Progress 12/01/15 to 11/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The effort from this project reached professionals working in the food industry, scientists working in the fields ofFood Science and Nutrition, and a lay audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Overall, this project contributed to the training of three graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. These were accomplished through mentoring activities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The research findings of this project have been reported in peer-reviewed journal articles and at posters in scientific conferences. Brief summaries of this work was also featured in a local radio report,TV news report and via the Department of Food Science annual newsletter which helped to build awareness outside of the scientific community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact- Aronia berry is increasingly cultivated in the midwest. This berry is high in polyphenols and pigments that may benefit health. This project accomplished research to understand how aronia berry inhibits intestinal inflammation. Chronic intestinal inflammation underlies many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. This project generated a new understanding of the specific anti-inflammatory processes by which aronia can improve gut health. Objectives: Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: No additional experiments were conducted during this project period. Data collected: No additional data were collected during this project period. Summary statistics and discussion of results: No additional results were obtained during this project period. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Overall, this objective improved the knowledge about how aronia inhibits inflammation in the intestine. In the adoptive transfer model of colitis, aronia consumption reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon by preventing expansion of T cells, and increasing the proportion of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and antiinflammatory populations of Th17. Changes in T cell populations in the mesenteric lymph nodes precede those in the colon. This knowledge was published in a peer reviewed journal article, a PhD thesis, and conference presentations. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: No additional experiments were conducted during this project period. Data collected: No additional data were collected during this project period. Summary statistics and discussion of results: No additional results were obtained during this project period. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Results from this objective led to a change in knowledge about how aronia affects IL-10 in the gut during intestinal inflammation. T cell IL-10 was determined to be essential for how aronia inhibits colonic cytokines during the development of colitis. However, aronia is able to also dampen colitis through mechanisms independent of T cell IL-10. Thus, aronia consumption exerts anti-inflammatory activity via different cellular mechanisms, which should be considered in future studies. This knowledge was published in a peer reviewed journal article, a PhD thesis, and conference presentations. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted:No new data were collected during this reporting period. Data collected: No new data were collected during this reporting period. Summary statistics and discussion of results: No new results were obtained during this reporting period. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Work for this objective led to a change in knowledge about how aronia consumption modulates lymphocyte antioxidant function. Aronia consumption reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress in the MLN and spleen. As described in the prior objectives, the MLN is an important site for T cell differentiation and is important to the development of inflammation in the colon. Since antioxidant status affects T cell differentiation, these changes in antioxidant function appear to partly mediate the anti-colitic mechanism of aronia consumption. Furthermore, these results explain that aronia differentially affect antioxidant function of the colon, MLN, and spleen - key immune sites relevant to the progression of colitis. This functionality is in parallel to anti-inflammatory activity. These results were presented at a research conference and published in a peer-reviewed manuscript.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Valdez JC, Bolling BW. Anthocyanins and intestinal barrier function: a review. Journal of Food Bioactives. 2019;5:18-30.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Pei R, Liu J, Martin DA, Valdez JC, Jeffery J, Barrett-Wilt GA, Liu Z, Bolling BW. Aronia berry supplementation inhibits T cell transfer-induced colitis by decreasing oxidative stress. Nutrients. 2019;11(6), 1316.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Pei R, Liu X, Bolling BW. Flavonoids for gut health. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 2020; 61: 153-159.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Pei R, Liu J, Martin DA, Valdez JC, Jeffery J, Barrett-Wil GA, Liu Z, Bolling BW. Viking aronia berry powder inhibits T cell transfer-induced colitis by reducing oxidative stress. 9th International Conference on Polyphenols and Health, Kobe, Japan, Nov 28-Dec 1, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bolling, B. Contribution of anthocyanins to the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry. American Chemical Society National Meeting. Orlando, FL, Mar. 31-Apr 4, 2019
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Bolling B. Chemistry, sensory attributes, and health benefits of polyphenols in nuts and berries. Association for Chemoreception Sciences (AChemS). ACHEMS XLI, Bonita Springs, FL April 15-17, 2019.
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Progress 12/01/17 to 11/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Project efforts reached professionals working in the food industry, scientists working in Food Science and Nutrition, and a lay audience. Changes/Problems:We have requested a no-cost extension of the project through 2019 to complete publication of data from this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training to three graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The training opportunities were mainly through mentoring activities. Because of this project, a PhD student completed a thesis and another MS student will utilize data collected in this project for a thesis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have published a peer-reviewed paper on the basis of experiments in Objectives 1 & 2, which is intended to reach professionals working in Nutrition and Food Science fields. Furthermore, these results have been presented at national research conferences which have allowed for more direct interaction with those involved in the field. The PI also presented a national webinar that included results of this work in the context of foods that affect immune health. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We intend to complete writing a peer-reviewed manuscript based on Objective 3 and submit for publication.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Low-grade, unresolved inflammation underlies the pathology of many chronic diseases. Understanding how foods can prevent chronic inflammation will help guide nutritional recommendations, horticultural practices, and food processing strategies to retain or enhance the capacity of foods to prevent chronic disease. Aronia berries are an emerging crop grown throughout the United States. Aronia berries have very high content of pigments and phytochemicals that are promising for preventing chronic inflammation. This project has generated new knowledge that describes the specific cellular process by which aronia berry consumption inhibits chronic inflammation in the gut. Objectives: Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: No additional experiments were conducted. Data collected: No additional data were collected. Summary statistics and discussion of results: No additional results were obtained. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Overall, this objective improved the knowledge about how aronia inhibits inflammation in the intestine. In the adoptive transfer model of colitis, aronia consumption reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon by preventing expansion of T cells, and increasing the proportion of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and anti-inflammatory populations of Th17. Changes in T cell populations in the mesenteric lymph nodes precede those in the colon. This knowledge was published in a peer reviewed journal article, a PhD thesis, and conference presentations. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: No additional experiments were conducted. Data collected: No additional data were collected. Summary statistics and discussion of results: No additional results were obtained. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Results from this objective led to a change in knowledge about how aronia affects IL-10 in the gut during intestinal inflammation. T cell IL-10 was determined to be essential for how aronia inhibits colonic cytokines during the development of colitis. However, aronia is able to also dampen colitis through mechanisms independent of T cell IL-10. Thus, aronia consumption exerts anti-inflammatory activity via different cellular mechanisms, which should be considered in future studies. This knowledge was published in a peer reviewed journal article, a PhD thesis, and conference presentations. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: We conducted additional experiments to understand how lymphocyte antioxidant function mediates the anti-inflammatory activity of aronia consumption. Feeding experiments were conducted in healthy mice (C57BL6) consuming aronia or the control diet (n = 7-10 per group). Additionally, we evaluated how aronia feeding affected lymphocyte antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity at 5 weeks after transfer of naïve T cells to recombinase activating gene (RAG)1-/- mice. Data collected: We collected data on lymphocyte mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), mRNA expressions of transcription factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant enzyme including glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPX2), peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), as well as expression of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR) in the spleen tissue to indicate differentiation of Treg and Th17 cells, respectively. We further evaluated the expression of cytokines interleukin (IL) IL-17, IL-6, and IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) in the spleen tissue. In the colitic and non-colitic control, we collected data on mouse body weight and colon weight/length ratios as markers of colitis. We also utilized uptake of 2′-deoxy-2′-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) to determine the site-specific levels of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, liver, and lung tissue. We collected data on the colonic antioxidant status, via activity of glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels in the spleen and colon, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid oxidation) in colon. Summary statistics and discussion of results: Experiments in healthy mice were conducted to better understand how aronia modulates antioxidant function of lymphocytes prior to the initiation of inflammation. In these experiments we found that aronia consumption reduced mitochondrial peroxide levels (n = 5/group, P < 0.05) in the MLN. In contrast, aronia did not largely alter cytokine expression, markers of T cell differentiation in the spleen. Aronia consumption did not affect antioxidant markers in the spleen. Thus the MLN appears to be an important tissue site where aronia consumption modulates antioxidant function of lymphocytes. In colitic mice, aronia berry consumption prevented inflammation along the GI tract, as well as in the spleen, liver, and lung by FDG uptake analysis (P < 0.05, n = 5-6/group). Aronia also normalized glutathione balance in the colon and increased colon glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05, n = 9-10/group). Aronia reduced mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide in the spleen (P < 0.05, n = 4-5/group), but not in the colon (P > 0.05, n = 4-5/group). Consistent with our prior results, aronia increased expression of IL-17 and IL-10 in the MLN tissue relative to the colitic control (P < 0.05). Colitis reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes and transcription factors in the MLN, including Nrf2, GCLC, GSR, GPX1, and GPX2. Aronia normalized these genes in the MLN. Aronia reduced expression of IFN and TNF in the colon (P < 0.05), consistent with the reduction of inflammation. In the colon, aronia increased expression of GPX1 relative to the colitic control group and normalized SOD2 (P < 0.05). No obvious effects on cytokine or antioxidant-relevant genes were apparent in the spleen (P > 0.05). Colitis induced increased MDA in the colon which was prevented by aronia supplementation. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Work for this objective led to a change in knowledge about how aronia consumption modulates lymphocyte antioxidant function. Aronia consumption reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress in the MLN and spleen. As described in the prior Objectives, the MLN is an important site for T cell differentiation and is important to the development of inflammation in the colon. Since antioxidant status affects T cell differentiation, these changes in antioxidant function appear to partly mediate the anti-colitic mechanism of aronia consumption. Furthermore, these results explain that aronia differentially affect antioxidant function of the colon, MLN, and spleen - key immune sites relevant to the progression of colitis. This functionality is in parallel to anti-inflammatory activity. These results will serve as a basis of a new manuscript that is currently in preparation.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Pei R, Martin DA, Liu J, Kerby R, Rey F, Smyth JA, Liu Z, Bolling BW. Dietary prevention of colitis by aronia berry is mediated through increased Th17 and Treg. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. 2018:1800985:1-11
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Martin, D. Immunomodulatory effects of aronia berries in inflammatory bowel disease. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison Dept. of Food Science. 2018.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Valdez J, Bolling B. Anthocyanins and intestinal barrier function: a review. Journal of Food Bioactives. Submitted 11/26/2018.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bolling, B. Beyond SUPERFOODS: developing sustainable products for health & wellness. Institute of Food Technologists Webinar. March, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Bolling, B. Sustainable production of foods with berry polyphenols. American Chemical Society 255th National Meeting. March 18-22, 2018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Pei R, Martin DA, Valdez J, Liu Z, Bolling BW. Aronia berry modulates cytokines and the Treg/Th17 axis in a T cell IL-10 dependent manner in adoptive transfer colitis. USDA NIFA AFRI Investigators Meeting. Boston, MA, June 8, 2018
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Progress 12/01/16 to 11/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience consisted primarily of scientists interested in functional foods, food and health, and immunology. Secondarily, consumers interested in food and health were reached. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This work has led to the professional development and training of five graduate students and two undergraduate students assisting with experiments and data analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been presented to the scientific community at five different scientific research conferences. An audio interview regarding this project was published. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our intent is to focus on experiments in Aim 3 and complete our manuscript draft and submission.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: Aronia berries are an important emerging crop in North America for health. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggest that dietary aronia berries can mitigate inflammation associated with chronic disease. Particularly, aronia berry consumption appears to be promising to inhibit development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Determining the cellular processes affected by dietary changes are needed to develop dietary recommendations for preventing chronic intestinal inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The objective of this work is to identify the means by which aronia consumption prevents the development of pro-inflammatory intestinal T cells. The results of this work to date, have led to new knowledge on the cell types and key cytokines involved in the anti-colitic activity of aronia. Thus, we have increased the knowledge of how aronia consumption prevents the initiation of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, this data impacts the understanding of how other polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables prevent chronic intestinal inflammation through modulating T cell function. Objectives: Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: During this project period, we conducted additional experiments on the anti-colitic activity of aronia consumption in mice. In this project period, we focused on earlier time points in the adoptive transfer model of colitis. Data collected: In these mouse experiments, using the adoptive transfer model of colitis, we collected outward colitic symptom scores, body weights, food intake, colon weight/length ratios, flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte populations, colonic cytokines, histopathology analysis, and immunohistochemistry analysis of colonic cell populations. Furthermore, we collected data on the polyphenol composition of freeze-dried aronia berry powder used for these studies. Summary statistics and discussion of results: Naïve T cells (CD4+CD62L+) were isolated from C57BL6/J mice and injected to recombinase activation gene-1-/- (RAG-1-/-) mice to induce colitis. Similar to experiments reported in the prior project period, consumption of 4.5% aronia berry diets prevented colitic weight loss and outward symptoms of colitis at weeks 5-7 (P < 0.05, n = 5-7 per group). At week 5 in the model, the aronia group had less colonic IL-6 and IFN-γ (P < 0.05), whereas TNFα and IL-10 were unchanged at this time point. At this same time point, the proportions of Tregs were increased in LPL, MLN, and spleenocytes relative to the colitic control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of Th17 was also increased in the LPL, but these were IL-17A+IL-10+ and IL-17A+IL-22+ cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis of colon tissue confirmed these results of Treg and Th17 changes. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: We developed new knowledge about how whole aronia berry consumption prevents colitis. This includes that: Aronia berry consumption inhibits colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines primarily at earlier weeks in the adoptive transfer model of colitis in RAG1-/- mice. Aronia berry affects levels of LPL, but not MLN Th17 populations during the progression phase of colitis in the adoptive transfer model. Induction of Tregs and anti-inflammatory populations of colonic Th17 cells are associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of aronia consumptions. These new points of knowledge have been submitted as presentations at national and international research conferences. We are presently working on drafting a manuscript describing these results. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: We conducted mouse feeding studies using healthy transgenic mice and transferred naïve T cells (CD4+CD62L+) from IL-10-/- mice. Data collected: We obtained data on colonic levels of IL-10 from healthy mice (C57BL6, RAG1-/- (lacking T & B cells), μMT (lacking B cells) that consumed the control diet or diets with 4.5% aronia. Summary statistics and discussion of results: Colonic IL-10 was not significantly increased by 4 weeks of aronia consumption in healthy mice. Functional T cell IL-10 was required for the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry. At 3 weeks after adoptive transfer, aronia consumption reduced colonic weight/length ratio in mice with wild-type naïve T cells, but not those receiving IL-10-/- cells. Colonic IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in aronia fed mice that received wild type T cells. IL-23, IL-17A, and IL-22 also tended to be reduced by aronia feeding in WT recipient mice. Cytokine inhibition by aronia feeding was absent in mice that received IL-10-/- T cells. In contrast to later weeks, aronia consumption did not increase T reg populations in the lamina propria, spleen, or MLN. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: We developed new knowledge about how the function of IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of whole aronia berry consumption. This includes that: Aronia berry consumption significantly inhibits colonic cytokines at 3 weeks after adoptive transfer of T cells. Aronia berry consumption does not broadly increase colonic IL-10 in healthy or colitic mice. T cell IL-10 is required for the anti-colitic activity upon aronia consumption in the adoptive transfer model of colitis. We are presently working on drafting a manuscript describing these results. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: We began experiments evaluating the effect of aronia consumption on antioxidant function. Data collected: Data analysis is ongoing. Summary statistics and discussion of results: Data analysis is ongoing. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: Data analysis is ongoing.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bolling B. Aronia berry: Polyphenols, anti-inflammatory activity, and lipid modulation. American Chemical Society 253rd National Meeting. April 2-6, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pei R, Martin DA, Bolling BW. Consumption of whole aronia berry powder inhibits adoptive transfer-induced colitis in mice. Experimental Biology 2017, Chicago, IL. FASEB J April 2017 31:793.21.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Bolling, B. Aronia berry consumption inhibits the onset of adoptive transfer colitis in mice by modulating colonic Th17 and Treg populations. International Society for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Jeonbuk, Korea, Oct. 22-25, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pei R, Martin DA, Bolling BW. Aronia berry consumption inhibits T cell adoptive transfer colitis in mice by modulating Th17 and Treg populations. CD1-MR1 Conference, Napa, CA. Nov. 3-7, 2017.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pei, R., Martin DA, Liu Z, Bolling BW. Aronia berry consumption inhibits colitis in mice by increasing anti-inflammatory Treg and Th17 cell populations after adoptive transfer of na�ve T cells. USDA Project Directors Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 24, 2017.
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Progress 12/01/15 to 11/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project provided training of a graduate student, postdoctoral fellow, and a visiting faculty member in immunological techniques mentored by the PI. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been submitted for presentation next term to a national research conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are planning to pursue additional experiments to complete Objective 1, particularly by assessing specific changes to T cell function at earlier stages in the colitis model. Additionally, we plan to begin experiments proposed in Objectives 2 and 3. We anticipate preparing a manuscript based on data collected for Objective 1.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Aronia berries are an important emerging crop in North America for health. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggest that dietary aronia berries can mitigate inflammation associated with chronic disease. Particularly, aronia berry consumption appears to be promising to inhibit development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Determining the cellular processes affected by dietary changes are needed to develop dietary recommendations for preventing chronic intestinal inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The objective of this work is to identify the means by which aronia consumption prevents the development of pro-inflammatory intestinal T cells. The results of this work to date, have led to new knowledge on the cell types involved in the anti-colitic activity of aronia. Thus, we have increased the knowledge of how aronia consumption prevents the initiation of intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, this data impacts the understanding of how other polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables prevent chronic intestinal inflammation through modulating T cell function. Objectives: Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Objective 1) Identify the colonic T cell populations most affected by aronia consumption during initiation and early progression of colitis using an adoptive transfer model of colitis. Major activities completed / experiments conducted: We validated the adaptive transfer colitis model in mice and refined experimental techniques via a pilot study. We also completed a larger mouse study that established that aronia consumption prevented colitic weight loss and reduced intestinal inflammation during the early progression of colitis. Data collected: Using the adoptive transfer model, we collected outward colitic symptom scores, body weights, food intake, colon weight/length ratios, flow cytometry analysis of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Summary statistics and discussion of results: Methods for adoptive transfer, tissue and cell analysis were established in the pilot study. Live CD4+CD45RBhigh cells were obtained by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) from gender and age-matched syngeneic C57BL6 mice and transferred to recombinase activating gene (RAG1-/-) mice by intraperitoneal injection. Injected RAG1-/- mice received a control diet or a diet with 4.5% w/w lyophilized 'Viking' aronia berry. The body weight of injected mice was less than the non-colitic control at 5 weeks after CD4+CD45RBhigh transfer, and was accompanied by reduced food intake. The aronia diet prevented colitic weight loss at later weeks. The mean body weight of the colitic control group decreased to 82.5% of initial body weight at wk 7, whereas at the same time point, the aronia-fed mice decreased to 93.2% of initial body weight. Intestinal inflammation in both groups was evident by noticeable increases in colon weight/length ratios compared to sham. However, the colon/length ratio of the aronia group was less than the colitic control (0.042 ± 0.008 vs. 0.058 ± 0.006 g/cm; P < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis of T cell populations collected from the MLN and LPL indicated that the Treg populations (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) in both groups of colitic mice were not different from the non-colitic control. However, the total Th17 (CD4+IL17A+) in LPL but not MLN was higher in aronia group than the control (P = 0.0216, n = 5-7/group). Finally, tissues were collected and prepared for subsequent analysis of cytokines, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Key outcomes or other accomplishments realized: We developed new knowledge about how whole aronia berry consumption prevents colitis. This includes that aronia berry inhibits wasting and colonic inflammation induced by adoptive transfer of naïve T cells to mice lacking B and T cells and affects levels of LPL, but not MLN Th17 populations during the progression phase of colitis in the adoptive transfer model. These findings have been submitted as a presentation at a national research conference. Additionally, we collected additional tissue samples for further analysis of how aronia inhibits colonic inflammation. Objective 2) Identify the function of colonic IL-10 in the anti-colitic activity of aronia berry consumption. Nothing to report this term, experiments are planned to begin next period. Objective 3) Establish which lymphocyte antioxidants are modulated by aronia consumption and prevent initiation of colitis. Nothing to report this term, experiments are planned to begin next period.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pei R, Martin D, Bolling B. Consumption of whole aronia berry powder inhbits adoptive transfer-induced colitis in mice. Experimental Biology 2017. Chicago, IL. Technical abstract.
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