Source: UNIV OF IDAHO submitted to
INCREASING PROFITABILITY OF WOMEN-OPERATED FARMS AND RANCHES IN THE US & IDAHO: IMPLICATIONS OF RESOURCE ACCESS & ENTERPRISE DIVERSIFICATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1030598
Grant No.
2023-67023-40534
Cumulative Award Amt.
$649,997.00
Proposal No.
2022-10358
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2023
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2027
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[A1601]- Agriculture Economics and Rural Communities: Small and Medium-Sized Farms
Project Director
DePhelps, C.
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF IDAHO
875 PERIMETER DRIVE
MOSCOW,ID 83844-9803
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
This project aims to increase the prosperity of women farmers, their families, and rural communities through research and extension activities. The project aligns with the primary goal of AFRI's Small and Medium-Sized Farms Program (Code A1601) and addresses four of the priorities (b, e, f, i). The USDA considers women farmers socially disadvantaged; statistics on farm size and sales affirm this classification.Research uses an integrated, qualitative-quantitative approach to (1) document changes between 2017 and 2022 in women farm operators' access to key agricultural resources, (2) examine the gender gap in farm profitability by farmer race and ethnicity between the years 2017 and 2022, (3) investigate the role of farming partners on women farm operators' access to key agricultural resources, level of enterprise diversification, and profitability, (4) assess, for women who are meeting their financial goals, the main factors supporting their financial success and their approach to succession planning on their farms.Extension activities increase the reach and effectiveness of University of Idaho Extension farm management programs that support beginning, small, and medium-sized women farmers. We will (1) provide Idaho women farm operators services to increase farm profitability and develop succession plans, (2) deliver business planning and risk management programs to women farm operators with beginning and small to medium-scale operations, (3) increase agriculture service and technical assistance providers' understanding of the unique needs of women operators and optimal approaches for working with this audiences, (4) share best practices, resources, educational curricula, and training tools available to support women operators.
Animal Health Component
30%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
70%
Applied
30%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6016030301050%
8036099308050%
Goals / Objectives
1.1. Long-term goals and supporting objectivesThe long-term goals of the proposed integrated research and extension project are1. Increased opportunities for women farm and ranch operators1 to achieve success in meeting their financial goals in their farm enterprises.2. Increased prosperity of women farm operators so their operations generate the wealth necessary to pass their farms to the next generation.The study focuses on women farmers across racial and ethnic groups in the US and Idaho who are either one of the principal operator(s) or the primary operator on a farm. In pursuit of the project's long-term goals, we will conduct research and extension activities with the following objectives:Research objectives:1. Document changes between 2017 and 2022 in women farm operators' access to key agricultural resources (e.g., land, buildings, machinery, labor), level of enterprise diversification, and profitability.2. Examine levels, changes, and explanations for the gender gap in farm profitability by farmer race and ethnicity between the years 2017 and 2022.3. Investigate the role of farming partners, both marital and otherwise, on women farm operators' access to key agricultural resources, level of enterprise diversification, and profitability.4. Assess, for a sub-sample of women farmers whose farms are meeting the financial goals they have set, what they see as the main factors supporting their financial success and how such success affects estate and succession planning for their farms.Extension objectives:1. Provide Idaho women farm operators the knowledge, skills, tools, and support services needed to make informed decisions and access available resources to increase farm/ranch profitability and develop farm succession plans.2. Increased prosperity of women farm operators so their operations generate the wealth necessary to pass their farms to the next generation.
Project Methods
A mixed-methods (MM) research approach will be used to address the study's four research objectives. Research Objectives 1, 2, and 3 use data from the CoA for 2017 and 2022 and quantitative approaches to provide a national perspective on women farmers' financial performance. For Research Objective 4, we will focus on Idaho and conduct interviews with 45 women farmers who are meeting their financial goals to identify best practices. Quantitative and qualitative data collection and analyses will inform each other across research phases. For instance, because the quantitative analysis will be done first, some new questions that arise when interpreting those results will be part of the qualitative interviews. The qualitative research will, in turn, shed light on the quantitative results and provide guidance for additional analysis. The interviews with Idaho women farmers will allow us to gain deeper insights into the patterns observed in the quantitative data analyses. Likewise, the qualitative findings may generate new questions that we can look into with the national-level quantitative analysis.

Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:This project has multiple audiences, including 1) academic researchers; 2) extension professionals and policy professionals; and 3) most importantly, farmers and ranchers, specifically women farmers and ranchers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Project coordinator attended the National Annie's Project Conference to learn best practices for offering farm management programs specifically designed for women farm operators. Information and best practices are being utilized in the design of the spring 2025 farm management and marketing training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Research Objectives 1, 2 & 3: Finalize and deliver 2017 Census of Agriculture Preliminary Proof-of-Concept Data Release/Report Finalize and submit 2017 Census of Agriculture Proof-of-Concept Choices Article Finalize and submit 2017 Census of Agriculture Proof-of-Concept Full Article Finalize and Deliver Census of Agriculture vs. ARMS Data Comparison Pro and Con Chart and Recommendations Obtain access to 2022 Census of Agriculture data through Remote Data Enclave; begin analyses for longitudinal and women farming partnersanalyses Research Objective 4: we plan to conduct approximately ½ of our 50 interviews with famer women and to begin preliminary analysis of those interviews. We plan to make those interviews available to our extension team so they can begin editing them for their podcast series. Extension objectives 1&2: Offer a virtual statewide beginning farmer workshop on small farm planning, marketing and enterprise options in December 2024 Offer an 18-hour farm management and marketing training program for women farm operators in spring 2025 Offer a hybrid in-person and online whole farm planning course in winter 2025. Continue updating the Idaho Women in Ag website with research articles and resources for women farm operators Produce bi-monthly email newsletters & special announcements containing information about farm management educational programs and resources Produce and launch an Idaho women farm operator podcast series

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Research Objectives 1, 2 & 3: Discussions with USDA NASS regarding appropriateness of using principal and primary farmer variables Acquisition of permission for and access to remote data enclave containing 2017 Census of Agriculture Data Conducted analysis of 12 different permutations of a 'proportion of women farmers' variable, including cross-tabs to determine meaningful differences in how these 12 variables effect the interpretation of results Requested review and release of data; obtained Designed and presented PowerPoint on the 12 variable analysis to the AFRI research team Draft report and academic paper underway on 12 variable analysis Ran analysis of same-sex married farmers coding on 2017 Census of Ag primary data for 50 cases provided by USDA NASS Requested review and release of data; obtained Conducted research on differences between 2022 ARMS and 2022 CoA data sources (including questions asked, methodology, representativeness of small farms, etc.) and created PowerPoint and Word document outlining differences and recommendations for the AFRI project Research Objective 4: We have been engaging the literature on women in agriculture and previous research done by the team to 1) develop our interview questionnaire; 2) develop a list of potential women to interview for the project; 3) develop the required IRB materials including informed consent forms and data security protocols. We are currently working to receive final IRB approval on our project and finalize our materials to begin farm women interviews in Spring 2025. Extension objectives 1&2: Assembled a team of seven Extension Educators across Idaho who will be collaborating to offer a farm management and marketing training program for women farm operators in spring 2025. Assembled a team of Extension Educators to offer a virtual statewide beginning farmer workshop on small farm planning, marketing and enterprise options in December 2024 Assembled a team of 8 Extension Educators to offer a statewide whole farm planning course in winter 2025. Updated the Idaho Women in Ag website Produced 9 email newsletters & special announcements containing information about farm management educational programs and resources, each newsletter or special announcement was delivered to approximately 1961 recipients with a 47-55% open rate.

Publications