Source: MICHIGAN STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE POTATO CULTIVARS WITH ENHANCED QUALITY, DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE, NORTH CENTRAL REGION, 2015
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1003730
Grant No.
2014-34141-22487
Cumulative Award Amt.
$804,150.00
Proposal No.
2014-05898
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2014
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2017
Grant Year
2015
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824
Performing Department
Plant Soil & Microbial Science
Non Technical Summary
Potato production is in the North Central US is vital to the regional economy and plays an important role in the national potato supply. In 2013 the four states of Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin accounted for over 20% of the US acreage, with a farm-gate value of $811 million. All sectors of the potato market are present in this region, dominated by fry and chip processing markets, with a successful fresh market and expanding specialty market niches. Changes in climate, consumer preference, production economics, and environmental regulations require continual innovation in the potato industry, and plant breeding leading to variety commercialization is critical to meeting these evolving demands. This proposal, which is a joint effort of the breeding programs at four North Central land-grant universities (UW, MSU, NDSU, UM), has three main objectives: (1) Develop potato cultivars for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America; (2) Evaluate germplasm for market-limiting traits, focusing on tuber quality and pest resistance; (3) Use previously validated genetic markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development; and investigate the feasibility of using genotyping-by-sequencing for QTL detection and genomic selection. The four project directors and their collaborators have the requisite experience, facilities, and stakeholder relationships to successfully complete these objectives. The expected outcomes from the one-year grant include the commercial release of new varieties, the selection of new breeding lines for further evaluation, new markers for marker-assisted selection, and preliminary data on the feasibility of using genotyping-by-sequencing for variety development.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20113101081100%
Knowledge Area
201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;
Goals / Objectives
1. Variety development to address grower/processor/consumer needs: Develop potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum) varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America.2. Pest resistance to identify and introgress biotic resistances: Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests.3. Marker-assisted selection and genome-wide marker development for improving breeding efficiency: Use previously validated markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development.
Project Methods
Current timeline from crossing to varietal release is over 12 years.The four cooperating breeding programs will establish crossing blocks at university greenhouses using favorable clones as parental lines from within and among breeding programs. Elite clones are intercrossed to synthesize new segregating seedling populations. We also make crosses to less adapted clones (e.g., wild-elite hybrids) developed by USDA collaborators (e.g., from the Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI) to incorporate novel genes fordisease resistance and other key traits. True potato seed will be sown in greenhouses and harvested to generate seedling tubers for the first field generation. Phenotypic evaluation of clones is the current state of art for potato breeding over time and locations. Over 200,000 unique clones will be evaluatedas single-hill plots, over 95% of which will be culled based on visual selection. Around 5000 second-year clones will be planted in larger plots (4, 8, or 12-hill), and the number of third-year clones is typically 1000-2000. Across the four breeding programs, 500 Year 4 clones will be evaluatedin replicated trials within their originating state. To accelerate the evaluation and selection process in the early generation phase we are incorporating marker-assisted-selection procedures for late blight, PVY, PVX, Verticillium, cold sweetening, and Golden Nematode resistance.MSU will screen clones that have pedigrees witha known source of late blight resistance. A US22 or US23 P. infestans isolate will be applied through the irrigation system. The advanced breeding lines are evaluated as three replicates of 5-hill plots, whereas the early generation material is a 5-hill single plot observation. The border of the field is planted to susceptible lines to promote disease development. UMN screens similarly to MSU except P. infestans isolates will be applied by field spraying. UMN has the capacity to screen 1200 clones. NDSU employs a detached leaf assay evaluating more than 5000 genotypes annually at the greenhouse seedling production stage using a cocktail of genotypes representing all 11 virulence genes. Replicated field trials in subsequent generations are used to quantify foliar resistance and to test for tuber resistance.NDSU evaluates genotypes in a replicated field trial with known Verticillium levels, rates selections visually for symptoms, and quantifies colonization using qPCR.The Sand Plains Research Farm in Becker, MN, has been a long-term common scab testing site and also is one of the sites of the National Common Scab Trial. Clones with a source of resistance in their pedigree are evaluated in replicated 4-hill plots. The evaluation criteria include number, severity, and percent area of lesions observed after washing harvested tubers. Advanced lines are also evaluated at Entrican, MI, at university fields dedicated to maintaining high disease pressure. Furthermore, a commercial site in Michigan with extremely high disease pressure is being used to evaluate elite chip-processing crosses for scab resistance. The progeny of the crosses segregating for these marker-linked traits are produced as greenhouse minitubers in the first year. The second year these tubers are planted in the field as single hill selections. This evaluation process selects only lines with marketable tuber types and reduces the number of selections to a manageable number for DNA sampling. In the fall, a tuber is sampled for DNA isolation, followed by PCR-based marker analysis. The marker data, in combination with the field and storage data, are used in deciding which lines from the early generation phase should be advanced to replicated trials. Furthermore, some lines may be designated as parents for the following year's crossing block.

Progress 09/01/16 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The research is conducted to support potato breeding and variety development. We target other peer scientists and the potato growers and processors in the US commercial potato industry. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Each breeding program has graduate students that are conducting research. During their graduate training they are participating in the breeding program activities of hybridization, planting, field variety trials, disease assessment, grading of trials, post-harvest assessment, data analysis, etc. These same experiences occur for the undergraduates in the breeding programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results from this project are reported to the state potato industries in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota through written reports, winter research meetings and summer field days. Thefour state researchers also get together at the NCC215 meeting to discuss and report research results each December in Chicago. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The research cycle is yearly. Breeding material is advanced according to the current 2017 research studies in the field and greenhouse. New potato varieties will be released. The next interation of the grant will continue the reporting.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1.Variety development to address grower/processor/consumer needs:Develop potato (Solanum tuberosumGroup Tuberosum) varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America. Complete. The foundation of the North Central breeding programs is the generation of segregating populations by sexual hybridization and multiple years of phenotypic selection. Across our four states, more than 1000 segregating populations were created in 2016, with family sizes ranging from 10 to 1000 progeny. Due to the autotetraploid genetics of potato, the vast majority of the progeny have undesirable tuber appearance or maturity and can be removed based on visual, single-plant selection in the first field year. After 3 to 4 years of field evaluation within each state, each clone is entered in the appropriate regional or national trial. Chip processing selections participate in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT), which is managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Douches, Thompson, and Endelman manage test sites. In 2016, there were 46 clones entered in the NCPT from the North Central Region breeders. Fry processing selections enter the National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), which is also managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Thompson and Endelman manage test sites. In 2016, there were 11 clones entered in the NFPT from the North Central Region breeders. As there is no national trial for fresh market selections, we manage a North Central Regional Trial (NCRT) for table russets, reds, yellows, and specialty types, with all four breeders hosting test sites. In 2016, there were 26 clones in the NCRT. 2.Pest resistance to identify and introgress biotic resistances:Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests. Complete. The North Central programs place strong emphasis on breeding for disease resistance using both phenotypic and markerbased selection. Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary) is a significant constraint to potato production, and due to conducive climatic conditions and growing practices, the mid-western states of the US are particularly vulnerable. Dakota Trailblazer also has good field resistance and breeding value for the trait. Saginaw Chipper (MSR061-1) is the latest variety to express late blight resistance to strain US-23 of the pathogen. Late blight resistance expressed in these varieties has been shown to be effective in reducing both the rate and frequency of fungicide applications, thereby reducing production costs for growers and mitigating environmental and consumer concerns. In inoculated field trials in Michigan, 150 advanced breeding lines and over 200 early generation lines were screened using the US23 isolate; 32 advanced breeding lines from 18 different parental sources of resistance, 56 early generation lines from 19 different late blight resistant parents and 12 diploid selections from three sources of resistance (mcd, ber, phu) were identified. Although it has not been formally characterized, a second late blight resistance gene on chromosome 5, derived originally from the chip processing clone NY121 (Mayton et al. 2010), is present in several advanced selections from the North Central region that have been used for crossing, such as Saginaw Chipper and MSX540-4. Common scab is a prevalent soil borne disease in the US and the North Central Region however, no major genes for scab resistance have been reported, despite decades of research, only minor QTL explaining < 20% of the variance. As a result, our scab resistance breeding efforts are currently based only on phenotypic selection. Storage diseases, such as silver scurf, pink rot, and Pythium leak, occur widely in NC region production areas, reducing tuber quality and causing economic losses. Pink rot (caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb.) and leak (caused by Pythium ultimum Trow.) are particularly problematic under conditions of high soil moisture. Thompson previouslyreported efforts to develop genetic resistance to pink rot and leak, simultaneously, and identified a clone derived from S. berthaultii and S. etuberosum as a source of resistance to both. Eight advanced selections and parental genotypes were screened in 2016 compared to four check genotypes. Colorado potato beetle is the most important insect pest of potato in the U.S. Estimates of combined pesticide costs and crop loss are in the hundreds of millions of dollars for U.S. potatoes alone. Dakota Diamond (Thompson et al., 2008) possesses good field resistance to CPB attributed to glycoalkaloid-mediated resistance from S. chacoense. Fifty segregating families, in addition to 230 individual genotypes were evaluated for resistance to defoliation in 2016. Field resistance is being used in crosses to introgress resistance 3.Marker-assisted selection and genome-wide marker development for improving breeding efficiency:Use previously validated markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development. Complete. In the last two years, research has shown both Jacqueline Lee and Missaukee from the MSU program contain the R8 gene on chromosome 9, which was inherited from their common parent Tollocan (Massa et al., 2015). MSU has developed a KASP marker linked to R8 that was used for marker-assisted selection of approximately 100 clones in 2016. Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major concern throughout the US, including the North Central region. Molecular markers have been linked with PVY resistance genes that are effective against all PVY strains, providing what is referred to as extreme resistance. The Ryadg gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena and Rysto gene from S. stoloniferum are present in a number of elite parents used for crossing in the North Central region, including W8946-1rus (Rysto), W12003-3rus (Ryadg), Saginaw Chipper (Ryadg), and MSX540-4 (Ryadg). In 2016 more than 500 clones were screened for PVY resistance using molecular markers in the North Central region. These clones are being further evaluated for PVY resistance as well as other market traits.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Kolech, S.A., Halseth, D., Perry, K., Wolfe, D., Douches, D.S., Coombs, J. and De Jong, W., 2016. Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Ethiopian Potato Varieties to Germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center. American Journal of Potato Research, 93(6), pp.609-619.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Bali, S., Sathuvalli, V., Brown, C., Novy, R., Ewing, L., Debons, J., Douches, D., Coombs, J., Navarre, D., Whitworth, J. and Charlton, B., 2016. Genetic Fingerprinting of Potato Varieties from the Northwest Potato Variety Development Program. American Journal of Potato Research, pp.1-10.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Endelman, Jeffrey B., Cari A. Schmitz Carley, David S. Douches, Joseph J. Coombs, Benoit Bizimungu, Walter S. De Jong, Kathleen G. Haynes et al. "Pedigree Reconstruction with Genome-Wide Markers in Potato." American Journal of Potato Research (2017): 1-7.


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/17

Outputs
Target Audience:The research is conducted to support potato breeding and variety development. We target other peer scientists and the potato growers and processors in the US commercial potato industry. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The students, post docs and staff attended the NCCC215 Potato Breeding and Genetics technical committee meeting in Chicago. The national meetings (Potato Association of America) were held in Portland, ME and Grand Rapids, MI where students, post docs and staff presented research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?State research reports are written and shared with the state potato industry. Results are also disseminated at the regional and national meetings to the peer scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Variety development to address grower/processor/consumer needs: Develop potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum) varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America. The North Central Region potato breeding programs have a long tradition of developing highly valued varieties, such as Norland, Superior, Russet Norkotah, Snowden, Goldrush, and Dakota Pearl. We continue to develop and release new varieties that are being adopted by regional and North American producers. New market access is being addressed with new varieties such as specialty table and specialty mini table releases such as Spartan Splash, Colonial Purple, MonDak Gold, and RuneStone Gold. We are protecting farm income through the development of varieties that extend the storage term (McBride, Manistee, Nicolet, Lelah, Tundra) and provide disease resistance (McBride, Missaukee, Dakota Russet, Dakota Trailblazer). Each year the North Central Region (NCR) potato breeding programs created over 1,000unique segregating populations by crosspollination and screened over 150,000clones in the first field generation. Each year over 2,000 second year clones were screened, with over 500 third year clones, and over 300 year 4 or later clonesentered replicated yield trials. There has been an effort to increase the number of populations segregating for PVY resistance, scab resistance and late blight resistance.Each year the NCR breeding programs contributed 70-100entries to the USPB-sponsored National Chip Processing Trial and over 10 entriesentries to the National Fry Processing Trial. In collaboration with the USPB, accelerated commercial testing has been conducted or initiated in 2015 for the following chip varieties: MSV301-2, MSV358-3, MSW485-2 (Huron Chipper), MSW509-5, MSL007-B, MSQ086-3, MSR061-1 (Saginaw Chipper), Manistee, W5955-1 (Hodag), and Pinnacle. And, similarly for these French fry genotypes: Dakota Russet, AW06108-1russ, AW07791-1rus, ND8068-5Russ, W9850-5rus, and W10039-2rus amongst others. 2. Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests. Common Scab MI: 137/230 advanced clones and 285/479 early generation clones equal or better than Pike MN: 336 entries from 8 public sector breeding programs were successfully screened in replicated trials at the Sand Plain Research Farm in Becker, MN. ND: Scab severity rated for all entries in replicated trials and maintenance plots. A scab trial evaluating 95 selections across all market types was conducted. WI: Scab severity is rated in all trials beginning with FY3. Late Blight MI: 54/114 early generation lines and 43/148 advanced clones showed foliar resistance to US 23. Twelve sources of resistance were identified among the clones. ND: 133 early generation and advancing selections were evaluated; 15 selections, including several in the NCR trial rated as resistant. Verticillium Wilt ND: Evaluated 21 advanced clones across market types using qPCR of dried stems; Dakota Trailblazer and Dakota Russet continue to rate as highly resistant and are being used in hybridizing. Storage diseases ND: 21 advanced selections and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to Pythium leak, P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae. Leak resistance was identified in one breeding line and the 2 positive controls. Many clones exhibited resistance/moderate resistance to pink rot and P. nicotianae, including ND4659-5R, ND8304-2, ND8305-1, ND6002-1R ND7132-1R, and Dakota Ruby. Potato Virus Y (PVY) MN: UMN conducted field evaluations of PVY resistance in genetically diverse breeding nursery materials. MI: MSU selected over 200 PVY resistant clones in the early generation stage of selection using marker-based screening. WI: 3 new FY3 varieties with extreme resistance (Ryadg) were identified ND: 130 parental genotypes were evaluated using marker based screening; 34 possessed Ryadg or Rysto markers. 3. Marker-assisted selection and genome-wide marker development for improving breeding efficiency: Use previously validated markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development.The NCR breeding programs are using previously validated molecular markers to improve the efficiency of selection for key diseases and pests, including PVY, PVX, late blight, Verticillium wilt and Golden Nematode resistance. Each yearover 400 clones were screened with PCR-based markers at MSU, UW andNDSU. The NCR breeding programs are also pioneering the use of high-density (currently 12,720) SNP markers for potato variety development. A prosaic but extremely important use of the SNP array is for genetic fingerprinting. In 2015 we genotyped an additional 200 elite North American breeding lines from the NCPT and NFPT, bringing the total to 410. When compared with the recorded pedigrees, the marker data indicate a number of varieties for which the recorded parentage appears to be incorrect. In most cases, the true parents were in the dataset and could be identified.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Rosyara, U. R., De Jong, W. S., Douches, D. S., & Endelman, J. B. (2015) Software for genome-wide association studies in autopolyploids and its application to potato. The Plant Genome DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.08.0073
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Nicole L. Nichol, Kelly A. Zarka, Joseph J. Coombs and David S. Douches. 2014. Field Assessment of AtCBF1 Transgenic Potato Lines (Solanum tuberosum) for Drought Tolerance. Amer. J. Potato Res. American Journal of Potato Research, 1- 7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: S. H. Jansky, A. O. Charkowski, D. S. Douches, G. Gusmini, C. Richael, P. C. Bethke, D. M. Spooner, R. G. Novy, H. De Jong, W. S. De Jong, [...],A. L. Thompson, B. Bizimungu , D. G. Holm, C. R. Brown, K. G. Haynes, V. Sathuvalli, R. E. Veilleux, J. C. Miller, J. M. Bradeen, J. M. Jiang (2015). Reinventing Potato as a Diploid Inbred LineBased Crop. Crop Science DOI:0.2135/cropsci2015.12.0740
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Massa, A. N., Manrique-Carpintero, N. C., Coombs, J. J., Zarka, D. G., Boone, A. E., Kirk, W. W., ... & Douches, D. S. (2015). Genetic linkage mapping of economically important traits in cultivated tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). G3: Genes| Genomes| Genetics, 5(11), 2357-2364.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Halterman, D., Guenthner, J., Collinge, S., Butler, N., & Douches, D. (2016). Biotech Potatoes in the 21st Century: 20 Years Since the First Biotech Potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 1-20.


Progress 09/01/15 to 08/31/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The research is conducted to support potato breeding and variety development. We target other peer scientists and the potato growers and processors in the US commercial potato industry. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The students, post docs and staff attended the NCCC215 Potato Breeding and Genetics technical committee meeting in Chicago. The national meetings were held in Portland, ME where students, post docs and staff presented research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?State research reports are written and shared with the state potato industry. Results are also disseminated at the regional and national meetings to the peer scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Variety development to address grower/processor/consumer needs: Develop potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum) varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America. The North Central Region potato breeding programs have a long tradition of developing highly valued varieties, such as Norland, Superior, Russet Norkotah, Snowden, Goldrush, and Dakota Pearl. We continue to develop and release new varieties that are being adopted by regional and North American producers. New market access is being addressed with new varieties such as specialty table and specialty mini table releases such as Spartan Splash, Colonial Purple, MonDak Gold, and RuneStone Gold. We are protecting farm income through the development of varieties that extend the storage term (McBride, Manistee, Nicolet, Lelah, Tundra) and provide disease resistance (McBride, Missaukee, Dakota Russet, Dakota Trailblazer). In 2015, the North Central Region (NCR) potato breeding programs created 1266 unique segregating populations by cross-pollination and screened 155,481 clones in the first field generation. There has been an effort to increase the number of populations segregating for PVY resistance, scab resistance and late blight resistance. Over 2,375 clones were screened in Year 2, 584 in Year 3, and 523 entered replicated yield trials in Year 4 or later. In 2015, the NCR breeding programs also contributed 77 entries to the USPB-sponsored National Chip Processing Trial and 14 entries to the National Fry Processing Trial. In collaboration with the USPB, accelerated commercial testing has been conducted or initiated in 2015 for the following chip varieties: MSV301-2, MSV358-3, MSW485-2, MSW509-5, MSL007-B, MSQ086-3, MSR061-1, Manistee, W5955-1, and Pinnacle. And, similarly for these French fry genotypes: Dakota Russet, AW06108-1russ, AW07791-1rus, ND8068-5Russ, W9850-5rus, and W10039-2rus amongst others. Table 2 highlights the most recent outputs of the NCR breeding programs for clones with potential as parents and varieties. 2. Pest resistance to identify and introgress biotic resistances: Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests. Common Scab MI: 137/230 advanced clones and 285/479 early generation clones equal or better than Pike MN: 336 entries from 8 public sector breeding programs were successfully screened in replicated trials at the Sand Plain Research Farm in Becker, MN. ND: Scab severity rated for all entries in replicated trials and maintenance plots. A scab trial evaluating 95 selections across all market types was conducted in 2015. WI: Scab severity is rated in all trials beginning with FY3. Late Blight MI: 54/114 early generation lines and 43/148 advanced clones showed foliar resistance to US 23. Twelve sources of resistance were identified among the clones. ND: 133 early generation and advancing selections were evaluated in 2015; 15 selections, including several in the NCR trial rated as resistant. Verticillium Wilt ND: Evaluated 21 advanced clones across market types using qPCR of dried stems; Dakota Trailblazer and Dakota Russet continue to rate as highly resistant and are being used in hybridizing. Storage diseases ND: 21 advanced selections and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to Pythium leak, P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae. Leak resistance was identified in one breeding line and the 2 positive controls. Many clones exhibited resistance/moderate resistance to pink rot and P. nicotianae, including ND4659-5R, ND8304-2, ND8305-1, ND6002-1R ND7132-1R, and Dakota Ruby. Potato Virus Y (PVY) MN: UMN conducted field evaluations of PVY resistance in genetically diverse breeding nursery materials. MI: MSU selected over 200 PVY resistant clones in the early generation stage of selection using marker-based screening. We have 6000 progeny segregating for PVYR to plant in 2016. WI: 3 new FY3 varieties with extreme resistance (Ryadg) were identified ND: 130 parental genotypes were evaluated using marker based screening; 34 possessed Ryadg or Rysto markers. More than 10% of new families created in 2015 had a PVY resistant parent. 3. Marker-assisted selection and genome-wide marker development for improving breeding efficiency: Use previously validated markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development. The NCR breeding programs are using previously validated molecular markers to improve the efficiency of selection for key diseases and pests, including PVY, PVX, late blight, Verticillium wilt and Golden Nematode resistance. In 2015, over 400 clones were screened with PCR-based markers at MSU, 5 at UW and more than more than 130 at NDSU. The NCR breeding programs are also pioneering the use of high-density (currently 12,720) SNP markers for potato variety development. A prosaic but extremely important use of the SNP array is for genetic fingerprinting. In 2015 we genotyped an additional 200 elite North American breeding lines from the NCPT and NFPT, bringing the total to 410. When compared with the recorded pedigrees, the marker data indicate a number of varieties for which the recorded parentage appears to be incorrect. In most cases, the true parents were in the dataset and could be identified. These results were presented at the 2016 US Potato EXPO in Las Vegas.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Rosyara, U. R., De Jong, W. S., Douches, D. S., & Endelman, J. B. (2015) Software for genome-wide association studies in autopolyploids and its application to potato. The Plant Genome DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2015.08.0073
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: S. H. Jansky, A. O. Charkowski, D. S. Douches, G. Gusmini, C. Richael, P. C. Bethke, D. M. Spooner, R. G. Novy, H. De Jong, W. S. De Jong, [...],A. L. Thompson, B. Bizimungu , D. G. Holm, C. R. Brown, K. G. Haynes, V. Sathuvalli, R. E. Veilleux, J. C. Miller, J. M. Bradeen, J. M. Jiang (2015). Reinventing Potato as a Diploid Inbred LineBased Crop. Crop Science DOI:0.2135/cropsci2015.12.0740
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Massa, A. N., Manrique-Carpintero, N. C., Coombs, J. J., Zarka, D. G., Boone, A. E., Kirk, W. W., ... & Douches, D. S. (2015). Genetic linkage mapping of economically important traits in cultivated tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). G3: Genes| Genomes| Genetics, 5(11), 2357-2364.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Halterman, D., Guenthner, J., Collinge, S., Butler, N., & Douches, D. (2016). Biotech Potatoes in the 21st Century: 20 Years Since the First Biotech Potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 1-20.


Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The research is conducted to support potato breeding and variety development. We target other peer scientists and the commercail potato industry. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The students, post docs and staff attended the NCCC215 Potato Breeding and Genetics technical committee meeting in Chicago. The national meetings were held in Portland, ME where students, post docs and staff presented research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?State research reports are written and shared with the state potato industry. Results are also disseminated at the regional and national meetings to the peer scientists. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We continue to develop and release new varieties that are being adopted by growers. New market access is being addressed with new varieties such as specialty table and specialty mini table Spartan Splash, Colonial Purple, MonDak Gold, and RuneStone Gold. We are protecting farm income through the development of varieties that extend long-term storage (McBride, Manistee, Nicolet, Lelah, Tundra) and disease resistance (McBride, Missaukee, Dakota Russet, Dakota Trailblazer). The North Central Region (NCR) potato breeding programs created 1219 unique segregating populations by cross-pollination and screened 168,900 clones in the first field generation. There has been an effort to increase the number of populations segregating for PVY resistance, scab resistance and late blight resistance. Over 3850 clones were screened in Year 2, 1129 in Year 3, and 650 entered replicated yield trials in Year 4. The NCR breeding programs also contributed over 100 entries to the USPB-funded NCPT, and WI, MN and ND contributed 25 entries to the 2014 NFPT trials for evaluation. In collaboration with the USPB, accelerated commercial testing of chip-processing lines has been conducted in 2014 (W5955-1, MSL007-B, MSQ086-3, MSR061-1 and the new varieties Manistee, Lelah, Pinnacle and Nicolet). Disease Screening Highlights Common Scab MI: 94/139 advanced clones and 185/356 early generation clones equal or better than Pike WI: Scab severity rated in replicated trials for chipstock, russets, reds, and yellows (389 entries) MN: 12/314 had no scab, 31 had superficial isolated, and 47 had superficial coalesced. Areas of the scab nursery seem to be going scab suppressive. They will be abandoning in 2014. ND: Scab severity rated in all replicated trials (entries). A scab trial evaluating 80 russet selections was initiated in 2014 and will be expanding in 2015. Late Blight MI: 98/241 early generation lines and 24/105 advanced clones showed foliar resistance to US 22. Twelve sources of resistance were identified among the clones. MN: Trial lost due to poor inoculum Verticillium Wilt ND: Evaluated 21 advanced clones across market types using qPCR of dried stems; best clones included Dakota Trailblazer and Dakota Russet. Storage diseases ND: 21 advanced selections and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to Pythium leak, P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae. Leak resistance was identified in one breeding line and the 2 positive controls. Many clones exhibited resistance to pink rot and P. nicotianae, including ND7799c-1, ND8305-1, ND6002-1R and ND7132-1R. WI: Fresh market clones (40 russet, 20 yellow/white, 48 red/specialty) were rated for tuber incidence of silver scurf and black scurf. Potato Virus Y (PVY) MN: UMN tested 171 diverse germplasm clones (whose pedigree included wild species) for PVY using ELISA. MI: MSU selected 330 PVY resistant clones using marker-based screening. WI: UW completed virus-eradication for 3 new lines in 2014; 4 others were initiated into tissue culture but are not yet virus-free. ND: 145 parental genotypes were evaluated using marker based screening. The NCR breeding programs are using previously validated molecular markers to improve the efficiency of selection for key diseases and pests, including PVY, PVX, late blight, Verticillium wilt and Golden Nematode resistance. In 2014, over 700 clones were screened with PCR-based markers at MSU, 21 at UW and more than more than 150 at NDSU. The North Central programs are also in the process of using genome-wide SNPs to map quantitative traits that can be used for marker-assisted selection in both tetraploid and diploid populations. Six bi-parental populations have now been genotyped and phenotyped. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses are in progress to identify SNP markers for scab resistance, late blight resistance, processing quality, tuber asparagine, specific gravity, vine maturity and tuber dormancy. North Central programs are also leading the development and application of genome-wide association methods for the National Chip and Fry Processing Trials. In 2014 we SNP genotyped nearly 200 elite clones from these trials, with plans to SNP genotype another 150 by the end of 2015.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Nicole L. Nichol, Kelly A. Zarka, Joseph J. Coombs and David S. Douches. 2014. Field Assessment of AtCBF1 Transgenic Potato Lines (Solanum tuberosum) for Drought Tolerance. Amer. J. Potato Res. American Journal of Potato Research, 1-7.