Source: UNIV OF WISCONSIN submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE POTATO CULTIVARS WITH ENHANCED QUALITY, DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE -- NORTH CENTRAL REGION, 2013
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1001414
Grant No.
2013-34141-21522
Cumulative Award Amt.
$324,140.00
Proposal No.
2013-05247
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2013
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2015
Grant Year
2013
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF WISCONSIN
21 N PARK ST STE 6401
MADISON,WI 53715-1218
Performing Department
HORTICULTURE
Non Technical Summary
Potato production in the North Central US is vital to the regional economy and plays an important role in the national potato supply. In 2012 the four states of Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin accounted for 21% of the US acreage, with a farm-gate value of $780 million. All sectors of the potato market are present in this region, including fry and chip processing, fresh market, and specialty types. Changes in climate, consumer preference, production economics, and environmental regulations require continual innovation in the potato industry, and plant breeding is critical to meeting these evolving demands. This proposal, which is a joint effort of the breeding programs at the University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, North Dakota State University, and the University of Minnesota, has three main objectives: (1) Develop potato varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America; (2) Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests; (3) Use previously validated genetic markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development. The four project directors and their collaborators have the requisite experience, facilities, and stakeholder relationships to successfully complete these objectives. The expected outcomes from the one-year grant include the commercial release of new varieties, the selection of new breeding lines with superior quality and pest resistance, and new markers for marker-assisted selection.
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
20%
Developmental
70%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
20113101081100%
Knowledge Area
201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;
Goals / Objectives
(1) Develop potato varieties for release and adoption in the North Central region and North America; (2) Evaluate germplasm for resistance to key diseases and insect pests; (3) Use previously validated genetic markers to screen early generations and conduct QTL mapping studies to identify new markers for variety development.
Project Methods
The four cooperating breeding programs will establish crossing blocks at university greenhouses using favorable clones as parental lines from within and among breeding programs. Superior clones are intercrossed to synthesize new segregating seedling populations. True potato seed will be sown in greenhouses and harvested to generate seedling tubers for the first field generation. Over 200,000 unique clones will be evaluated as single-hill plots, over 95% of which will be culled based on visual selection. Around 5000 second-year clones will be planted in larger plots (4, 8, or 12-hill), and the number of third-year clones is typically 1000-2000. Across the four breeding programs, 500 Year 4 clones will be evaluated in replicated trials within their originating state. Approximately 24 advanced selections from the four breeding programs will also be evaluated in our annual North Central Regional Potato Variety Trial (NCRPVT). Clones are evaluated from 1-3 years, depending on their performance, and scored for numerous agronomic traits (emergence, plant vigor, maturity, yield, grade) and quality attributes (sucrose, glucose). Post harvest samples will be evaluated at the USDA Potato Research Worksite, East Grand Forks, MN, for quality parameters from 4oC, 7oC, and 10oC storage following 0 - 3, 3 - 6 and >6 months storage. Disease and insect pest resistance trials will be conducted to screen advanced germplasm for traits that can improve the sustainability of potato production. Statistical analyses will be done using either SAS PROC MIXED or mixed model functions in R. Previously verified molecular markers will be used to screen breeding lines after one or two field generations to enrich populations for resistance to key pests such as late blight and potato virus Y (PVY). After sampling tubers or leaves for DNA extraction, the PCR-based laboratory protocol specific to each marker will be used. These marker scores will be used in conjunction with field and storage data to make selections. Previously, three biparental populations (Tundra x Kalkasa, Atlantic x Superior, and Premier x Rio Grande Russet) had been genotyped with the 8303 Potato Infinium Array and phenotyped for numerous quality and disease traits. The analysis of these data will be completed using the software TetraploidMap, and manuscripts will be drafted to disseminate results about which regions of the potato genome were associated with key traits.

Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/15

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audience has been the potato growers, packersand processors in the home states of the participating breeding programs--WI, ND, MN and MI--but the research has also reached potato industry stakeholders in other states. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at the following meetings: National Fry Processing Trial Meeting in East Grand Forks, MN, Oct. 8-9, 2013 National Fry Processing Trial Meeting in East Grand Forks, MN, Oct. 14-15, 2014 Potato Breeding and Genetics North Central Coordinating Committee 2013 Meeting, Dec. 9-10 in Chicago, IL Potato Breeding and Genetics North Central Coordinating Committee 2014Meeting, Dec. 8-9in Chicago, IL USPB Chip Committee Meeting, Dec. 10-11, 2013, in Chicago, IL USPB Chip Committee Meeting, Dec. 9-10, 2014, in Chicago, IL US Potato EXPO, Jan. 8-10, 2014 in San Antonio, TX US Potato EXPO, Jan. 7-9, 2015in Orlando, FL State-level grower education conferences (e.g., WPVGA Feb. 4-6, 2014, and Feb. 3-5, 2015, in Stevens Point, WI) State-level field days (e.g., July 18, 2014, at the UW Rhinelander Research Station and July 22, 2014, at the UW Hancock Research Station) Potato Association of America Meeting, July 28-31, 2014, in Spokane, WA What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1: Variety development- In 2013, the North Central Region (NCR) potato breeding programs created 1286 unique segregating populations by cross-pollination and screened 232,000 clones in the first field generation. There has been an effort to increase the number of populations segregating for PVY resistance, scab resistance and late blight resistance. Over 5200 clones were screened in Year 2, 1300 in Year 3, and 650 entered replicated trials in year 4. The NCR breeding programs also contributed over 100 entries to the 2013National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT) and 29 entries to the 2013 National Fry Processing trial (NFPT). In 2014, the NCR programs created 1219 unique segregating populations, screened 168,900 clones in Year 1, 3850 in Year 2, and 1129 in Year 3. In collaboration with the US Potato Board, accelerated commercial testing of several advanced chip processing lines was conducted in 2014: W5955-1, MSL007-B, MSQ086-3, and MSR061-1. Goal 2: Disease screening- The following table highlights the activities in 2014: Common Scab MI: 94/139 advanced clones and 185/356 early generation clones equal or better than Pike WI: Scab severity rated in replicated trials for chipstock, russets, reds, and yellows (389 entries) MN: 12/314 had no scab, 31 had superficial isolated, and 47 had superficial coalesced. Areas of the scab nursery seem to be going scab suppressive. They will be abandoning in 2014. ND: Scab severity rated in all replicated trials (entries). A scab trial evaluating 80 russet selections was initiated in 2014 and will be expanding in 2015. Late Blight MI: 98/241 early generation lines and 24/105 advanced clones showed foliar resistance to US 22. Twelve sources of resistance were identified among the clones. MN: Trial lost due to poor inoculum Verticillium Wilt ND: Evaluated 21 advanced clones across market types using qPCR of dried stems; best clones included Dakota Trailblazer and Dakota Russet. Storage diseases ND: 21 advanced selections and breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to Pythium leak, P. erythroseptica and P. nicotianae. Leak resistance was identified in one breeding line and the 2 positive controls. Many clones exhibited resistance to pink rot and P. nicotianae, including ND7799c-1, ND8305-1, ND6002-1R and ND7132-1R. WI: Fresh market clones (40 russet, 20 yellow/white, 48 red/specialty) were rated for tuber incidence of silver scurf and black scurf. Potato Virus Y (PVY) MN: UMN tested 171 diverse germplasm clones (whose pedigree included wild species) for PVY using ELISA. MI: MSU selected 330 PVY resistant clones using marker-based screening. WI: UW completed virus-eradication for 3 new lines in 2014; 4 others were initiated into tissue culture but are not yet virus-free. ND: 145 parental genotypes were evaluated using marker based screening. Goal 3: Genetic markers- The NCR programs are using previously validated markers to improve the efficiency of selection for pest resistance for PVY, PVX, late blight, and Golden nematode. In 2013, approximately 350 clones were screened with PCR-based markers at MSU, 725 at NDSU, and 175 at UMN. In 2014, MSU screened 700 clones, NDSU screened 150, and UW screened 21.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Endelman JB. "New Strategies and Varieties in the UW Potato Breeding Program." 2015 WPVGA Grower Education Conference, Feb. 2-4, Stevens Point, WI.


Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The primary audience during this reporting period has been the potato growers and processors in the home states of the participating breeding programs: WI, ND, MN, and MI. Changes/Problems: The PI at the University of Minnesota (Christian Thill) passed away in August 2014. Emily Hoover (hoover@umn.edu) has taken over as PI at MN. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been disseminated at the following meetings: National Fry Processing Trial Field Day in East Grand Forks, MN, Oct. 8-9, 2013 Potato Beeding and Genetics North Central Coordinating Committee 2013 Meeting, held Dec. 9-10, 2013, in Chicago, IL USPB Chip Committee Meeting, Dec. 10-11, 2013, in Chicago, IL U.S. Potato EXPO, Jan. 8 - 10, 2014, in San Antonio, TX State-level grower education conferences (e.g., Feb. 4-6, 2014 at Stevens Point, WI) State-level field days (e.g., July 18, 2014 at Rhinelander, WI, and July 22, 2014 at Hancock, WI) Potato Association of America Meeting, July 28-31, 2014, in Spokane, WA What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? (1) Complete storage evaluation for the 2014 field trials, design the 2015 field trials, and enter advanced breeding lines into virus-free seed production. (2) This goal has has been completed. (3) Conduct marker-assisted selection for PVY in WI and additional QTL mapping with genome-wide markers in MI.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Variety development During this period, the North Central Region (NCR) potato breeding programs created 1286 unique segregating populations by cross-pollination and screened 232,000 clones in the first field generation. There has been an effort to increase the number of populations segregating for PVY resistance, scab resistance and late blight resistance. Over 5200 clones were screened in Year 2, 1300 in Year 3, and 650 entered replicated yield trials in Year 4. The NCR breeding programs also contributed over 100 entriesto the USPB-funded NCPT, and WI, MN, ND contributed 29 entries to the 2013 NFPT trials for evaluation. (2) Table 2 summarizes the results of the disease screening: Common Scab MI: 36/141 advanced clones and 131/336 early generation clones equal or better than Pike WI: Very low disease incidence in scab nursery in 2013, even for susceptible checks MN: 12/314 had no scab, 31 had superficial isolated, and 47 had superficial coalesced. Areas of the scab nursery seem to be going scab suppressive. The suppressive nature is being investigated. Late Blight MI: 23/110 early generation lines and 37/183 advanced clones showed foliar resistance to US 22. Twelve sources of resistance were identified among the clones. MN: Trial lost due to poor inoculum ND: Trial lost due to seed piece decay and excessive moisture. Verticillium Wilt ND: Evaluated 21 advanced clones across market types using qPCR of dried stems; best clones in trial included Dakota Trailblazer and Dakota Russet. Storage diseases ND: Of the 21 advanced clones evaluated: only R. Norkotah and Snowden (controls) were rated resistant to Pythium leak; 90% were resistant to P. nicotianae and pink rot including ND7799c-1, ND8305-1 and WND8624-2Russ. WI: 144 fresh market lines were rated for silver scurf incidence after 2 and 5 months of storage. Potato Virus Y (PVY) MN: Of the 675 lines evaluated 10 had poor visual symptoms of PVY, the remaining had clear PVY symptoms. UMN added 56 lines in-vitro and removed virus from 12in 2013. MI: MSU removed virus from 20 lines in 2013. WI: UW removed virus from 8 lines in 2013. (3) The NCR breeding programs are using previously validated molecular markers to improve the efficiency of selection for key diseases and pests, including PVY, PVX, late blight, Verticillium wilt and Golden Nematode resistance. During this reporting period, approximately 350 clones were screened with PCR-based markers at MSU, more than 725 at NDSU, and 175 at UMN. The North Central programs are also in the process of using genome-wide SNPs to map quantitative traits that can be used for marker-assisted selection in both tetraploid and diploid populations.

Publications