Source: HMONG AMERICAN FARMERS ASSOCIATION submitted to NRP
BUILDING CAPACITY AND BUILDING LINKS BETWEEN HMONG FARMERS AND USDA PROGRAMS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1028549
Grant No.
2022-70416-37216
Cumulative Award Amt.
$726,628.00
Proposal No.
2022-03093
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Apr 1, 2022
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2027
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[ARP]- ARP Technical Assistance Investment Program
Recipient Organization
HMONG AMERICAN FARMERS ASSOCIATION
941 LAFOND AVE WEST STE 100
SAINT PAUL,MN 55104
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
The Hmong American Farmers Association (HAFA) is requesting a Cooperative Agreement with USDA to provide outreach and technical assistance to historically underserved farmers and ranchers. Our work addresses all five priority areas: assisting farmers in owning and operating successful farms, improving the participation of underserved farmers and ranchers in USDA programs, building solid relationships between our constituency of underserved farmers and USDA staff, using innovative outreach and technical assistance techniques designed specifically for immigrant farmers to introduce agricultural information to underserved farmers and hosting program specifically designed for socially disadvantage/ underserved youth to learn about agriculture in rural areas.HAFA is an experienced 501(c)3 organization created in 2011 to give Hmong farmers in Minnesota a collective and critical voice in conversations around agriculture, food supply chains and wealth creation. The mission of the organization is to advance the economic, social and cultural prosperity of these farmers and their children and grandchildren by focusing on increasing access to land, new markets (to augment farmers markets), capital, credit, research and trainings. Unlike other organizations that may work with Hmong farmers only once or twice a year at conference workshops, HAFA works year round and has multiple interactions with its committed membership of Hmong farmers. HAFA is the only organization is Minnesota (and the only one we know if in the country) that was founded by and is led by Hmong Americans solely for the purpose of advancing Hmong farmers and their families.Inspired by HAFA, Hmong farmers and their partner organizations in several other states have contacted HAFA staff, interested to learn how they could develop a similar training program for themselves. At the same time, young members of the Hmong community whose families chose not pursue farming upon immigrating to American, are also now wanting to better understand the strong pull of farming in Hmong culture, and explore agriculture as a career. Our Project involves both increasing the depth of our existing work with farmers, and expanding our work to four new geographic areas as well as developing a special program for youth.To date, only a handful of Hmong farmers have been able to qualify for USDA or FSA programs. For immigrant farmers, the significant language and cultural barriers make participating in USDA or other public or private programs to assist small farmers largely inaccessible. Our proposal addresses the language and cultural challenge by offering programming to Hmong farmers in the Hmong language and in many cases, delivered by members of their own community - a critical factor that differentiates our programs from others and enhances our rate of long-term success.HAFA was founded by farmers from the community base being served. This history leads to stronger relationships, better participation in training events, and greater confidence that our guidance will be followed. Many other programs simply train farmers in agriculture or hand them flyers with a USDA logo on them and leave the farmers to fend for themselves; we know that immigrant farmers need an advocate and an ally in order to access USDA programs and market opportunities, and we make sure we are that advocate/ally. We are trusted allies, and well-placed to introduce immigrant farmers to the opportunities that USDA programs can offer, and guide them through the process. Our goal is to support the expansion of these underserved farmers and ranchers to become viable commercial enterprises through the delivery serviceprovidedwhile linking to USDA programs to assist in this process.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
60260303100100%
Goals / Objectives
To date, only a handful of Hmong farmers have been able to qualify for USDA or FSA programs. For immigrant farmers, the significant language and cultural barriers make participating in USDA or other public or private programs to assist small farmers largely inaccessible. Our proposal addresses the language and cultural challenge by offering programming to Hmong farmers in the Hmong language and in many cases, delivered by members of their own community - a critical factor that differentiates our programs from others and enhances our rate of long-term success.HAFA was founded by farmers from the community base being served. This history leads to stronger relationships, better participation in training events, and greater confidence that our guidance will be followed. We are trusted allies, and well-placed to introduce immigrant farmers to the opportunities that USDA programs can offer, and guide them through the process. Our goal is to support the expansion of these farms to become viable commercial enterprises through the delivery of services described in this proposal, linking to USDA programs to assist in this process.Young would-be Hmong farmers are better educated in general than elders, many having college degrees. They are more comfortable with emerging agricultural techniques such as hydroponics or vertical farming, but their biggest barrier is lack of experience. Youth also have voiced a desire to learn about Hmong agricultural practices, something that is missing in traditional beginning farmer curricula. Our project will add this element.Hmong farmers near the Twin Cities are fortunate to have HAFA. Hmong farmers at our other state sites face the additional barrier of isolation--there are few organizations dedicated to Hmong farming in the U.S., and none in Wisconsin, Washington state or Oregon, the states targeted by our project for expansion. Hmong farmers in these states must struggle with barriers on their own. Our project is intended to help them bridge the divide between traditional Hmong farming and the opportunities presented by contemporary techniques, markets, and USDA programming.HAFA's training is unique in its linguistic and cultural elements, but also unusual in other ways: our training approach addresses the needs of the whole farming family including adult children of immigrants, is inclusive of land stewardship concepts, and connects beginning producers consistently and explicitly to next-stage opportunities such as micro-loans and marketing contracts. Many other programs simply train farmers in agriculture or hand them flyers with a USDA logo on them and leave the farmers to fend for themselves; we know that immigrant farmers need an advocate and an ally in order to access USDA programs and market opportunities, and we make sure we are that advocate/ally.
Project Methods
The anticipated long term outcomes of our work is that low income, socially disadvantaged farmers will be better able to access USDA loan and grant programs, and that through these programs, socially disadvantaged farmers will increase economic stability through higher farm sales, more sales outlets, and ultimately more net income at the end of the year. Our program will acquaint these farmers with USDA programs and staff, and our training and technical assistance will help farmers to be more success farm owners and operators.Specific outcomes of each of the four objectives of our project (Increase ability of Hmong farmers to earn an income from farming; share benefits of the HAFA approach with Hmong farmers elsewhere, enhance USDA relations and program participation, and link youth to farming).Performance Measures:There are four key objectives that we will be tracking to ensure each set of activities remain on track. We will track and measure our progress in meeting these performance goals through a number of means described below:Tracking and Measuring Results:Our plan for tracking and measuring program results includes a combination of timely interim measures of progress throughout the year combined with periodic analysis of results to ensure that we are meeting expected outcomes and using resources effectively and efficiently:Output Measurement:We will track program attendees through workshop registrations and event sign-in forms. Attendees at training events will be queried regarding their knowledge of USDA resources in a pre-and post-test fashion to identify any increase in knowledge of, and receptiveness to, USDA programs, as well as identify any gaps in knowledge. These figures will be collected by HAFA field staff monthly, and submitted to the program director within 15 days of the close of each month to ensure that on-going measures are consistently tabulated individually by event and on an on-going basis for the program overall, allowing us to intervene in timely way if there are any issues.Each farmer that we work with individually will fill out an intake form to collect baseline data on farm sales, customer base and family income. We will also use these intake meetings to gather specific information about each individual farmer, so that we may better direct them to USDA programs and services that meet their needs. The number of events held and new curriculum developed are simple to measure and report quantitatively, but we will also establish qualitative measures for each, administering a program evaluation at each event. Outreach figures for radio and TV programming will come from the stations hosting the programs.We will track the number of socially disadvantaged farmers making loan applications to USDA (and if unsuccessful with USDA, to other sources) through our intensive work with individual farmers and through our ongoing relationships with local USDA staff. Each quarter, we will do an evaluation of progress in meeting each output objective, and will redirect resources accordingly if any area is lagging. In addition, our staff will maintain on an ongoing database of each farmer or farm family we work with, so as to be better able to track their individual goals and progression.Outcome measurement:HAFA will be able to document and evaluate outcomes through a robust series of social research tools including ethnographic one-to-one interviews, pre- and post- season surveys, vocal evaluations instead of written forms for illiterate participants, attendance sheets, and a 50 question in-person longitudinal survey which has been conducted by HAFA staff every year since 2012 and is given to all the farmers who work with HAFA (and will be implemented by our partner organizations as well). This survey asks questions about the farming operation, sales per acre, what crops were grown and why, what farm management practices were employed on the farm, the yield per acre, what are the hopes and fears of the farmers etc. They questions are both to ascertain financial information as well as information about social capital and farmers' self-efficacy. HAFA has already developed and implemented these evaluation tools, which have been honed in practice over the last seven years.Additionally, we will be in regular contact with state and local USDA staff to measure progress on meeting our outcome goals.

Progress 04/01/23 to 03/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:During this reporting period, the audience addressed are socially disadvantage, limited resources and underserve Hmong farming community. Hmong farmers are integral to the local food system andhave been farming for a number of year, providing fresh local grown and culturally appropiate produce to support the communties and low income food insecure families, however, due to language barrier and access to resources and oppportunities, struggles to obtain a sustainable and financial viable farming operation. As such, the activites duringthis reporting period seeks to advance and build the capacity of Hmong farmers through various avenues that consist of bi-lingual biculturaltraining, techinical asistance and access to resources from USDA programming. Furthermore, in the process of creating opportuntites for long-standing Hmongfarmers, this also paves a pathway to introduce young Hmongfarmers to farming. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The information collected was shared through various outlet; social media, organizational newsletter, in prentation with communtiy partners, extension staff, the department of agriculture and with USDA staffs that includes states and county offices. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we planto continue the training program provided and incorporate new trainings and workshop that includes best practices to planting perennials fruit trees, provide technical assistant with installation of table top strawberries, construct a succession plan on incorporating cover crops and conducta high tunnel construction and best practicesessions with Hmong and other small scale BIPOC farmers. Furthermore, as farmers have been informed of USDA Whole Farm Revenue, loans, and climateprogram;recording keeping and Schedule F has been the greatest hurdle to overcome, thus, a Schedule F tax training workshop for Hmong tax preparer will be implemented to support Hmongfarmers in submitting the appropiatetax documentations and allow them to eligibilty to particiaptefor allUSDA activities.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This project focuses on providing adequate resources for socially disadvantage, limtied resources andunderserve Hmong farmers to increase their capacity and resource to create sustainable farming businessand accessUSDA programs. As such, multiple trainings and workshops was conducted to ensures information are shared and delivered in the farmers native tongue to eliminatelanguage barriers, and ensure clarity onthe information provided. Throughout the reporting period, 10bi-lingual training sessions was delivered, held4 workshops that includes table top strawberry production in high tunnel anda USDA FSA NAP information and application session; conducted multiple one to one sessions on various topic from crop mapping, record keeping software, market contracts and perennial production. As a result, a total fo 213 Hmong farmers participated in the trainingsand workshops offer, over 90 one to one sessions was conducted and over 80% of the participants expresssed increase in knowledge. While it is importance to identify increase knowledge and awareness to various programs, it was also vital to caputure changes in farmer behavior, which result in over 1000 fruit trees ordered, 15000 strawberry crowns and over a 1000 pounds of cover crops order for the upcoming season.

Publications


    Progress 04/01/22 to 03/31/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The targeted audience during this reporting period focused on limited resource, social disadvantage, underserve Hmongfarming communities in various region of the United States that includes Minnesota, Oregon and Florida. The regions identified are area with large population of small scale specialty crop produces, growing produce to support local food access through farmers market, wholesale, institutition and Community Support Agriculture (CSA) program, yet lack access to resources to improve or advance their farming operation. While some of the approach consist of a collaboration withcommuntiy partners within the respected region, others relationship was developed organically through community needs and support to addressnatural disasters.The outreach approached to achieve our efforts resides in various tactics that include virtual sessions, as COVID-19 was still a challenge to overcome in-person meeting;in-classroom training, as COVID-19 became more manageable and the increase in available vaccination; and lastly, in-field informational sessions. Changes/Problems:Throughout the project period, a majorshift in the project was primarily due to the disruption of the OCVID-19 pandemic, where community partner organization did not have the capacity nor did Hmong farmers have access to technology to participate invirtual training. As such, while training was not conducted, community partners were able to obtain reources and shared them among the Hmong farmers in their respected area. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As a result of this project, we were able to develop Farm Business Management train the trainer course with Farm Business Management instructor from Ridewater Collegefor young Hmong to enroll and further their financial literacy, understand best practices to farm business management, learnedFINPAK, a farm financial software. As a result, the new trainee gained the knoweldge necessaryto deliver a bi-lingual bicultural Hmong Farm Business Management trainingfor Hmong farmers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information obtain as a result of the project were shared through various outlet that includes; conferences, organizational presentation, social media, newsletters, and through community engagement. As such, thisattracted new inquiries, request and technical support of other Hmong farmers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, our plan is to conduct a longitudinal studies to identify the needs of Hmongs farmers to better support their needs and provided the resources necessary to create sustainabel farming operation. Moreover, we will contionue to consult with extensions, USDA and other experts to explore new programmings, tactics and research that can be introduce through a bi-lingual bi-cultural Hmong training program. In addition to the exploration of new approach, it is also intended to conduct and high tunnel trainingworkshop that will further guide Hmong farmers on alternative farming practices, hone on climate smart practicesto address climate change, best practices to record keeping, and othe resources that will further current Hmogn farmers, as well as prepare the next generation who are entering.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Hmong farmers are vital in the food and farming industry by ensuringincrease access to locally grown produce and inthe revitalization of their farmer market system, but lack the opportunities and resources to futher advance their farming operation in the creation of a financially viable and sustaining operation. Let alone, due to language barriers and equitable access toresources,training, research andUSDA programming, Hmong farmers were at a disadvantag in advancingtheir practices and farming operation compared to main stream white produceres.In the past period, we were succesful in executing a number of trainings and workshops with socially disadvatage, limited resource and underserve Hmong farmers accross the United State that span out in area of Minnesota, Wahington, Oregon and Florida. The training provided resourcesand elevated Hmong farmers ability to futher understand best practices and tactics to advance their farming operation, implement climate smart practices and utlize USDA programs. During the reporting period, 19total sessions was completed supporting251 Hmong farmers that includes: 14in-classroom training, 1 synchronous virtual training and 4in-field workshops.As a result of the trainings and workshops available:20 Whole Farm and Food Safety plan was generated, 18 Hmong farmers implemented drip irrigation on their farm,40 acres of cover crops was incorporated,5 USDA NRCS EQIP application submitted, and 1 Farm Business Plan was completed that result in the purchase of a farm vehicle to transport produce to the farmer's market.

    Publications