Source: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
AGROCHEMICAL IMPACTS ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: MECHANISMS AND MITIGATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007555
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
WNP00372
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
W-3045
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2015
Project End Date
Aug 13, 2018
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Hebert, V.
Recipient Organization
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
240 FRENCH ADMINISTRATION BLDG
PULLMAN,WA 99164-0001
Performing Department
Food and Environmental Quality Lab
Non Technical Summary
The growing demand for food and fiber will place greater strain on agricultural production and environmental stewardship. Agrochemicals will remain fundamental as integrated pest management tools to assure an abundant food supply. Inevitably, a significant portion of applied agrochemicals may be lost to the surrounding environment, where they can adversely affect human and environmental health. The use of conventional and emerging crop protection chemistries in agricultural and urban pest management will require research on the fate and effects of agrochemicals, along with mitigation strategies, to minimize risks to humans and the environment. The WA AES along with W-3045 will enable multistate collaborations to more effectively advance and transfer science to agricultural and regulatory stakeholders, who require solutions to complex human and environmental health concerns that are beyond the scope any individual State Agricultural Experiment Station or ARS.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
71104992000100%
Knowledge Area
711 - Ensure Food Products Free of Harmful Chemicals, Including Residues from Agricultural and Other Sources;

Subject Of Investigation
0499 - Atmosphere, general/other;

Field Of Science
2000 - Chemistry;
Goals / Objectives
Develop technologies that estimate and mitigate adverse human and environmental impacts. Characterize abiotic and biotic reaction mechanisms, transformation rates, and fate in agricultural and natural ecosystems.
Project Methods
Methods for the study of agrochemical transformation (mechanisms and rates) will be collaboratively developed in certain occasions by Washington State University other particpating Land Grants and USDA-ARS W-3045 members. Under controlled laboratory and field investigations, WA and NV AES researchers will continue to assess occupational and bystander human health risks from inhalation exposure to the agriculturally important pesticides. Anticipated benefits of this collaborative research will aid multi-state public health agencies in: 1) establishing the potential human health consequences from pesticide emissions that include atmospheric breakdown products; 2) ascertain the effectiveness of recent label changes and emission reducing technologies on human health; and 3) make available a mechanism for communicating exposure risks to the community, state and federal public health agencies. NV SAE scientists in collaboration with WA SAE propose to evaluate the impacts of non-lethal agrochemical/environmental exposures of the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and clothianidin on the homing pigeon. The in-life objectives will assess effects of neonicotinoid exposure on reproduction, chick survival, and flight behavior. Analytical objectives of this study performed by the WA SAE will assess the uptake and halflife of these neonicotinoid insecticides by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS). Output from this project will provide insights into the effects of acute low-dose exposure on pigeon fertility and fetal development that can have implications for migratory avian species. WA AES research will continue to examine the possible pesticide impacts on colony health from pollen collected by foraging bees.

Progress 10/01/15 to 08/13/18

Outputs
Target Audience:The primary audience is the general public through the USDA Cooperative Regional Research Project W-3045. Washington State Experimental Station has shifted from their leading role in fumigant application technologies leading to mitigationtowards assessing purported impacts on pollinators from regional-state use of neonicotinoid insecticides in urban-ruralareas. These two areas of research--extension open opportunities for communicating with federal-state regulators,registrants, growers, and the public agrochemical impacts on human and environmental health and mechanisms for mitigation. Changes/Problems:Project Director has left Washington State University. No data to report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Project Director has left Washington State University. No data to report. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project Director has left Washington State University. No data to report. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Project Director has left Washington State University. No data to report.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Project Director has left Washington State University. No data to report.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The primary audience is the general public through the USDA Cooperative Regional Research Project W-3045. Washington State Experimental Station has shifted from their leading role in fumigant application technologies leading to mitigation towards assessing purported impacts on pollinators from regional-state use of neonicotinoid insecticides in urban -rural areas. These two areas of research--extension open opportunities for communicating with federal-state regulators, registrants, growers, and the public agrochemical impacts on human and environmental health and mechanisms for mitigation. Changes/Problems:Project Director has retired. No data to report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Project Director has retired. No data to report. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project Director has retired. No data to report. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Project Director has retired. No data to report.

    Publications


      Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

      Outputs
      Target Audience:The primary audience is the general public through the USDA Cooperative Regional Research Project W-3045. Washington State Experimental Station has shifted from their leading role in fumigant application technologies leading to mitigation towards assessing purported impacts on pollinators from regional-state use of neonicotinoid insecticides in urban -rural areas. These two areas of research--extension open opportunities for communicating with federal-state regulators, registrants, growers, and the public agrochemical impacts on human and environmental health and mechanisms for mitigation. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Assessing Agrochemical Toxicity-Exposure to Humans & Communicating Risks: One graduate student received his MS. Effects of Agrochemicals on Pollinators: Two technicians and Three undergraduates have received laboratory training for assessing pesticide residues on beehive materials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from both areas have been widely disseminated through publication in the peer-reviewed literature and presentations given at various regional, state, national, and international venues in 2016. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? Assessing Agrochemical Toxicity-Exposure to Humans & Communicating Risks: Off-target soil fumigant emissions remain a primary source of inhalation exposure to individuals & communities at urban/agricultural interfaces. The combined efforts from W-2045 state AES (UC-Riverside, FL, WA) & USDA-ARS research have advanced & put into practice containment technologies that appreciably reduce off-target fumigant movement while providing efficacious soil-borne pathogen/nematode control. These improvements in soil fumigant retention has led to substantial reduction of state & national no treatment buffer zones preserving production acreage while benefiting growers & protecting human & environmental health. Inhalation exposure concerns, however, are not limited to the parent fumigant; atmospheric transformation products are sometimes more toxic. We have conducted basic research and developed air sampling systems to measure toxicologically relevant fumigant by-products in air. This research will aid multi-state public health agencies for ascertaining the effectiveness of putative fumigant emission reducing technologies for human health & make available a mechanism for communicating fumigant exposure risks to the community. In 2016, a publication on the influence of temperature on the fumigant MITC was published by our group. Effects of Agrochemicals on Pollinators: Pollinator health will remain an on-going US concern among beekeepers, regulatory agencies, & the public. Although there is no consensus about the cause or combination of causes for Colony Collapse Disorder, certain agricultural pesticides that include the nitroguanidine-substituted neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, & dinotefuran have been implicated as contributing to colony losses. We have examined neonicotinoid residues in/on important hive materials (brood wax & stored pollen from bee hives collected in over 150 landscape locations throughout Washington State. This research was published in 2016 and on-going research will increase our understanding of field relevant residue exposures to foraging honey bees that predominately visit vegetation in urban & rural landscapes.

      Publications

      • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Zhou Lu, Vince Hebert, Glenn Miller. Laboratory Measured Emission Losses of Methyl Isothiocyanate at Pacific Northwest Soil Surface Fumigation Temperatures. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology DOI 10.1007/s00128-016-1993-2, 2016.
      • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: T.J. Lawrence, E. Culbert, A.S. Felsot, V. Hebert, W.S. Sheppard. Survey and Risk Assessment of Apis mellifora Exposure to Neonicotinoid Pesticides in Urban, Rural and Agricultural Setting, Journal of Economic Entomology, doi: 10.1093/jee/tov397