Source: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
POTATO BREEDING AND CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0231331
Grant No.
2012-34141-20309
Cumulative Award Amt.
$312,055.00
Proposal No.
2012-02714
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2012
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2014
Grant Year
2013
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
FORT COLLINS,CO 80523
Performing Department
Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
Non Technical Summary
The Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project was initiated by Colorado State University, Texas A&M University, and the University of California at Davis to meet the unique needs of the Southwest potato industry. Crosses and original selections are made in Colorado and Texas followed by formal regional evaluation trials in all three states. Breeding stocks and advanced selections are openly shared with more than a dozen other states. Promising selections from the Project are further evaluated in the Western Regional Trials which include seven Western states. Specific goals and objectives are developed and constantly reevaluated based on extensive stakeholder input. Since the inception of the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project in 1997, 23 new cultivars and clonal selections have been released or co-released with other institutions which make up substantial and increasing portions of the regional potato acreage and have become important contributors to the economies of the states. Of newly released cultivars since 1997, and ranking in the top 25 cultivars that were accepted for seed certification in the US in 2011, cultivars developed by the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project ranked first among the four regional projects.
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
70%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2021310108110%
2031310101010%
2031310102010%
2031310108120%
2051310101010%
2051310102010%
2121310108115%
5021310108115%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 205 - Plant Management Systems; 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 502 - New and Improved Food Products;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding; 1010 - Nutrition and metabolism; 1020 - Physiology;
Goals / Objectives
The overall aim of this project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest. This will be achieved by addressing the following objectives. Objective 1. Develop russet, red, white, chip, and specialty cultivars, as well as line selections where appropriate, for both the fresh and processing markets of the Southwest. These cultivars will complement those developed by breeding programs in other areas of the U.S. Objective 2. Evaluate germplasm and/or advanced selections including entries in the Southwestern, Western Regional, and the National Chip and Fry Processing Trials under diverse environmental, production, and postharvest conditions for traits important to the potato industry including yield, quality, marketability, consumer acceptance, culinary quality, and enhanced human health benefits. Objective 3. Determine cultural practices for successful sustainable and economic production of advanced clonal selections and newly released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental impact. Objective 4. Screen a wide range of germplasm and/or advanced selections for resistance to pests and other characteristics of economic importance to potato production in the Southwest and incorporate this material into the breeding programs. Objective 5. Provide a quality, uniform seed source of advanced selections to growers and other research cooperators to facilitate assessment of commercial adaptability, marketability, and other important characteristics.
Project Methods
1. Parents with desired characteristics will be hybridized at Colorado State University and Texas A&M University. Unselected seedling and early generation tubers will be received from and sent to several other breeding programs within the US and Canada. Approximately 200,000 seedlings will be grown for initial selection in Colorado and Texas. 2. Early and advanced generations of selected clones will be evaluated at a number of locations in Colorado, Texas, and California, and ultimately in the uniform Southwestern Regional Trial (SWRT) in at least four locations within the region. These multiple sites represent diverse soil types, climates, and pest ecologies. Clones are entered for evaluation in the SWRT for one to three years. Top entries are then graduated to the Western Regional Trials (WRT) for up to three years and superior clones are released as new varieties. 3. Specific trials will be conducted to determine appropriate fertility requirements, suitable plant population, herbicide tolerance, seed size, irrigation requirements, seed preparation (precutting or use of single drop seed), and vine kill management. Other management practices requiring attention will be identified during researcher and stakeholder evaluation. Procedures involved will include comparing different rates of plant nutrients, precutting vs. whole seed, irrigation application rate, effect of seed size, vine killing date and time lag between vine kill and harvest, different within-row plant spacings, and tolerance to pre- and post-emergence application of herbicides to determine the scenario which maximizes yield, quality and is economically and environmentally sound, for a given selection or cultivar. Storability, including effects of storage temperature and humidity, and length of storage time on advanced selections/new cultivars will be assessed. These clone specific requirements will be determined cooperatively and in respective states. 4. Pests and diseases that will be emphasized in screening and identification of superior parental materials. Abiotic stresses that result in heat necrosis, growth cracks, sugar build-up, brown center, hollow heart, and heat sprouting will be assessed for occurrence. Possible environmental and cultural factors within a given season as well as resistance/susceptibility will be noted. 5. Advanced selections will be introduced into tissue culture to develop disease-tested micropropagated seed stocks.

Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience: The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research andextension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A number of meetings with grower groups, research advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader participation in regional/national meetings forums associated with the National Chip Processing Trials, National Fry Processing Trials, Southwest Regional Trials, Western Regional Potato Trials, and the Potato Association of America provide primary forums for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally field days/open houses provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts.It also provides the project leaders with an opportunity to interact with growers and discuss their experiences with advanced selections undergoing commercial evaluation. Finally, most of the work conducted by the Texas and the Kern County, CA programs are in grower fields which allows for continuous stakeholder input and feedback. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1 - Virtually all of the russet potatoes grown in Texas in 2014 were to the improved Texas Russet Norkotah strains. Over the past several years, Texas recorded the highest summer crop yields in the nation (ranging from 440-465 Cwt/A) among the 11 states producing a summer crop. Impact Statement 2 - In 2013, the three Texas Russet Norkotah selections (TXNS112, TXNS278, and TXNS296) collectively ranked in the fifth position among the top 50 US varieties in acres accepted for seed certification, behind Russet Burbank, Frito-Lay varieties, Norland and Ranger Russet. Impact Statement 3 - Colorado cultivars and clonal selections accounted for 34% of the 10,964 acres of Colorado certified seed accepted for certification in 2014. Advanced Colorado selections accounted for another 1% of the seed acreage. Impact Statement 4 - Colorado State University releases accounted for 51% of the 54,200 acres planted to fall potatoes in Colorado in 2014. Primary Colorado cultivars planted were Russet Norkotah-S3 (24%), Canela Russet (10%), Russet Norkotah-S8 (7%), Rio Grande Russet (6%), and Centennial Russet (4%). Impact Statement 5 - Six of the top 20 russet cultivars grown for seed in the U.S. [Russet Norkotah-S3 (#7), Canela Russet (#11), Silverton Russet (#13), Centennial Russet (#14), Russet Norkotah-S8 (#15), Rio Grande Russet (#20)] in 2014 were developed by the Colorado program. For reds, Colorado Rose ranked #8. For chippers, Chipeta ranked #7. For colored-fleshed specialties, Purple Majesty and Mountain Rose ranked #1 and #2 among red- and purple-fleshed cultivars respectively. Southwestern potato breeding programs in Colorado and Texas planted some 331,834 single hills representing 2,097 parental combinations were grown in 2013-2014 for initial field selection, with 2,195 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase. Second through fourth size seedling tubers were shared with other programs outside the Southwest. The Southwestern Regional Trials are grown in California (2 locations), Colorado, and Texas (2 locations) each year. The 2013 and 2014 Southwestern Regional Trials included russet, red, chip, and specialty selections. These trials consisted of the following: russet trial (seven selections; one check), red trial (four selections; two checks), chip trial (two selections; two checks), and the specialty trial which includes yellows (14 selections; three checks). Results of this trial were discussed in detail at the Southwestern Regional Group meetings each year. Discussion was centered on each selection and whether it should be discarded, retained, or moved forward to the Western Regional Trials. Complete results of these trials can be found on the Texas potato website (potato.tamu.edu). Currently the states in the Southwestern Regional Cultivar Development Program have several advanced selections available for grower evaluation. Many of these selections are undergoing final stages of grower evaluation prior to naming and/or exclusive release. New cultivars recently released include Mesa Russet (CO94035-15RU), Crestone Russet (CO99053-3RU), Masquerade (AC99329-7PW/Y), Mercury Russet (CO99100-1RU) from Colorado and Sierra Rose (ATTX9610141R/Y) from Texas. Upcoming releases included Reville (ATX91137-1Ru) from Texas and Midnight Moon (AC99330-1P/Y), Red Luna (CO97233-3R/Y), Fortress Russet (AC99375-1RU), Crimson King (CO97222-1R/R) and Crimson Queen (CO97226-2R/R) from Colorado. In addition, Southwestern cooperators participated in joint releases of cultivars cooperatively with states in other regions. Cultural management studies aim to establish cultivar-specific management guidelines for the successful, sustainable, and economic production of advanced breeding selections and recently released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental degradation. In 2013-2014, horticultural evaluations were conducted on 42 advanced selections and cultivars in several trials in multiple locations in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Tests included 19 russets, 3 reds, and 19 yellows/specialties and 1 chipper. Studies conducted included the response of potato cultivars to different nitrogen (N) application rates. Nitrogen rate treatments ranged from 0 (control) to 240 lbs/A. Thirty advanced selections were evaluated under 11 potato grower management conditions in order to determine the yield stability as well as the optimum management conditions for each selection to attain its genetic potential over the two year period. The Kern County, CA Potato Variety Selection and Development Program is composed of several different trials. The Southwestern Regional trial consists of selections developed by breeders from Colorado State and Texas A & M Universities and tested in those states along with California (Kern County and Tulelake). The Kern County Replicated trial is made up of primarily of material developed by various university, USDA and private breeding companies from North America. An emphasis was made on identifying suitable russet selections in 2013. Growers were concerned about the lack of Russet Norkotah seed availability and the need for new varieties. The Kern County Observational trial is made up of material received from US and Canadian breeders to see how they perform in Kern County. This trial is not replicated. If a variety does well in the Observational Trial it will likely move up to the Kern County Replicated trial the following year. In 2014 selections that stood out in the Southwest Regional Trials included AC05039-2RU, CO06057-3RU, COTX09022-3RU/Y, and CO03276-5RU. Cultural management guidelines are available for these selections. In 2013-2014 work in Tulelake, CA included evaluation of several advance selections in replicated russet, specialty, and chipping trials. Evaluations included plant growth, tuber yield, tuber size and grade, internal and external qualities, and pest resistance. Verticillium wilt susceptibility screening was conducted on all Southwest selections in Tulelake. Additional studies included two cultural management studies in 2014 that included entries from the Western Regional program. One management study evaluated black spot and white knot bruising on russet entries in storage. The other management study evaluated the appearance and quality of red and yellow skin specialty varieties after storage and commercial polishing. Reports and progress reports are available at irec.ucanr.edu. Several advanced selections are evaluated each year in Colorado for disease symptom expression. Primary diseases considered are bacterial ring rot, potato leafroll virus, PVY, and powdery scab. All selections with weak or non-existent symptom expression are discarded. Several advanced selections from Colorado and Texas are also distributed annually to state/USDA-ARS collaborators in Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin for additional disease evaluations. These selections were screened for one or more of the following diseases: corky ringspot, late blight, early blight, scab (common and powdery), PVY, and Verticillim wilt. In addition, selections were provided to the National Trials for late blight, scab (powdery and common), and PVY screening. In recent years Zebra Chip (ZC) has become a major production problem for all classes of potatoes costing the industry many millions of dollars. Screening and associated studies on ZC (Liberibacter solanacearum) and psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) continued in Texas in 2014. More than 600 cultivars and selections have been evaluated. Some 20 selections have been identified as exhibiting some level of tolerance/resistance.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Scheuring, D. C., Koym, J. W., Levy, J. G., Henne, D. C., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2013. Time-course investigations of ZC expression in the potato cultivars Waneta and Atlantic. 2013 Texas Plant Protection Association 25rd Annual Conference. Brazos Center, Bryan, Texas, December 10-11, 2013. (Abstract).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Texas Potato Breeding and Variety Development Program, 2014 Field Day, July 17, 2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Perla, Venu, Jayanty, Sastry S., Holm, David G. and Davidson, Robert D. 2014. The role of lipoxygenase and patatin-lipase in powdery scab disease tolerance in potato tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:62. (Abstract).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Perla, Venu, Jayanty, Sastry S., Holm, David G. and Davidson, Robert D. 2014. Relationship between tuber storage proteins and tuber powdery scab resistance in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:233-245.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Amer, Fauzi S., Reddivari, L., Madiwale, Gaurav P., Stone, Martha, Holm, David G. and Vanamala, Jairam. 2014. Effect of genotype and storage on glycoalkaloid and acrylamide content and sensory attributes of potato chips. Am. J. Potato Res. 91:632-641.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2014. 2013 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 110pp.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: http://potatoes.colostate.edu/
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Crestone Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Fortress Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., Jayanty, S. S., and Houser, A. J. 2014. Mercury Russet. Cultivar Information Sheet. 2pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2013. 2013 Potato Disease Control Trial Summary. IREC Research Progress Report #158. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2013. 2013 Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. IREC Research Progress Report #159. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2013. Influence of Fungicides and Biological Products on Potato Diseases and Yukon Gold Yield and Quality. IREC Research Progress Report #160. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wilson, R. et al. 2013. Classic Russet Potato Yield and Quality in Response to Vine Kill Timing and Soil Moisture Prior to Harvest. IREC Research Progress Report # 161. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Nzaramba, M. N, Scheuring, D. C., Koym, J. W., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2013. Relationships among antioxidant activity, phenolics and specific gravity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown in different environments. Amer. J. Potato Res. 90:541550.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Diaz-Montano, J., Vindiola, B. G., Drew, N., Novy, R. G., Miller, J. C., Jr., and Trumble, J. T. 2014. Resistance of selected potato genotypes to the potato psyllid (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Amer. J. Potato Res. 91:363-367.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Brown, C. R., Haynes, K. G., Moore, M., Pavek, M. J., Hane, D. C., Love, S. L., Novy, R. G., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2014. Stability and broad-sense heritability of mineral content in potato: Copper and Sulfur. Amer. J. Potato Res. 91:618-624.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., and Miller, J. P. Miller. 2013. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2012. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 22pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Miller, C., Koyn, J., and Scheuring, D. 2013. 2013 Field Day Handbook. July 24, 2013. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 30pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2014 Citation: Miller, C., Scheuring, D., and Koym, J. 2014. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2013. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 285p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Scheuring, D.C., Levy, J. G., Koym, J. W., Henne, D. C., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2013. ZC expression in several caged potato populations following infestation with the potato psyllid. pp. 34-38 In: F. Workneh and C.M. Rush (eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, San Antonio Crowne Plaza, San Antonio, TX, Nov. 3  6, 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Novy, R. G., Prager, S. M., Miller, J. C., Jr., Vindeola, B., and Trumble, J. T. 2013. Characterization of potato breeding clones to determine mechanisms conferring observed resistance/tolerance to zebra chip disease. pp. 39-43. In: F. Workneh and C.M. Rush (eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, San Antonio Crowne Plaza, San Antonio, TX, Nov. 3  6, 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Scheuring, D. C., Koym, J. W., Levy, J. G., Henne, D. C., and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2013. Time-course investigations of ZC expression in the Waneta and Atlantic potato cultivars. pp. 150-153. In: F. Workneh and C.M. Rush (eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Annual Zebra Chip Reporting Session, San Antonio Crowne Plaza, San Antonio, TX, Nov. 3  6, 2013.


Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences. Included are potato growers, shippers, processors, research, extension personnel, the food distribution system, and the consumer. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A number of meetings with grower groups, research/extension advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader(s) participation in national forums such as the Potato Expo (National Potato Council) provides a major forum for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally field days/open houses are held in all three states. A primary purpose of these events is to provide growers with a forum for feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. It also provides the project leaders with an opportunity to interact with growers and discuss their experiences with advanced selections undergoing commercial evaluation. Finally, most of the work conducted by the Texas and the Kern County CA programs are in grower fields which allows for continuous stakeholder input and feedback. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Impact Statement 1: Since the inception of the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project in 1997, 28 new cultivars and clonal selections have been released or co-released with other institutions which make up substantial and increasing portions of the regional potato acreage and have become important contributors to the economies of the states. Of newly released cultivars since 1997, ranking in the top 25 cultivars that were accepted for seed certification in the US in 2012, cultivars developed by the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project ranked first in acreage among the four regional projects. Impact Statement 2: The highly successful Russet Norkotah line selections, developed by the Texas and Colorado programs, comprised about 69% of the Russet Norkotah acreage accepted for seed potato certification in the US in 2013. The Russet Norkotah selections not only yield more but also require fewer fertilizer inputs than the standard Russet Norkotah. In 2013, these selections collectively represented the third most popular cultivar grown in the US behind only Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Southwestern potato breeding programs in Colorado and Texas planted some 151,331 single hills representing 1,056 parental combinations were grown in 2012 for initial field selection, with 1,253 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase. Second through fourth size seedling tubers will again be shared with other programs outside the Southwest. The Southwestern Regional Trials were grown in California (2 locations), Colorado, and Texas (2 locations). The 2012 Southwestern Regional Trials included russet, red, chip, and specialty selections. Each trial consisted of the following: russet trial (four selections; one check), red trial (four selections; two checks), chip trial (two selections; two checks), and the specialty trial (ten selections; three checks). Results of this trial were discussed in detail at the Southwestern Regional Group meeting January 27, 2013, Kennewick, Washington. Discussion was centered on each selection and whether it should be discarded, retained, or moved forward to the Western Regional Trials. Complete results of this trial can be found on the Texas potato website (potato.tamu.edu). Currently the states in the Southwestern Regional Cultivar Development Program have several advanced selections available for grower evaluation. These include five from Texas and 40 from Colorado. Many of these selections are undergoing final stages of grower evaluation prior to naming and/or exclusive release. New cultivars recently released include Mesa Russet (CO94035-15RU) from Colorado and Sierra Rose (ATTX9610141R/Y) from Texas. Potential releases in 2013 include Crestone Russet (CO99053-3RU), Masquerade (AC99329-7PW/Y), Mercury Russet (CO99100-1RU), and ATX91137-1Ru. In addition, Southwestern cooperators participated in joint releases of cultivars cooperatively with states in other regions. Cultural management studies aim to establish cultivar-specific management guidelines for the successful, sustainable, and economic production of advanced breeding selections and recently released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential, while minimizing economic inputs and environmental degradation. In 2012, horticultural evaluations were conducted on 25 advanced selections and cultivars in 16 trials at nine locations in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Tests included 13 russets, 2 reds, and 10 yellows. Studies conducted in 2012 included the response of potato cultivars to different nitrogen (N) application rates. Nitrogen rate treatments ranged from 0 (control) to 240 lbs/A. Seventeen advanced selections were evaluated under six potato grower management conditions in order to determine the yield stability as well as the optimum management conditions for each selection to attain its genetic potential. Data from these studies showed that an early maturing advanced russet selection, Mercury Russet, can be harvested with optimum marketable tuber yield of 429 cwt/A, with application of 140 lbs/A of nitrogen fertilizer. The optimum in-row seed spacing for maximum tuber yield of this cultivar is between 12-13 inches with a between-row spacing of 34 inches. Work in Tulelake, CA included evaluation of 78 advance selections in three replicated trials. Evaluations included plant growth, tuber yield, tuber size and grade, internal and external qualities, and pest resistance. Verticillium wilt susceptibility screening was conducted on all Southwest selections in Tulelake. Several advanced selections are evaluated each year in Colorado for disease symptom expression. Primary diseases considered are bacterial ring rot, potato leafroll virus, PVY, and powdery scab. All selections with weak or non-existent symptom expression are discarded. Several advanced selections from Colorado and Texas are also distributed annually to state/USDA-ARS collaborators in Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, and Wisconsin for additional disease evaluations. These selections were screened for one or more of the following diseases: corky ringspot, late blight, early blight, scab (common and powdery), PVY, and Verticillim wilt. In addition, selections were provided to the National Trials for late blight, scab (powdery and common), and PVY screening. In recent years Zebra Chip (ZC) has become a major production problem for all classes of potatoes costing the industry many millions of dollars. Screening and associated studies on ZC (Liberibacter solanacearum) and psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) continued in Texas where more than 600 cultivars and selections have been evaluated. Some 20 selections have been identified as exhibiting tolerance/resistance. Texas investigated the bioavailability and chemopreventive properties of bioactives in potato using a mouse model. The study utilized two genotypes of potato, a purple skin/purple fleshed line (CO112F2-2P/P) and a white selection of Solanum bulbocastanum, both of which demonstrated high levels of bioactive compounds and exhibited anti-prostate cancer activity in cell cultures (in vitro). Phenolics extracts were derived from freeze dried tuber material and have been evaluated for anti-prostate cancer activity using an in vivo mouse model. Immunodeficient mice were injected with human prostate cancer cells to incite tumor development. This study confirmed the bioavailability and effectiveness of bioactive compounds in potato, reinforcing the role of potato as part of a healthy diet. As part of an ongoing effort to enhance carotenoid levels in materials in the Colorado program we have selected dark yellow fleshed clones from true seeded diploid populations adapted to long day photoperiods that we received from Dr. Kathy Haynes. This has dovetailed with hybridization and selections efforts already underway with high carotenoid clones previously received from Dr. Chuck Brown, USDA-ARS, Prosser, Washington. Recently we acquired four diploid Solanum phureja cultivars from The James Hutton Institute (formerly the Scottish Crop Research Institute) via Mylnefield Research Services in 2012. These cultivars are Mayan Gold, Inca Dawn, Mayan Queen, and Mayan Twilight. We obtained several crosses with Inca Dawn and have recently harvested greenhouse grown seedling tubers from those crosses. An M.S. graduate student has been working with the yellow-fleshed material for the last two years. Total carotenoid content were measured in 100 clones and levels of specific carotenoids were identified and quantified from field grown potatoes for two years (2011 and 2012). Total carotenoid content in diploid clones ranged from 538 µg/100 g FW to 2,741µg/100 g FW. Tetraploid clones ranged from 16 µg/100 g FW to 1,556 µg/100 g FW. Specific carotenoids identified and quantified were: antheraxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and zeaxanthin.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Bamberg, J. and Miller, J. C., Jr. 2012. Comparisons of ga1 with other reputed gibberellin mutants in potato. Amer. J. Potato Res. 89:142149.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Amer, Fauzi S., Madiwale, Gaurav P., Reddivari, L., Stone, Martha, Holm, David G., and Vanamala, J. 2013. Storage effect on glycoalkaloid and acrylamide content in potato chips is genotype dependent and these toxicants negatively correlate with consumer preference. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:123. (Abstract).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Brown, C. R., Vales, I., Yilma, S., James, S., Charlton, B., Culp, D., Hane, D., Shock, C., Feibert, E., Pavek, M., Knowles, R., Novy, R., Whitworth, J., Stark, J., Miller, J. C., Jr., Holm, D., Quick, R., and Navarre, R. 2012. AmaRosa, a red skinned, red fleshed fingerling with high phytonutrient value. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:249-254.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Davidson, Robert D., Houser, Andrew J, and Holm, David G. 2013. Cultivar improvements for powdery scab resistance in the Colorado Cultivar Development Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:129. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Essah, S.Y.C. 2012. Influence of potassium fertilizer source and application rate on potato tuber yield and quality. ASA/CSSA/SSSA Program and Abstract Book Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, USA (P141).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C. 2012. Managing phosphorus to optimize potato tuber yield in the San Luis Valley. Spud Items, December, 2012.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C. 2013. Field management of CO99100-1RU. Spud Items. February, 2013.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C, Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2012. Maximizing nitrogen use efficiency for optimum tuber yield and quality of a new Colorado potato cultivar. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:34. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davidson, R. D. 2012. Seed size and seed reconditioning influences field emergence, tuber yield, and quality of potato. Electronic Conference Proceedings (Abstracts), World Potato Congress, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. May 2012.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2012 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2012. 2011 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 134pp. (unpub)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Holm, D. G., Essah, S. Y. C., Davidson, R. D., and Jayanty, S. S. Jayanty. 2013. Mesa Russet: Management information sheet. Spud Items. January, 2013.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Holm, D. G. and Gray, C. 2013. 2012 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the San Luis Valley Research Center Committee and the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and III). 130pp. (unpub)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Jayanty, S. S., and Holm, D. G. 2012. Volatile compounds analysis in colorado potato cultivars and advanced selections using solid phase micro extraction technique (SPME). Am. J. Potato Res. 89:39. (Abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kalita, Diganta, Holm, David G., and Jayanty, Sastry S. 2013. Analysis of acrylamide formation in selected potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:136. (Abstract).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Kulen, O., Stushnoff, C., and Holm, D. G. 2013. Effect of cold storage on total phenolics content, antioxidant activity and vitamin C level of selected potato clones. J. Sci. Food Agric. 93: 24372444
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Larson, Katie, Holm, D. G., Jayanty, S. S., and Reddivari, L. 2013. Characterization of carotenoid content in potato germplasm utilized by the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:138. (Abstract).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Madiwale, G.P., Reddivari, L., Holm, D.G., Stone, M., and Vanamala, J. 2012. Combined effects of storage and processing on the bioactive compounds and pro-apoptotic properties of color-fleshed potatoes in human colon cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60:11088-11096.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2012 Citation: Miller, C., Koym, J. and Scheuring, D. 2012. 2012 Field Day Handbook. July 19, 2012. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas AgriLIFE Research, College Station and Lubbock. 34pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2012 Citation: Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., and Miller, J. P. 2012. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2011. Texas AgriLIFE Research, College Station and Lubbock. 27pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2012 Citation: Miller, C., Scheuring, D., and Koym, J. 2012. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2011. Texas AgriLIFE Research, College Station and Lubbock. 384pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Miller, C., Scheuring, D., and Koym, J. 2013. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2012. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 316pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2013 Citation: Miller, J. C., Jr., Koym, J. W., Scheuring, D. C., and Miller, J. P. 2013. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2012. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock. 22pp.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Narasimhamoorthy B., Zhao, L. Q., Liu, X., Essah, S.Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Greaves, J. A. 2013. Effect of harvest date on PI2, total protein, TGA content and tuber performance in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:561-569
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Perla, V., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2012. Effects of cooking methods on polyphenols, pigments and antioxidant activity in potato tubers. LWT-Food Science and Technology 45:161-171.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Perla, V., Holm, D. G., and Jayanty, S. S. 2012. Selenium and sulfur content and activity of associated enzymes in selected potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 89:111-120
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Perla, Venu, Holm, David G. and Jayanty, Sastry S. 2013. Selenium and sulfur in Colorado potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:144. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Reddivari, Lavanya, Madiwale, Gaurav P., Holm, David G., and Vanamala, Jairam. 2013. Purple-fleshed potatoes retain anti-cancer properties in vitro even after prolonged storage and processing. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:147. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Thompson, Henry J., Echeverria, Dimas, Kleintop, Adrienne, Jayanty, Sastry, and Holm, David G. 2013. Evaluation of the type and amount of dietary fiber in a collection of potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:152. (Abstract).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wilson, R., Culp, D., Kirby, D. and Nicholson, K. 2012. 2012 Annual Progress Report: Potato Variety Development in Tulelake. IREC Research Report #148. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wilson, R., Kirby, D., Culp, D. and Nicholson, K. 2012. Influence of Fungicides and Biological Products on Potato Diseases and Yukon Gold Yield and Quality. IREC Research Report #149. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wilson, R., Kirby, D., Culp, D. and Nicholson, K. 2012. The Influence of Irrigation Frequency on Potato Yield, Performance, and Disease Severity at IREC in 2012. IREC Research Report #152. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wilson, R., Kirby, D., Culp, D. and Nicholson, K. 2012. Classic Russet Potato Yield and Quality in Response to Vine Kill Timing and Soil Moisture Prior to Harvest. IREC Research Report #153. Cooperative Extension, University of California, P.O. Box 850, Tulelake, CA 96134.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Zuber, Tatiana, Stushnoff, Cecil, and Holm, David. 2013. Whole Solanum tuberosum L. tubers provide a protective matrix effect that stabilizes antiproliferative inhibitory metabolites from thermal degradation, and retains inhibitory properties against HT-29 colon cancer cells in vitro. Am. J. Potato Res. 90:157. (Abstract).