Potato Breeding and Cultivar Development in the Southwest

POTATO BREEDING AND CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST

Sponsoring Institution

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Project Status

COMPLETE

Funding Source

SPECIAL GRANT

Reporting Frequency

Annual

Accession No.

1020773

Grant No.

2019-34141-30433

Cumulative Award Amt.

$772,706.00

Proposal No.

2019-03814

Multistate No.

(N/A)

Project Start Date

Sep 1, 2019

Project End Date

Aug 31, 2022

Grant Year

2020

Program Code

[AN]- Potato Research

Recipient Organization
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
750 AGRONOMY RD STE 2701
COLLEGE STATION,TX 77843-0001

Performing Department
Horticultural Sciences

Non Technical Summary
The Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project was initiated by Colorado State University, Texas A&M University, and the University of California at Davis to meet the unique needs of the Southwest potato industry. Crosses and original selections are made in Colorado and Texas followed by formal regional evaluation trials in all three states. Breeding stocks and advanced selections are openly shared with more than a dozen other states. Promising selections from the Project are further evaluated in the Western Regional Trials which include six Western states. Specific goals and objectives are developed and constantly reevaluated based on extensive stakeholder input. Since the inception of the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project in 1997, 43 new cultivars and clonal selections have been released or co-released with other institutions which make up substantial and increasing portions of the regional potato acreage and have become important contributors to the economies of the states. In 2017, for potato cultivars released since 1997 and that were in the top 50 based on certified seed acreage in the US, those developed by the Southwestern Project ranked second among the four regional projects.

Animal Health Component

60%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

10%

Applied

60%

Developmental

30%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
202	1310	1081	60%
201	1310	1080	20%
203	1310	1040	20%

Knowledge Area
203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1040 - Molecular biology; 1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;

Keywords

marker-assisted selection

pests

quality

resistance

Goals / Objectives
The overall aim of this project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest.This will be achieved by addressing the following objectives:1.Develop russet, red, white, chip, and specialty cultivars, as well as line selections where appropriate, for both the fresh and processing markets of the Southwest. These cultivars will complement those developed by breeding programs in other areas of the U.S.2.Evaluate germplasm and/or advanced selections including entries in the Southwestern, Western Regional, and the National Chip Processing and Fry Processing Trials under diverse environmental, production, and postharvest conditions for traits important to the potato industry including yield, quality, marketability, consumer acceptance, culinary quality, and enhanced human health benefits.3.Determine cultural practices for successful sustainable and economic production of advanced clonal selections and newly released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental impact.4.Screen a wide range of germplasm and/or advanced selections for resistance to pests and other characteristics of economic importance to potato production in the Southwest and incorporate this material into the breeding programs.5.Provide a quality, uniform seed source of advanced selections to growers and other research cooperators to facilitate assessment of geographic adaptability, commercial feasibility, marketability, and other important characteristics.

Project Methods
Objective 1 Parents with complementary desired characteristics will be hybridized. Approximately 200,000 seedlings will be grown for initial selection in Colorado and Texas. California will focus on advanced generation evaluations and cultivar specific management of advanced selections. Years 1 and 2 (greenhouse stage) are intended to generate genetic variation and to introgress desirable genes. Parents are identified and crossed to produce true seed. One to six seedling tubers are then produced from each true (botanical) seed in year two. Subsequent years (3+) take place in the field and represent selection phase of the development process. Each year represents another round of field selection. After each year, the number of clones retained for subsequent evaluations decreases and the amount of seed per selection increases. We will use a breeding data management system (Agrobase) to more efficiently search, retrieve, compare and identify clones carrying important traits of interest, to select parental lines, guide new crosses and delineate/guide new research areas. Agrobase also streamlines the design of greenhouse crossing blocks, creation of greenhouse nurseries, design and randomizations of field trials, automatic data collection, statistical analysis, selection of materials for generation advance, integration of photographic repository, seed inventory, and creation of reports/summaries for field days, variety release documents, plant variety release dossiers and publications. SNP Genotyping - We will continue to genotype clones from clone bank, released varieties, and advanced clones with the SNP Illumina array (22K V3 Potato Array). The genotyping will generate DNA fingerprints of potato clones maintained/developed by the Texas and Colorado potato programs as well as reference varieties and selected clones from other programs (carrying traits of interest). DNA fingerprinting will be used to confirm the identity of the materials, to detect duplication or mixes, to estimate genetic relationships, to assist in Plant Variety Protection (PVP) of new varieties and would also set up the framework for marker-trait association studies (i.e. QTL, GWAS) and for eventual Genomic Selection (GS). MAS for Important Qualitative Traits - Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for several major traits in potato breeding programs has been used and has proven effective. Each year we will focus on molecular marker screening (for PVY, late blight, nematodes) of new clones entering in tissue culture, released clones, advanced lines, reference varieties and selected clones from other breeding programs. We have optimized some of the methodology to regularly genotype parental clones included in the crossing blocks. MAS will be implemented between the first and second year of field selection. This aspect is linked with objective 4 since it will also assist in identification and selection of clones carrying markers linked to major disease resistance genes. Objective 2 Early and advanced generations of selected clones will be evaluated at a number of locations in Colorado (Center, San Luis Valley), Texas (Springlake, on the Southern High Plains and Dalhart, Northwest tip of the Texas Panhandle region), and California (Bakersfield, South Central Valley and Tulelake, North on the Oregon border), and ultimately in the uniform Southwestern Regional Trial (SWRT). These multiple sites represent diverse soil types, climates, and pest ecologies. The Springlake, Dalhart, and Bakersfield trials are on stakeholder operations. The SWRT usually includes russet, red, specialty, and chip trials.Entries are evaluated in each state for numerous traits including chip and fry quality. The uniform SWRT system was established in 1998 and is conducted in at least four locations within the region. Clones are entered for evaluation in the SWRT for one to three years. Top entries are then graduated to the Western Regional Trials (WRT) for up to three years and superior clones are released as new varieties. Seed for both trials is provided by the Colorado program. Objective 3 Specific trials will be conducted in all three states to determine appropriate fertility requirements, spacing (to determine suitable plant population density), herbicide tolerance, seed size, irrigation requirements, maturity assessments, seed preparation (precutting or use of single drop seed), and vine kill management. Other management practices requiring attention will be identified during researcher and stakeholder evaluation. Procedures involved will include comparing different rates of plant nutrients, precutting vs. whole seed, irrigation application rate, effect of seed size, vine killing date, and time lag between vine kill and harvest, and different within-row plant spacing, and tolerance to pre- and post-emergence application of herbicides to determine the scenario which maximizes yield, quality and is economically and environmentally sound, for a given selection or cultivar. Data collection will include total tuber yield, tuber size distribution, tuber external and internal defects, tuber specific gravity, and skin color. Storability, including effects of storage temperature and humidity, and length of storage time on advanced selections/new cultivars will be assessed. Parameters evaluated will include dormancy, rot, bruising, moisture/turgor loss, and color retention. French fry and chip quality will be assessed under varying storage temperatures. These clone-specific requirements will be determined cooperatively and, in each state, and in close collaboration with potato growers.Objective 4Pests and diseases that will be emphasized primarily in field screening and identification of superior parental materials include pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb.), corky ringspot, early blight, late blight, Verticillium wilt, scab (common and powdery), soft rot, Fusarium dry rot, Rhizoctonia (black) scurf, silver scurf, PVY, PLRV and other viruses, tubermoth, and bacterial ring rot with Colorado and Texas collaborators and several state and USDA-ARS personnel. Verticillium wilt, black dot, and Rhizoctonia susceptibility screening will continue to be conducted in Tulelake, CA. Texas and Colorado are making efforts toward utilization of molecular tools to support disease resistance breeding in their programs. For virus resistance, we plan to implement MAS for known sources of resistance (PVY, LB, nematodes) and to study the genetic basis of new resistances, particularly PVY. Currently Fortress Russet, Harvest Moon, and Masquerade are immune to PVY based on seed certification lot inspections and Elisa testing. Marker analysis done at Oregon State University, indicates that the resistant genes, Rysto and Ryadg are not present in these cultivars and thus represent other sources of PVY resistance. We plan to annually screen 50-100 selections for PVY resistance utilizing markers linked to PVY resistance genes that have been used for breeding potato cultivars (Ryadg gene is derived from Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, Rychc is derived from S. chacoense and Rysto from S. stoloniferum)Objective 5Tubers from the sixth year, or earlier years of field selections will be introduced into tissue culture in Texas and Colorado to develop disease-tested micropropagated seed stocks. Colorado and Texas routinely ELISA test for PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM, PVA, PVLR, and PotLV. Disease tested seed stocks will be increased in Colorado for subsequent distribution. Texas will free their advanced selections of viruses prior to verification and field seed increase in Colorado. Detailed procedures for seed stock handling were included in the Southwestern Regional meeting minutes of January 19, 1998. Efforts towards rapid propagation methods will be initiated in Texas looking at in vitro microtuber production and aeroponics systems.

Progress 09/01/19 to 08/10/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. We also provide student internships to secondary and undergraduate students. Changes/Problems:Despite of all the problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemia, the SW potato Variety Development Group was able to accomplish most of the objectives. Adjustments were made to account for personnel shortage and travel limitations. While no major shortcomings are anticipated for the next funding period (2021-2023), potential problems that may occur could be associated with unanticipated health issues of participants or general disease control precautions (like the COVID-19 pandemia) that can affect planting, maintaining, harvesting, and evaluating trials. Other possible setbacks could include funding cuts, uncontrollable environmental conditions, and the inherent variability in biological systems, including insect and disease pressures. Royalty revenue and the multilocation nature of the project should buffer some of the potential pitfalls. However, popular varieties (like the Russet Norkotah strains) are reaching the end of the royalty period, and reductions in the royalty stream could significantly impact the SW program since several project members and activities depend on royalties as a complement to USDA-NIFA funds that support the core of the breeding program. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several graduate and undergraduate students are actively working with each of the programs. PI's and associated staff have attended professional meetings and training courses. Several graduate and undergraduate students are actively working with each of the programs. PI's and associated staff attended virtual professional meetings (Potato Association of America, National Association of Plant Breeders), training courses, and workshops (some associated with other grants SCRI Tools for Polyploids). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Several meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings and forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provide primary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally, field days/open-houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. Stakeholder Interactions - A field day was held on June 11, 2019, in Kern County, California, with over 70 participants. In addition to local participants, many attendees were from other states and countries, including the Southwestern Project Leaders from Colorado and Texas. An annual grower's dinner meeting was held in the evening, which allowed for the presentation of research reports and additional grower and industry interaction. Results from the Tulelake trials were presented at the annual IREC field day and annual Klamath Basin Potato Seminar co-sponsored by the University of California and Oregon State University. Ninety-five grower participants attended the August 8, 2019 IREC Field Day, and 35 participants attended the winter potato meeting. The Texas Potato Field day was held on July 18, 2019, near Springlake, which included some 50 attendees from Canada to Mexico. Current developments related to research were reported and discussed. Attendees received a Potato Field Day handbook, which provides information on parentage, a brief description of the selections, and information on the trials viewed. Updates on the potato breeding program were reviewed at the San Luis Valley Research Center field day on June 19, 2019. The Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program also had an open house on November 21, highlighting samples of recently harvested advanced selections. Sixty-five producers were present. Following this on December 12, growers met to discuss their experiences with several advanced selections and to suggest which ones should be considered for naming. A virtual Texas Potato Field day was held on July 15 2020 near Springlake. The interactive Texas Potato Field Day handbook is available in the reports section at https://potato.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/2020-Field-Day- HandbookeEdition_Optimized2.pdf Updates on the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are typically highlighted and discussed at an open house in late November or early December, where growers can view tubers of advanced selections. Shortly after the open house, growers met to discuss their experiences with several advanced selections and to suggest which ones should be considered for naming. This year, postings on the CSU Facebook page and website were used to communicate the status of selections with growers. Results from the Bakersfield, CA trial were presented at the Annual California Potato Research Advisory Board. In 2020, variety trial result reports were shared with growers in a newsletter (https://ucanr.edu/sites/Kern22/files/330232.pdf ) and also published as an extension report in Progressive Crop Consultant in September 2020 http://progressivecrop.com/magazinearchive/september-october-2020/. The research was also highlighted in a radio report by AgNet West. Results from the Tulelake, CA trials were presented at the annual IREC field day and annual Klamath Basin Potato Seminar co-sponsored by the University of California and Oregon State University. In 2020, 36 participants attended the winter potato meeting. The annual Tulelake field day was canceled due to COVID-19 restrictions on in-person gatherings. Along with regional reports, Tulelake potato variety results were summarized in the 2020 Tulelake potato variety report, which is available for download at http://irec.ucanr.edu/Research/Past_Research/Potato_Projects_313/ What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Potato trials are in the ground at all locations, and associated data will be collected at harvest. Potential new cultivars are under evaluation, and PVP's for these are in process. Releases/anticipated in 2021-23 include the following experimental clones (tentative names in parenthesis): AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold), CO05068-1RU (Rocky Mountain Russet), and CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold) from Colorado, NDTX059759- 3RY/Y Pinto, PORTX03PG25-2R/R, COTX08365F-3P/P, and AOTX95265-4Ru (Phoenix Russet) from Texas. Currently, there are several advanced selections available for grower evaluation. Many of these selections are undergoing final stages of grower evaluation prior to naming and/or are currently available for exclusive release.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2020, PVP certificatewas issued for Vanguard Russet (TX08352-5Ru). PVP applications were submitted in 2020 forCO00277-2R (Canada Rose), CO97087-2RU (Maritime Russet), CO98067-7RU (Nonpareil Russet) andCOTX09022-3RuRe/Y. Applications for Canadian Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) were submitted in 2018 for Canada Rose, Maritime Russet, and Nonpareil Russet. In 2019, PBRs were submitted for Reveille Russet, and Vanguard Russet. In addition, Southwestern cooperators participated in joint releases of cultivars cooperatively with states in other regions. Southwestern/Western Regional Trials - Southwestern Regional Trials were planted in five locations (Bakersfield, CA, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Dalhart, TX, and Springlake, TX) and the Western Regional Trials were planted in ten locations (Ontario, OR, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Aberdeen, ID, Kimberly, ID, Parma, ID, Hermiston, OR, Dalhart, TX, Springlake, TX, and Othello, WA). Results of the 2019 trial were discussed in detail at the Southwestern Regional Group meeting on January 23, 2020, via Zoom Meeting. Eight selections from the 2019 Southwestern Regional Trial were advanced to the 2020 Western Regional Trial. CO11250-1W/Y and CO11266-1W/Y were advanced to the Red/Specialty Trial, CO10085-1RUand CO11009-3RU to the Russet Trial, and CO11023-2W, CO11023-9W, CO11037-5W, and TX09403-15W to the chip trial. Entries for the 2020 Southwestern Regional Trial were also solicited. The 2020 Southwestern Regional Trials include russet and chip selections. Each trial site consists of the following: russet trial (AFC5726-1RU, CO12152-1RU, CO12246-1RU, CO12378-1RU, and COTX08063-2Ru with Russet Norkotah as the check) and the chip trial (AC11453-7W, AC11467-4W, AC11494-6W, AORTX09037-1W/Y, CO12235-3W, CO12293-1W, and CO12428-2W with Atlantic and Snowden as the checks). The Southwestern trial's results (2005-2019) are found on the Texas potato website (potato.tamu.edu). Phytonutrient Studies -Antioxidant activity was evaluated in Texas or advanced clones in the Southwestern and Western Regional Trials. Texas has established collaborations to explore the use of gene editing in potatoes to modify starch. We have also identified CRISPR-Cas9 experts in Colorado and California, targeting acrylamide and amylose, respectively. These efforts are directly aligned with the Colorado and Texas programs' ongoing health initiatives. This is a parallel effort that hopefully will connect with our breeding efforts soon.Colorado continues to place a major emphasis on enhancing the carotenoid content of potato cultivars. Carotenoids found in potatoes may prevent certain diseases, including cardiovascular disease, eye disease, and certain cancers. To date, Colorado has named five yellow-fleshed cultivars [Masquerade, Harvest Moon and Red Luna, and soon to be named AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold) and CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold)], which have significantly more carotenoids compared to Yukon Gold, the standard yellow-fleshed cultivar Disease Resistance - The Primary diseases evaluated are bacterial ring rot and PVY. All susceptible selections with weak or non-existent symptom expression are discarded. Several advanced selections from Colorado and Texas are also distributed annually to state/USDA-ARS collaborators in Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin for additional disease evaluations. These selections are screened for one or more of the following diseases: corky ringspot, late blight, early blight, common scab, powdery scab, potato mop-top virus, PVY, and Verticillium wilt. Colorado identified 13 selections with extreme resistance to PVY via marker analysis. Selection CO05068-1RU (to be named Rocky Mountain Russet) has recently been determined to be extremely resistant to PVY and should provide another integrated tool for potato growers to control PVY. We have tracked the Ryadg and Rysto genes conferring extreme resistance to PVY that co-segregates with PCR-based markers. Markers linked to other major genes for disease resistance (late blight, nematodes) will be implemented in the future. Genotyping -DNA-based genotyping of potatoes maintained at the Texas clone bank, released varieties, and advanced clones was done based using molecular markers. The molecular characterization of potato clones allowed us to study genetic and develop unique DNA fingerprints of potato clones maintained/developed. DNA fingerprintings were also useful to confirm the identity of the materials, to detect duplication or mixes, and estimate parentage and genetic relationships. The genotyping effort will be useful in Plant Variety Protection (PVP) of new varieties, identity control in tissue culture, selection of diverse parents, and would set up the framework for marker-trait association studies (i.e., QTL, GWAS) and eventually Genomic Selection (GS). Southwestern Regional Trials - Results of the 2020 SW regional trials were discussed in detail at the virtual Southwestern Regional Group meeting on January 21, 2021 via Zoom. Five selections from the 2020 Southwestern Regional Trial were advanced to the 2021 Western Regional Trials. AORTX09037-1W/Y and ATTX07042-3W/Y were advanced to the Red/Specialty Trial, CO12378-1RU to the Russet Trial, and CO12235-3W and CO12293-1W to the Chip Trial. Entries for the 2021 Southwestern Regional Trials were also solicited. The 2021 Southwestern Regional Trials will include russet and chip selections. Each trial site will consist of the following: russet trial (AC12080-4Ru, AC12090-3Ru, CO13003-1Ru, and COTX08063-2Ru), and the chip trial (CO13232-5W and CO13232-25W). Complete results (2005-2020) of the Southwestern trials can be obtained from the Texas potato website (https://potato.tamu.edu/reports/). Associated Trials and Locations - In 2020, there were several additional trials, including state-level trials (all market classes) and national processing trials (chippers and French fries) with multiple test/evaluation sites in the three collaborating states. Evaluations included plant growth, tuber yield, tuber size and grade, internal and external qualities, and disease/pest resistance.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC and Holm, D. G. 2020. Air injection of subsurface drip irrigation water improves tuber yield and quality of Russet potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 97:432-438.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Gaudreau, K. 2020. 2019 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 124pp
Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sharma, C., Chambers IV, E., Jayanty, S. S., Rajakalyan, V. S., Holm, D. G., Talavera, M. 2020. Development of a lexicon to describe the sensory characteristics of a wide variety of potato cultivars. Journal of Sensory Studies, DOI:10.1111/joss.12577.
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC. 2020. Field management of Rocky Mountain Russet. Spud items. February 10 issue. Web page: www.coloradopotatoes.org.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mora, V., M. Ramasamy, S. Irigoyen, V. Ancona, Maria Isabel Vales, C. Avila, and K. K. Mandadi. 2020. Screening and Identification of Potato Zebrachip Disease Resistance among Wild Solanum Species. Plant Biology 2020. July 2529.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gautam, S., D. C. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, and Maria Isabel Vales. 2020. Exploring Genetic Variation for Dormancy in Potatoes. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. November 19
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pandey, J., D. C. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, A. Chappell, J. C. Miller Jr, J. Coombs, D. S. Douches, and Maria Isabel Vales. 2020. Evaluation of Population Structure, Genetic Diversity, and Linkage Disequilibrium in the Gene Pool of the Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program. Plant and Animal Genome Conference XXVIII. January 1115
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales. 2020. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2019. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 25p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales 2020. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2019. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 29p
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2020. 2020 Annual Potato Field Day Handbook E-Edition. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 173p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2020. 2020 Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. IREC Research Progress Report #198. Cooperative Extension, University of California, PO Box 850, Tulelake CA 96134
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Klamath Basin Potato Seminar. March 5, 2020. Presentation on potato management research and recommendations related to fertility, variety selection, organic production, and pest management.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bough, R. A., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2020. Evaluation of cooked flavor for fifteen potato genotypes and the correlation of sensory analysis to instrumental methods. Am. J. Potato Res. 97:6377.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sidhu J. 2020. Promising potato varieties in Kern County. September 2020, AG NET West. https://agnetwest.com/potatovarieties- showing-promise-in-kern-county-trials/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sidhu J. 2020 Kern county potato variety trial. Progressive Crop Consultant, September/October 2020. http://progressivecrop.com/magazine-archive/september-october-2020/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kern County Potato Variety Trial. Newsletter . https://cekern.ucanr.edu/Custom_Program573/Newsletters_458/?newsletteritem=85992
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Schmitz Carley, C.A., J. J. Coombs, M.E. Clough, W. S. De Jong, D.S. Douches, K. G. Haynes, C. R. Higgins, D. G. Holm, J. C. Miller, Jr., F. M. Navarro, R. G. Novy, J. P. Palta, D. L. Parish, G. A. Porter, V. R. Sathuvalli, A. L. Thompson, L. Zotarelli, G. C. Yencho, J. B. Endelman. 2019. Genetic Covariance of Environments in the Potato National Chip Processing Trial. Crop Science, 59: 107-114. doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0314
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harrison, K., C. Tamborindeguy, D. C. Scheuring, A. Mendoza Herrera, A. Silva, I. E. Badillo-Vargas, J. C. Miller, Jr., J. G. Levy. 2019. Differences in Zebra Chip severity between Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum haplotypes in Texas. Am. J. Potato Res. 96, 8693 (2019).
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vales, I., C. Miller, J. Koym, and D. Scheuring. 2019. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 295p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring., J.C. Miller, Jr. and, Vales, I. 2019. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 21p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring., J.C. Miller, Jr. and, Vales, I. 2019. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 24p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vales, I., J.C. Miller, J. Koym, and D. Scheuring. 2019. 2019 Field Day Handbook. July 18, 2019. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 33p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Gaudreau, K. 2019. 2018 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 131pp.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Gaudreau, K. 2019. 2019 Open House and Advanced Selection Evaluation Meeting: Colorado advanced potato selections data summary. 37pp. (Unpub).
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wilson, R.G., D.A. Culp, and K.W. Nicholson. 2019 Annual Progress Report Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. University of California Intermountain Research & Extension Center. Research Report Number 195, 2019. 25 p.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Essah, S. Y. and Holm, D. G. 2019. Response of russet potato to compost application rate with optimum or reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Am. J. Potato Res. 96:332. (Abstract).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sharma, C., Swaney-Stueve, M., Jayanty, S., Sathuvalli, V., Holm. D., Chambers IV, E., and Talvera, M. 2019. Consumer and sensory analysis of a wide variety of potato cultivars to identify drivers of liking. Pagborn Sensory Science Symposium 2019. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13261.38886. (Poster).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sharma, C., Chambers IV, E., Jayanty, S., Sathuvalli, V., Holm. D., and Talvera, M. 2019. Development of a lexicon to describe the sensory characteristics of a wide variety of potatoes grown in the U.S.A. Institute of Food Technologists 2019, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23485.00482. (Poster).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fang, C., J. Zou, X. Qian and M.I. Vales. Non invasive acoustic evaluation of root mass of tuber crops. Presidents Excellence Fund Symposium. T3 poster sessions. April 4, 2019. Water and Leonore Annenberg Presidential Conference Center, College Station, TX.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gautam, S., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Kyom and M.I. Vales. 2019. Heat stress in Texas potato production: Effect of planting date in tuber yield and quality. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. College Station, TX. December 5, 2019. (awarded third prize)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J. D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Genetic structure and molecular diversity among clones representing the Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. College Station, TX. December 5, 2019. (awarded second prize)
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Evaluation of genetic diversity among experimental clones and varieties maintained in vitro by the Texas A&M Potato Breeding and Variety Development Program. The Potato Association of America. 2019 Annual Conference. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, July 28 - August 1, 2019.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) based fingerprinting of the Texas A&M potato breeding collection. 2019 ASHS Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV, July 21-25, 2019.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toinga, S., M. Janga, M.I. Vales, and K.S. Rathore. 2019. Evaluation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for targeted gene knockout in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2019 Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, November 10-13, 2019.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vigue, S.J., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, C.M. Rush, F. Workneh, C. Tamborindeguy, J.C. Miller Jr., D.S. Douches, R.G. Novy, M.I. Vales. Identification of tetraploid potato clones with good processing quality among genotypes with reduced Zebra Chip symptomatology. Amer. J. Potato Res. 97: 565-579.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Morey, R., A. Ermolenkov, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, M.I. Vales, and D. Kurouski. NonInvasive identification of potato varieties and prediction of the origin of tuber cultivation using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412:45854594.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chappell, A.L., J.W. Koym, D.C. Scheuring, J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales. Incorporation of mannitol in tissue culture media for long-term storage of potatoes at moderately low temperature and effect on subsequent micropropagation. Amer. J. Potato Res. 97: 439-446.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Geisseler, D., Wilson, R., 2020. Nitrogen in potato rotations with cover crops: Field trial and simulations using DDSAT. Agronomy Journal 112, 2275-2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20177
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC, Andales, A. A., Bauder, T. A., and Holm, D. G. 2020. Response of two Colorado russet potato cultivars to reduced irrigation water use. Am. J. Potato Res.97:221-233.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2021. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2020. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 165p.

Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. We also provide student internships to secondary and undergraduate students. Changes/Problems:Despite of all the problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemia, the SW potato Variety Development Group was able to accomplish most of the objectives. Adjustments weremade to account for personnel shortage and travel limitations. While no major shortcomings are anticipated for the next funding period (2021-2023), potential problems that may occur could be associated with unanticipated health issues of participants or general disease control precautions (like the COVID-19 pandemia) that can affect planting, maintaining, harvesting, and evaluating trials. Other possible setbacks could include funding cuts, uncontrollable environmental conditions, and the inherent variability in biological systems, including insect and disease pressures. Royalty revenue and the multilocation nature of the project should buffer some of the potential pitfalls. However, popular varieties (like the Russet Norkotah strains) are reaching the end of the royalty period, and reductions in the royalty stream could significantly impact the SW program since several project members and activities depend on royalties as a complement to USDA-NIFA funds that support the core of the breeding program. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several graduate and undergraduate students are actively working with each of the programs. PI's and associated staff attended virtual professional meetings (Potato Association of America,National Association of Plant Breeders),as well as training courses and workshops (some of them associated with other grants SCRI Tools for Polyploids). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Stakeholder Interactions - A virtual Texas Potato Field day was held on July 15 near Springlake. The interactive Texas Potato Field Day handbook is available in the reports section at https://potato.tamu.edu/files/2021/03/2020-Field-Day-HandbookeEdition_Optimized2.pdf Updates on the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are typically highlighted and discussed at an open house in late November or early December, where growers can view tubers of advanced selections. Shortly after the open house, growers met to discuss their experiences with several advanced selections and to suggest which ones should be considered for naming. This year, postings on the CSU Facebook page and website were used to communicate the status of selections with growers. Results from the Bakersfield, CAtrial were presented at the Annual California Potato Research Advisory Board. In 2020, variety trial result reports were shared with growers in a newsletter (https://ucanr.edu/sites/Kern22/files/330232.pdf ) and also published as an extension report in Progressive Crop Consultant in September 2020 http://progressivecrop.com/magazinearchive/september-october-2020/. The research was also highlighted in a radio report by AgNet West. Results from the Tulelake, CAtrials were presented at the annual IREC field day and annual Klamath Basin Potato Seminar co-sponsored by the University of California and Oregon State University. In 2020, 36 participants attended the winter potato meeting. The annual Tulelake field day was canceled due to COVID-19 restrictions on in-person gatherings. Along with regional reports, Tulelake potato variety results were summarized in the 2020 Tulelake potato variety report, which is available for download at http://irec.ucanr.edu/Research/Past_Research/Potato_Projects_313/ What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Releases/anticipated in 2021-23 include the following experimental clones (tentative names in parenthesis): AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold), CO05068-1RU (Rocky Mountain Russet), and CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold) from Colorado, NDTX059759-3RY/Y Pinto, PORTX03PG25-2R/R, COTX08365F-3P/P, and AOTX95265-4Ru (Phoenix Russet) from Texas. Currently, there are several advanced selections available for grower evaluation. Many of these selections are undergoing final stages of grower evaluation prior to naming and/or are currently available for exclusive release.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Southwestern Regional Trials - Results of the 2020 SW regional trials were discussed in detail at the virtual Southwestern Regional Group meeting on January 21, 2021 via Zoom. Five selections from the 2020 Southwestern Regional Trial were advanced to the 2021 Western Regional Trials. AORTX09037-1W/Y and ATTX07042-3W/Y were advanced to the Red/Specialty Trial, CO12378-1RU to the Russet Trial, and CO12235-3W and CO12293-1W to the Chip Trial. Entries for the 2021 Southwestern Regional Trials were also solicited. The 2021 Southwestern Regional Trials will include russet and chip selections. Each trial site will consist of the following: russet trial (AC12080-4Ru, AC12090-3Ru, CO13003-1Ru, and COTX08063-2Ru), and the chip trial (CO13232-5W and CO13232-25W). Complete results (2005-2020) of the Southwestern trials can be obtained from the Texas potato website (https://potato.tamu.edu/reports/). Associated Trials and Locations - In 2020, there were several additional trials, including state level trials (all market classes) and national processing trials (chippers and French fries) with multiple test/evaluation sites in the three collaborating states. Evaluations included plant growth, tuber yield, tuber size and grade, internal and external qualities, and disease/pest resistance.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vigue, S.J., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, C.M. Rush, F. Workneh, C. Tamborindeguy, J.C. Miller Jr., D.S. Douches, R.G. Novy, M.I. Vales. Identification of tetraploid potato clones with good processing quality among genotypes with reduced Zebra Chip symptomatology. Amer. J. Potato Res. 97: 565-579.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Morey, R., A. Ermolenkov, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, M.I. Vales, and D. Kurouski. NonInvasive identification of potato varieties and prediction of the origin of tuber cultivation using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412: 45854594.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chappell, A.L., J.W. Koym, D.C. Scheuring, J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales. Incorporation of mannitol in tissue culture media for long-term storage of potatoes at moderately low temperature and effect on subsequent micropropagation. Amer. J. Potato Res. 97: 439-446.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Geisseler, D., Wilson, R., 2020. Nitrogen in potato rotations with cover crops: Field trial and simulations using DDSAT. Agronomy Journal 112, 2275-2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20177
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC, Andales, A. A., Bauder, T. A., and Holm, D. G. 2020. Response of two Colorado russet potato cultivars to reduced irrigation water use. Am. J. Potato Res. 97:221-233.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC and Holm, D. G. 2020. Air injection of subsurface drip irrigation water improves tuber yield and quality of Russet potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 97:432-438.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Gaudreau, K. 2020. 2019 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 124pp
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sharma, C., Chambers IV, E., Jayanty, S. S., Rajakalyan, V. S., Holm, D. G., Talavera, M. 2020. Development of a lexicon to describe the sensory characteristics of a wide variety of potato cultivars. Journal of Sensory Studies, DOI:10.1111/joss.12577.
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Essah, SYC. 2020. Field management of Rocky Mountain Russet. Spud items. February 10 issue. Web page: www.coloradopotatoes.org.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Navarre, R, C. Brown, M. Feldman, J. Stark, S. Thompson, C. Miller, I. Vales W. DeJong. 2020. Evaluation of Glycoalkaloid Content in Potatoes Grown in Multiple Locations. Potato Progress. Vol 20: 1-6.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mora, V., M. Ramasamy, S. Irigoyen, V. Ancona, Maria Isabel Vales, C. Avila, and K. K. Mandadi. 2020. Screening and Identification of Potato Zebrachip Disease Resistance among Wild Solanum Species. Plant Biology 2020. July 2529.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gautam, S., D. C. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, and Maria Isabel Vales. 2020. Exploring Genetic Variation for Dormancy in Potatoes. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. November 19
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pandey, J., D. C. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, A. Chappell, J. C. Miller Jr, J. Coombs, D. S. Douches, and Maria Isabel Vales. 2020. Evaluation of Population Structure, Genetic Diversity, and Linkage Disequilibrium in the Gene Pool of the Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program. Plant and Animal Genome Conference XXVIII. January 1115
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vales, M.I., J. C. Miller, J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2020. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2019. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 211p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales. 2020. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2019. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 25p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring J.C. Miller, Jr., and M.I. Vales 2020. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2019. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 29p
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2020. 2020 Annual Potato Field Day Handbook E-Edition. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 173p.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2020. 2020 Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. IREC Research Progress Report #198. Cooperative Extension, University of California, PO Box 850, Tulelake CA 96134
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Klamath Basin Potato Seminar. March 5, 2020. Presentation on potato management research and recommendations related to fertility, variety selection, organic production, and pest management.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bough, R. A., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2020. Evaluation of cooked flavor for fifteen potato genotypes and the correlation of sensory analysis to instrumental methods. Am. J. Potato Res. 97:6377.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sidhu J. 2020. Promising potato varieties in Kern County. September 2020, AG NET West. https://agnetwest.com/potato-varieties-showing-promise-in-kern-county-trials/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sidhu J. 2020 Kern county potato variety trial. Progressive Crop Consultant, September/October 2020. http://progressivecrop.com/magazine-archive/september-october-2020/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kern County Potato Variety Trial. Newsletter . https://cekern.ucanr.edu/Custom_Program573/Newsletters_458/?newsletteritem=85992

Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. We also train graduate and undergraduate students and provide student internships to secondary and undergraduate students. Changes/Problems:No problems wereencountered in 2019 other than harsh environmental conditions at some locations (high temperatures, hail, strong winds). However, I advance that 2020 has been (so far) challenging due to the COVID-19 situation. We had to travel to our field locations in individual cars, rent individual hotel rooms, and work hard to compensate for the reduction in personnel. Note: It is not clear if impact statements should be included in this report. There is no section requesting this type of information. We went through the effort of preparing succintimpact statements: Impact Statement 1: Of the top 20 russet cultivars produced for seed in 2018, eight were developed by the Colorado and Texas programs, [Russet Norkotah (RN) 296, RN S3, RN 278, RN 112, RN S8, Canela Russet, Rio Grande Russet, and Silverton Russet). Impact Statement 2: Russet Norkotah has been the most popular fresh market russet cultivar grown in the US. The highly successful Russet Norkotah clonal selections, developed by the Texas and Colorado programs, comprised almost 88% of the total 'Russet Norkotah' acreage accepted for certification in the US in 2018. The RN selections not only yield more but also require lower fertilizer inputs than the original Russet Norkotah variety. In 2018, the TX and CO RN selections collectively represented the second most popular cultivar grown in the US, behind only Russet Burbank. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several graduate and undergraduate students are actively working with each of the programs. PI's and associated staff have attended professional meetings as well as training courses. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings and forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provide primary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally, field days/open-houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Potato trials are in the ground at all locations, and associated data will be collected at harvest. Potential new cultivars are under evaluation, and PVP's for these are in process. A detailed plan of work for next year will be submitted to NIFA to request funds for the second year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2019, PVP were issued for Crimson King (CO97222-1R/R) and Vanguard Russet (TX08352-5Ru). PVP application for CO02321-4W (Winterset) and COTX09022-3RuRE/Y are currently under examination. Applications for Canadian Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) were submitted in 2018 for Canada Rose, Maritime Russet, and Nonpareil Russet. In 2019, PBR were submitted for Reveille Russet, and Vanguard Russet, Plant Variety Protection (PVP) documents will be prepared for CO00277-2R (Canada Rose), CO97087-2RU (Maritime Russet), CO98067-7RU (Nonpareil Russet), AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold), CO05068-1RU (Rocky Mountain Russet), CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold), and NDTX059759-3RY/Y Pinto (Harlequin Gold) in 2020. In addition, Southwestern cooperators participate in joint releases of cultivars cooperatively with states in other regions. Southwestern/Western Regional Trials - Southwestern Regional Trials were planted in five locations (Bakersfield, CA, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Dalhart, TX, and Springlake, TX) and the Western Regional Trials were planted in ten locations (Ontario, OR, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Aberdeen, ID, Kimberly, ID, Parma, ID, Hermiston, OR, Dalhart, TX, Springlake, TX, and Othello, WA). Results of the 2019 trial were discussed in detail at the Southwestern Regional Group meeting on January 23, 2020, via Zoom Meeting. Eight selections from the 2019 Southwestern Regional Trial were advanced to the 2020 Western Regional Trial. CO11250-1W/Y and CO11266-1W/Y were advanced to the Red/Specialty Trial, CO10085-1RUand CO11009-3RU to the Russet Trial, and CO11023-2W, CO11023-9W, CO11037-5W, and TX09403-15W to the chip trial. Entries for the 2020 Southwestern Regional Trial were also solicited. The 2020 Southwestern Regional Trials include russet and chip selections. Each trial site consists of the following: russet trial (AFC5726-1RU, CO12152-1RU, CO12246-1RU, CO12378-1RU, and COTX08063-2Ru with Russet Norkotah as the check) and the chip trial (AC11453-7W, AC11467-4W, AC11494-6W, AORTX09037-1W/Y, CO12235-3W, CO12293-1W, and CO12428-2W with Atlantic and Snowden as the checks). Complete results (2005-2019) of the Southwestern trial are found on the Texas potato website (potato.tamu.edu). Associated Trials and Locations The Texas program evaluated selections with grower cooperators at two locations, near Springlake on the southern High Plains (12 replicated trials), and near Dalhart at the northwest corner of the panhandle region (13 replicated trials). In addition, advanced selections from the Texas program were evaluated in Florida, Michigan, Nebraska, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Idaho, Wisconsin, and New Brunswick, Canada. In 2018 there were 14,000 acres of potatoes harvested in Texas. New Zebra Chip tolerant clones (diploids and tetraploids) were entered in tissue culture, cleaned (disease-free), and micropropagated. Some of the ZC tolerant clones were used as parents in the crossing block. A trial including eight advanced chipping clones was conducted in Weslaco to test ZC tolerance under natural (no insecticide used) field conditions. California's harvested potato acreage totaled 38,500 in 2018. Primary test sites for California are Bakersfield in Southern California and Tulelake near the Oregon border. The diverse climate in California allows California cooperators to evaluate selections in Bakersfield during winter, spring, and summer months and Tulelake during spring, summer, and fall. California currently lacks a public potato breeding program and instead works closely with the Southwestern and Western Regional programs. Over 20 Southwestern advanced selections/cultivars were evaluated in replicated trials, and another 31 Southwestern clones were represented in 107 clones in an observation trial in Bakersfield in 2019. Work at Tulelake included the evaluation of 38 advanced selections in three replicated trials. Evaluations included agronomic, quality, and pest resistance. Verticillium wilt susceptibility screening was conducted on all Southwest selections at Tulelake. Colorado trials were conducted in the San Luis Valley, near Center, and with growers in Northern Colorado near Greeley and Wray. Additional trials, outside the Southwestern and Western Regional area, with advanced Colorado selections, included Florida, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, as well as Alberta and Quebec, Canada. Colorado harvested 55,000 acres of potatoes in 2018. Colorado will again participate in the 2020 National Fry Processing Trial with two entries. Texas will have nine entries in the National Chip Processing trial this year, and Colorado will have ten entries. Texas has 13 entries, and Colorado has 13 entries in the pre-NCPT trial. Phytonutrient Studies - Texas continues to annually evaluate total antioxidant activity for advanced clones entered in the Southwestern and Western Regional Trials. Texas has established collaborations to explore the use of gene editing in potatoes to modify starch. We have also identified CRISPR-Cas9 experts in Colorado and California, targeting acrylamide and amylose, respectively. These efforts are directly aligned with ongoing health angles already in action in the Colorado and Texas Programs. This is a parallel effort that hopefully will connect with our breeding efforts soon.Colorado continues to place a major emphasis on enhancing the carotenoid content of potato cultivars. Carotenoids found in potatoes may prevent certain diseases, including cardiovascular disease, eye disease, and certain cancers. To date, Colorado has named five yellow-fleshed cultivars [Masquerade, Harvest Moon and Red Luna, and soon to be named AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold) and CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold)] which have significantly more carotenoids compared to Yukon Gold, the standard yellow-fleshed cultivar Disease Resistance - The Primary diseases evaluated are bacterial ring rot and PVY. All susceptible selections with weak or non-existent symptom expression are discarded. Several advanced selections from Colorado and Texas are also distributed annually to state/USDA-ARS collaborators in Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin for additional disease evaluations. These selections are screened for one or more of the following diseases: corky ringspot, late blight, early blight, common scab, powdery scab, potato mop-top virus, PVY, and Verticillium wilt. Colorado identified 13 selections with extreme resistance to PVY via marker analysis. Selection CO05068-1RU (to be named Rocky Mountain Russet) has recently been determined to be extremely resistant to PVY and should provide another integrated tool for potato growers to control PVY. We have tracked the Ryadg and Rysto genes conferring extreme resistance to PVY that co-segregates with PCR-based markers. Markers linked to other major genes for disease resistance (late blight, nematodes) will be implemented in the future. Genotyping -DNA-based genotyping of potatoes maintained at the Texas clone bank, released varieties, and advanced clones was done based using molecular markers. The molecular characterization of potato clones allowed us to study genetic and also develop unique DNA fingerprints of potato clones maintained/developed. DNA fingerprintings were also useful to confirm the identity of the materials, to detect duplication or mixes, and to estimate parentage and genetic relationships. A similar analysis will be done with the materials from the Colorado potato program. The genotyping effort will be useful in Plant Variety Protection (PVP) of new varieties, identity control in tissue culture, selection of diverse parents, and would set up the framework for marker-trait association studies (i.e., QTL, GWAS) and eventually Genomic Selection (GS).

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Schmitz Carley, C.A., J. J. Coombs, M.E. Clough, W. S. De Jong, D.S. Douches, K. G. Haynes, C. R. Higgins, D. G. Holm, J. C. Miller, Jr., F. M. Navarro, R. G. Novy, J. P. Palta, D. L. Parish, G. A. Porter, V. R. Sathuvalli, A. L. Thompson, L. Zotarelli, G. C. Yencho, J. B. Endelman. 2019. Genetic covariance of environments in the Potato National Chip Processing Trial. Crop Science, 59: 107-114. doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.05.0314
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Harrison, K., C. Tamborindeguy, D. C. Scheuring, A. Mendoza Herrera, A. Silva, I. E. Badillo-Vargas, J. C. Miller, Jr., J. G. Levy. 2019. Differences in Zebra Chip severity between Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum haplotypes in Texas. Am. J. Potato Res. 96: 86-93.
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vales, I., C. Miller, J. Koym, and D. Scheuring. 2019. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 295p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring., J.C. Miller, Jr. and, Vales, I. 2019. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 21p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring., J.C. Miller, Jr. and, Vales, I. 2019. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2018. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 24p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Vales, I., J.C. Miller, J. Koym, and D. Scheuring. 2019. 2019 Field Day Handbook. July 18, 2019. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 33p. http://potato.tamu.edu/reports.html
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Gaudreau, K. 2019. 2018 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 131pp.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sharma, C., Swaney-Stueve, M., Jayanty, S., Sathuvalli, V., Holm. D., Chambers IV, E., and Talvera, M. 2019. Consumer and sensory analysis of a wide variety of potato cultivars to identify drivers of liking. Pagborn Sensory Science Symposium 2019. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13261.38886. (Poster).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Sharma, C., Chambers IV, E., Jayanty, S., Sathuvalli, V., Holm. D., and Talvera, M. 2019. Development of a lexicon to describe the sensory characteristics of a wide variety of potatoes grown in the U.S.A. Institute of Food Technologists 2019, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23485.00482. (Poster).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Fang, C., J. Zou, X. Qian and M.I. Vales. Non invasive acoustic evaluation of root mass of tuber crops. Presidents Excellence Fund Symposium. T3 poster sessions. April 4, 2019. Water and Leonore Annenberg Presidential Conference Center, College Station, TX.
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Gautam, S., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Kyom and M.I. Vales. 2019. Heat stress in Texas potato production: Effect of planting date in tuber yield and quality. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. College Station, TX. December 5, 2019. (awarded third prize)
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J. D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Genetic structure and molecular diversity among clones representing the Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program. Horticultural Sciences Poster Symposium. College Station, TX. December 5, 2019. (awarded second prize)
Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Gaudreau, K. 2019. 2019 Open House and Advanced Selection Evaluation Meeting: Colorado advanced potato selections data summary. 37pp. (Unpub).
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Wilson, R.G., D.A. Culp, and K.W. Nicholson. 2019 Annual Progress Report Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. University of California Intermountain Research & Extension Center. Research Report Number 195, 2019. 25 p.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Essah, S. Y. and Holm, D. G. 2019. Response of russet potato to compost application rate with optimum or reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Am. J. Potato Res. 96:332. (Abstract).
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Evaluation of genetic diversity among experimental clones and varieties maintained in vitro by the Texas A&M Potato Breeding and Variety Development Program. The Potato Association of America. 2019 Annual Conference. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, July 28 - August 1, 2019.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Pandey, J., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, A. Chappell, J.C. Miller Jr., J. Coombs, D.S. Douches and M.I. Vales. 2019. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) based fingerprinting of the Texas A&M potato breeding collection. 2019 ASHS Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV, July 21-25, 2019.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Toinga, S., M. Janga, M.I. Vales, and K.S. Rathore. 2019. Evaluation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for targeted gene knockout in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2019 Annual Meetings, San Antonio, TX, November 10-13, 2019.