Source: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
STRENGTHENING CANOLA PROFITABILITY IN NORTH CENTRAL US
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1023754
Grant No.
2020-38624-32471
Cumulative Award Amt.
$337,370.00
Proposal No.
2020-08005
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2020
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2023
Grant Year
2021
Program Code
[HW]- Supplemental and Alternative Crops
Recipient Organization
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
1310 BOLLEY DR
FARGO,ND 58105-5750
Performing Department
Plant Pathology
Non Technical Summary
The demand for canola oil in the United States is almost three times larger than the current national supply. The north central region of theUS contributes more than 83% of the US total canola production. While this represents a great opportunity for farmers in the region, canola producers face increased production costs and competition from crops with lowerinput demands. Strengthening the profitabilty of canola production will go long ways to ensure farmers are able to close the supply/demand gap and secure a steady source of income. This project intends to contribute to this scenario by developing/identifyinggermplasm with improved capability to produce oil, resist theattack of diseases like clubroot, and thrive in drylands with salinity issues; developing management strategies that reduce input costs, e.g. evaluating desiccants thatfacilitate direct harvest of wide-row canola (which would require fewer seeds per acre), optimizingfertilizer and herbicide use, and providing timely information on the status of clubroot prevalence and management practices thatreduce its rate of spread andimpact on canola production in the region; and making a concerted effort to disseminate the information generated through this project to farmers. The latter would be achieved by combining activities of the agricultural extension services of the three states involved in this project, e.g. North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota, and of the participating researchers. Some of the activities to be organized for farmers/producers and industry associates include field and demonstration days,education meetings, extension bulletins, press articles, and research conferences. Manuscripts to be published in refereed journals and presentations at professional meetings will be prepared to inform the scientific community at large. To fully achieve the goals of this project a minimum of three years will be required; however, only activities of the first year are presented here.
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
70%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1021848101010%
1031848107010%
2021848108160%
2121848117010%
2131848114010%
Knowledge Area
103 - Management of Saline and Sodic Soils and Salinity; 212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1848 - Canola;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology; 1081 - Breeding; 1010 - Nutrition and metabolism; 1140 - Weed science; 1170 - Epidemiology;
Goals / Objectives
1. Develop germplasm and agronomic practices that enhance canola production.Identify best-adapted hybrids for new canola-producing areas.Develop high oil-yielding canola cultivars adapted to North Dakota conditions and characterize genomic regions associated with seed oil content.Develop management strategies for nitrogen, sulfur, and micronutrients to optimize canola yield.Evaluate efficacy of a two-herbicide application program for weed control.Evaluate efficacy of a desiccant for direct harvest of wide-row canola.Characterize resistance to clubroot and transfer it into modern breeding lines.2. Develop clubroot management strategies.Determine prevalence of clubroot in northeastern North Dakota through an extensive field survey and quantify clubroot resting spores.Develop an educational campaign to raise awareness of clubroot for North Dakota canola farmers that can be expanded to other states of the region.3. Deliver knowledge to canola farmers through coordinated Extension activities.
Project Methods
Replicated field, greenhouse, and laboratory trials will be conducted using established experimental designs to achieve the goals of the project that include generating/developing/selecting germplasm and identifying fertilizing strategies. Field trials will be conducted in "small plots" at experimental stations in theregion as well as in "large plots" in selected farmers' commercial fields. Parametric and non-parametric analyses of variance will be used to determine whether to reject null hypotheses. To compare treatments, least significant differences and relative treatment effects will be calculated. When pertinent, economic analyses will be conducted.Conclusions will be drawnbased on these analyses.To transfer technology knowledge to farmers and industry personnel a concerted effort that combines field days and demonstrations during the growing seasonwith printed materials (e.g. extension bulletins and regular press articles), and farmer education meetings during the fall and winter months will be organized. To inform the scientific community at large, verbal and written presentationswill be made a professional meetings and manuscripts will be published in refereed journals.Tallies will be kept of all extension efforts and research outputs to measure the success of the project, e.g. number of breeding lines produced and genetic markers identified, number of field and demonstrations days, educational meetings and estimated audience sizes, and number of manuscripts and graduate students trained through the project.

Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Multiple audiences were targeted: canola producers were the primary target as most of the research conducted in this project was intended to develop improved ways to manage production issues and increase profitability and sustainability of canola production in the region. Other audiences included industry personnel working in canola-related businesses, like seed and chemical dealers, extension specialists and extension county agents, and the scientific community at large Changes/Problems:Issues were caused by excessive precipitation that flooded some field trials in 2020 and reduced our ability to distinguish treatment effects. Production of doubled haploid mapping population was delayed by difficulties in generating haploid plants prompting a request to extend the project beyond its initial duration. Development of the mapping population was finished in 2023 but we could not phenotype and genotype it. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project supported one PhD student who will graduate in 2024, one MS student who graduated in 2022, and provided temporal support to one postdoctoral fellow and one MS student. It also allowed three scientists to attend professional meetings where research results were presented. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research was disseminated via direct interaction between scientists and farmers at field days and educational campaigns, through poster and oral presentations at meetings with farmers and refereed manuscripts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1a) Field trials were conducted at three South Dakota locations in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the performance of commercial hybrids and breeding lines. A total of 18 canola genotypes were evaluated. Yields ranged between 912 and 2,965 lb per acre with a mean of 1,700 lb/acre. While this mean is slightly below that of North Dakota, it demonstrated canola production in SD can be a profitable option. 1b) A breeding program to develop superior canola lines was established. F2:3 lines were evaluated in 2020 in single-row nurseries. The best 400 lines were selected, and trials prepared for 2021 but no additional funding was provided to further advance this objective. 1c) Fertilization trials conducted in MN were compromised by ponded water and saturated soil conditions during the growing season. Nevertheless, results showed that applying 50% of N prior to planting and the rest as coated urea (ESN) may be more efficient than a single N application prior to planting. Applying micronutrients and sulfur did not increase yields significantly, an indication these elements may have not been limiting factors. 1d) Field trials conducted in Minnesota showed that canola tolerated well the preplant incorporated application of trifluralin in combination with sulfentrazone applied in post emergence to manage glyphosate-tolerant weeds. While additional evaluations are still needed, this result shows the potential of this new management practice. 1e) Trials conducted at MN showed the use of diquat and the combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil allowed for a thorough desiccation of canola plants and facilitated direct harvest without reducing canola yields. While additional evaluations are still needed, this result shows the potential of this new management practice. 1f) A group of 120 B. napus accessions were evaluated in field trials conducted in 2020 and 2021 for their reaction to clubroot disease. Ten accessions were identified as resistant to clubroot. Genome-Wide Association Analysis conducted on these accessions allowed for the detection of four single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with resistance to this disease. In addition, development of a doubled haploid mapping population derived from one of these accessions, Ames 26626, and cv. Topas was completed in the summer of 2023. The information generated by these studies is a valuable resource for canola breeding programs. 2a) A total of 206 canola fields were surveyed between 2020 and 2021 in ND for presence of clubroot. Clubroot symptomatic plants were detected in 11 fields (10 of them in Cavalier County). In addition, samples from another 300 fields distributed in 44 ND counties were tested for presence of DNA from Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot. Fields in 12 canola-producing counties were positive for P. brassicae DNA with populations ranging from 0 to 28 million cysts per g of soil. DNA was also detected in fields from 16 other counties. 2b) An educational campaign to raise awareness of clubroot was developed and 23 educational meetings were organized. Approximately 4,300 people were in attendance. 3) In addition to the clubroot educational campaign, 15 field day meetings were held to disseminate information generated by this project. Research results were presented at three professional meetings with an total estimated audience of 2500 participants.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arinaitwe, U., S. A. Clay, and T. Nleya. 2022. Growth, yield, and yield stability of canola in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Agron. J. 115:744 - 758. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21269.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chapara, V., and P. D. Meena. 2021. Clubroot on oilseed rape/canola: A Review. J. Oilseed Brassica 12:49-66.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chapara, V., T. J. Prochaska, and A. Chirumamilla. 2021. The host range of Plasmodiophora brassicae in North Dakota. J. Oilseed Brassica 12: 9-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Marino, D., K. Chittem, F. Shahoveisi, V. Chapara, S. Ruud, and L. E. del R�o Mendoza��. 2023. Identification of sources of resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in a collection of Brassica napus plant introductions. Plant Health Prog. Accepted Dec.22, 2022. doi.org/10.1094/PHP-09-22-0094-RS.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arinaitwe, U. 2022. Evaluating canola genotypes for growth and yield under different environmental conditions in South Dakota. MS Thesis. South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. 116 p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chapara V. 2020. Soil sampling procedure to quantify clubroot spores from soil in North Dakota (Brochure).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Smith M., A. Chirumamilla, L. Berg, V. Chapara, F. Shahoveisi, L. E. Del Rio Mendoza, and S. Markell. 2020. Canola Diseases: Clubroot. NDSU Extension Bulletin PP1998
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arinaitwe, U., T. Nleya, and H. Frame. 2022. Growth, Yield, and Yield Stability of Canola (Brassica Napus) in the Northern Great Plains of the U.S. Annual meeting American Society of Agronomy Baltimore, MD, Nov. 6-10, 2022.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vellekson, D., and D. Grafstrom. 2021. 2020 Minnesota Canola Production Center (CPC). 2020 Research Summary Report. 21 p. 2020_Canola_CPC_Report_FINAL.pdf (mncanola.org)
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vellekson, D., and D. Grafstrom. 2022. 2021 Minnesota Canola Production Center (CPC). 2020 Research Summary Report. 22 p. 2021_Canola_CPC_Report_FINAL.pdf (mncanola.org)


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Research results were presented to two types of audiences: 1) the scientific community working on canola production problems: this audience was addressed using posters and verbal presentations at professional meetings. 2)canola growers and stakeholders: research results were presented to these audiences as oral presentations during field days and growers meetings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?- One Ph.D. studentis being trained in Plant pathology. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results have been presented to growers and industry representatives at two winter meetings and one field day, What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Activities to be conducted during next reporting period: - Finish develpoment of a mapping population from thecrossbetween Ames 26626 andTopas. - Sequence genomic DNA from 115 B, napus genotypes - Conduct genome-wide association mapping and quantitative trait loci analysis to identify genetic markers associated with reaction to clubroot.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This report lists activities conducted to accomplish objective 1;specifically, the characterization of resistance to clubroot and its transfer into modern breeding lines. F - The characterization of the phenotypic reaction of 115B. napus genotypes (110 plant introduction accessionsand five controls) to clubroot was completed . -Eleven B. napus plant introduction accessions were considered highly resistant to clubroot. - Genomic DNA extraction from the 115 genotypes is under way. Materials will be sent for sequencing in fall 2022.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Two types of audiences are targeted: 1) farmers who produce canola and stakeholders in the canola industry, and 2) the scientific community working on canola production problems. The first group has been addressed during the reporting period through verbal presentations in annual field days, demonstration plots, and winter meetings. The second group has been addressed through printed media, e.g. posters and verbal presentations made at professional meetings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training for two graduate students who are seeking advanced degree in Agronomy and Plant Pathology. Results of the research conducted during the reporting period was presented to more than 100 famers in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota through field days and growermeetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Farmers have been made aware of the latest research results through field days and demonstration plots. Additional informational meetings will take place late in the fall and during the winter. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are increasing research activities in controlled environment to secure development of the mapping population for clubroot as well as to confirm the resistant nature of materials evaluated in the field during the summer of 2020. We have requested a one-year extension for this.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1A. Field trials were conducted at South Dakota locations to evaluate the performance of commercial hybrids and breeding lines. Data has not been processed yet but yields are expected to be low due to drought conditions that affected the region. 1B. Breeding process continue as planned. Elite F2:3 lines were planted in single-row nursery and evaluated for desirable agronomic traits. The best 400 lines will be selected later in the year as data has not been processed yet. 1C. Field trials were conducted at Carrington, ND and in Minnesota as planned. Data has not been processed yet. 1D. A field trial was established in Minnesota to evaluate the effect of combining the use of glyphosate and three post-emergence herbicides on weed management. Data has not been processed yet. 1E. Trials to evaluate the efficacy of desiccants for direct harvest of canola were established in Minnesota. Data has not been processed yet. 1F. A group of 120 Brassica napus plant introduction materials were evaluated for their reaction to clubroot in a field trial. Ten accessions were considered resistant. These accessions are being evaluated in greenhouse trials to confirm their resistant nature. Development of doubled haploid mapping population is under way. 2A. Soil samples were collected from 100 commercial canola fields distributed among 14 North Dakota counties. Samples are currently being processed to detect presence of DNA from the clubroot pathogen. 2B. Awareness of clubroot presence in North Dakota was increased through informational meetings organized with farmers in two counties. Stakeholders (farmers and representatives of the Northern Canola Growers Association and various seed companies) were informed of the detection of clubroot in fields without symptomatic plants during fall and winter meetings. The scientific community at large was informed through a refereed journal manuscript. 3. Field days were used to inform more than 50 South Dakota farmers that canola is a viable alternative crop for their production systems. In addition, more than 60 North Dakota farmers were informed of results of clubroot survey conducted in 2019 as well as of other research results. Additional North Dakota farmers will be informed of the results of the 2020 clubroot survey during and fall and winter meetings.

    Publications