Source: WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
EXPAND THE CURRENT FOOD SAFETY MODERNIZATION ACT TRAINING PROGRAM FOR WEST VIRGINIA VERY SMALL LOCAL PRODUCE GROWERS WITH THE CONTENT OF TRIPLE-WASH AND RELATED OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1030939
Grant No.
2023-70020-40563
Cumulative Award Amt.
$150,000.00
Proposal No.
2023-03017
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2023
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2025
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[A4182]- Regional FSMA Center
Recipient Organization
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
886 CHESTNUT RIDGE RD RM 202
MORGANTOWN,WV 26505-2742
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
This community outreach project aims to develop a systematic community training program to encourage the adoption of triple-wash process among very small local produce growers in West Virginia. Since high percentage of Salmonella and Listeria spp. were detected on fresh produce sold at WV farmers markets than the existing published data from other states, WV Small Farm Center encourages very small local produce growers to apply the triple-wash with antimicrobials to produce surfaces if their produce is eaten raw or grown close to the ground. A serial validation studies completed by the PD's research team suggest that applying triple-wash with commercial antimicrobials is an effective and economic-feasible approach for very small local produce growers to reduce foodborne pathogens on locally grown produce including butternut squashes, cucumbers, tomatoes, and spinaches. Therefore, the objectives are: 1) Conduct a survey of WV very small, local produce growers' current pre- and post-harvest practices related to the root cause of microbial contamination on fresh produce and their knowledge of FSMA produce safety rules; 2) Conduct in-person plant onsite workshop or remote training course of triple-wash for very small, local produce growers as a supplement for FSMA "train the trainer" workshop; 3) Develop a handbook of triple-wash for WV very small, local produce growers. Results will expand the current FSMA trainings to WV very small local produce growers, improve their food safety knowledge, and encourage their implementation of on-farm post-harvest best practices to reduce microbial safety risks of their produce.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
71250101100100%
Goals / Objectives
Obj-1. Conduct a survey of WV very small, local produce growers' current pre- and post-harvest practices related to the root cause of microbial contamination on fresh produce and their knowledge of FSMA produce safety rules.Obj-2. Conduct in-person plant onsite workshop or remote training course of triple-wash for very small, local produce growers as a supplement for FSMA "train the trainer" workshop.Obj-3. Develop a handbook of triple-wash for WV very small, local produce growers.
Project Methods
Objective 1. Conduct a survey of WV very small, local produce growers' current pre- and post-harvest practices related to the root cause of microbial contamination on fresh produce and their knowledge of FSMA produce safety rules.In the first year of this proposed project, we will conduct an in-depth survey of 30-50 very small, local produce growers in WV on their current pre- and post-harvest practices related to the root cause of microbial contamination on fresh produce. The survey will include five parts: 1) exisiting agricultural practices used by very small produce growers during production, such as compost and manure prepration and management, treatment of agricultural water, spray of pesticides and inseticides, which are related to the root causes of microbial contaminated produce; 2) producer's current post-harvest practices including handling, collection, cleaning, storage, transportation, and packaging of fresh produces, which are linked to produce contamination; 3) farmers' knowledge on FSMA produce safety rules, such as "worker health, hygiene sanitizing and cleaning", "microbial cross-contamination", "post-harvest processing" "agricultural water" and other FSMA related regulations; 4) producer's concerns over the currently employed pre-and post-harvest methods, major considerations and barriers when deciding whether to adopt a new procedure, perceptions of microbial contamination, and interest in future microbial safety post-harvesting workshops; and 5) information on producer's operations, including the type of fresh produce they grow, the size of their farm, their cost of production, venues for their products, etc.Objective 2. Conduct in-person plant onsite workshop or remote training course of triple-washfor very small, local produce growers as a supplement for FSMA "train the trainer" workshop,Co-PD Ms. Jones from WVU-SFC will coordinate a one-day triple-wash training workshop at our stakeholder Preston County Workshop Inc. and will also organize a one-day outreach workshop on post-harvest sanitizing practices with triple-wash in the spring of 2025 (the 2nd year of the project) at the Charleston Coliseum & Convention Center in Charleston, WV as part of the 2025 WVU-SFC FSMA "Train the trainer" workshop. The PDs Drs. Shen and Jones will be the primary instructors. The training course is open to very small, local produce growers in WV and nearby states interested in implementing triple-wash in their own produce processing line. The training workshops will be conducted in-person and/or virtually.We will create a series of stand-alone online learning modules that can be accessed remotely at any time.Objective 3. Develop a handbook of triple-wash for WV very small, local produce growers.The PD's team will develop a 37-page portable handbook of triple-wash. We will discuss the potential causes of microbial contamination and how they relate to the common pre- and post-harvest practices used by producers identified in the survey conducted in Obj-1. The concept of the triple-wash procedure, along with its applications to various types of fresh produce and major microbial pathogens, will be presented.

Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:West Virginia very small and small fresh produce growers. Changes/Problems:WVU went though a very painful academic transforming procedure in the fall 2023, numerous faculty members lost their jobs during that period, and WVU-OSP is also signifcantly affected by this academic transforming procedure. Therefore, the initation of this grant is severly delayed until Dec 2023 we finally got the requested budget. But the PD's team tried our best to conduct outreach activities following the proposed activities. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Ms. Rebecca Stearns completed the pilot study under objective 1 and sucessfully defend her PhD thesis and obtained PhD degree on Dec 2023 and Ms. Carly Long completed her undergraduate honors college biochemistry degree and is continued to study for her PhD at the PD Dr. Shen's lab starting from August, 2024. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As mentioned early,The PD Dr.Shen worked together with the Co-PD Ms. Lisa Jones generated two short course vidoes related to triple wash and the SaniDate-5.0, both two vidoes are adopted by the WV Small Farm Conference Center. The PD Dr. Shen also gave an hour training course related to FSMA chapter 9Process Preventive Control. which is co-organized by theMcGill University and the U.S. Institute of the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences. Besides, the PD Dr. Shen and Co-PD Ms. Lisa Jones both joined the new fresh produce safety outreach training team leaded by the West Virginia Department of Agriculture since August, 2023. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?A new PhD student Ms. Jesica Temple was recruited Jan 2024, she started a new survey as stated under Objectives 1 and 2 for comparing the difference/similarity between small produce growers at WV and CA related to triple-wash process. The PD. Dr. Shen is also working with the Co-PD Ms. Lisa Jones will generate a triple-wash manual as described in Objectives 2 and 3. We are expected to generate 1 peer-review publication, 1 food science conference presentation and 1 outreach triple-wash manual.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We recruited Ms. Carly Long, an undergrduate and Ms. Rebecca Stearns, a military servered non-triditional PhD students to conduct the proposed outreach activities. They worked together to complete the a pilot survey as described in Objective 1.In theirstudy, a survey was developed to analyze small and very small produce growers' knowledge of food safety. The questionnaire also assessed producers' familiarity and willingness to implement the triple wash method (TWM). Surveys were conducted at farmers market (FM)in West Virginia. The survey included demographics, knowledge of microbial cross-contamination on produce, washing strategies, awareness of the TWM, and willingness to attend good agricultural practice/ Food Safety Modernization Act (GAPS/FSMA) and TWM training. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test (P < 0.05) in R-software. A total of 82 vendors participated in the survey. The survey results revealed knowledge gaps about food safety among FM produce vendors. Additionally, 53.7% of FM vendors did not wash their produce due to increased spoilage (52.6%; P < 0.05). Among participants who washed produce, only 28.2% were familiar with the TWM. Most respondents who washed produce (65.3%; P < 0.05) stated they would be interested in attending GAP/FSMA and TWM training. The information obtained from this study will help tailor GAP/FSMA and TWM training provided by regional extension offices. The PD Dr.Shen worked together with the Co-PD Ms. Lisa Jones generated two short course vidoes related to triple wash and the SaniDate-5.0, both two vidoes are adopted by the WV Small Farm Conference Center. The PD Dr. Shen also gave an hour training course related to FSMA chapter 9Process Preventive Control. which is co-organized by theMcGill University and the U.S. Institute of the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2024 Citation: Rebecca Stearns, Wentao Jiang, Janet Tou, Kristen Matak, Annette Freshour, Timothy Boltz, Jacek Jaczynski, Carly Long, and Cangliang Shen*. 2024. A Preliminary Pilot West Virginia Farmers Market Survey of Very Small Produce Growers' Knowledge of Microbial Contamination and Their Perception of the Triple-Wash Method. Food Protection Trend.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Cangliang Shen. Control of Foodborne Pathogen and Surrogate Bacteria on Fresh Produce Through Integrated Research and Extension Activities. Jiangnan University, China, May 31st, 2024. (Invited by Dr. Xue Tang)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rebecca Stearns, Carly Long, Corey Coe, Lisa Jones, and Cangliang Shen. Survey of Small Local Produce Growers' Knowledge of Microbial Contamination and Perception of the Triple-Wash Method at Farmers Markets. 2023 Annual Meeting of International Association of Food Protection. July 16th to July 19th, Toronto, Canada.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cangliang Shen. 2023. Introduction of Triple-wash. (virtual Demo). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl9NIv7fATY. Adopted by the WV Small Farm Conference Center.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cangliang Shen. 2023. Introduction of SaniDate-5.0. (virtual Demo). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3M2RQ_vUudQ. Adopted by the WV Small Farm Conference Center.