Progress 06/15/23 to 06/14/24

Outputs
Target Audience:In both 2021 and 2022, I attended 10 meetings of the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also presented 1 presentation of ongoing project results to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also conducted 5 meetings where I presented project results with the project advisory committee, which consists of organizational leaders that work with farmworkers in Indiana. In 2022, I also worked to move the grant from Purdue to UTRGV and update research objectives to focus on the RGV of Texas, to support a graduate student and undergraduate students instead of a postdoctoral research associate, to connect with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis, and to focus the research on how farmworkers and organizations experienced COVID-19 and social-ecological change, not just COVID-19. In 2023, I began my efforts to understand my target audience in the RGV of Texas. In particular, I identied and made contact with 4 nonprofits that work with farmworkers in the RGV. The incoming student will use these organizations as a foundation for finding more organizations across the RGV. I also submitted all research plans and documents to the UTRGV Institutional Review Board (IRB) so that I could start contacting organizations and farmworkers for interviews and thus better connect with the local target audience in the RGV. This protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. In 2023-2024, Icompleted multiple tasks to connect with my target audience. First, I hired a part-time graduate student who is well-connected to the farmworker community in the RGVto assist with recruitingfarmworkers for the survey. Second, Icontracted a community-based organization to support data collection. Third, I also partnered with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis to help with survey design. In total, we also collected over 400 surveys with farmworkers in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. To date, this is one of the largest surveys conducted with farmworkers.We intend to present these results to our partner organization in the 2024-2025 year. Lastly,I was also able to present my findings from research conducted in Indiana to the Indiana Seasonal and Migrant Farmworker Coalition.I am working with another graduate student to contact local organizations in the RGV for semi-structured interviews. Changes/Problems:This project began as a postdoctoral research associate grant, which I received at Purdue University in 2021. Since receiving this grant, there have been numerous, notable changes, which have slowed progress. I received one No Cost Extension in 2022, and I plan to apply for another No Cost Extension in 2023 so that I canaddress updated research objectives that were approved by the USDA. I have described these below. Transfer the Grant to UTRGV from Purdue: In January 2022, I started a facutly position at UTRGV. Upon receiving this position, I worked with the USDA, UTRGV Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Advancement (SARA), UTRGV, and Purdue to transfer the grant from Purdue to UTRGV. This grant was officially transferred in the summer of 2022. I made this change because I wanted to continue this important research at my new institution. Update Grant Objectives: In the summer of 2022, I started the formal process to update the grant's objectives in numerous areas. I made these changes because I wanted to conduct this research in the RGV and support and train UTRGV students in this process. The followingchanges were approved in the Fall of 2022. First, I updated the grant to focus on the RGV of Texas rather than in Indiana. Second, I changed the grant terms so that I could hire and support one graduate student and numerous undergraduate research assistants instead of hiring just one postdoctoral research associate. Third, I officially partnered with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis (CSRPA) to improve our capacity to conduct the farmworker survey in the RGV. Fourth, I updated the research objectives to include a focus on how farmworkers and organizations experienced COVID-19 and social and climatic changes, not just COVID-19. Fifth, I added an additional interview component, allowing us to interview organizational professionals in Texas, not just Indiana. Sixth, I applied for and received a No Cost Extension so that I could meet project goals. Upon approval of these updates, I began the search for a master's student for January of 2023. I found an excellent candidate, but he cannot start until August of 2023. I also started the process of updating the literature review, updated the interview instruments to reflect the RGV context and the focus on social-ecological changes, and successfully received IRB approval for the project. In July of 2023, I plan to start contacting farmworker serving organizations in the RGV for interviews and attending meetings of a local public health task force that often focuses on farmworker issues. In December of 2023, I plan to formally apply for a second No Cost Extension so that I can adequately meet research objectives. During the Fall semester of 2023 and the Spring semester of 2024, I will work with the graduate students, SARA, CRSPA, and local organizations to design a survey and interview protocol to conduct research with farmworkers in the RGV of Texas. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?2021: APhD student from the Purdue University Human Dimensions Lab worked with me to collect qualitative data from farmworkers and farmworker-serving organizations in Indiana. She gained qualitative data collection and analysis skills by supporting this project. 2022-2023: I worked with a graduate student from the Department of Public Affairs and Policy Studies to update the project literature review. As part of this project, I trained the student in how to conduct a literature synethsis and taught the student about agricultural labor in the United States. 2023-2024:I recruiteda graduate student to design and distribute a farmworker survey in the RGV. He just started his second year in the UTRGV master's program, Agriculture, Environment, and Sustainability Science. While at UTRGV, he has learned about survey design, social science fieldwork, community-engaged research, and statistics. He is currently analyzing data from the survey and intends to pursue a PhD in environmental social science upon graduation from UTRGV. In the spring of 2024, I also recruited and hired a part-time graduate assistant who had previous experience working with the farmworker community in the RGV. During her time with the project, she learned about research ethics, survey deisgn, and fieldwork. I am also working with another graduate student to conduct interviews with local farmworkers and organizations across the RGV to compliment data collected in Indiana. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In both 2021 and 2022, I attended 10 meetings of the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also presented 1 presentation of ongoing project results to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also conducted 5 meetings where I presented project results with the project advisory committee, which consists of organizational leaders that work with farmworkers in Indiana. In 2023, I started identifying farmworker-serving organizations in the RGV of Texas to start project outreach and interview recruitment. During the 2023-2024 year, I presented the results from my research to theIndiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. We plan to present our results from the TX survey to our partner organization this year. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For the 2024-2025 year, I plan to do the following activities: Work with graduate student to analyze data:I will work with a graduate student to analyze and interpret survey data. Interview RGV-Based Farmworker-Serving Organizations:In 2024-2025, I plan to work with a graduate studentto contact local organizations that serve and work with farmworkers in the RGV. These organizations include by are not limited to ARISE, LUPE, the Department of Labor, and Proyecto Azteca. I also plan to support a student as heinterviews 10-15organizational professionals in the RGV. Interview Farmworkers in the RGV:I will mentor a graduate student as heto interviews 10-15 migrant, seasonal, and H-2A visa-holding farmworkers in the RGV. Submit Two Articles for Publication: I plan to lead one article analyzing the qualitative data from the Indiana portion of this project. I also plan to support a graduate student in the process of preparing and submitting a publication from the survey data to a peer-reviewed publication. Mentor Graduate Student to Graduation: I plan to work with a student to graduate in the Present Resutls from Research at Mutiple Conferences:I plan to support a graduate student to attend the American Association of Geographers Conference in Detroit, MI where he will present the results from the farmworker survey. I also plan to present results at the annual conference for UTRGV Center for Community Resilience Research, Innovation, and Advocacy. Present Results to Community-Based Organization: I plan to work with graduate students to present resutls from the survey and interviews to the board of Proyecto Azteca, a local community-based organization that worked with us to collect data from farmworkers. Starting in July of2023, I plan to begin data collection in the RGV of Texas. In particular, I plan to conduct the following activities: Hire Master's student: I have recruited a master's student who will be supported by this project. He will start in the Fall of 2023. I will train this student in environmental social science. Design Survey Instrument: I plan to work with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis, stakeholders, and students to collaborative create a survey instrument, design a random (if possible) sampling strategy, and create a management plan for farmworker survey implementation. Identify Undergraduate Research Assistants: In 2023-2024, I will identify UTRGV undergraduate students to support research activities and survey disemmination. Disemminate Results to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition (IMSFC): I plan to work with the IMSFC to identify the most appropriate way to present results to the Coalition. Then, following their direction, I will make a plan to present results to relevant stakeholders. Apply for a second No Cost Extension: I plan to submit an official request for a second No Cost Extension in December of 2023.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective #1: Determine the ways in which farmworker-serving organizations have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, how they perceive their responses with a focus on the challenges they face, and organizational learning processes during the pandemic. 2021: I identified and contacted 55 people from 21 organizations who work with farmworkers in Indiana. I also collected and reviewed 6 organizational and 8 governmental reports, attended and observed 9 IMSFC meetings, and collected and reviewed minutes from 9 IMSFC meetings. I conducted and transcribed 17 semi-structured interviews with 18 organizational professionals. This has resulted in approximately 1100 minutes of interviews data. 2022: I transferred the grant from Purdue to UTRGV, my new institution. I then updated project objectives so that I could focus the research on the RGV of Texas, rather than Indiana. With this update, I was able to reduce travel funds and increase funding for research in the RGV. In particular, I increased research objectives from only conducting 20-25 interviews with organizations, 20-25 interviews with farmworkers, and surveys with farmworkers in Indiana TO conducting 20-25 interviews with organizations in Indiana AND 20-25 interviews with farmworkers, and surveys with farmworkers in Texas. In short, I was able to increase research output by conducting an additional 20-25 interviews with organizational professionals in the RGV. 2022-2023: I worked with a graduate student to update the literature review to identify what types of research focuses on organizations that serve farm workers. We collected and analyzed 15 articles that focused on organizations, farmworkers, and COVID-19. I also identified 4 organizations in the RGV that work with farmworkers. I also successfully recruited a master's student, who is starting in the Fall of 2023. The graduate student will be trained in environmental social science and pursue his master's thesis in association with this grant. I also updated the interview protocol to reflect the RGV organizational context and focus more on climate and other social-ecological changes. I submitted documents and project information to the UTRGV IRB for approval. The protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. 2023-2024: I have continued analyzing qualitative data from qualitative fieldwork in Indiana to better understand the waysfarmworker servingorganizations addressedCOVID-19. One key finding is that the organizations had to chagne their strategies due to the type of farmworkers they were working with (H-2A, migrant/seasonal, or residential). I am also working with a graduate student to update our interview protocol from the work in Indiana to make it applicable the RGV of Texas. We have made numerous drafts and plan to submit the updated draft to the UTRGV IRB this semester. Objective #2: Determine the challenges farmworkers face during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they perceive the responses from farmworker-serving organizations. 2021: In Indiana, I conducted and transcribed semi-structured interviews with 14 with 17 farmworkers. This has resulted in approximately 300 minutes of interview data, reviewed 6 organizational and 8 governmental reports, attended 2 farmworker vaccination events, visited 2 farms, identified and visited 3 farmworker camps in Indiana, and visited 1 Spanish-speaking church. 2022: I worked with UTRGV and the USDA to officially update the objectives so that I could conduct research in the RGV of Texas. I also updated objectives so that I could hire a UTRGV master's student and fund undergraduate research assistants to work on this project, focus the research on both COVID-19 and climatic and other social-ecological changes, work with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis to design the survey instrument. 2022-2023: I worked with a graduate student to update the literature review to identify what types of research focuses on organizations that serve farm workers. We collected and analyzed 15 articles that focused on organizations, farmworkers, and COVID-19. I also identified 4 organizations in the RGV that work with farmworkers. I also successfully recruited a master's student, who is starting in the Fall of 2023. The graduate student will be trained in environmental social science and pursue his master's thesis in association with this grant. I also updated the farmworker interview protocol to reflect the RGV organizational context and focus more on climate and other social-ecological changes. I submitted documents and project information to the UTRGV IRB for approval. The protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. 2023-2024: I recruited and hired a graduate student, Cody Mortell, to design and distribute a survey across the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas to investigate how farmworkers experienced COVID-19, and how they are perceiving and experiences other climate and social-ecological changes. With support from a local organization and two othergraduate students as well as the UTRGV Center for Survey Design and Policy Analysis, we successfully completed this fieldwork in April and May of 2024. To do this survey, we had to work with the UTRGV IRB to update our protocol and train surveyors on ethics in social science. Objective #3: Identify mechanisms through which farmworker-serving organizations can improve their effectiveness and better serve farmworkers in Indiana and potentially the Midwest in the face of future crises. 2021: I conducted preliminary analyses of qualitative data, which showed that COVID-19 likely increased farmworker vulnerabilities like food (in)security, isolation, and economic precarity. It also showed that WhatsApp and Facebook Live were the most useful modalities to communicate with farmworkers during the pandemic. Moreover, it demonstrated that collaboration across organizations supported individual organizations as they provided direct support to workers; however, communication could be improved in the face of future disasters and crises. Overall, organizational professionals feel more prepared to address farmworker needs in the face of future crises after COVID-19. 2022: I continued analyses of qualitative data to determine two specific findings: (1) Organizations increasingly relied on labor contractors, instead of farmers, as points of contact during COVID-19. A quarter of organizational interviewees experessed that contractors were more difficult to contact than farmers. These same interviewees expressed that farm workers with H-2A visas had very different challenges than migrant workers and that organizations were not prepared to address these challenges. (2) COVID-19 exacerbated existing vulnerabilities for farmworkers, especially like food and economic insecurity and isolation Presentations on these results were conducted at the 2022 Association of American Geographers conference, the 2022 joint annualmeeting of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, and the 2022 American Association of Anthropologists Conference. 2022-2023: I have prepared a draft publication, to be submitted in the Fall of 2023 to a peer-reviewed journal, which compares how farmworkers in Peru and Indiana experienced and adddresed COVID-19. 2023-2024: I presented research from this project at the 2024 Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society. This presentation identifies ways that organizations can adequatley support different types of farmworkers (H-2A, migrant/seasonal, and resident) during crises like COVID-19. Graduate student Cody Mortell also presented research from this project at the 2024 International Association for Society and Natural Resources conference. Cody presented on preliminary findings from the farmworker survey, which identified what farmworkers had the least social capital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publications

Progress 06/15/22 to 06/14/23

Outputs
Target Audience:In both 2021 and 2022, I attended 10 meetings of theIndiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition.I also presented 1 presentation of ongoing projectresults to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also conducted 5 meetings whereI presented project results with the project advisory committee, which consists of organizationalleaders that work with farmworkers in Indiana. In 2022, I also worked to move the grant from Purdue to UTRGV and update research objectives to focus on the RGV of Texas, to support a graduate student and undergraduate students instead of a postdoctoral research associate, to connect with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis, and to focus the research on how farmworkers and organizations experienced COVID-19 and social-ecological change, not just COVID-19. In 2023, I began my efforts to understand my target audience in the RGV of Texas. In particular,I identiedand made contact with 4 nonprofits that work with farmworkers in the RGV. The incoming student will use these organizations as a foundation for finding more organizations across the RGV. I also submitted all research plans and documents to the UTRGV Institutional Review Board (IRB) so that I could start contacting organizations and farmworkersfor interviews and thus better connect with the local target audience in the RGV.This protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. Changes/Problems:This project began as a postdoctoral research associate grant, which I received at Purdue University in 2021. Since receiving this grant, there have been numerous, notable changes, which have slowed progress. I received one No Cost Extension in 2022, and I plan to apply for another No Cost Extension in 2023 so that I canaddress updated researchobjectives that were approved by the USDA. I have described thesebelow. Transfer the Grant to UTRGV from Purdue:In January 2022, I started a facutly position at UTRGV. Upon receiving this position, I worked with the USDA, UTRGV Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Advancement (SARA),UTRGV, and Purdueto transfer the grant from Purdue to UTRGV. This grant was officially transferred in the summer of 2022. I made this change because I wanted to continue this important research at my new institution. Update Grant Objectives: In the summer of 2022, I started the formal process to update the grant's objectives in numerous areas. I made these changes because I wanted to conduct this research in the RGV and support and train UTRGV students in this process. These changes were approved in the Fall of 2022. First, I updated the grantto focus on the RGV of Texas rather than in Indiana. Second, I changed the grant terms so that I could hire and support one graduate student and numerous undergraduate research assistants instead of hiring just one postdoctoral research associate. Third, I officially partnered with the UTRGV Center for Survey Researchand Policy Analysis (CSRPA)to improve our capacity to conduct the farmworker survey in the RGV. Fourth, I updated the research objectives to include a focus on how farmworkers and organizations experiencedCOVID-19 and social and climatic changes, not just COVID-19. Fifth, I added an additional interview component, allowing us to interview organizational professionals in Texas, not just Indiana. Sixth, I applied for and received a No Cost Extension so that I could meet project goals. Upon approval of these updates, I began the search for a master's student for January of 2023. I found an excellent candidate, but he cannot start until August of 2023. I also started the process of updating the literature review, updated the interview instruments to reflect the RGV context and the focus on social-ecological changes, andsuccessfully received IRB approval for the project. In July of 2023, I plan to start contacting farmworker serving organizations in the RGV for interviews and attending meetings of a local public health task force that often focuses on farmworker issues. In December of 2023, I plan to formally apply for a second No Cost Extension so that I can adequately meet research objectives. During the Fall semester of 2023 and the Spring semester of 2024, I will work with the graduate students, SARA, CRSPA, and local organizations to design a survey and interview protocol to conduct research with farmworkers in the RGV of Texas. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In 2021,a PhD student from the Purdue University Human Dimensions Lab worked with me to collect qualitative data from farmworkers and farmworker-serving organizations in Indiana. She gained qualitative data collection and analysis skills by supporting this project. In 2023, I worked with a graduate student from the Department of Public Affairs and Policy Studies to update the project literature review. As part of this project, I trained the student in how to conduct a literature synethsis and taught the student about agricultural labor in the United States. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In both 2021 and 2022, I attended 10 meetings of theIndiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition.I also presented 1 presentation of ongoing projectresults to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition. I also conducted 5 meetings whereI presented project results with the project advisory committee, which consists of organizationalleaders that work with farmworkers in Indiana. In 2023, I started identifying farmworker-servingorganizations in the RGV of Texas to start project outreach and interview recruitment. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In 2023, I plan to begin data collection in the RGV of Texas. In particular, I plan to conduct the following activities: Hire Master's student:I have recruited a master's student who will be supported by this project. He will start in the Fall of 2023. I will train this student in Identify, Contact, and Interview RGV-Based Farmworker-Serving Organizations:In 2023 and 2024, I plan to work with the UTRGV Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Advancement to contactlocal organizations that serve and work with farmworkers in the RGV. These organizations include by are not limited to ARSISE,LUPE, the Department of Labor, and Proyecto Azteca. I will also attend monthly meetings of an RGV health task force that often works with farmworker issues. I also plan to lead efforts to interview 20-25 organizational professionals in the RGV. Interview Farmworkers in the RGV: I will lead efforts to interview 20-25 migrant, seasonal, and visa-holding farmworkers in the RGV. Design Survey Instrument: I plan to work with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis, stakeholders, and students to collaborative create a survey instrument, design a random (if possible) sampling strategy, and create a management plan for farmworker survey implementation. Identify Undergraduate Research Assistants: In 2023-2024, I will identify UTRGV undergraduate students to support research activities and survey disemmination. Disemminate Results to the Indiana Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Coalition (IMSFC):I plan to work with the IMSFC to identify the most appropriate way to present results to the Coalition. Then, following their direction, I will make a planto present results to relevant stakeholders. Apply for a second No Cost Extension: I plan to submit an official request for a second No Cost Extension in December of 2023.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? **I completed and submitted a REEPort for this project when I transferred from Purdue to UTRGV, but it is not listed in prior project progress reports, soI have listed all project updates and progress from 2021. Objective #1: Determine the ways in which farmworker-serving organizations have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, how they perceive their responses with a focus on the challenges they face, and organizational learning processes during the pandemic. 2021: I identified and contacted 55 people from 21 organizations who work with farmworkers in Indiana.I also collected and reviewed 6 organizational and 8 governmental reports, attended and observed 9 IMSFC meetings, and collected and reviewed minutes from 9 IMSFC meetings.I conducted and transcribed 17semi-structured interviews with 18 organizational professionals. This has resulted in approximately 1100minutes of interviews data. 2022:I transferred the grant from Purdue to UTRGV, my new institution. I then updated project objectives so that I could focus the research on the RGV of Texas, rather than Indiana. With this update, I was able to reduce travel funds and increase funding for research in the RGV. In particular, I increased research objectives from only conducting 20-25interviews with organizations,20-25 interviews with farmworkers, and surveys with farmworkers in Indiana TOconducting 20-25interviews with organizations in Indiana AND20-25 interviews with farmworkers,and surveys with farmworkers in Texas. In short, I was able to increase research output by conducting an additional 20-25 interviews with organizational professionals in the RGV. 2023: I worked with a graduate student to update theliterature review to identify what types of research focuses on organizations that serve farm workers. We collected and analyzed 15 articles that focused on organizations, farmworkers, and COVID-19. I also identified 4 organizations in the RGV that workwith farmworkers. I also successfully recruited a master's student, who is starting in the Fall of 2023. The graduate studentwill be trained in environmental social science and pursue his master's thesis in association with this grant. I also updated the interview protocol to reflect the RGV organizational context and focus more on climate and other social-ecological changes. I submitted documents and project information to the UTRGV IRB for approval. The protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. Objective #2: Determine the challenges farmworkers face during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they perceive the responses from farmworker-serving organizations. 2021: In Indiana, I conducted and transcribed semi-structured interviews with 14 with 17farmworkers. This has resulted in approximately 300 minutes of interview data, reviewed 6 organizational and 8 governmental reports, attended 2 farmworker vaccination events, visited 2 farms, identified and visited 3 farmworker camps in Indiana, and visited 1 Spanish-speaking church. 2022:I worked with UTRGV and the USDA to officiallyupdatethe objectives so that I could conduct research in the RGV of Texas. I also updated objectives so that I couldhire a UTRGV master's student and fund undergraduate research assistants to work on this project, focus the research on both COVID-19 and climatic and other social-ecological changes, work with the UTRGV Center for Survey Research and Policy Analysis to design the survey instrument. 2023: I worked with a graduate student to update theliterature review to identify what types of research focuses on organizations that serve farm workers. We collected and analyzed 15 articles that focused on organizations, farmworkers, and COVID-19. I also identified 4 organizations in the RGV that workwith farmworkers. I also successfully recruited a master's student, who is starting in the Fall of 2023. The graduate studentwill be trained in environmental social science and pursue his master's thesis in association with this grant.I also updated the farmworker interview protocol to reflect the RGV organizational context and focus more on climate and other social-ecological changes.I submitted documents and project information to the UTRGV IRB for approval. The protocol was approved in the Spring of 2023. Objective #3: Identify mechanisms through which farmworker-serving organizations can improve their effectiveness and better serve farmworkers in Indiana and potentially the Midwest in the face of future crises. 2021: I conducted preliminary analyses of qualitative data, which showed thatCOVID-19 likely increased farmworker vulnerabilities like food (in)security, isolation, and economic precarity. It also showed thatWhatsApp and Facebook Live were the most useful modalities to communicate with farmworkers during the pandemic. Moreover, it demonstrated that collaboration across organizations supported individual organizations as they provided direct support to workers; however, communication could be improved in the face of future disasters and crises.Overall, organizational professionals feel more prepared to address farmworker needs in the face of future crises after COVID-19. 2022:I continued analyses of qualitative data to determine two specific findings: (1) Organizations increasingly relied on laborcontractors, instead of farmers, as points of contact during COVID-19. A quarter of organizational interviewees experessed that contractors were more difficult to contact than farmers. These same interviewees expressed that farm workers with H-2A visas had very different challenges than migrant workers and that organizations were not prepared to address these challenges. (2) COVID-19 exacerbated existing vulnerabilities for farmworkers, especially like food and economic insecurity and isolation Presentations on these results were conducted at the 2022Association of American Geographers conference, the 2022joint annualmeeting of the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and the Association for the Study of Food and Society, and the 2022 American Association of Anthropologists Conference. 2023: I have prepared a draft publication, to be submitted in the Fall of 2023 to a peer-reviewed journal, which compares how farmworkers in Peru and Indiana experienced and adddresed COVID-19.

Publications