Source: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
POTATO VARIETY DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHWEST
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1010213
Grant No.
2016-34141-25706
Cumulative Award Amt.
$2,411,770.00
Proposal No.
2016-06077
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2016
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2019
Grant Year
2018
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
240 FRENCH ADMINISTRATION BLDG
PULLMAN,WA 99164-0001
Performing Department
Horticulture
Non Technical Summary
Developing new varieties is an effective strategy to combat ever-increasing stress and pest problems, improve production andutilization efficiency, and maintain the competitiveness of the US potato industry. Among the genetic improvements needed arebetter fresh market and processing quality, resistance to major environmental stresses, insect pests and diseases, moreefficient utilization of water and nutrients, improved storability, and lowered production costs. The purpose of this research is torelease and commercialize new potato varieties that will directly benefit all segments of the Northwest potato industry andindirectly benefit all US producing regions. The strategy is to identify traits, make crosses, and apply selection pressures that willincrease the probability of developing varieties that can be produced and utilized more efficiently than existing varieties.Appropriate breeding goals include high yield, improved processing quality, genetic resistance to major pests and diseases,higher levels of resistance to stresses, increased nutrient use efficiency, improved human nutritional value, and high tuberquality. An additional environmental benefit comes with reduced use of pesticides, water, and fertilizers, which are normalbyproducts of improved varieties. This major objective is accompanied by myriad minor objectives involving germplasmenhancement, germplasm production, selection procedures, disease and stress screening, variety trial design and conduct,seed increases, management studies, and commercial evaluations. Each objective is to be carried out by the Northwestinstitution(s) best equipped to complete the associated tasks. A heavy element of interdependence among all institutions isessential in achieving the outlined objectives.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011310108135%
2021310108135%
2031310108110%
2041310108110%
2051310108110%
Knowledge Area
204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 205 - Plant Management Systems; 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;
Goals / Objectives
The primary objective of this research is to release and commercialize new potato varieties that will directly benefit all segmentsof the Northwest potato industry. Specific project objectives are as follows: (1) Develop, select and evaluate potato germplasmfor various market classes, including dual-purpose russets (both processing and fresh use), single-purpose processing russets(e.g. solely dehydration or processing into fries), early maturing russets for fresh-pack, specialty tablestock (selections with red, yellow or purple skin and/or flesh), and cold-sweetening resistant chippers; (2) Evaluate end-use quality of advanced selectionsand identify potential varieties with respect to processing and fresh use merit; (3) Conduct associated research that will improvethe efficiency of cultivar development, including the use of molecular techniques, such as marker-assisted selection, to speedthe transfer of desirable traits to the cultivated potato and the genetic analysis of traits of importance to the potato industry; (4)Evaluate breeding material under typical, as well as under more severe disease conditions and identify commercially acceptablevarieties with improved disease and pest resistance; (5) Develop cultural management guidelines for newly released varieties tofacilitate their adoption and utilization and maximize production efficiency and profitability; (6) Increase and maintain seed stocksfree of viruses and other pathogens for distribution to representatives of the potato industry interested in evaluating breedingmaterial. The expected outputs include new potato varieties that provide profitable and sustainable production for the grower,improved competitiveness for the Northwest and US potato industries, a healthy and inexpensive food supply for Americanconsumers, and an improved environment.
Project Methods
In conjunction with USDA/ARS researchers, the latest molecular and breeding techniques will be used to enhance germplasmfor quality, nutritional value, and stress and pest resistance. Germplasm with commercial potential will be selected from resultingpopulations. A series of state, tri-state, and regional trials will be used to evaluate the potential of breeding clones. The bestclones will be released for public use. Management studies will be conducted to provide production information on all newvarieties. High quality seed will be produced and disseminated for industry evaluation purposes. All procedures will be subject toreview by a Tri-state industry committee. The ultimate success of new varieties (outputs) from the program will be evaluatedbased on the extent of their adoption and utilization by industry.

Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Researchers, farmers, processors, quick service restaurant industry, industry stakeholders (agricultural chemical and fertilizer companies, food processors, equipment manufacturers, etc.). Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The NWPVD program provides continuing opportunities for training personnel in the science of breeding and genetics, variety development, agronomic management, and postharvest handling, storage and processing quality evaluation of a diverse array of germplasm. On average, the multi-state project engages three to four graduate students, three postdoctoral associates, five technical, and numerous undergraduate students in the project annually. Extension personnel and industry stakeholders also participate in efforts to grow and evaluate the clonal entries on an annual basis. Many of the graduate students who have worked in this program are employed in professional and management positions in the potato industry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination of detailed research results from the NWPVD Program occurs annually at meetings of the Tri-State and Western Regional Technical Committees (which includes university, industry/stakeholder, and USDA-ARS members), and in written form through publication of the USDA-ARS Western Regional Trial Report and the WSU Potato Cultivar Yield and Postharvest Quality Evaluations Report. Both of these publications are freely available in written and electronic formats (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=21888 & http://potatoes.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-Potato- Cultivar-Yield-and-Postharvest-Quality-Evaluations-Research-Edition.pdf). Additionally, results from the Northwest program are communicated directly to stakeholders annually through oral presentations and related proceedings articles at the Washington/Oregon Potato Conference (Kennewick, WA), Western Washington Potato Conference (Mt Vernon, WA), Idaho Potato Conference (Pocatello, ID), and Hermiston Farm Fair & Trade Show (Hermiston, OR). Potato field days showcasing variety trials and related management research are held annually at the WSU Research Unit at Othello, WA, WSU Northwest Washington Research & Extension Center at Mt Vernon, WA, and Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center (Hermiston, OR). Varieties released from the program are managed by the Potato Variety Management Institute, which summarizes phenotypic data and articulates strengths and weaknesses of released varieties along with cultural and storage management information on the PVMI website (http://www.pvmi.org/default.htm). Further agronomic and postharvest management information is made available to researchers and stakeholders on the Univ. of Idaho potatoes websites (http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/varieties & http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/storage). Collectively, these efforts expedite the earliest possible adoption of new releases, which is a strength of the Northwest Program. The PI's also communicate research results nationally and internationally through oral and poster presentations at annual meetings of professional societies (e.g., Potato Association of America, American Phytopathological Society) and via publication of journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact The Tri-State program has produced a number of widely adopted varieties, such as Umatilla Russet (Mosley et al., 2000), Ranger Russet (Pavek et al., 1992), Alturas (Novy et al., 2003), Blazer Russet (Stark et al., 2007), Clearwater Russet (Novy et al., 2010), Mountain Gem Russet (Stark et al., 2016), and Teton Russet (Novy et al., 2014). Together these and other Tri-State varieties represent 25%, 52% and 35% of total potato acreage in ID, OR and WA, respectively (NASS, 2018). Ranger Russet, Umatilla Russet, Clearwater Russet, Alturas, and Teton Russet were the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th most widely grown varieties in Idaho in 2018, respectively (NASS, Crop Production, December, 2018). Umatilla Russet, Alturas, Ranger Russet, and Clearwater Russet were respectively the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 6th most widely grown varieties in OR in 2018. In WA, Umatilla Russet, Clearwater Russet, Ranger Russet, and Alturas ranked 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 7th, respectively, in acreage. Tri-State varieties represented 5% of the 2018 U.S. fall potato acreage (190,000 acres) with Umatilla Russet, Ranger Russet, Clearwater Russet, Alturas and Bannock Russet being the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 9th most widely grown varieties in these states. Varieties released by the NWPVD Program are now produced on 160,420 acres in the Pacific Northwest with value to growers estimated at approximately $660 million. On a national basis, Tri-State varieties were produced on 255,000 acres. With the recent acceptance of Clearwater Russet and Blazer Russet for processing by McDonald's on a regional basis, we expect the acreage of these varieties to increase significantly. Of the seven varieties currently accepted by McDonald's on a national or regional basis for their Gold Standard French fry production, four (Ranger Russet, Umatilla Russet, Clearwater Russet, and Blazer Russet) were developed and released by the NWPVD program. Accomplishments The following potato varieties were officially released by the Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program (known regionally as the Tri-State Program) from 2015-2019: Pomerelle Russet, Mountain Gem Russet, Payette Russet, Targhee Russet, TerraRosa, Smilin' Eyes, Echo Russet, Castle Russet, and La Belle Russet. All varieties developed by the Northwest Program have been licensed to the Potato Variety Management Institute (PVMI), a non-profit organization working on behalf of the program to promote and market varieties since 2005. Detailed information about these and other NWPVD varieties can be found at www.pvmi.org. In 2018, over 100,000 Aberdeen-generated seedling tubers and approximately 20,000 seedling tubers obtained from other state breeding programs were planted on 28 acres for first field generation selection at Aberdeen, as well as an additional 1,600 second field year (12-hill) selections. Seven agronomic trials of Aberdeen breeding clones and the National Fry Processing Trial were planted at Aberdeen and Kimberly, as well as disease screening trials for early blight, common scab, and PVY/PLRV. Thirteen entries from the Aberdeen program were entered in advanced agronomic and processing trials in the Tri-State russet and specialty trials in 2018 to assess their performance relative to industry standards. Six russet clones were entered in the early season Tri-State Variety Trials, 5 in the late season Tri-State Variety Trials and 2 clones in the Tri-State Specialty Trial. In addition, 5 russet clones were entered into the Western Regional Trials. A total of twelve breeding clones and varieties from the Aberdeen program were also entries in the 2018 National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), which seeks to identify processing varieties having low acrylamide that could be rapidly adopted by the U.S. potato processing industry. Five of twelve entries were entered into the Tier 2 category, with the remaining seven entries entered into Tier 1 in 2018. Following review of 2018 NFPT data, and the final recommendations of the NFPT Steering Committee, four Aberdeen clones from 2018 were advanced to Tiers 2 and 3 of the 2019 NFPT, with an additional 14 clones from Aberdeen entered as Tier 1. Additional studies were conducted at Aberdeen in 2018 designed to compare nitrogen use efficiency of 5 advanced selections from the breeding program with that of Russet Burbank. The efficiency of N fertilizer use for these new clones is substantially greater than standard varieties, ranging from 10-20% better than Russet Burbank. Reducing fertilizer applications per unit of yield produced provides a considerable economic benefit to growers and also contributes significantly to the sustainability of potato production systems. Additional studies were conducted to determine optimal phosphorus rates, seed management practices, seed piece spacing, and N management guidelines for new and previously released Tri-State varieties. The phosphorus requirements of most of the new varieties were 15-20% lower than those for Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Progress has continued in the development of potato varieties having resistance/tolerance to the tuber necrotic viruses: Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) responsible for corky ringspot disease. Aberdeen-led Tri-State releases having resistance/tolerance to these tuber necrotic viruses include Pomerelle Russet (Stark et al., 2018) and La Belle Russet to be released in 2019; both varieties display resistance to PMTV. Payette Russet, a 2015 Tri-State release, also has moderate resistance to corky ringspot (CR) disease, whereas standard varieties are considered susceptible (Novy et al., 2017). In addition, the Aberdeen breeding program is progressing in the evaluation and identification of germplasm with genetic resistances to potato viruses X and Y (PVX, PVY), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), late blight (foliar and tuber), potato cyst nematodes, Verticillium wilt (VW), zebra chip, and potato psyllid (the insect vector for Liberibacter responsible for zebra chip). Payette Russet is an example of our efforts in breeding for extreme virus resistance to all PVY strains (conferred by the Rysto gene). Additionally, Payette has resistance to late blight and common scab, and is moderately resistant to VW, early blight, and CR. In 2014, the Idaho program also began incorporating another unique PVY-resistance gene, Rychc, which confers extreme resistance to PVY from the Japanese breeding clone Saikai 35, via hybridizations. This breeding effort seeks to expand the Ry genes present in a major breeding program. Ryadg and Rysto-based germplasm and advanced clones already exist in most breeding programs, with Rychc utilized infrequently. Molecular markers for Rychc (Mori et al., 2012) will be used to screen agronomically acceptable selections from these hybrid populations. These selections will also be screened against multiple PVY strains to ensure robustness of the Rychc-associated markers. Cold-sweetening resistance is also an objective of the program and Premier Russet, Clearwater Russet, and most recently, Payette Russet are examples of our success in this area. The enhanced cold-sweetening resistance of Clearwater Russet contributed significantly to its recent approval by McDonald's for processing in the PNW. Such low-sugar varieties also contribute to reductions in acrylamide formation in processed potato products, with reducing sugars being a primary contributor. Asparagine also contributes to acrylamide formation, and the lower concentrations in Teton and Payette Russet (Novy et al., 2014; 2017) provide the industry with another approach for reducing acrylamide levels in processed potato products. Genetic mapping and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with tuber reducing sugars and fry color was also conducted with colleagues, with significant QTLs accounting for 24% and 46% of the total phenotypic variation for tuber glucose and fry color, respectively (Massa et al., 2018).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Whitworth, J.L., Novy, R.G., Zasada, I.A., Dandurand, L., Wang, X., Kuhl, J.C. 2018. Resistance of potato breeding clones and cultivars to three species of potato cyst nematode. Plant Disease. 102(11):2120-2128.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Endelman, J.B., Schmitz Carley, C.A., Bethke, P.C., Coombs, J.J., Clough, M., Da Silva, W., De Jong, W.S., Douches, D.S., Frederick, C.M., Haynes, K.G., Holm, D.G., Miller, J., Munoz, P., Navarro, F.M., Novy, R.G., Palta, J.P., Porter, G.A., Rak, K., Sathuvalli, V., Thompson, A.L., Yencho, G. 2018. Genetic variance partitioning and genome-wide prediction with allele dosage information in autotetraploid potato. Genetics. 209:77-87.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Shock CC, Brown CR, Sathuvalli V, Charlton BA, Yilma Y, Hane DC, Quick R, Feibert E, Whitworth JL, Novy RG, Stark JC, Pavek MJ, Knowles NR, Navarre RA, Miller JC, Holm DG, Debons J, Vales MI, and Wang X. 2018. TerraRossa, a mid-season specialty potato with red flesh and skin and resistance to golden cyst nematode. Am J Pot Res 95: 597-605.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dean, CJ, Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2018. Auxin modulates gibberellin-induced effects on growth, yield, and raw product recovery for frozen processing in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Am J Pot Res 95: 622-641. (cover feature article)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Rosen C, Sun Y, Olsen N, Thornton M, Pavek M, Knowles LO, and NR Knowles. 2018. Impact of Agronomic and Storage Practices on Acrylamide in Processed Potatoes. Am J Pot Res 95: 319-327.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Dean, CJ, Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2018. Efficacy of seed aging and GA treatments for manipulating apical dominance, tuber set, and size distribution of cv Shepody. Am J Pot Res 95: 526-538.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Si Y, Sankaran S, Knowles NR, and Pavek MJ. 2018. Image-based automated potato tuber shape evaluation. J Food Measurement & Characterization 12: 702-709
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Stark JC, Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Thornton MK, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Brandt TL, Olsen N. 2018. Pomerelle Russet: An early maturing potato variety with high yields of U.S. No. 1 tubers suitable for fresh market and early processing and resistance to potato mop top virus. Am J Pot Res 95: 110-122.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kumar, GNM, Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2017. Zebra chip disease enhances respiration and oxidative stress of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 246:625-639.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yilma S, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Shock C, Hane D, James S, Mosley A, Rykbost K, Feibert E, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Stark J, Novy RG, Whitworth J, Pavek J, Corsini DL, Brandt T, Olsen N, Vales I, Sathuvalli V. 2017. Sage Russet: A new high yielding russet potato variety with cold-sweetening resistance, high vitamin C and protein contents and excellent fresh pack and processing potential. Am J Pot Res 94:379-389
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rashidi, M., R.G. Novy, C.M. Wallis, and A. Rashed. 2017. Characterization of host plant resistance to zebra chip disease from species-derived potato gentoypes and the identification of new sources of zebra chip resistance. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183283. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183283
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kuhl, J.C., R.G. Novy, J. L. Whitworth, M.S. Dibble, B. Schneider, and D. Hall. 2016. Development of molecular markers closely linked to the potato leafroll virus resistance gene, Rlretb, for use in marker-assisted selection. American Journal of Potato Research 93:203-212.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bali, S., K. Vining, C. Brown, and V. Sathuvalli (2018) Differential gene expression analysis of Meloidogyne chitwoodi resistance in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:208-229
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Jayanty, S.S., D. Kalita, and V. Sathuvalli (2018) Environmental impact on anthocyanin accumulation in Fortress Russet. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:208-229
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Moyo, L., S.V. Ramesh, M. Kappagantu, V. Sathuvalli, N. Mitter, and H.R. Pappu (2018) Transcriptome-wide mining of potato genes targeted by potato virus Y-derived small interfering RNAs of the three biologically distinct strains. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:208-229.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Navarre, R.A., M. J. Holden, C. Brown, R. Novy, M.J. Pavek, M. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, and V. Sathuvalli (2018) Screening potato cultivars and breeding lines for phytonutrients. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:208-229.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Vining, K., C. Brown, and V. Sathuvalli (2018) Solanum bulbocastanum genome assembly improvement with long read sequencing. Am. J. Potato Res. 95:208-229
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Waxman, A., Stark, J., Thornton, M.K., Olsen, N., Guenthner, J., Novy, R.G. 2018. The effect of harvest timing on French fry textural quality of three processing potato varieties: Russet Burbank, Alpine Russet, and Clearwater Russet. American Journal of Potato Research. 96(1):33-47.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Massa, A.N., Manrique-Carpintero, N.C., Coombs, J.J., Haynes, K.G., Bethke, P.C., Yencho, C.G., Brandt, T., Gupta, S.K., Novy, R.G., Douches, D.S. 2018. Linkage analysis and QTL mapping in a tetraploid russet mapping population of potato. BioMed Central (BMC) Genetics. 19:87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-018-0672-1.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Schmitz Carley, C.A., Coombs, J.J., Clough, M.E., DeJong, W.S., Douches, D.S., Haynes, K.G., Higgins, C.R., Holm, D.G., Miller, J.C., Navarro, F.M., Novy, R.G., Palta, J.P., Parish, D.L., Porter, G.A., Sathuvalli, V.R., Thompson, A.L., Zotarelli, L., Yencho, G.C., Endelman, J.B. 2018. Genetic covariance of environments in the potato national chip processing trial. Crop Science. 58:1-8.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bali, S., Patel, G., Novy, R.G., Vining, K., Thompson, A., Brown, C., Holm, D., Porter, G., Endleman, J., Sathuvalli, V. 2018. Evaluation of genetic diversity among Russet potato clones and varieties from breeding programs across the United States. PLoS One. 13(8): e0201415. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201415.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Waxman, A., Stark, J., Guenthner, J., Olsen, N., Thornton, M., Novy, R.G. 2018. An economic analysis of the effects of harvest timing on yield, quality, and processing contract price for three potato varieties. American Journal of Potato Research. 95:549-563.


Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, processors, quick service restaurant industry, industry stakeholders (agricultural chemical and fertilizer companies, food processors, equipment manufacturers, etc.). Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The NWPVD program provides continuing opportunities for training personnel in the science of breeding and genetics, variety development, agronomic management, and postharvest handling, storage and processing quality evaluation of a diverse array of germplasm. On average, the multi-state project engages two to four graduate students, three postdoctoral associates, five technical, and numerous undergraduate students in the project annually. Extension personnel and industry stakeholders also participate in efforts to grow and evaluate the clonal entries on an annual basis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination of detailed research results from the NWPVD Program occurs annually at meetings of the Tri-State and Western Regional Technical Committees (which includes university, industry/stakeholder, and USDA-ARS members), and in written form through publication of the USDA-ARS Western Regional Trial Report and the WSU Potato Cultivar Yield and Postharvest Quality Evaluations Report. Both of these publications are freely available in written and electronic formats (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=21888 & http://potatoes.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-Potato-Cultivar-Yield-and-Postharvest-Quality-Evaluations-Research-Edition.pdf). Additionally, results from the Northwest program are communicated directly to stakeholders annually through oral presentations and related proceedings articles at the Washington/Oregon Potato Conference (Kennewick, WA), Western Washington Potato Conference (Mt Vernon, WA), Idaho Potato Conference (Pocatello, ID), and Hermiston Farm Fair & Trade Show (Hermiston, OR). Potato field days showcasing variety trials and related management research are held annually at the WSU Research Unit at Othello, WA, WSU Northwest Washington Research & Extension Center at Mt Vernon, WA, and Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center (Hermiston, OR). Varieties released from the program are managed by the Potato Variety Management Institute, which summarizes phenotypic data and articulates strengths and weaknesses of released varieties along with cultural and storage management information on the PVMI website (http://www.pvmi.org/default.htm). Further agronomic and postharvest management information is made available to researchers and stakeholders on the Univ. of Idaho potatoes websites (http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/varieties & http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/storage). Collectively, these efforts expedite the earliest possible adoption of new releases, which is a strength of the Northwest Program. The PI's also communicate research results nationally and internationally through oral and poster presentations at annual meetings of professional societies (e.g., Potato Association of America, American Phytopathological Society) and via publication of refereed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Winter/Spring 2018: Initiate program evaluation and planning. Complete cooking tests, summarize data, and prepare presentations for grower groups. Complete data summarization for 2017 trials and complete publication of the Tri-State Potato Variety Trials report. Continue postharvest process quality evaluations. Organize and plant all 2018 variety and management trials, make decisions concerning seed increases and order plantlets. Identify, order, receive and cut seed tubers, plant and establish plots, initiate data collection. Analyze the effects of long-term storage on sugar content and fry color. Begin crossing, vegetative propagation and plantlet and seedling establishment, and greenhouse planting. Summer 2018: Maintain plots and apply appropriate treatments and management inputs. Complete field notes (emergence, vigor, vine size, vine maturity, disease ratings, etc.) for all variety trials. Accumulate all morphological descriptor information for advanced selections. Continue production of greenhouse tuberlings. Complete field disease screening. Increase breeder and limited-generation seed in the field and greenhouse as needed. Begin harvests, collect yield, grade and quality data, initiate storage trials and begin postharvest evaluations. Fall 2018: Harvest late trial plots. Grade and evaluate tubers for cooking quality, storability, bruise response, postharvest disease reaction, and initiate processing tests. Assist commercial producers and seed growers with sampling, providing appropriate measurements and evaluations, and interpretation of data from large-scale evaluation plots. Participate in team selection efforts at early generation production sites. Complete virus testing and indexing. Harvest and store pre-nuclear tubers. Select parental clones for crossing. Begin studies on the biochemistry of quality factors, improvement of seed increase methods, genetics of important traits, and nutritive value.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The following six potato varieties were released by the Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program (also known regionally as the Tri-State Program) from 2015-17: Pomerelle Russet, Mountain Gem Russet, Targhee Russet, Payette Russet, TerraRosa, and Smilin' Eyes. All varieties developed by the NWPVD Program have been licensed to the Potato Variety Management Institute (PVMI), a non-profit organization working on behalf of the program to promote and market varieties since 2005. Detailed information about these and other NWPVD varieties can be found at www.pvmi.org. In 2016, the Idaho contingent evaluated the productivity and quality of potato clones in 32 trials at 6 locations. Particular emphasis was placed on selecting for potential new varieties with adaptation to local conditions, (fresh and process markets), production efficiencies, and multiple disease resistances. In addition, 22 entries from Aberdeen were entered in advanced agronomic and processing trials in WA, ID, OR, CO, CA, and TX, to assess their performance relative to industry standards. Potato breeding clones, including 99,400 single hills (1st field generation clones) and 1,540, 12-hill (2nd field generation) selections were planted, maintained, and harvested at three seed sites. Progress has continued in identifying corky ringspot resistant germplasm that also has desirable yield, quality and tuber appearance characteristics. Payette Russet, a 2015 Tri-State release, has moderate resistance to corky ringspot disease, whereas standard varieties are considered susceptible. POR06V12-3 (to be released as Castle Russet) is resistant to corky ringspot. In addition, the breeding program is progressing in the evaluation and identification of germplasm with genetic resistances to potato viruses X and Y (PVX, PVY), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), late blight (foliar and tuber), nematodes, Veticillium wilt (VW), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), Corky ringspot (CRS), zebra chip, and potato psyllid (insect vector for Liberibacter responsible for zebra chip). Payette Russet is an example of our efforts in breeding for extreme virus resistance to all PVY strains (conferred by the Rysto gene). Additionally, Payette has resistance to late blight and common scab, and is moderately resistant to VW, early blight, and CR. The ID breeding effort to incorporate the PVY-resistance gene, Rychc, seeks to expand the Ry genes present in a major breeding program. Ryadg and Rysto-based germplasm and advanced clones already exist in most breeding programs, with Rychc being utilized infrequently. Molecular markers for Rychc (Mori et al., 2011) will be used to screen agronomically acceptable selections from these hybrid populations. These selections will also be screened against multiple PVY strains to ensure robustness of the Rychc associated markers. Research continued in 2016 to evaluate resistance of the advanced Tri-State selections to PMTV in collaboration with Dr. Chuck Brown, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA. A recent Tri-State variety release, Pomerelle Russet, was identified as having resistance to PMTV with a release manuscript to be submitted to the Amer J Potato Res. Additionally, POR06V12-3 and AO96141-3 (to be released as Echo Russet) clones have robust resistance to PMTV. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed from the genome of S. etuberosum to aid in the fine mapping and cloning of the Rlretb gene (Kelly et al., 2009). This gene, identified at Aberdeen, ID, is a major gene for resistance to PLRV, a primary virus of potato that causes loss of yield, as well as quality due to development of net necrosis in PLRV infected tubers. Further work is focusing on developing methods for determining gene dosage of virus and nematode resistance genes. Cold-sweetening resistance is also an objective of the program and Premier Russet, Clearwater Russet, and most recently, Payette Russet are examples of our success in this area. The enhanced cold-sweetening resistance of Clearwater Russet contributed significantly to its recent approval by McDonald's for processing in the PNW. Such low-sugar varieties also contribute to reductions in acrylamide formation in processed potato products, with reducing sugars being a primary contributor. Asparagine also contributes to acrylamide formation and the lower concentrations in Teton and Payette Russet (Novy et al., 2014; 2016) provide the industry with another approach for reducing acrylamide levels in processed potato products. Three additional field trials were established in 2016 at Aberdeen and Parma, ID, Othello, WA, and Klamath Falls, OR to identify specialty varieties suitable for the western and eastern growing regions of Idaho. Two of the clones, A06336-5Y and COA07365-4RY show considerable promise for release. In addition, 12 field studies were completed in 2016 to develop management guidelines for new varieties. These studies addressed N fertilizer requirements, plant spacing and seed piece size, irrigation management and water stress responses, herbicide tolerances and storage requirements. Management guidelines for new cultivars were published on the Univ. of Idaho Potato Center and PVMI websites (www.cals.uidaho.edu/potato; www.pvmi.org). Breeding efforts at OSU complement and enhance those of the USDA/ARS programs in ID and WA by incorporating disease and pest resistances using multi-trait genotypic recurrent selection. Molecular techniques have been refined, which should hasten the transfer of desirable genes among varieties and introgression of novel genes from related wild species. OSU has recently validated the use of molecular markers to screen for resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (CRKN) and late blight Rb genes. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is being employed for PVY and CRKN resistances. All Tri-State variety releases maintained by PVMI were recently fingerprinted using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and Illumina Infinium SolCAP 12K SNP array (Bali et al., 2016). The SSR fingerprinting data is available through the PVMI website. In 2016, the OSU group conducted 36 field trials in 4 regions (Hermiston, Klamath Falls, Ontario, Corvallis). Disease/pest/abiotic stress resistance trials were completed at Corvallis (late blight) and Hermiston (VW/early die, PVY and CRKN). More than 40,000 lbs of breeder seed from the Tri-State program was produced and shipped to trial coordinators for 2016 planting. Initial screening for new sources of resistance to soil borne pathogens (CRKN and VW) identified potential sources of resistance from S. hougasii for CRKN and S. iopetalum for VW. Replicated screening trials are underway to confirm potential new sources of resistance. In addition, the Oregon group is developing new markers linked to CRKN tuber resistance and also developing transcriptome resources to understand the genetic basis of resistance to CRKN from SB22. In 2016, the Washington contingent conducted 35 field trials in the Columbia Basin including variety trials, stand establishment, fertility, intra- and inter-row spacing, heat and water stress, seed productivity, and plant growth regulator studies. Economic evaluations of Tri-State and Regional clones were completed and many clones produced higher returns than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet. Washington State University researchers completed postharvest storage, processing quality, and culinary evaluations for samples of russet entries produced in the late season trials from all sites across the Tri-State region.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rosen C, Sun Y, Olsen N, Thornton M, Pavek M and NR Knowles. 2017. Impact of Agronomic and Storage Practices on Acrylamide in Processed Potatoes. Am J Pot Res (in review).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Stark JC, Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Thornton MK, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Brandt TL, Olsen N. 2017. Pomerelle Russet: An early maturing potato variety with high yields of U.S. No. 1 tubers suitable for fresh market and early processing and resistance to potato mop top virus. Am J Pot Res (in press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yilma S, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Shock C, Hane D, James S, Mosley A, Rykbost K, Feibert E, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Stark J, Novy RG, Whitworth J, Pavek J, Corsini DL, Brandt T, Olsen N, Vales I, Sathuvalli V. 2017. Sage Russet: A new high yielding russet potato variety with cold-sweetening resistance, high vitamin C and protein contents and excellent fresh pack and processing potential. Am J Pot Res (in press).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Herman DJ, LO Knowles and NR Knowles. 2017. Heat stress affects carbohydrate metabolism during cold-induced sweetening of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 245:563-582.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sapinder Bali, Vidyasagar Sathuvalli, Chuck Brown, Rich Novy, Lorie Ewing, Jeanne Debons, David Douches, Joseph Coombs, Duroy Navarre, Jonathan Whitworth, Brian Charlton, Solomon Yilma, Clinton Shock, Jeff Stark, Mark Pavek, NR Knowles. 2017. Genetic Fingerprinting of Potato Varieties from the Northwest Potato Variety Development Program. Am J Pot Res 94:54-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Si Y, Sankaran S, Knowles NR, and Pavek, MJ. 2017. Potato tuber length-width ratio assessment using image analysis. Am J Pot Res 94:88-93.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Stark JC, Schneider B, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Knowles LO, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Yilma S, Brown CR, Thornton M, Brandt TL, Olsen N. 2017. Payette Russet: a dual-purpose cultivar with cold-sweetening resistance, low acrylamide formation, and resistance to late blight and potato virus Y. Am J Pot Res 94: 38-53.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Sathuvalli V, Brown CR, Yilma S, Charlton BA, Shock C, Quick R, Feibert E, Whitworth JL, Novy RG, Stark JC, Pavek MJ, Knowles NR, Navarre D, Debons J and I Vales. 2016. Yukon Nugget: A mid-season yellow skin, yellow flesh specialty potato with extreme resistance to potato virus X. Am J Pot Res 93: 602-608.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Herman DJ, LO Knowles and NR Knowles. 2016. Low oxygen storage modulates invertase activity to attenuate cold-induced sweetening and loss of process quality in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Postharvest Biol Tech 121:106-117.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Herman DJ, Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2016. Differential sensitivity of genetically related potato cultivars to treatments designed to alter apical dominance, tuber set and size distribution. Am J Pot Res 93:331-349 DOI 10.1007/s12230-016-9507-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Whitworth JL, Novy RG, Stark JC, Thornton MK, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Spear RR, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Yilma S, Brandt TL, and N Olsen. 2016. Targhee Russet: a high yielding dual purpose long russet with tuber soft rot resistance. Am J Pot Res 93:189-201. DOI: 10.1007/s12230-016-9495-7
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 12. Robinson, B., V. Sathuvalli, J. Bamberg, A. Goyer (2016). Exploring folate diversity in wild and primitive potatoes for modern crop improvement. Genes 6:1300-1314.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Stark JC, Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Thornton MK, Spear RR, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Olsen N, andTL Brandt. 2016. Mountain Gem Russet: a medium to late season potato variety with high early and full season yield potential and excellent fresh marketcCharacteristics. Am J Pot Res 93:158-171. DOI 10.1007/s12230-015-9493-1.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2016. Optimizing tuber set and size distribution for potato seed (Solanum tuberosum L) expressing varying degrees of apical dominance. J Plant Growth Regul 35:574-585. DOI: 10.1007/s00344-015-9562-1.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schmitz Carley, C.A., J.J. Coombs, D.S. Douches, P.C. Bethke, J.P. Palta, R.G. Novy, and J.B. Endelman. Automated tetraploid genotype calling by hierarchical clustering. 2017. Theoretical and Applied Genetics DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2845-5.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kuhl, J.C., R.G. Novy, J. L. Whitworth, M.S. Dibble, B. Schneider, and D. Hall. 2016. Development of molecular markers closely linked to the potato leafroll virus resistance gene, Rlretb, for use in marker-assisted selection. American Journal of Potato Research 93:203-212.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: 4. Wang, Y., P.C. Bethke, A.J. Bussan, M.T. Glynn, D.G. Holm, F.M. Navarro, R.G. Novy, J.P. Palta, M.J. Pavek, G.A. Porter, V.R. Sathuvalli, A.L. Thompson, P.J. Voglewede, J.L. Whitworth, D.I. Parish, J.B. Endelman. 2016. Acrylamide-forming potential and agronomic properties of elite us potato germplasm from the national fry processing trial. Crop Sci. 56:30-39.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: 4. Endelman, J.B., C.A. Schmitz Carley, D.S. Douches, J.J. Coombs, B. Bizimungu, W.S. De Jong, K.G. Haynes, D.G. Holm, J.C. Miller Jr, R.G. Novy, D.L. Parish, G.A. Porter, V.R.Sathvalli, A.L. Thompson, G.C. Yencho. (2017). Pedigree reconstruction with genome-wide markers in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. DOI 10.1007/s12230-016-9556-y


Progress 09/01/17 to 07/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, processors, quick service restaurant industry, industry stakeholders (agricultural chemical and fertilizer companies, food processors, equipment manufacturers, etc.). Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The NWPVD program provides continuing opportunities for training personnel in the science of breeding and genetics, variety development, agronomic management, and postharvest handling, storage and processing quality evaluation of a diverse array of germplasm. On average, the multi-state project engages three to four graduate students, three postdoctoral associates, five technical, and numerous undergraduate students in the project annually. Extension personnel and industry stakeholders also participate in efforts to grow and evaluate the clonal entries on an annual basis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dissemination of detailed research results from the NWPVD Program occurs annually at meetings of the Tri-State and Western Regional Technical Committees (which includes university, industry/stakeholder, and USDA-ARS members), and in written form through publication of the USDA-ARS Western Regional Trial Report and the WSU Potato Cultivar Yield and Postharvest Quality Evaluations Report. Both of these publications are freely available in written and electronic formats (http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=21888 & http://potatoes.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-Potato- Cultivar-Yield-and-Postharvest-Quality-Evaluations-Research-Edition.pdf). Additionally, results from the Northwest program are communicated directly to stakeholders annually through oral presentations and related proceedings articles at the Washington/Oregon Potato Conference (Kennewick, WA), Western Washington Potato Conference (Mt Vernon, WA), Idaho Potato Conference (Pocatello, ID), and Hermiston Farm Fair & Trade Show (Hermiston, OR). Potato field days showcasing variety trials and related management research are held annually at the WSU Research Unit at Othello, WA, WSU Northwest Washington Research & Extension Center at Mt Vernon, WA, and Hermiston Agricultural Research & Extension Center (Hermiston, OR). Varieties released from the program are managed by the Potato Variety Management Institute, which summarizes phenotypic data and articulates strengths and weaknesses of released varieties along with cultural and storage management information on the PVMI website (http://www.pvmi.org/default.htm). Further agronomic and postharvest management information is made available to researchers and stakeholders on the Univ. of Idaho potatoes websites (http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/varieties & http://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potatoes/research/storage). Collectively, these efforts expedite the earliest possible adoption of new releases, which is a strength of the Northwest Program. The PI's also communicate research results nationally and internationally through oral and poster presentations at annual meetings of professional societies (e.g., Potato Association of America, American Phytopathological Society) and via publication of refereed journal articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Winter/Spring 2019: Initiate program evaluation and planning. Complete cooking tests, summarize data, and prepare presentations for grower groups. Complete data summarization for 2018 trials and complete publication of the Tri-State Potato Variety Trials report. Continue postharvest process quality evaluations. Organize and plant all 2019 variety and management trials, make decisions concerning seed increases and order plantlets. Identify, order, receive and cut seed tubers, plant and establish plots, initiate data collection. Analyze the effects of long-term storage on sugar content and fry color. Begin crossing, vegetative propagation and plantlet and seedling establishment, and greenhouse planting. Summer 2019: Maintain plots and apply appropriate treatments and management inputs. Complete field notes (emergence, vigor, vine size, vine maturity, disease ratings, etc.) for all variety trials. Accumulate all morphological descriptor information for advanced selections. Continue production of greenhouse tuberlings. Complete field disease screening. Increase breeder and limited-generation seed in the field and greenhouse as needed. Begin harvests, collect yield, grade and quality data, initiate storage trials and begin postharvest evaluations. Fall 2019: Harvest late trial plots. Grade and evaluate tubers for cooking quality, storability, bruise response, postharvest disease reaction, and initiate processing tests. Assist commercial producers and seed growers with sampling, providing appropriate measurements and evaluations, and interpretation of data from large-scale evaluation plots. Participate in team selection efforts at early generation production sites. Complete virus testing and indexing. Harvest and store pre-nuclear tubers. Select parental clones for crossing. Begin studies on the biochemistry of quality factors, improvement of seed increase methods, genetics of important traits, and nutritive value.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The following potato varieties were officially released by the Northwest Potato Variety Development (NWPVD) Program (also known regionally as the Tri-State Program) from 2015-18: Pomerelle Russet, Mountain Gem Russet, Payette Russet, Targhee Russet, TerraRosa, Smilin' Eyes, Echo Russet, and Castle Russet. All varieties developed by the Northwest Program have been licensed to the Potato Variety Management Institute (PVMI), a non-profit organization working on behalf of the program to promote and market varieties since 2005. Detailed information about these and other NWPVD varieties can be found at www.pvmi.org. In 2017, potato breeding clones, including over 100,000 single hills (1st field generation clones), were planted, maintained, and harvested at three seed sites, with advanced breeding clones evaluated in 32 replicated field trials in six locations across southern Idaho for their potential as new potato varieties. Particular emphasis was placed on selecting breeding clones with adaptation to local conditions, dual utility with use in both fresh and processing markets, production efficiency, and multiple disease resistances. Twenty-two entries from the Aberdeen program were entered in advanced agronomic and processing trials in the Tri-State and Western Regional to assess their performance relative to industry standards. We had 5 russet clones in the Western Regional Trials, 9 russet clones in the early season Tri-State Variety Trials, 7 in the late season Tri-State Variety Trials, and 3 clones in the Tri-State Specialty trial. The National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) was continued for a 7th year with support from the potato processing industry, Potatoes USA, state potato commissions, and the National Potato Council. The purpose of the trial is to evaluate processing varieties and promising breeding clones from U.S. breeding programs for field performance and levels of sugars, asparagine and acrylamide at harvest and following extended storage. Thirteen advanced breeding clones and varieties from our program were also entered into the 2018 National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT) that could be rapidly adopted by the U.S. potato processing industry. Additional studies were conducted in Idaho in 2017 to compare nitrogen use efficiency of 5 advanced selections from the breeding program with that of Russet Burbank. The efficiency of N fertilizer use for these new clones is substantially greater than standard varieties, ranging from 10-25% better than Russet Burbank. Reducing fertilizer applications per unit of yield produced would provide a considerable economic benefit to growers and would also contribute significantly to the sustainability of potato production systems. Additional studies were conducted to determine optimal phosphorus rates, seed management practices, seed piece spacing, and N management guidelines for new and previously released Tri-State varieties. The phosphorus requirements of most of the new varieties were similar to or lower than those for Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Management guidelines for new cultivars were published on the Univ. of Idaho Potato Center and PVMI websites (www.cals.uidaho.edu/potato; www.pvmi.org). Progress has continued in identifying corky ringspot resistant germplasm that also has desirable yield, quality and tuber appearance characteristics with further evaluations of breeding material in infected fields. Payette Russet, a 2015 Tri-State release, has moderate resistance to corky ringspot disease, whereas standard varieties are considered susceptible (Novy et al., 2017). POR06V12-3 (to be released as Castle Russet) is resistant to corky ringspot. In addition, the breeding program is progressing in the evaluation and identification of germplasm with genetic resistances to potato viruses X and Y (PVX, PVY), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), late blight (foliar and tuber), nematodes, Veticillium wilt (VW), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), Corky ringspot (CRS), zebra chip, and potato psyllid (insect vector for Liberibacter responsible for zebra chip). Payette Russet is an example of our efforts in breeding for extreme virus resistance to all PVY strains (conferred by the Rysto gene). Additionally, Payette has resistance to late blight and common scab, and is moderately resistant to VW, early blight, and CR. In 2014, the Idaho program also began incorporating another unique PVY-resistance gene, Rychc, which confers extreme resistance to PVY from the Japanese breeding clone Saikai 35, via hybridizations. Five families representing 1,429 progenies of Saikai 35 were planted in the field in 2016, with 41 clones selected for acceptable agronomics and further evaluated in 12 hill plots in 2017. This breeding effort seeks to expand the Ry genes present in a major breeding program. Ryadg and Rysto-based germplasm and advanced clones already exist in most breeding programs, with Rychc being utilized infrequently. Molecular markers for Rychc (Mori et al., 2012) will be used to screen agronomically acceptable selections from these hybrid populations. These selections will also be screened against multiple PVY strains to ensure robustness of the Rychc associated markers. Research continued in 2017 to evaluate resistance of the advanced Tri-State selections to PMTV in collaboration with Dr. Chuck Brown, USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA. Recent Tri-State variety releases, Pomerelle Russet (Stark et al., 2018), Echo Russet, and Castle Russet were identified as having resistance to PMTV. Cold-sweetening resistance is also an objective of the program and Premier Russet, Clearwater Russet, and most recently, Payette Russet are examples of our success in this area. The enhanced cold-sweetening resistance of Clearwater Russet contributed significantly to its recent approval by McDonald's for processing in the PNW. Breeding efforts at OSU complement and enhance those of the USDA/ARS programs in ID and WA by incorporating disease and pest resistances using multi-trait genotypic recurrent selection. Molecular techniques have been refined, which should hasten the transfer of desirable genes among varieties and introgression of novel genes from related wild species. Marker assisted selection (MAS) is being employed for PVY and CRKN resistances. Whole genome sequence resources are being developed for diploid S. bulbocastanum accession SB22 that carries resistance to CRKN. All Tri-State variety releases maintained by PVMI were fingerprinted using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and Illumina Infinium SolCAP 12K SNP array (Bali et al., 2017). The SSR fingerprinting data is available through the PVMI website. In 2017, the Washington contingent conducted 40 field trials in the Columbia Basin including variety trials, stand establishment, fertility, intra- and inter-row spacing, heat and water stress, seed productivity, and plant growth regulator studies. Economic evaluations of Tri-State and Regional clones were completed and many clones produced higher returns than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah and Ranger Russet. Postharvest storage, processing quality, and culinary evaluations for samples of russet entries produced in the late season trials from all sites across the Tri-State region were completed. Results can be accessed at http://potatoes.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2017-WSU-Potato-Cultivar-Annual-Report-Researchers-Edition.pdf We also screened selected entries from the 2017 regional trial, along with parental and sibling clones from the Aberdeen breeding program, for tolerance to heat stress for retention of low temperature sweetening-resistant phenotype. Three half-siblings of Payette that possess the heat tolerant phenotype for retention of cold-sweetening resistance were identified. This information is facilitating further work on the mechanism of heat tolerance and will inform parental selection decisions for the heat tolerant trait.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Bali, S*., B.R. Robinson*, V. Sathuvalli, J. Bamberg, A. Goyer (2018). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with high folate content in wild potato species. PLOS ONE 13:e0193415
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Bali, S., V. Sathuvalli, C. Brown, R. Novy, L. Ewing, J. Debons, D. Douches, J. Coombs, D. Navarre, J. Whitworth, B. Charlton, S. Yilma, C. Shock, J. Stark, M. Pavek, and R. Knowles. 2017. Genetic fingerprinting of potato varieties from the Northwest Potato Variety Development Program. American Journal of Potato Research 94:54-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Endelman, J.B., C.A. Carley, P.C. Bethke, J.J. Coombs, M.E. Clough, W.L. da Silva, W.S. De Jong, D.S. Douches, C.M. Frederick, K.G. Haynes, D.G. Holm, J.C. Miller, P.R. Mu�oz, F.M. Navarro, R.G. Novy, J.P. Palta, G.A. Porter, K.T. Rak, V.R. Sathuvalli, A.L. Thompson, and G.C. Yencho. 2018. Genetic variance partitioning and genome-wide prediction with allele dosage information in autotetraploid potato. Genetics 209:77-87.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Endelman, J.B., C.A. Schmitz Carley, D.S. Douches J.J. Coombs, B. Bizimungu, W.S. De Jong, K.G. Haynes, D.G. Holm, J.C. Miller Jr., R.G. Novy, J.P. Palta, D.L. Parish, G.A. Porter, V.R. Sathuvalli, A.L. Thompson, and G.C. Yencho. 2017. Pedigree reconstruction with genome-wide markers in potato. American Journal of Potato Research 94:184-190.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Herman DJ, LO Knowles and NR Knowles. 2017. Heat stress affects carbohydrate metabolism during cold-induced sweetening of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 245:563-582.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Kumar, GNM, Knowles LO and NR Knowles. 2017. Zebra chip disease enhances respiration and oxidative stress of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). Planta 246:625-639.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Miller JC, Scheuring DC, Koym JW, Holm DG, Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Stark JC, Charlton BA, Yilma S, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Nunez JJ, Wilson R, Shock CC, Brown CR and CM Long. 2018. Reveille Russet: An early, widely adapted, high-count-carton russet for the fresh market. Am J Pot Res 95: 79-86.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Novy RG, Whitworth JL, Stark JC, Schneider B, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Knowles LO, Charlton BA, Sathuvalli V, Yilma S, Brown CR, Thornton M, Brandt TL, Olsen N. 2017. Payette Russet: a dual-purpose cultivar with cold-sweetening resistance, low acrylamide formation, and resistance to late blight and potato virus Y. Am J Pot Res 94: 38-53.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pavek, M.J., Z.J. Holden, R.R. Spear, and B.J. Weddell. 2018. Improving land use efficiency and grower revenue by reducing potato row width. Am J Potato Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9645-1.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Pavek, MJ and NR Knowles. 2018. WSU potato cultivar yield and postharvest quality evaluations for 2017. Washington State University Special Report. 102 pp.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sankaran S, Quiros JJ, Knowles NR, and Knowles LO. 2017. High resolution aerial imaging based estimation of crop emergence in potatoes. Am J Pot Res 94: 658-663.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Sapinder Bali, Vidyasagar Sathuvalli, Chuck Brown, Rich Novy, Lorie Ewing, Jeanne Debons, David Douches, Joseph Coombs, Duroy Navarre, Jonathan Whitworth, Brian Charlton, Solomon Yilma, Clinton Shock, Jeff Stark, Mark Pavek, NR Knowles. 2017. Genetic Fingerprinting of Potato Varieties from the Northwest Potato Variety Development Program. Am J Pot Res 94:54-63.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Schmitz Carley, C.A., J.J. Coombs, D.S. Douches, P.C. Bethke, J.P. Palta, R.G. Novy, and J.B. Endelman. Automated tetraploid genotype calling by hierarchical clustering. 2017. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 130:717-726.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Si Y, Sankaran S, Knowles NR, and Pavek MJ. 2018. Image-based automated potato tuber shape evaluation. J Food Measurement & Characterization 12: 702-709.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Si Y, Sankaran S, Knowles NR, and Pavek, MJ. 2017. Potato tuber length-width ratio assessment using image analysis. Am J Pot Res 94:88-93
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Spear, R.R., Z.J. Holden, C.F. Ross, B.J. Weddell, and M.J. Pavek. 2018. Sensory evaluation of eleven baked russet-type potato varieties and clones. Am J Potato Res 95:92100, (2017) doi: 10.1007/s12230-017-9607-z.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Spear, R.R., Z.J. Holden, M.J. Pavek. 2017. Fresh market evaluation of six russet-type potato varieties and four Russet Norkotah strains. Am J Potato Res 94:437-448.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wang, Y. L.B. Snodgrass, P.C. Bethke, A.J. Bussan, D.G. Holm, R.G. Novy, M.J. Pavek, G.A. Porter, C.J. Rosen, V. Sathuvalli, A.L. Thompson, M.T. Thornton, and J.B. Endelman. 2017. Reliability of measurement and genotype x environment interaction for potato specific gravity. Crop Science 57:1966-1972.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Yilma S, Brown CR, Charlton BA, Shock C, Hane D, James S, Mosley A, Rykbost K, Feibert E, Knowles NR, Pavek MJ, Stark J, Novy RG, Whitworth J, Pavek J, Corsini DL, Brandt T, Olsen N, Vales I, Sathuvalli V. 2017. Sage Russet: A new high yielding russet potato variety with cold-sweetening resistance, high vitamin C and protein contents and excellent fresh pack and processing potential. Am J Pot Res 94:379-389.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Rashidi, M., R.G. Novy, C.M. Wallis, and A. Rashed. 2017. Characterization of host plant resistance to zebra chip disease from species-derived potato gentoypes and the identification of new sources of zebra chip resistance. PLoS ONE 12(8): e0183283. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183283
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Prager, S.M., C.M. Wallis, M. Jones, R. Novy, and J.T. Trumble. 2018. Examining the potential role of foliar chemistry in imparting potato germplasm tolerance to potato psyllid, green peach aphid, and zebra chip disease. Journal of Economic Entomology. 111:327-336.