Progress 09/01/05 to 08/31/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: New guidelines for seeding and fertilizer rates were developed for replanting medium and long grain rice cultivars in conventional and no-till systems in Louisiana. This will aid in the difficult decision of whether to replant. The most profitable long-term cropping systems for cotton production in Louisiana were identified. These were no-till systems that maintained year-round ground cover with crops and crop residues, despite that measured pest diversity indices were higher in conservation tillage fields. Strategies were developed for feeding low-protein, amino acid-supplemented diets to broilers with no adverse effects on growth performance, which may have a major favorable impact on the economics of poultry production and on nitrogen loss to the environment. In addition, some dietary ingredients dramatically affect some amino acids requirements of pigs, which may have a major effect on the cost of production. New strategies were developed for effective utilization of poultry litter as a soil amendment in loblolly pine and loblolly/bahiagrass silvopasture systems. A dairy manure/sand separator was designed, built and tested. A provisional patent is being filed. This unit is anticipated to be marketed through the LSU AgCenter. Special solar stills were developed to dry wet manure to dry powder in 3-4 summer days. A 3-stage treatment system, including anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons and constructed wetlands, was developed and tested for dairy wastewater treatment. Further, a 2-stage system under development would by-pass aerobic lagoons and replace them with established wetlands. DNA fingerprinting was found effective to differentiate between E. coli strains from dairy waste and those from wildlife. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.

Impacts
Seeding rates as low as 15/ft2 can provide acceptable plant stands in both fall stale and conventionally tilled rice seedbeds. Seeding rates needed to achieve optimal stands in a fall stale seedbed tillage system may be reduced, but nitrogen efficiency also may be reduced. Environmentally-protective crop options were productive and economically beneficial, providing distinct choices to growers and land owners. Despite their value for environmental protection, some conservation practices such as winter cover crops reduced net returns per ha, which has had a major impact in limiting adoption rate of cover crop practices. Conservation tillage and IPM practices, however, have been adopted on the majority of the cotton and field corn acreage across the Mid-South U.S.A. Glycine is a limiting amino acid in poultry diets, and isoleucine requirement of pigs is dependent on diet type. Low protein, amino acid supplemented diets with phytase will reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss to the environment. Small plot runoff studies using simulated rain on different soils and management systems (grazed pasture, hay pasture and forest) common in the poultry-producing region of Louisiana found no correlation between phosphorus (P) in runoff and potential for such loss expected from the Louisiana P-Index. Forest fertilization with poultry litter is an alternative use for this material that appears to have small potential impact on downstream water quality, is preferable to inorganic fertilization where straw is harvested, and, if limited in number and rate of application (< four at four tons per acre), does not lead to appreciable nitrogen or P leaching, even on a sandy soil. Alternative management practices for use of poultry litter in pastures and control of P loss from soils have varied merit. The dairy manure/screen separator is anticipated to lower dredging frequency for dairy lagoons, resulting in cost savings. The separator allows collection of manure and sand separately. Manure can be dried using a solar still and used for fertilizer or bionergy source after pelletization. Pellets can be used in biomass gasifier to produce heat and electricity, and will be pathogen-free for marking as fertilizer or soil amendment. The separated sand can be reused for bedding or for other application. The combined separator/drier/gasifier is anticipated to be an alternative to the traditional anaerobic digesters. Each treatment level (anaerobic lagoons, aerobic lagoons, constructed wetlands) significantly improved water quality. Most treatment occurred in large surface naturally aerobic lagoons. Constructed wetlands were efficient to remove most contaminants except for nitrogen compounds, which would require larger storage volume in constructed wetlands. Using DNA fingerprinting provided clear evidence for contamination of dairy wastewater by resident wildlife. It is possible to document treatment system efficacy to reduce dairy fecal coliforms independent of wildlife contribution.

Publications

• Saichuk, J., D.L. Harrell, et al. 2008. Rice varieties and management tips 2009. Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service Pub. 2270.
• Harrell, D.L., J. P. Leonards, R. P. Regan, and D. M. Walker. 2008. Rice agronomy. In 99th Annual research report. Rice Research Station, La. Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, LA.
• Harrell, D.L. and J. Bond. 2008. Evaluation of conventional and reduced tillage practices on optimum seeding rate, nitrogen fertilization rate and yield components. 32nd Rice Tech. Working Group. Feb. 18-21, San Diego, California. Proceedings (in press).
• Leonard, B. R. 2008. Insect control strategies, p. 193. In Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Nashville, TN. 8-11 Jan. National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN. CD ROM and online at www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.
• Leonard, B. R. 2008. Recognizing potential cotton pest problems in a multi-crop environment, pp. 10-12. In Proc. National Conserv. Tillage Cotton and Rice Conf. National Conservation Tillage Digest, Perryville, MO.
• Miller, D. K., J. X. Zumba, D., C. Blouin, R. Bagwell, E. Burris, E. L. Clawson, B. R. Leonard, D. M. Scroggs, A. M. Stewart, and P. R. Vidrine. 2008. Second generation glyphosate-resistant cotton tolerance to combinations of glyphosate with insecticide and mepiquat chloride. Weed Tech. 22:81-85.
• Smith, T. P., A. M. Hammond, C. A. Able, M. J. Stout, and B. R. Leonard. 2007. Sugarcane beetles: A potential threat to several agronomic crops in Louisiana. La. Agric. 50 (3): 134.
• Guzik, A.C., M.J. Pettitt, E. Beltranena, L.L. Southern and B.J. Kerr. 2005. Dietary threonine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios fed to nursery pigs. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 89:297-302.
• Dean, D.W., L.L. Southern, B J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner. 2005. Isoleucine requirement of 80- to 120-kilogram barrows fed corn-soybean meal or corn-blood cell diets. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2543-2553.
• Guzik, A.C., J.L. Shelton, L.L. Southern, B.J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner. 2005. The tryptophan requirement of growing and finishing barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1303-1311.
• Dean, D.W., L.L. Southern, B.J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner. 2006. Glycine supplementation to low protein amino acid supplemented diets supports optimal performance of broiler chicks. Poultry Sci. 85:288-296.
• Felicien, W., L. Gaston, D. Cooper, S. Hotard and M. Blazier. 2006. Effects of pine straw raking and fertilization on runoff water quality. Abstracts, 2006 International Annual Meetings, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, November 12-16, Indianapolis, IN. CD.
• Patterson, W.B., Blazier, M.A., Hotard, S.L. 2007. Pinestraw raking, fertilization, and poultry litter amendment effects on soil physical properties for a mid-rotation loblolly pine plantation. Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. 26 Feb-1 Mar 2007. Athens, GA. Ryan, V.A.A. 2006. Phytoremediation of a high phosphorus soil by summer and winter hay harvest. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. Available online at http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07112006-125540/
• Ryan, V.A.A. 2006. Phytoremediation of a high phosphorus soil by summer and winter hay harvest. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA. Available online at http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07112006-125540/
• Ryan, V.A., L. Gaston, D. Cooper and M. Stephens. 2006. Phytoremediation of a high phosphorus soil by summer and winter hay harvest. Abstracts, 2006 International Annual Meetings, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, November 12-16, Indianapolis, IN. CD.
• Waldron, G., L. Gaston, D. Cooper and M. Stephens. 2006. Phosphorus sorption and soil variability in Louisiana coastal plain soils. Abstracts, 2006 International Annual Meetings, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, November 12-16, Indianapolis, IN. CD.
• Waldron, G., and L. Gaston. 2007. Sorption and transport of phosphorus in soil / bauxite residue mixtures. Abstracts, 2007 International Annual Meetings, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, November 4-8, New Orleans, LA. CD.
• Theegala, C.S., Small, D., Monroe, T.W. 2008. Oxygen Electrode-Based, Single Antibody Amperometric Biosensor for Qualitative Detection of E.coli and Bacteria in Water. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A. Volume A43, No.5.
• Akudo, C. and Theegala, C.S. Tar and particulate characterization from a downdraft, biomass gasifier. Conference paper for ASABE, June 17-20, 2007, Minneapolis Convention Center, Minnesota.
• Midgett, J. and Theegala, C.S. Assessing Feasibility of Bio-oil Production from Thermal Liquefaction of Biomass. Conference paper for ASABE, June 17-20, 2007, Minneapolis Convention Center, Minnesota.
• Theegala, C.S., Jordan. J. Reduction of Lagoon Loading by Solid Waste Separation Using a Stationary Inclined Gravity Screen. Conference paper for 2006 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 9 - 12 July 2006.
• Moreira, V. R., B. D. LeBlanc, E. C. Achberger, D. G. Frederick, C. Leonardi. 2007. Evaluation of Multiple-Stage Lagoons and Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Dairy Parlor Waste Effluent. In: Southeast Research Station Field Day Summaries 2007. LSU AgCenter SERS, Franklinton, LA. 6-10.
• Moreira, V. R., LeBlanc, B. D., and Achberger, E. 2006. Evaluation of lagoons and constructed wetlands designed to treat dairy wastewater effluent Preliminary results. 2006 Louisiana Dairy Report. B. F. Jenny. 60-64.
• LeBlanc, B.D. and V. R. Moreira. 2006. Early Results From Evaluation of Two-Stage Lagoons and Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Dairy Waste Effluent. USDA-CSREES National Water Conference. February 5-9, 2006. San Antonio, TX. Abstract in Conference Proceedings. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/waterconf2006/ (Abstract).
• LeBlanc, B. D. and V. R. Moreira. 2005. Early results from evaluation of two-stage lagoons and constructed wetlands treatment of dairy waste effluent. USDA-CSREES Southern Region Water Quality Conference (Abstract).
• Boquet, D.J. and K.W. Paxton. 2008. Cropping systems as best management practices. In Proc. National Conservation Systems Cotton and Rice Conf. 21-22 Jan. Tunica, MS. Tillage Digest. Perryville, MO.
• Boquet, D.J., G.A. Breitenbeck, and J.S. Kruse. 2008. Fertilizer nitrogen formulation and rate effects on cotton yield. p. 1589-1594. In Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Nashville, TN. 8-11 Jan. National Cotton Council. Memphis TN. CD ROM and online at www.cotton.org/beltwide/proceedings.

Progress 09/01/06 to 08/31/07

Outputs
Research evaluated the effect of tillage on optimum seeding and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates in drill seeded rice. Two tillage systems (conventional and fall stale seedbed), four seeding rates (15, 30, 45, and 60 seed per square foot), and four N rates (90, 120, 150, and 180 lb/ N/A) were included in the study. At the lowest seeding rate under both tillage systems and the minimum plant stands of 10 - 15 plants per square foot, grain yields were optimized at 120 lb N/A for the medium grain Jupiter and at 90 lb N/A for semi-dwarf long grain Cheniere. Use of conservation tillage practices along with "Best Management Practices" in cotton and field corn production systems can maintain crop productivity with fewer soil negative effects on the environment. Increased soil and seedling pest incidence in conservation tillage fields were observed compared to those in conventional tillage fields. An effective IPM approach in the conservation tillage production system involves vegetation destruction more than six weeks pre-plant, use of insecticide-treated seed, and an overspray treatment with a pyrethroid to reduce crop yield limitations from pests. In wheat followed by cotton, seedling pest problems were relatively minor. The post-optimum seeding date for cotton resulted in a later-maturing crop with greater susceptibility to the late-season Lepidopteran and Hemipteran pest complex, which reduced yield and increased pest management costs. Phyto-remediation using switchgrass with its high productivity was effective in P removal. Poultry litter fertilization in pine provided fertility benefits for six years. In a system where organic matter was removed annually via straw harvest, increased microbial utilization of organic matter led to declines in microbial biomass once the relatively small supply of labile C substrate was expended. Combining straw removal with annual fertilization using poultry litter had a beneficial impact on microbial biomass C and activity. Experiments were conducted to determine the amino acid requirements of pigs and broilers and the effect of diets with and without phytase. The standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement in 20 to 40 kilogram pigs was determined to be 0.83% of the diet and addition of 0.264% crystalline lysine to the diet had no negative effect on growth performance. Addition of 0.25% L-Lysine HCl can be added to diets of broilers with no negative effects on growth performance. In dairy waste management studies manure separators, methane digesters, solar stills, and biomass gasifiers were evaluated. With respect to the screen performance, the unit separated 1590 (plus or minus) 217 lb manure (wet) and 252 (plus or minus) 50 lb of sand per day as two separate piles. Screens collected manure with a mass separation efficiency of approximately 48%. The solar still was very effective for moisture removal and dried separated manure (with 75% moisture) to dry manure (less than 5% moisture) in 3 summer days. However, coliform numbers were not significantly reduced. The gasifer generated gas composition was satisfactory. Research was initiated to generate portable bio-oil from dried animal wastes.

Impacts
Making the decision to terminate a rice stand and replant is one of the most difficult decisions made annually by Louisiana producers. When properly managed and favorable weather conditions occur, seeding rates as low as 15 seeds/ft2 can provide acceptable plant stands in both stale seedbed and conventional tilled seedbed systems. Conservation tillage practices have been adopted on the majority of the cotton and field corn acreage across the Southern United States. These practices have changed the arthropod pest complex associated with these crops. The results of integrated pest management (IPM) research will facilitate producers' adoption of best management practices (BMP's) in conservation tillage systems. Integrating environmentally-friendly plant protection strategies into the current BMP's for cotton and field corn are necessary to successfully maintain crop productivity. Use of organic matter- and P-rich poultry litter to non-pasture systems can reduce localized impacts on water quality. Where losses of P from soil or poultry litter to surface water may be a problem, this may be mitigated by phytoremediation through treatment of poultry litter with P-retentive additives or other strategies. Some refinements in simple guides for environmentally sound P fertilization (P-indices) may be necessary to improve applicability. Annual removal of straw by raking of forests may be ecologically sustainable if poultry litter is applied periodically to replenish nutrients. Minimizing nitrogen loss to the environment will decrease atmospheric ammonia. The most cost effective, and perhaps the only way to accomplish this in livestock diets is to decrease dietary nitrogen content. Maximizing crystalline amino acid use in poultry diets had no effect on animal performance and would be a means to minimizing nitrogen lost in the waste and to the environment. Research assessed the viability of generating bioenergy or additional revenue from animal wastes. This supplemental income is critical to the ailing animal agriculture industry and is anticipated to improve the overall profitability of animal farms. Some of the main revenue generating options being investigated are production of bacteria-free fertilizer pellets, production of synthesis gas from waste gasification and subsequent heat or electricity generation, and bio-oil production from animal waste.

Publications

• Guzik, A.C., J.O. Matthews, B.J. Kerr, T.D. Bidner, and L.L. Southern. 2006. Dietary tryptophan effects on plasma and salivary cortisol and meat quality in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2251-2259.
• Harrell, D.L., J. P. Leonards, R. P. Regan, and D. M. Walker. 2007. Rice agronomy. In 98 Annual research report. Rice Research Station, La. Agric. Exp. Stn., Baton Rouge, LA.
• Hotard, S.L. (2007) Microbial biomass C and activity in an annually raked and fertilized loblolly pine plantation. M.S. Thesis, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA.
• Koopmans, S.J., A.C. Guzik, J. van der Meulen, R. Dekker, J. Kogut, B.J. Kerr, and L.L. Southern. 2006. Effects of supplemental L-tryptophan on serotonin, cortisol, intestinal integrity, and behavior in weanling piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 963-971.
• Leonard, B. R. 2007. Cotton aphid population dynamics and control strategies in conservation tillage cotton fields, pp. 13-15. In Proceedings, 2007 National Conservation Tillage Cotton and Rice Conferences. National Conservation Tillage Digest, Perryville, MO.
• Miller, D. K., B. R. Leonard, and M. S. Mathews. 2007. Nozzle type and spray pressure effects on weed and plant bug control with glyphosate and insecticide co-application, p. 3. In Proceedings, 2007 Louisiana Agricultural Sciences Conference, Baton Rouge, LA.
• Nester, K. and C.S. Theegala. Drying Dairy Wastes for Organic Fertilizer Applications. Oral presentation at ASABE, 2006, July 9-12, 2006, Portland Convention Center, Portland, Oregon.
• Robbins, K.R., A.M. Saxton, and L.L. Southern. 2006. Estimation of nutrient requirements using broken-line regression analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 84(E. Suppl.):E155-E165.
• Saichuk, J., D.L. Harrell, et al. 2007. Rice varieties and management tips 2003. Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service Pub. 2270.
• Shelton, J.L. and L.L. Southern. 2006. Effect of phytase addition with or without the trace mineral premix on growth performance, bone response variables, and tissue mineral concentrations in commercial broilers. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 15:94-102.
• Small, D., C.S. Theegala, and T. Monroe. 2006. Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water using an Amperometric Biosensor. Conference paper for 2006 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 9 - 12 July 2006.
• Small, D. MS Thesis, BAE, LSU. Evaluation of an amperometric biosensor for the detection of escherichia coli O157:H7. MS Thesis Advisor. Graduation Date: May 2006.
• Temple, J. H., P. Price, and B. R. Leonard. 2007. Defining NDVI Zones For late season cotton management, pp. 366-369. In Proceedings, 2007 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
• Theegala, C.S. and J. Jordan. Reduction of Lagoon Loading by Solid Waste Separation Using a Stationary Inclined Gravity Screen. Conference paper for 2006 ASABE Annual International Meeting, Portland, Oregon, 9 - 12 July 2006.
• Watson, B.C., J.O. Matthews, L.L. Southern, and J.L. Shelton. 2006. The effects of phytase on growth performance and intestinal transit time of broilers fed nutritionally adequate diets and diets deficient in calcium and phosphorus. Poultry Sci. 85:493-497.
• Castro, B. A., B. R. Leonard, and T. J. Riley. 2006. Field resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic corn to Southwestern corn borer and sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infestations. Southwest. Entomol. 31:211-222.
• Emfinger, K. D., B. R. Leonard, and P. L. Bommireddy. 2007. Validating boll and yield tolerance to cotton pests in Louisiana, pp. 118-122. In Proceedings, 2007 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
• Felicien, W.L. (2007) Assessment of the phosphorus index for Louisiana. M.S. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Available at: http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-07092007-182525/

Progress 09/01/05 to 09/01/06

Outputs
1) Experiments were conducted to improve early season vegetation management for rice grown in a reduced tillage system and to evaluate grain yields. Main-crop grain yields in 2005 were reduced 490 and 8705 lb/A, but were not significantly different in 2006, when flumioxazin (Valor) was applied at 1 or 2 oz/A, respectively, as a pre-plant burndown application 30 days prior to planting compared with application of 2, 4-D. A rotational study also was initiated in 2005 and crop rotation effects on rice yields will be evaluated following the 2007 harvest. 2) Common soil and seedling pest problems in southern cotton and field corn production systems are consistently greater in conservation tillage (RT) fields compared to conventional tillage (CT) fields. The most effective IPM approach to early season pests in the RT system involves vegetation destruction >six weeks pre-plant, the use of insecticide-treated seed, and an overspray treatment with a pyrethroid immediately post-plant. In double-cropped (wheat followed by cotton) RT fields that are seeded later in the season, seedling pest problems are not as severe as those observed in earlier planted non-double-cropped RT fields. Although the crop and seedling IPM appears to initially benefit from the delayed planting, the late-season pest management problems could be more costly not only from a loss in yield, but also from higher input costs. 3) Phosphorus (P) runoff data under simulated rainfall have been collected from forest plots and were positively related to history of poultry litter application but affected by contribution from pine straw as well as soil P. Although forest fertilization preserves surface soil chemical fertility where pine straw is annually removed, there may be negative impacts on microbial populations, even when organically-rich poultry litter fertilizer is used. Differences in pine tree growth due to prior fertilization with poultry litter persisted into another year of pre-harvest growth. 4) Experiments are being conducted that evaluate amino acids requirements for pigs and broilers and the effect of these diets, in some cases, with and without phytase and with reductions in dietary P content. Research has shown glycine is a limiting amino acid in poultry diets and isoleucine requirement of pigs is dependent on diet type. The use of low protein, amino acid supplemented diets with phytase will reduce both nitrogen and phosphorus loss to the environment. Phosphorus loss in runoff is being compared to loss rating given by the Louisiana phosphorus index. 5) The objective of the dairy waste management study for 2006 is to by-pass the aerobic lagoons. Dairy wastewater will flow directly from anaerobic lagoons into wetlands cells. Water quality samples will be analyzed for a number of characteristics according to EPA recommended methods and Standard Methods (APHA, 1995). Original meters placed before constructed wetlands did not allow for a considerable amount of solids present in anaerobic lagoons effluents. Significant upgrade was made with the establishment of 6 weirs and ultra-sonic flowmeters. Meters are being calibrated and the study is planned to begin shortly.

Impacts
1) Suppression of weed species is paramount in establishing a uniform rice stand in a conservation tillage drill-seeded system. Preliminary research has identified multiple herbicide burndown systems capable of providing early season vegetation control and adequate stand establishment. 2) Conservation tillage (RT) practices, adopted on a majority of the cotton and field corn acreage in the South, have changed the arthropod pest complex associated with those crops. The results of IPM research will facilitate producers' adoption of BMPs in RT systems. 3) Consistently accurate prediction of P losses in runoff remains elusive. Losses of P from fertilized forest soils appear to be lower than with pasture soils with history of poultry litter application and improves tree growth. Use of poultry litter for forest fertilization, combined with hay harvest to reduce soil P, represent a combined management approach to limit P loss to surface water. 4) We are the first to show that low protein amino acid supplemented diets can be fed to broilers with no adverse effects on growth performance, which may have a major impact on the economics of poultry production and be more environmentally friendly. Verification of the phosphorus index will strengthen nutrient management planning. 5) The dairy waste management study could significantly reduce costs to dairymen by avoiding the large construction needed to provide adequate aeration in aerobic lagoons compared to a smaller wetland cell.

Publications

• Bond, J.A., P.K. Bollich, G.R. Romero, R.P. Regan, and J.P. 2005. Flumioxazin Plus Glyphosate Combinations for Burndown in Rice. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 58:14.
• Bond, J.A., J.P. Leonards, R.P. Regan, G.R. Romero, and D.M. Walker. 2005. Rice Agronomy. Annual Research Report. Rice Research Station, La. Agric. Exp. Stn., LSU AgCenter 96:104-226.
• Dean, D.W., L.L. Southern, B.J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner. 2006. Glycine Supplementation to Low Protein Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Supports Optimal Performance of Broiler Chicks. Poultry Science 85:288-296.
• Dean, D.W., L.L. Southern, B.J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner. 2005. Isoleucine Requirement of 80 to 120 kilogram Barrows Fed Corn Soybean Meal or Corn Blood Cell Diets. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2543-2553.
• Felicien, W., L. Gaston, D. Cooper, S. Hotard and M. Blazier. 2006. Effects of Pine Straw Raking and Fertilization on Runoff Water Quality. Currently available at, http://crops.confex.com/Crops/2006am/techprogram/P25302.HTML>
• Guzik, A.C., J.L. Shelton, L.L. Southern, B.J. Kerr and T.D. Bidner 2005. The Trytophan Requirement of Growing and Finishing Barrows. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1303-1311.
• Guzik, A.C., J.J. Pettitt, E. Beltranena, L.L. Southern and B.J. Kerr. 2005. Dietary threonine:lysine and tryptophan:lysine ratios fed to nursery pigs. J. Anim. Nutr. 83:297-302.
• Price, P., J. Temple, J. Gore, and B.R. Leonard. 2006. Insecticide efficacy against cotton insect pests using air induction and hollow cone nozzles, 957-961. In Proceedings, 2006 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, National Cotton Council, Memphis, TN.
• Ryan, V.A. 2006. Phytoremediation of a high phosphorus soil by summer and winter hay harvest. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
• Saichuk, J.K., S.B. Blanche, J.A. Castro, B.A. Castro, R.T. Dunand, D.E. Groth, C.A. Hollier, S.D. Linscombe, X. Sha, M.J. Stout, E.P. Webster and L.M. White. 2005. Rice varieties and management tips, 2006. La. Coop. Ext. Pub. 2270. LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge.
• Smith, T.P., B.R. Leonard, A.M. Hammond, and R. Gable. 2006. Managing Sugarcane Beetles in Field Corn with Seed Treatments. La. Agric. 49 (4):27.