Source: Acclima, Inc submitted to
A NOVEL THERMO-TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER FOR UNPRECEDENTED SOIL PROPERTY DETERMINATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1015848
Grant No.
2018-33610-28543
Cumulative Award Amt.
$100,000.00
Proposal No.
2018-00636
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2018
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2019
Grant Year
2018
Program Code
[8.4]- Air, Water and Soils
Project Director
Anderson, S.
Recipient Organization
Acclima, Inc
2260 East Commercial St.
Meridian,ID 83642
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
1. The developed instrument will provide a simple means for in-situ measurement of the bulk density of powdery substances such as powdered foods, cosmetics, chemicals, and soils. In the food and cosmetics processing industries it will provide a monitoring and feedback tool that will improve the control of milling, grinding, mixing and packing processes. In agriculture it will allow the assessment of soil type suitability for optimum crop selection thus assisting in the increase of the net overall yield of the worlds food producing soils. For example, peach trees do not thrive and produce well in compacted, high density soils. It will also provide soil density, compaction and infiltration data that will aid in more effective irrigation practices, thus assist in improving crop yields, crop quality, conservation of fresh water, and minimization of stream contamination from agricultural runoff.2. For use in food and cosmetics factories the instrument could be packaged as a production-line-mounted instrument that is exposed to the powdery material being manufactured. Feedback fro the instrument could be used to control the upstream grinding or milling processes thus maintaining a consistent density in the produced product. In agrictural applications it could be mounted to a Pogo-stick-like handle where manual probings could be made. The readout device would contain a GPS unit and cellular radio so that the probed data could be relayed directly to a cloud-based database where the density readings would be mapped. The resulting mapped density information would then be used by agricultural people in assessing their fields for optimum use in food production. Alternately, the device could be mounted to a hydraulically actuated probe on a tractor (perhaps a driverless model) that would automatically take the readings and deposit the data to the cloud. Such an implementation would be the foundation of service businesses throughout the world that would provide soil mappings to farmers.3. The ultimate goal of this product for Acclima, Inc is a significant increase in business revenues through the manufacture and sale of the instruments proposed in (2) above. But there is also a significant benefit to farmers who will benefit in better crop planning decisions and better utilization of their acreages. New businesses can emerge based on the use of this tool in providing mapping services to farmers thus benefiting the economy in agriculturally intense areas.
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
20%
Developmental
60%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10201102020100%
Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
0110 - Soil;

Field Of Science
2020 - Engineering;
Goals / Objectives
During the phase I period a full function prototype of a Thermo-TDR probe will be developed and tested. This device will measure the volumetric water content and permittivity of soils in its TDR contribution and will measure the soil heat transfer characteristics through a heat pulse and thermistor monitoring system. The combination of these measurements will provide a measurement of the bulk soil density.
Project Methods
A major effort will be the integration of two fundamental technologies into a single hardware implementation and measurement inperpretation. That will be to use a Time Domain Reflectometer waveguide both as a water content measuring instrument and as a heat capacity and diffusion measuring instrument. There are conflicting optimizations between the two applications that must be balanced. The interpretation of the resulting water content and heat dynamics data into medium bulk density output data must also be developed. The delicate subcomponents of the device must be packaged and presented to the soil in such a matter so as to be robust and immune to the abuses that are always present in agricultural environments.Success of phase I will be evaluated on the basis of the following items:1. accuracy with which the developed prorotype can measure the bulk density of soils and powders.2. assessed economic feasibility of manufacturing the device.3. potential of the device to achieve a high degree of reliability and robustness in agricultural environments.

Progress 09/01/18 to 08/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Ultimately the target audience of the project will be the potential users of the product. This product, when ready for release, measures the in-situ bulk density of soils, powders, powdered foods, cosmetics, pharmaceudicals and other powdery materials. The current method of making these measurements is to obtain a sample and take it to a laboratory where its volume and weight are measured. In-situ measurements are not available currently. People who process and package powdered materials will be benefitted by increased productivity and convenience with this product. They are the audience for this research - when it is ready for commercialization. Changes/Problems:No major changes in the basic device are necessary. Some minor changes are needed to properly package the device and to eliminate stray heat paths through the device that cause slight errors in measuring thermal conductivity. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The post-doc student working on the project had a major technical input on the firmware development and on the development of the algorithms used in converting the temporal and thermal readings into media bulk density. His role was an intense technical learning and development effort. He became a leading technical resource who provided much of the technical contribution of the product. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The scope of the project was to prove whether or not the envisioned thermo-TDR device could operate effectively with two separate functions sharing common hardware and whether the device was practical and cost effective for manufacturing. If these concepts proved to be favorable then the next step is to secure funding for commercilization. The parties needing such information are the same as those who did the development. They were involved in the development and testing and are thoroughly aware of the results. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Prototypes of a Thermo-TDR were developed (both hardware and firmware) and tested. The prototypes comprised both a Time Domain Reflectometer with a 5cm waveguide and a heat pulse probe using the same waveguide. Accurate permittivity readings were derived from the TDR function of the device andthermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity readings were obtained using the heat pulse function. These measurements were taken in several types of powdered. media. There was some heat coupling between the heat generator and temperature measurement rods through the device enclosure. That can be corrected with design adjustments. Overall the device is successful and can be commercialized with a few architectural modifications.

Publications