Bergman, J.W. and J. Eckhoff. 1997. Annual report of research
  • Bergman, J., et al. 1997 Agricultural Research Update. Regional
  • Bowman, H., et al. 1997. Winter wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Ext Bul 1098.
  • Bowman, H., et al. 1997. Spring wheat varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1093.
  • Bowman, H., et al. 1997. Barley varieties: Performance evaluation and recommendations. Extension Bulletin 1094.
  • Bruckner, P., et al. 1997. Registration of 'McGuire' Wheat. Crop Sci. 37:1005-1006.
  • Bruckner, P., et al. 1997. Registration of 'Rampart' wheat. Crop Sci.


Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96

Outputs
DRY BEANS: Thirty-six dry edible bean varieties were tested under irrigation. Othello (pinto) and NY10195 (light red kidney) yielded most. Average yield was 34.4 Q/ha. SOYBEANS: Six soybean varieties were tested under irrigation. C/LOL0740 yielded most. Average yield was 37.7 Q/ha. VEGETABLES: Six specialty bell and hot pepper varieties were tested under irrigation. Numex yielded most. Average yield was 18.7 metric T/ha. One potato variety, 3 cabbage varieties, 3 carrot varieties, and 3 onion varieties were tested under sprinkler and flood irrigation. Cortex sugar percents averaged over 3 varieties of carrots was not different between flood(9.4%) and sprinkler irrigation(9.5%), but carrots produced under sprinkler irrigation(9.0%) had greater core sugar percent than under flood irrigation(8.7%).

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications

  • Bergman, J.W. and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1996. Summary of data obtained in agronomic and soils experimental trials, 1995. EARC, MAES, Sidney, MT. EARC Mimeograph Research Report No. 46, February 1996.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. 1996. Teff: a potential grain and forage crop for Montana. Proceedings, Western Society of Crop Science, Puyallup, WA, June 24-26, 1996, p.2.
  • Eckhoff, J.L.A. and J.W. Bergman. 1996. Nitrates in soil and ground water under irrigated crops. Montana AgResearch, Fall 1995:9-12.


Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95

Outputs
DRY BEANS: A regional cooperative dry bean yield trial with 38 entries was tested under irrigation. Highest yielding varieties were red bean variety IS-4931-B, and small white bean varieties Cygnus and ISB 254-4. Average yield was 20.5 Q/ha. SOYBEANS: Six soybean varieties were tested under irrigation. Pioneer 9061 yielded most with a yield of 43.8 Q/ha. Average yield was 28.3 Q/ha. PEPPERS: Nine specialty bell and hot pepper varieties were tested under irrigation. Highest yielding with five harvest dates was King of the North bell pepper with a yield of 60.2 metric T/ha. Average yield was 51.0 metric T/ha.

Impacts
(N/A)

Publications


    Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94

    Outputs
    DRY BEAN: A regional cooperative dry bean yield trial with 32 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. 53026 and Nodak pinto beans yielded most with yields of 48.9 and 47.7 Q/ha respectively. Mean yield was 38.5 Q/ha. TEFF: Breeder seed of "Bridger" teff was produced. Bridger was treated with mutagen and selections were made from the M2 population. PEPPERS: Four bell pepper varieties were tested for yield and adaptation in the lower Yellowstone River Valley. Marketable peppers were harvested 3 times during the season. Summer Sweet Yellow yielded most with 332.0 Q/ha. Mean yield was 263.6 Q/ha.

    Impacts
    (N/A)

    Publications


      Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93

      Outputs
      DRY BEAN: A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 32 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. Highest yielding were Olathe and 53026 Pinto beans, with yields of 31.1 and 29.7 Q/ha. Mean yield was 25.3 Q/ha. Teff: A brown-seeded teff line was increased for possible release. Teff seeding rate studies were conducted at several locations. Forage yield was maximized at a seeding rate of 7.5 lb/a and seed yield was maximized at a seeding rate of 2.5 lb/a.

      Impacts
      (N/A)

      Publications


        Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92

        Outputs
        DRY BEAN: A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 36 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. Highest yielding cultivars were Beryl great northern, 1572 pink,and Viva pink beans,with yields of 37.0,35.6 and 35.6 Q/ha. Mean yield was 27.0 Q/ha. TEFF: Two lines of teff were grown at three seeding rates,5.6,8.4,11.2 kg/ha. Seeding rate did not influence forage or seed yield. Average forage yield was 11.2 metric T/ac. Average seed yield was 6.4 Q/ha.

        Impacts
        (N/A)

        Publications


          Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90

          Outputs
          DRY BEANS:A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 49 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. Highest yielding cultivars were Olathe pink beans and 52229 Red Mexican with yields of 38.6 Q/ha. Mean yield was 30.6 Q/ha. VEGETABLE CROPS: A clipping study of asparagus indicated that asparagus can be clipped and harvested in mid to late summer but with reduced yields. Unclipped asparagus harvested in May yielded 1705 kg/ha. Asparagus clipped May 29th and harvested in early June yielded 329 kg/ha, plots clipped June 29th and harvested in July yielded 336 kg/ha and harvested in August yielded 493 kg/ha. Acorn, buttercup and kabocha squash under irrigation produced yields of 29.8, 30.7 and 34.3 T/ha. Average squash weights for acorn, buttercup and kabocha squash was 0.95, 1.14 and 1.77 kg. TEFF: Six selections of teff (Eragrostis tef) were planted and harvested for seed increase purposed for product testing.

          Impacts
          (N/A)

          Publications


            Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89

            Outputs
            DRY BEANS: A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 29 entries was grown underirrigated conditions. Highest yielding cultivars were Yolano and 55037 pink beans and ISB82-354 pinto beans. Yields were 36.1, 36.0 and 35.1 Q/ha respectively. Mean yield was 27.6 Q/ha. In a pinto bean seeding rate study with seeding rates of 44.8, 56.0, 67.2, 78.4, 89.6 and 100.8 kg/ha, yields did not differ significantly from each other. Mean yield was 31.9 Q/ha. VEGETABLE CROPS: Straw mulch delayed spear emergence of six asparagus varieties for several days. Bedding crowns on the north side had no effect on emergence. All varieties under all conditions had 50% or more emergence by May 1. Asparagus seed from wild populations were germinated at several temperatures. Seedlings were transplanted and date of spear emergence will be observed. SPECIALTY CROPS: Nine amaranth lines were grown in an irrigated yield trial. K283 and MT-5 yielded most with 36.4 and 34.9 Q/ha. Mean yield was 23.0 Q/ha.

            Impacts
            (N/A)

            Publications


              Progress 01/01/88 to 12/30/88

              Outputs
              A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 37 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding cultivars were P86299 Pinto beans, Yoland Pink beans and Nodak Pinto beans with yields of 45.0, 44.5, and 44.0 Q/ha, respectively. In a Pinto bean seeding rate study, yields did not differ significantly among the seeding rates. Seeding rates were 44.8, 56.0, 67.2, 78.4, 89.6, and l00.8 kg/ha. Mean yield was 44.6 Q/ha. VEGETABLE CROPS: Ten-week old seedlings of six varieties of asparagus were transplanted each at two row spacings. Beds were built on half of the rows so that crowns were on the north side of the bed. Half of each row was mulched with straw. Winter survival, date of emergence, yield and quality will be observed.

              Impacts
              (N/A)

              Publications


                Progress 01/01/87 to 12/30/87

                Outputs
                A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 38 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding cultivars were Holberg Pinto beans and Viva Pink beans with yields of 43.3 Q/ha and 41.3 Q/ha, respectively. Mean yield was 33.4 Q/ha.

                Impacts
                (N/A)

                Publications


                  Progress 01/01/86 to 12/30/86

                  Outputs
                  A regional cooperative dry bean trial with 49 entries was grown under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding cultivars were Viva Pink beans and Nodak Pinto beans with yields of 34.0 Q/ha and 32.1 Q/ha respectively. Mean yield was 26.9 Q/ha. Irrigated Garbanzo beans produced a yield of 17.0 Q/ha in 1985.

                  Impacts
                  (N/A)

                  Publications


                    Progress 10/01/84 to 09/30/85

                    Outputs
                    A regional dry bean trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The highestyielding cultivars were Viva Pink beans and CO81-13197, Pindak, Nodak and Holberg Pinto beans. Mean yield was 35.67 Q/ha. Irrigated Garbanzo beans and lupins were also grown but data is not yet available.

                    Impacts
                    (N/A)

                    Publications


                      Progress 01/01/83 to 12/30/83

                      Outputs
                      A regional dry bean trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding varieties were Holberg Pinto beans, Viva Pink beans, and Nodak Pinto beans. Mean yield was 3,074 kg/ha. In an early maturity dry bean trial, cultivars GH 174 Pinto beans, UNS 119 Pink beans, NW 590 Pinto beans, GH 19 Pink beans, GH 215 Pinto beans and GH 183 Pinto beans produced yields equal to or higher than Viva Pink beans. Mean yield was 2,980 kg/ha. Othercrops tested included lentils, green peas, garbanzo beans, and coriander.

                      Impacts
                      (N/A)

                      Publications


                        Progress 01/01/82 to 12/30/82

                        Outputs
                        A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding entries were Viva Pink beans, D80152 Great Northern beans, and NDP912 Pinto beans. The mean yield was 2713 kg/ha. Insecticide, fungicide, and micronutrient treatments did not produce yields significantly different from an untreated Pinto bean check. Insects were not a problem in this experiment. A trace of bean rust was the only disease noted. Faba beans produced a yield of 1957 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 710 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Lentils, green peas, garbanzo beans and Viva Pink beans produced yields of 1385, 2150, 1047 and 1071 kg/ha, respectively, under dryland conditions.

                        Impacts
                        (N/A)

                        Publications


                          Progress 01/01/81 to 12/30/81

                          Outputs
                          A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. Thehighest yield entries were Viva Pink beans and D76067 Great Northern beans. The mean yield was 3084 kg/ha. U.I. 111 Pinto beans produced significantly higher yields than the untreated check when the fungicide Benomyl was applied at 10% bloom at the rate of 1.68 kg active ingredient/ha. Other insecticide, fungicide, and micronutrient treatments did not produce yields significantly different from the untreated check. The principal factor affecting yield in this trial was Sclerotinia white mold disease. Faba beans produced a yield of 1631 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 970 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Lentils produced a yield of 1782 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1210 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Coriander produced a yield of 1663 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 943 kg/ha under dryland conditions.

                          Impacts
                          (N/A)

                          Publications


                            Progress 01/01/80 to 12/30/80

                            Outputs
                            A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. Thehighest yeilding entries were Viva Pink beans, D76067 Great Northern beans, 7721-7 Small Red Mexican beans, KR10 Small Red Mexican beans, and 7721-6 Small Red Mexican beans. The mean yield was 2,525 kg/ha. U.I. 111 Pintos produced significantly higher yields than the untreated check when the fungicide Benlate was applied at 10% bloom at the rate of 1.68 kg active ingredient/ha. Other insecticide, fungicide, and micronutrient treatments did not differ significantly in yield from the untreated check. The principal factor affecting yield in this trial was Sclerotinia white mold disease. Faba beans produced a yield of 3,430 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1,636 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Lentils produced a yield of 1,863 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1,283 kg/ha under dryland conditions. Coriander produced a yield of 576 kg/ha under irrigated conditions and 1,837 kg/ha under dryland conditions.

                            Impacts
                            (N/A)

                            Publications


                              Progress 01/01/79 to 12/30/79

                              Outputs
                              A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. Thehighest yielding entries were D76067 Great Northern beans and Viva Pink beans with yields of 4,136 and 3,743 kg/ha. The mean yield was 3,000 kg/ha. In a separate irrigated trial, significant yield responses of U.I. 111 Pinto beans occurred when 0.5% zinc sulfate was applied as a foliar spray or when zinc chelate at the rate of 1.12 kg zinc/ha and 5.6 kg zinc/ha was fall applied and incorporated twice to a depth of 8-12 cm. U.I. 111 Pintos produced significantly higher yields than the untreated check when Benlate was applied at the onset of bloom or when 0.5% zinc sulfate was foliar applied at 2 and 4 weeks after emergence. Faba beans produced a yield of 2,818 kg/ha under irrigated conditions.

                              Impacts
                              (N/A)

                              Publications


                                Progress 01/01/78 to 12/30/78

                                Outputs
                                A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. Thehighest yielding entries were 6R-563 Pinto beans and Viva Pink beans with yields of 2443 and 2442 kg/ha. The mean yield for the trial was 1774 kg/ha. Seed corn maggots caused slight stand reductions. In a separate irrigated trial, a foliar response of U.I. 111 Pinto beans occurred when zinc was applied as a foilage spray or as a soil treatment. However, no significant differences in yield occurred because of the long growing season (152 days). U.I. 111 Pintos planted in 91.44 cm. rows or treated with benlate, diazinon, or furadan did not differ significantly in yield from the check treatment. Significantly higher stands of beans were obtained with the insecticide treatments.

                                Impacts
                                (N/A)

                                Publications


                                  Progress 01/01/77 to 12/30/77

                                  Outputs
                                  A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. Thehighest yielding entry was 6R-563 Pinto beans with a yield of 4069 kg/ha. The mean yield for the trial was 3194 kg/ha. The trial was irrigated twice. All the varieties except Valley Great Northern beans reached full maturity. In a separate irrigated trial, a significant increase in yield of U.I. 111 Pinto beans occurred when 0.5% zinc sulfate was applied as a foliage spray. With one application of zinc sulfate 4 weeks after emergence the yield increased significantly from 2611 kg/ha to 3575 kg/ha. With 3 applications (at emergence time, 2 weeks after emergence, and 4 weeks after emergence) a yield of 4293 kg/ha was obtained. Based on a soil test, the experimental area contained 60.2 kg/ha of phosphorus, indicating the zinc deficiency may be associated with high available P in the soil. U.I. 111 Pintos planted in 91.44 cm. rows or treated with benlate, magnetic 6 flowable sulfur, diazinon, furadan, ferrous sulfate, or dry bean inoculum did not differ significantly in yield from the check treatment. The trial was irrigated twice. In a dryland trial Viva Pink beans produced a yield of 671 kg/ha.

                                  Impacts
                                  (N/A)

                                  Publications


                                    Progress 01/01/76 to 12/30/76

                                    Outputs
                                    A regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding entries were 6R410 Pinto, Viva Pink, and RS63 Red Mexican beanswith yields of 33.03, 32.88, and 32.38 cwt. sacks per acre respectively. The mean yield for the trial was 29.20 cwt. sacks per acre. The trial was irrigatedonce. Valley Great Northern and Carmine Red Kidney beans failed to produce any mature beans. The results of soil tests and leaf tissue analyses from samples taken from this trial on July 20, 1976 were as follows: 118 lbs/A. of phosphorus and a leaf tissue phosphorus and zinc concentration of 5,483 ppm and 14.3 ppm respectively. In a separate irrigated trial, U.I. 111 Pinto beans responded to a foliar applied zinc sulfate treatment. U.I. 111 Pinto beans planted in 36 inch rows or planted in 24 inch rows and treated with pre-plant diazinon at the rate of 2 lb/A. produced significantly lower yields than the same variety planted in 24 inch rows without pre-plant diazinon. In the same trial, Faba beans, soybeans, and safflower produced mean yields of 31.1, 30.6, and 23.3 cwt. sack per acre respectively. The trial received one surface irrigation.

                                    Impacts
                                    (N/A)

                                    Publications


                                      Progress 01/01/75 to 12/30/75

                                      Outputs
                                      The regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The highest yielding entries were Viva Pink, Emerson Great Northern, and U.I. 36Red Mexican beans with yields of 17.0, 13.1 and 12.3 cwt. sacks per acre respectively. The check Pinto bean variety, U.I. 111, produced a yield of 6.8 cwt. sacks per acre. The trial was irrigated twice. Most bean varieties becamechlorotic and stunted during the early part of the season presumably due to rootpruning by flea beetle larvae. Because of the reduced vigor of the bean varieties, the maturity of the beans was delayed considerably with subsequent damage by frost and white mold. The following varieties failed to produce any mature beans: GN 59, Valley, Aurora, 080, Bonus, 6R-395, Chief, Rufus, and 6R-410. In a separate irrigated trial, Faba beans produced an average yield of 22.7 cwt. sacks per acre. The trial was irrigated twice.

                                      Impacts
                                      (N/A)

                                      Publications


                                        Progress 01/01/74 to 12/30/74

                                        Outputs
                                        The regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigated conditions. The high yielding entries, Viva and Sutter, produced yields of 21.8 and 19.4 cwt. sacks per acre respectively. The check variety, Pinto U.I. III, produced ayield of 2.6 cwt. sacks per acre. The trial was irrigated twice. Weather conditions were generally unfavorable for dry bean production in 1974. Pods failed to develop on the first two sets of blossoms of most varieties due to thehot dry weather which occurred during blossoming. Pods that developed on later sets of blossoms failed to mature before the first killing frost which occurred on September 1, 1974. Only Pinks Viva and Sutter were near complete maturity when the first fall killing frost occurred. Flea beetle damage was noted in thenursery during the early part of the season. Sutter, Viva, Gloria, Bailiff, andAtlas seemed to suffer less damage than other varieties. White mold also appeared late in the season.

                                        Impacts
                                        (N/A)

                                        Publications


                                          Progress 01/01/73 to 12/30/73

                                          Outputs
                                          The regional dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigation in 1973. Thehighest yielding entry was 5R-119, a pink type, with a yield of 40.0 cwt. sacks per acre. Other high yielding entries were Quray, U.I. 114, U.I. 111, Emerson, U.I. 36, 6R-18, and 6R-395. Varieties that failed to mature were Tara, Jules, AR-58, Chief, Bonus, and Atlas. Diazinon insecticide at a rate of 2.0 lbs. per acre was incorporated into the soil of the 3rd and 4th replication to control damage from black flea beetle larvae. As an average of all varieties, a yield increase of 8.35 cwt. sacks per acre was realized from insecticide application. The treated beans also matured earlier. An experiment was conducted on the use of N, P, & K fertilizers on the yield of dry beans. The most favorable responses were obtained with a balanced NPK fertilizer application, but the mostcritical element in the yield of beans was nitrogen.

                                          Impacts
                                          (N/A)

                                          Publications


                                            Progress 01/01/72 to 12/30/72

                                            Outputs
                                            A dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigation. 5R-220, a pink bean, was the highest yielding variety followed by U.I. 36, a red Mexican type. U.I. 111 was the highest yielding pinto bean. Tara and Jules, both great northerns, did not mature in 1972 and would not be adapted for production in this area. Anexperiment was conducted with various rates of potash fertilizer applied to dry beans. The yields were increased by the addition of moderate rates of potash. The response may have been a result of the compacted soil at the test site. Soil tests did not indicate a shortage of potassium before the fertilizer was applied.

                                            Impacts
                                            (N/A)

                                            Publications


                                              Progress 01/01/71 to 12/30/71

                                              Outputs
                                              A dry bean variety trial was conducted under irrigation. No significant resultswere obtained because of the extreme variation within varieties. Most Red Mexican varieties are too late for northeastern Montana. The small white varieties generally yield less than pintos. There is definitely a problem with insects, disease, nematodes, or some other unknown factor when beans or sugar beets follow each other in an irrigated rotation. Tests conducted for nematodeson beans in 1971 did not indicate this was the problem.

                                              Impacts
                                              (N/A)

                                              Publications


                                                Progress 01/01/70 to 12/30/70

                                                Outputs
                                                A dry bean variety nursery was conducted under irrigated conditions. Pinto 111 and Pinto 114 were the highest yielding varieties. Great Northern 1140 was the highest yielding variety of its type. A small white bean, 5177, was early in maturity but was low in yield. Great Northern Tara did not mature before frost,and is much too late for eastern Montana.

                                                Impacts
                                                (N/A)

                                                Publications


                                                  Progress 01/01/69 to 12/30/69

                                                  Outputs
                                                  An irrigated dry bean variety yield nursery was conducted in l969. Two experimental Red Mexican varieties, AR-8-2, and AR-28-6, were the highest yielding varieties. All of the Great Northern and Pinto varieties yielded aboutthe same, generally less than the Red Mexican beans. Plastic mulch experiments were conducted with two tomato varieties and two sweet corn varieties. The clear plastic mulch treatment hastened maturity in both tomatoes and sweet corn.Black plastic mulch also resulted in earlier maturity but not as early as the clear. Tomato yields were increased by both mulch treatments but the plastics did not affect sweet corn yields. Weeds were a problem with clear plastic mulches but are controlled by black plastic.

                                                  Impacts
                                                  (N/A)

                                                  Publications


                                                    Progress 01/01/68 to 12/30/68

                                                    Outputs
                                                    Four nursery type replicated experiments were conducted under irrigated conditions. A dry bean variety yield trial was conducted to determine which varieties are best adapted to this area. Types of beans included in the nurserywere Pinto, Great Northern, Red Mexican and Pink. Five of the ten varieties in the trial failed to mature before frost. The Pink bean produced the highest yield followed by Great Northern 1140. Three plastic mulch experiments involving tomatoes, peppers, and sweet corn were conducted. The treatments included clear plastic, black plastic, liquid plastic, and a check (no mulch). The plastic was applied in strips two feet wide at the time of seeding or transplanting. The clear plastic mulch was the best treatment followed by the black plastic. The liquid was no better than the check but this may have been due to improper application. The peppers responded most favorably to the plastic mulches, producing more fruit at an earlier date. The clear plastic wasbetter than the black. Clear plastic also hastened ripening of sweet corn but there was no yield increase. The treatments had no effect on yield or maturity with tomatoes but the clear and black plastic caused faster vegetative growth.

                                                    Impacts
                                                    (N/A)

                                                    Publications


                                                      Progress 01/01/67 to 12/30/67

                                                      Outputs
                                                      The irrigated regional dry bean variety trial was the only nursery type experiment conducted under this project in 1967. This trial consisted of six Pinto and three Red Mexican varieties. All of the varieties produced higher yields than the check variety, Pinto U.I. 111. However, all of the Red Mexican varieties were later than Pinto 111, thus they might not mature in years with a shorter growing season than 1967. Several of the Pinto varieties yielded significantly more than Pinto 111 and matured as early as the check. These varieties will be further tested to determine if the yield advantage is maintained over a period of years.

                                                      Impacts
                                                      (N/A)

                                                      Publications