Source: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE POTATO CULTIVARS WITH ENHANCED QUALITY, DISEASE AND PEST RESISTANCE - NORTH CENTRAL REGION, 2011
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0226442
Grant No.
2011-34141-30768
Cumulative Award Amt.
$416,559.00
Proposal No.
2011-02116
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2011
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2013
Grant Year
2011
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
1310 BOLLEY DR
FARGO,ND 58105-5750
Performing Department
Plant Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Our proposal supports a four state (MI,MN,ND and WI) potato breeding, genetics, and cultivar development project in the North Central (NC) region. It is collaborative, multidisciplinary, and is an integtrated potato research effort. Unique to this regional endeavor, potato breeding occurs in all 4 NC states, allowing each program to respond to distinct needs of producers, industry, and consumers in their specific area. Multi-site evaluation and cultivar development is conducted by the 4 potato improvement teams involving potato breeders, geneticists, agronomists, plant pathologists, entomologists and biochemists from the 4 land grant universities and the USDA-ARS. Our improvement teams focus on market limiting traits as a basis for breeding, selecting, and developing superior cultivars for specific end uses (French fry and frozen processing, chip processing, fresh and storage tablestock markets). Advancing germplasm is compared to indsutry standards. Using traditional hybridization we combine traits that will provide durable host plant resistance to regionally important pathogens, insect pests and environmental stresses, and provide enhanced plant physiological efficiencies resulting in improved nutritional attributes for consumers and more sustainable environmental quality, as prioritized by our stakeholders.
Animal Health Component
60%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
60%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2011310108010%
2021310108010%
2031310108010%
2041310108010%
2051310108010%
2111310108010%
2121310108110%
2131310108010%
5031310108110%
7011310108110%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 204 - Plant Product Quality and Utility (Preharvest); 211 - Insects, Mites, and Other Arthropods Affecting Plants; 205 - Plant Management Systems; 203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms; 213 - Weeds Affecting Plants; 503 - Quality Maintenance in Storing and Marketing Food Products; 701 - Nutrient Composition of Food;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
The primary objectives are to 1) Develop potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars and germplasm for release and commercialization in the North Central region and beyond; 2) Evaluate germplasm for traits that are market limiting in the North Central region, focusing on durable and multiple resistances to important disease, insect pest and environmental stresses including late blight, Verticillium wilt, common scab, PVY, Colorado Potato Beetle, and cold sweetening, as prioritized by the industry in our region; 3) conduct breeding studies to improve early generation selection strategies and develop novel technologies to enhance cultivar commercialization; and 4) Combine the phenotypic evaluation of a mapping population with the genotype data generated by SolCAP to identify marker-trait associations for genes with large effects for market-limiting variables.
Project Methods
Each potato breeding program conducts replicated field trials within their individual state to identify superior lines within market clases. The most promising selections from state trials are advanced into the North Central Regional Potato Variety Trial (NCRPVT) for 1 to 3 years. Following this evaluation, top performing clones are considered for commercial release. Field experiments are grown under Best Management Practices (BMPs) for the intended production environment at each testing location. Standard commercially acceptable and available agrochemical products are used to control disease and insect pests if needed. Ten check cultivars are used in the NCRPVT to cover the range of utilization and markets represented in the NC production region. Evaluation of clones in the replicated trial includes agronomic traits, yield and grade, and quality attributes. Quality attributes include internal and external defects, chip and/or French fry processing quality, specific gravity, and sugar components both from the field and following storage. Crossing blocks are established at each university using superior parental genotypes from within and among breeding programs and materials from the Potato Genebank. Parental lines are intercrossed to synthesize new segregating populations possessing improved yield and quality attributes and to combine disease, insect pest and abiotic stress resistance. True potato seed is extracted from successful fruit formation and seedlings grown in the greenhouse to obtain seedling tubers. Family plots of seedling tubers are grown in the field and assessed for agronomic parameters. Harvested progeny segregating for important market limiting traits are selected, clonally maintained, and advanced. As these clones progress through the programs they are increased to accommodate expanded testing (larger plot sizes and additional growing environments allow for enhanced assessment) by the potato improvement teams for disease, insect pest, and abiotic stress resistance, reduced requirements for inputs such as nutrients, water and other agrochemicals, larger scale processing (chip, French fry, or other) evaluation, and nutritional and consumer quality testing. Evaluations conducted in the field or laboratory are replicated and statistical analysis is conducted using appropriate methods based on the trait(s) of interest. Estimates of genetic, genotype x environment, and error variances are determined; broad-sense heritability is calculated for traits, and correlation among traits determined if appropriate. This information is useful in designing breeding strategies for improvement. We are adopting and utilizing marker-assisted selection in an effort to improve early generation selection and are actively involved in developing other technologies to identify superior genotypes earlier in the selection cycle and to improve the economics of population screening.

Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/13

Outputs
Target Audience: Potato producers (seed and commercial) Potato industry personnel (frozen processing, chip processing, fresh pack, crop protection, storage specialists) Consumers Scientific (research) community Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training provided to graduate students in the potato breeding project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? 2013 Potato Expo. North Central Potato Breeders Booth. Las Vegas, NV. January 9-11, 2013. (Douches, Navarro, Thill, Thompson) Northern Plains Potato Growers Association Research Reporting Conference, Grand Forks, ND, February 19, 2013. Presentations. (Thompson, Thill) Potato Yield Trial. Nesson Research Extension Field Day, July 12, 2013. Invited presentations. (Thill, Thompson) RDO Processing Field Event, Perham, MN, August 29, 2013. Host/presentation. (Thompson) NPPGA Field Day, Larimore, Inkster & Hoople, August 22, 2012. Host/presentations. (Thompson, Thill) MN Area II Potato Research & Promotion Council/NPPGA Research meeting; Alexandria, MN; November 26, 2013. (Thompson, Thill) NCCC215 Potato Genetics Technical Committee Meeting. Chicago, IL. December 10, 2013. Presentations. (Douches, Thill, Thompson, Endelman/Palta) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The North Central Region (NCR) is a diverse potato production area, accounting for about 21% of U.S. potato acres harvested (NASS 2013). Seed potatoes, processing (French fries & chips), fresh & specialty potato production are found in MI, MN, ND and WI. Potato is the highest volume vegetable crop produced in the NCR. MN and ND production markets include approximately 9-15% seed; 72-61% frozen processing; 14-18% tablestock (fresh & storage), & 5-7% chip processing, respectively. The MI & WI industries are dominated by chip processing, with 60%+ of ha planted to chipping cultivars; MI is the largest supplier of chipping potatoes to NC & eastern markets. The 2012 farm-gate value of NCR production amounted to approximately $780 million, $175 million (MI), $152 million (MN), $191 million (ND), & $262 million (WI) (NASS 2013). A large portion of production is processed into frozen products; ND potatoes go to JR Simplot Co. in Grand Forks, Cavendish Farms in Jamestown, & to Lamb-Weston (ConAgra) in Park Rapids, MN. MN processing potatoes go to Lamb-Weston (ConAgra) in Park Rapids, & to the plants in Grand Forks or Jamestown, ND. Frito Lay, the dominant chip-processing company with over 60% of the US market, invests heavily in raw product from WI & MI. The NCR is a major supplier of raw product to regional chip processors in ND, MN, WI, MI, IL, IN, OH, PA, NC, amongst others. NCR producers are playing an ever greater role as raw potato product suppliers for all market segments, due to favorable transportation savings. Improved tablestock cultivars adapted to the NCR are in demand. NCR states are suppliers of high quality seed potatoes, free of quarantined pests. Our efforts to develop cultivars resistant to multiple diseases, pests & stresses has resulted in identification of germplasm & released cultivars possessing resistance to diseases, pests stresses, including late blight, common scab, Verticillium wilt, Colorado potato beetle, & cold sweetening. Some clones are retained as parental material for hybridizing; others continue through evaluation to release. Our project has released new cultivars, selected improved lines with enhanced disease, insect pest & stress resistance, & improved quality & agronomic attributes. We are using early generation selection technology to more rapidly develop new cultivars. Recent cultivar releases from NCR programs finding production niches are Dakota Diamond, Dakota Trailblazer, Dakota Russet (ND8229-3), Missaukee, Kalkaska, Boulder, McBride (MSJ126-9Y), Manistee (MSL292-A), MonDak Gold, Nicolet, Runestone Gold (MN02616R/Y), Tundra, Accumulator, Pinnacle, Purple Haze, Villetta Rose & Spartan Splash; many advanced selections are nearing consideration for release.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Thill, C. and J. Miller. 2013. Breeding and Development for the Northern Plains Region -2012. University of Minnesota Potato Breeding and Genetics. Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council and Northern Plains Potato Growers Association 2013 Research Reports. Pg. 67-76. Thompson, A. 2013. North Dakota potato breeding  2012 Summary. Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council and Northern Plains Potato Growers Association 2012 Research Reports. Pgs.77-87.
  • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2012 Citation: Thompson, A.L., N.C. Gudmestad, G.A. Secor. 2012. Dakota Russet. PVP Application submitted.


Progress 09/01/11 to 08/31/12

Outputs
OUTPUTS: North Central (NC) region state potato research advisory boards (Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPC), Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council, Northern Plains Potato Growers Association and the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association) have determined an urgent need for development of improved cultivars exhibiting superior agronomic performance, quality attributes, & possessing host plant resistance to insects, diseases, & stresses. Our project's long-term goals are to develop potato cultivars adapted to our individual states & region in response to producer, industry & consumer needs. Genetic improvement is a continuum of parental selection, hybridization, seedling tuber production, selection/evaluation, seed multiplication, & commercialization. Release of a cultivar via traditional breeding, requires 10-15 yrs. In order to accelerate release, we are employing early generation selection techniques, marker assisted selection, & micropropagation strategies. Germplasm enhancement is used to introgress improved traits, & develop durable & long-term resistance to pests & stresses. In 2012, about 200,000 single hills were evaluated for adaptation across the region; retention by programs ranges from 1-5%, based upon phenotype & pedigree. Field trial evaluations include yield, grade, disease incidence, physiological defects, cultural requirements, & processing quality at harvest & from low temperature storage. Programs exchange germplasm for evaluation at all stages. NC breeders contribute to the North Central Regional Potato Variety Trial (NCPVT). The 2012 NCRPVT evaluated MN02586, MN04844-07, W6002-1R, W8405-1R (fresh), W6234-4Russ, MN02467, MN02419, MN18747, AND00618-2RussY, ND8068-5Russ (processing), W5015-12, Lelah (W2717-5), ND7519-1 & ND8305-1 (chippers) compared to industry standards for each market type, across the region; several are under consideration for release. NC programs provide clones for evaluation to the National Chip Breeders Trial (NCBT), with goals of rapidly identifying &developing cultivars to replace Atlantic in southern production areas, & Snowden for long-term storage, & the National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), an industry driven trial to identify genotypes with lower acrylamide levels and superior French fry quality attributes. NC breeders conduct collaborative evaluations for late blight, common scab, PVY, & Colorado Potato Beetle resistance, amongst others. Processing selections (chip and French fry) are collaboratively evaluated with the USDA-ARS Potato Research Worksite, East Grand Forks, MN. SolCAP mapping populations have been created by our group & phenotyping initiated; following SNP genotyping, QTL analysis is conducted for traits of interest. Molecular markers based on SNP will be a useful tool in speeding cultivar development. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals Dr. Asunta L. Thompson, PI Dr. David Douches, PI Dr. Felix Navarro, PI Dr. Christian Thill, PI Partner Organizations Northern Plains Potato Growers Association Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council Michigan Potato Industry Commission Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association Lamb-Weston/ConAgra JR Simplot Co. Cavendish Farms Barrel of Fun Frito-Lay Collaborators and Contracts Dr. Neil Gudmestad Dr. Gary Secor Dr. Nicholas David Mr. Marty Glynn Dr. Joseph Sowokinos Dr. Edward Lulai Dr. Jeffrey Suttle Dr. Deirdre Prischmann-Voldseth Dr. Harlene Hatterman-Valenti Dr. Jiwan Palta Dr. Chris Long Dr. Carl Rosen Dr. Jerry Bergman Dr. A.J. Bussan Dr. Zsofia Szendrei Dr. Russel Groves Dr. Ian V. MacRae Dr. William Kirk Dr. James Bradeen Dr. Amy Charkowski Dr. Rich Novy Dr. J. Creighton Miller, Jr. Dr. David Holm Dr. Greg Porter Dr. Craig Yencho Dr. Shelley Jansky Dr. John Bamberg Dr. Kathy Haynes Dr. Mike Thornton Dr. Mark Pavek Mr. Duane Preston TARGET AUDIENCES: Potato producers (seed and commercial) Potato industry personnel (frozen processing, chip processing, fresh pack, crop protection, storage specialists) Consumers Scientific (research) community PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
The North Central Region (NCR) is a diverse potato production area, accounting for 97,529 ha, or 22% of U.S. potato production area (NASS 2012). Seed potatoes, processing (French fries & chips), fresh & specialty potato production are found in MI, MN, ND and WI. In 2011, NCR states ranked 3rd (WI), 6th (ND), 7th (MN) & 8th (MI) in US potato production (NASS 2012), making potato the highest volume vegetable crop in the NCR MN and ND production markets include approximately 9-15% seed; 72-61% frozen processing; 14-18% tablestock (fresh & storage), & 5-7% chip processing, respectively. The MI & WI industries are dominated by chip processing, with 60%+ of ha planted to chipping cultivars; MI is the largest supplier of chipping potatoes to NC & eastern markets. The 2011 farm-gate value of NCR production amounted to approximately $758 million, $164 million (MI), $157 million (MN), $181 million (ND), & $263 million (WI) (NASS 2012). A large portion of production is processed into frozen products; ND potatoes go to JR Simplot Co. in Grand Forks, Cavendish Farms in Jamestown, & to Lamb-Weston (ConAgra) in Park Rapids, MN. MN processing potatoes go to Lamb-Weston (ConAgra) in Park Rapids, & to the plants in Grand Forks or Jamestown, ND. Frito Lay, the dominant chip-processing company with over 60% of the US market, invests heavily in raw product from WI & MI. The NCR is a major supplier of raw product to regional chip processors in ND, MN, WI, MI, IL, IN, OH, PA, NC, amongst others. NCR producers are playing an ever greater role as raw potato product suppliers for all market segments, due to favorable transportation savings. Improved tablestock cultivars adapted to the NCR are in demand. NCR states are suppliers of high quality seed potatoes, free of quarantined pests. Our efforts to develop cultivars resistant to multiple diseases, pests & stresses has resulted in identification of germplasm & released cultivars possessing resistance to diseases, pests stresses, including late blight, common scab, Verticillium wilt, Colorado potato beetle, & cold sweetening. Some clones are retained as parental material for hybridizing; others continue through evaluation to release. Recent cultivar releases from NCR programs finding production niches are Dakota Diamond, Dakota Trailblazer, Missaukee, Kalkaska, Boulder, MonDak Gold, Nicolet, Tundra, Accumulator, Villetta Rose & Spartan Splash; many advanced selections are in the pipeline.

Publications

  • Thill, C. and J. Miller. 2012. 2011 University of Minnesota Potato Breeding and Genetics. Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council and Northern Plains Potato Growers Association 2011 Research Reports.
  • Thompson, A. 2012. Larimore, North Dakota 2011 processing potato trials. Valley potato Grower 77(215):15-21.
  • Quantification of Verticillium dahliae in potato stems for the determination of early dying resistance. Robert P. Sabba, Asunta L. Thompson, Julie S. Pasche, and Neil C. Gudmestad. Potato Association of America annual meeting, August 2012. Oral paper (Abstract) .
  • Thompson, A. 2012. Oakes, North Dakota 2011 processing potato trial. Valley Potato Grower.
  • Thompson, A. 2012. North Dakota potato breeding - 2011 Summary. Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council and Northern Plains Potato Growers Association 2011 Research Reports.