Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:Growers, shippers, packers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers of Hawaii's fresh fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Also impacts will be other scientists and extension personnel that work in these research areas. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trained visiting graduate student from Kyoto University on tropical fruit production. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes to both growers, packer, wholesaler and other researcher worldwide. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Pineapple Fruit were harvested every fortnight at the commercial harvest stage since 2018 January and evaluated for fruit quality including translucency. Peaks of fruit translucency generally appeared in the January to March period. A major occurrence in both incidence and severity of translucency that from a commercial marketing led to the loss of more than 50% of the fruit in some harvests. In a field trial, we looked at what was the impact of slips and crowns on fruit development including translucency. This was repeated three time in different season. Crown loss had a significantly higher translucency than slip removal indicating a role of photosynthetate on translucency occurrence via changes in fruit temperature with the loss of the crown and the other is the loss of growth sink. Transgenic plants with flowering control were selected based on antisense ACC synthetase. We sequency the apex and basal leaf transcriptome following forcing with Ethephon. The data is still being analyzed with genes required for flowering and floral identity genes being expressed in he expected temporal pattern. miRNA are also involved in this process. Papaya Significant up regulation of endotransglycosylase/hydrolases, in addition, to endoxylanase early as the fruit soften with endogalacturonase appear during the latter phase of fruit ripening. The difficulty with endotransglycosylase/hydrolases is the difficulty in measuring activity. Currently, this is done using radioactive glucose and polysaccharide separation followed by identification of labelled polysaccharides. Another cell wall degrading enzyme potentially involved in papaya softening are pectin lyase that use beta-elimination and not hydrolysis to break the glyosidic bond directly of methylated polygalacturonase. The pattern of ethylene related genes also suggests a potential explanation of the seemly two-phase ripening in papaya and the disruption of ripening by the ethylene receptor antagonist 1-methylcyclopropene. We have four lines that have slow ripening and others that are firmer when fully ripe and are still easily eaten with a spoon. Jasmonic acid if applied before the fruit is ~25% yellow delays fruit softening and leads to rubbery fruit as found for fruit treated at the same stage with 1-methylcyclopropene. Jasmonic acid also depresses the respiratory rise though it is not as clear whether the ethylene production is restricted or spread out over a longer period. Tropical Fruit Published four extension bulletins on postharvest handling of. Low Chill Peaches Evaluated weather data from the various sites and forwarded it to the project PI. Vegetables Moringa leaflet shed during shipping can be significant reduced by in-carton treatment with 1-MCP following irradiation for insect disinfestation. Provided postharvest advise to shippers on handling and reducing losses. Ornamentals No activities
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Ketsa, S., Wisutiamonkul, A., Palapol, Y. and Paull, R.E. (2019). The Durian: Botany, Horticulture and Utilization. Horticulture Reviews 47, 125-211.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Chen, N.J. (2019) Pineapple. In. Freitas, S. T., and Pareek, S. (Eds) Postharvest physiology disorders of fruits and vegetables. Pp. 513-527. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Oliveira, J.G., Morales, L.M.M., Silva, W.B., Gomes Filho, A., and Paull, R.E. (2019) Papaya. In. Freitas, S. T., and Pareek, S. (Eds) Postharvest physiology disorders of fruits and vegetables. Pp. 467-493. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Chen, L.-Y., R. VanBuren, M. Paris, H. Zhou, X. Zhang, C. M. Wai, H. Yan, S. Chen, M. Alonge, S. Ramakrishnan, Z. Liao, J. Liu, J. Lin, J. Yue, M. Fatima, Z. Lin, J. Zhang, L. Huang, H. Wang, T.-Y. Hwa, S.-M. Kao, J. Y. Choi, A. Sharma, J. Song, L. Wang, W. C. Yim, J. C. Cushman, R. E. Paull, T. Matsumoto, Y. Qin, Q. Wu, J. Wang, Q. Yu, J. Wu, S. Zhang, P. Boches, C.-W. Tung, M.-L. Wang, G. Coppens dEeckenbrugge, G. M. Sanewski, M. D. Purugganan, M. C. Schatz, J. L. Bennetzen, C. Lexer and R. Ming. (2019). The bracteatus pineapple genome and domestication of clonally propagated crops. Nature Genetics DOI 10.1038/s41588-019-0506-8. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0506-8.pdf
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Kotepong, P., Paull, R.E., and Ketsa, S. (2019) Anthocyanin accumulation and differential gene expression in wild-type and mutant of Saraek Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense) fruit during growth and ripening. Biologia Plantarum 63, 710-720.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Chen, N.J. (2019) Overall Dragon Fruit Production And Global Marketing. pp1-9. In. Y2019 FFTC and VAAS-SOFRI joint workshop. Dragon Fruit Network: Marketing and the Whole Value Chain . and Steering Committee Meeting, My Tho city, Vietnam, September 9 to 11, 2019. Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Food & Fertilizer Technogy Center, and Southern Horticultural Research Institute.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Love, K., Gasik, L. and Paull, R.E. (2019). Durian. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops, F_N-53. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/F_N-53.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wong, K., Motomura, S. and Paull, R.E. (2018). Postharvest Handling and Food Safety Layers of Protection. Food Safety and Technology Series. FST-66.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Guill�n, F., Chen, N.J., Uruu, G. and Paull, R.E. (2018). Methyl jasmonate as postharvest treatment enhances quality of pineapple during storage at ambient temperature. POST18 XII Simposio Nacional y Iberico de Maduracion y Postsecha, Badajoz 2018 June 4 -7 Poster S2-P11.
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Growers, shippers, packer, wholesaler, retailers and consumers of Hawaii's fresh fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Also impacts will be other scientists and extension personnel that work in these research areas. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been distributed via peer-reviewed papers, conference proceeding and extension publications. Presentations have also been made to local industry grower groups. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our new papaya planting will provide adequate fruit for studying the impact of plant volatiles on papaya fruit ripening. Complete sequencing of pineapple fruit apexes following flower induction with ethylene and compare data to other flower induction models. This analysis has presented new challenges as we attempt to bring together both transcriptome and small RNA expression in induced and non-induced plants in the fortnight after induction. We are working with colleagues in Thailand and Malaysia to complete specialty invited chapters on Durian and Papaya, respectively. These chapter will cover postharvest quality, handling and fruit physiology. A draft is completed of the Durian Chapter and a first draft should be finished for the papaya early next year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Pineapple Domestication of clonally propagated crops was hypothesized as a single step (one generation) operation. Seventy-eight cultivated and 11 wild pineapple accessions we resequenced to investigate its domestication history. Ananas comosus cultivars exhibit a complex history of ancient and recent admixture. The widespread lack of mitotic selection signals suggests that pineapple domestication have been mainly through sexual reproduction. Two tightly linked candidate genes were identified for gametophytic self-incompatibility. Our findings challenge conventional view of domestication in clonally propagated crops, and few, if any, fit the definition of one-step operation. 1. Using biotechnology and management strategies to minimize precocious flowering. The original eleven Antisense ACC synthetase lines were planted out in the field in 2015 and commenced flowering in 2016. The lines that flowered were killed at first sign of the flower bud forming. The plants from lines that did not flower were induced to flower with Ethephon (2016 July) and the flower bud gouged. Shoots and slips from the remaining four lines were replanted in early 2017 and evaluated 2018 Spring. One line did not flower and two lines showered delayed flowering. The last line flowered along with the wild type transformed line. 2. Determine the factors that control the sugar/acid ratio in the new low acid varieties. Nothing to report on this objective. We are sampling fruit from field that are being commercially harvested to determine the environmental impact on fruit acidity and sugar level. This approach was prompted by an apparent varietal difference noted in previous trials response to the environment. We are also tracking fruit translucency that is showing a distinctly different seasonal pattern of occurrence. This sampling will continue into mid-2019. We are evaluating our fruit development transcriptome sequence data looking particularly for confirmation as to what systems are involved in sugar and acid metabolism as the fruit approach maturity. This is ongoing in collaboration with Illinois and Fujian, we are first assisting in looking in difference in the genome and the evolution of pineapple fruit. A manuscript for the journal Cell is being submitted this month. 3. Determine the importance of different preharvest factors that influence postharvest fruit quality. Fruit yield is reduced because non-quantified variation (size, physiological and morphological characteristics) in planting material results in relatively large numbers of small plants which produce fruit of insufficient size to be of commercial value, both in the plant crop and the ratoon. The PRI 73-50 (MD-1) can produce from 0 to 12 or more slips per plant but do not readily produce new roots when planted into the field. PRI73-50 poor rooting leading to transplanting "shock" and excessive dehydration that can delay establishment by two to four weeks. We have continued to look for treatments that will increase the rooting rate and number without success beyond that describe in last year's report. 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) are continued to be evaluated as management tools to reduced field losses and schedule field management practices. Addition data was collected and used to submit a revised SBIR proposal. Papaya 1. Develop, via backcrossing and selection, varieties that possess slow ripening traits and have commercial potential. A papaya field is coming into production and out postharvest studies are now back on-track. The severe pig attack on our old planting put us at least 12 months behind with many trees dying from pig injury related disease. We are currently evaluating the segregating lines for those with virus resistance and slow ripening. 2. Determine the role and regulation of cell wall degrading enzymes in ripening related fruit softening. We are still analyzing fruit ripening transcriptome data and waiting on the chromosome bases annotation to publish these results. Preliminary evaluation of our two ripening runs is showing very different cell wall metabolism than that reported for other fruit such as tomato. The most curious feature is the significant up regulation of endotransglycosylase/hydrolases as the fruit soften. Two pectin lyases genes are also up-regulated during fruit ripening. The pattern of ethylene related genes also give a potential explanation of the seemly two phase ripening in papaya and the disruption of ripening by the ethylene receptor antagonist 1-methylcyclopopene. 3. Determine the relationship between the physiological effects of the insect disinfestation irradiation treatment on fruit ripening and ethylene. No activity 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new postharvest problems as they arise. Reports have been received about flesh bitterness and water soaking. Both disorders have been reported previously and appear to be seasonal in occurrence. We have written with our Brazilian colleague a chapter covering all papaya fruit disorders this will be published in 2019. Tropical Fruit 1. Develop, in conjunction with industry, suitable postharvest handling protocols for fruit export. No activity 2. Prepare and distribute extension publications on the postharvest handling and physiology of tropical fruit. Prepared a publication on food safety and "Layers of Protection" concept in handling of fruit fruits and vegetables. 3. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. No activity Low Chill Peaches 1. Identify low-chill peach varieties suitable for Hawaii's different microclimates. This work is ongoing with current role to assist in collecting the meteorological data from the test plantings 2. Evaluate the quality and postharvest life of varieties showing the most promise. Insufficient fruit available at this stage of the project for postharvest evaluation Vegetables 1. Develop an assay for taro acridity. Leaf sheaths of Bing Lang taro were harvested and the very young leaves were collected. Thin layers of tissues were collected from the apical meristem region of the young leaves. Taro gene specific primers were synthesized based on the partial taro raphide sequences. These primers are being used to try and amplify the 5' and 3' ends of cDNA. However, multiple RACE PCR products were observed in the PCR reaction though no single distinct band was obtained though not for a taro potential acridity sequences. 2. Assist agents and industry in finding solutions to postharvest handling problems. No activity 3. Determine the influence of preharvest environment and production methods on postharvest quality. No activity Ornamentals 1. Assist industry in developing new handling practices to assure Hawaii exports a high quality product. No activity 2. Determine the factors that reduce quality and evaluate practices that maintain product quality. No activity
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Uthairatanakij, A., Jitareerat, P., and Paull, R.E. 2018. Pp 339 - 376. In. Galán Saúco, V. and Ping, L. (eds.), Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Mangoes. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing. Cambridge, UK. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351114431
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Chen, C-C. 2018. Postharvest Physiology, Handling, and Storage of Pineapple. p295- 323. In. Garth M. Sanewski, Duane P. Bartholomew and Robert E. Paull, (Editors), The Pineapple 2nd Edition Botany, Production and Uses. 336 pages, CABI, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995038.0253
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Cho, A., Chen, N., and Paull, R.E. 2016. Modification of Production Systems for Year-round Marketing. Acta Horticulturae. 1205: 191-202
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Guillén, F., Chen, N.J., Uruu, G., and Paull, R.E. 2018. Methyl jasmonate as postharvest treatment enhances quality of pineapple during storage at ambient temperature. POST18 XII Simposio Nacional y Iberico de Maduracion y Postsecha, Badajoz 2018 June 4 -7 Poster S2-P11.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Chen, N.J. 2018. Postharvest Losses and Safety of Fruits and Vegetables for Enhanced Sustainability. (Abstract) International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture for Rural Development 2018 (ICSARD-2018), 19-20 October 2018, Purwokerto-Indonesia.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Wong, K., Motomura, S., and Paull, R.E. 2018. Postharvest Handling and Food Safety ⿿ Layers of Protection. Food Safety and Technology Series. FST-66. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/FST-66.pdf
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Growers, shippers, packer, wholesaler, retailers and consumers of Hawaii's fresh fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Alsoimpacts will be other scientists and extension personnel that work in these research areas. Changes/Problems:Problems were experience in our bulk papaya field planting due to pig damage that delayed fruitproduction and increase tree disease. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Hosted student from Honduras for four months who carried out research on the impact of crowns and slips on pineapple fruit quality. Mentored undergraduate and graduate students with their projects as it relates to tropical commodities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentation was given to Tropical Fruit Growers on tree management and food safety systems. Presentation at ASHS Annual Conference on tropical fruit production in Hawaii. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue current research directions.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Pineapple 1. Using biotechnology and management strategies to minimize precocious flowering. The original eleven Antisense ACC synthetase lines were planted out in the field in 2015 and commenced flowering in 2016. The plants from lines that did not flower were induced to flower with Ethephon (2016 July) and the flower bud gouged. Shoots and slips from these remaining four lines were replanted in early 2017 and will be evaluated 2018 Spring. 2. Determine the factors that control the sugar/acid ratio in the new low acid varieties. Removal of the fruit crown has been shown to have variable impact on fruit quality. Sometimes, there is an increase in fruit size, and sugar and acid levels. In April when the fruit were at the fruit expansion stages and after slip development had started, crowns and slips were removed in a randomized complete block design. Crown removal but not slip removal increase final fruit size with control fruit and fruit where slips were removed maturing sooner. Flesh translucency was higher in fruit from control plants and plants from which the slips were removed. Acidity was lower in fruit with both the crown and slips were removed. Crown and slip removal had no impact on total soluble solids. 3. Determine the importance of different preharvest factors that influence postharvest fruit quality. PRI 73-114 crowns and slips produced more and longer roots in three weeks than PRI 73-50). Larger slips (~150 - 170 g) in both clones also produced more and longer roots than small slips (~75 - 90 g). No correlation was found between slip weight and number of Type 1 root number though a relationship did exist between slip weight the length of the new Type III roots. The number of Type I was negatively related to the number of new Type III roots with no relationship to growth. Similarly, the number of Type I was correlated to the number of Type II roots. The impact of slip size on rooting showed an increasing number of new roots with increasing slip weight. The smallest slips (~100 g) had considerable shorter roots compared to medium (~165 g) and larger (~270 g) slips. Delaying slip harvest after fruit harvest increased both new root number and root length. Slips that were green with red coloration consistently had a greater number of roots developed that were longer. We can find no pattern in the mineral composition of these slip's leaves or stems. Slips that were green with red are lower in nitrogen in both the leaves and stem with the stem also being lower in phosphorus and iron. Stripping the lower ten bracts from slips increased the number of new roots and their root length. Stripping the bracts then wrapping the end with stretch wrap and masking tape reduces both the root number and length below the non-stripped control. Wrapping slips when the bracts were not removed had no effect on new root number, though wrapping did reduce new root length about 10% compared to the unwrapped control. Numerous treatments that included plant growth regulators, sugars, mineral nutrients, other stimulants and nutrients were evaluated. No treatment gave consistent increases in root number or length. A number of treatments gave inhibition in root number and/or root length. 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. For pineapple, natural flowering affects fruit development and quality, and impacts harvest scheduling and timing. Pineapple growers use chemicals to induce floweringso that most plants within a field produce fruit of high quality ready to harvest at about the same time. The ideal situation would be for a grower to harvest the entire field in one pass, significantly increasing productivity and reducing or eliminating the cost of additional harvesting passes. This ideal single pass harvest does occur when there is little spatial and temporal variation in flowering. Environment conditions can lead to precocious flowering that lead to fruit maturing over a number of weeks. This fruit maturation variation means that multiple harvest passes are needed significantly increasing production costs. The determination of the extent of uneven flowering in a block cannot be done reasonably by human observation from the periphery of the field. In our preliminary drone flights were have shown that in the near infrared, the inflorescences stand out as lighter color. We have also found that field establishment and irrigation issues are readily seen using near infrared photography. This data has been used to submit an SBIR grant with a private company with expertise in drone image analysis. Papaya 1. Develop, via backcrossing and selection, varieties that possess slow ripening traits and have commercial potential. A severe pig attack on our new planting put us nearly 8 months behind and since we lost a number of trees limited our ability to carry out postharvest studies. We have continued to cross and select the slow ripening line unto SunUp and selecting for virus resistant slow ripening lines. 2. Determine the role and regulation of cell wall degrading enzymes in ripening related fruit softening. We are still analyzing fruit ripening transcriptome data and waiting on the chromosome bases annotation to publish these results 3. Determine the relationship between the physiological effects of the insect disinfestation irradiation treatment on fruit ripening and ethylene. No activity 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new postharvest problems as they arise. No activity Tropical Fruit 1. Develop, in conjunction with industry, suitable postharvest handling protocols for fruit export. No activity 2. Prepare and distribute extension publications on the postharvest handling and physiology of tropical fruit. Prepared one publication on tropical fruit propagation 3. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. No activity Low Chill Peaches 1. Identify low-chill peach varieties suitable for Hawaii's different microclimates. This work is ongoing with current role to assist in collecting the meteorological data from the test plantings 2. Evaluate the quality and postharvest life of varieties showing the most promise. Insufficient fruit available at this stage of the project for postharvest evaluation Vegetables 1. Develop an assay for taro acridity. Leaf sheaths of Bing Lang taro were harvested and the very young leaves were collected. Thin layers of tissues were collected from the apical meristem region of the young leaves. Tissue were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground into powder. Total RNA was isolated with Invitrogen Plant RNA Purification Reagent (Invitrogen). Extracted RNA was analyzed with Bio-analyzer to check the quality of RNA before sending out for sequencing. Message RNA was isolated from total RNA using NucleoTrap mRNA MiniKit (Clontech) and used to synthesized RACE-ready cDNA with known priming sites on each end. Taro gene specific primers were synthesized based on the partial taro raphide sequences. These primers were used to amplify the 5' and 3' ends of cDNA. Multiple RACE PCR products were observed in the PCR reaction. No single distinct band was obtained. To eliminate non-specific amplification and increase sensitivity and specificity, nested PCR were performed. From nested PCR, A single band was isolated and cloned. Unfortunately, the sequence of the clone showed high homology to histone and not one of the taro potential acridity sequences. 2. Assist agents and industry in finding solutions to postharvest handling problems. No activity 3. Determine the influence of preharvest environment and production methods on postharvest quality. No activity Ornamentals 1. Assist industry in developing new handling practices to assure Hawaii exports a high quality product. No activity 2. Determine the factors that reduce quality and evaluate practices that maintain product quality. No activity
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Radovich, T., A. Ahmad, N. Hue, K-H. Wang, T. Silvasy, J. Uyeda, J. Sugano, I. Gurr, C. Gangiah and R. Paull. 2017. Optimizing local, organic compliant fertilizers for vegetable production in a crowded island environment. ASHS Annual Conference, Sept. 19-22, 2017. Waikoloa, HI.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
K. Love, R.E. Paull, A. Cho and A. Kawabata. 2017. Tropical Fruit Tree Propagation Guide. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops March 2017, F_N-49. https://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/F_N-49.pdf
- Type:
Books
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Lobo, M.G. and R.E. Paull. 2017. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom. 263 pp.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
A.A. Ahmad, T.J.K. Radovich, H.V. Nguyen, J. Uyeda, A. Arakaki, J. Cadby, R. Paull, J. Sugano and G. Teves. 2016. Use of Organic Fertilizers to Enhance Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, and Yield in a Tropical Environment. In."Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes" Editors Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski, InTech, Open Access. ISBN 978-953-51-2450-4, Print ISBN 978-953-51-2449-8.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Paull, R.E., D.P. Bartholomew, and C-C. Chen. 2017. Pineapple breeding and production practices. pg 16 - 38. In. Lobo, M.G. and R.E. Paull. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Paull, R.E., N.J. Chen, and P. Saradhuldhat. 2017.Pineapple harvesting and postharvest handling. pg 89 - 107. In. Lobo, M. G. and R. E. Paull. Handbook of Pineapple Technology. Production, postharvest science, processing and nutrition. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Tiyayon, C. and R.E. Paull. 2017. Mango Production. pp 17 - 35. In. Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science, Processing Technology and Nutrition. M. Siddiq (Ed), J.K. Brecht & J.S. Sidhu (Assoc. Eds.). Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
R.E. Paull, Na.J. Chen, R. Ming, C.M. Wai, N. Shirley, J. Schwerdt, and V. Bulone. 2016. Carbon Flux and Carbohydrate Gene Families in Pineapple. Tropical Plant Biology 9, 200-213.
|
Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Growers, shippers, packers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers of Hawaii's fresh fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Also impacts will be other scientists and extension personnel that work in these research areas. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Hosted faculty member from Spain for six months who carried out research on use of natural compounds to extend postharvest life of pineapple. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A presentation was given to Tropical Fruit Growers on tree management systems. An International presentation on year round production was given in Cairns, Australia. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue current research directions.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Pineapple 1. Using biotechnology and management strategies to minimize precocious flowering. The seventeen original transgenic lines of ACS antisense lines have been pared down to four these showed significant delay in flowering and all flowered when treated with Ethephon in mid-July. The slips and shoots from the plants in these four lines have been replanted in our approved secure area. The replanting will be evaluated during the next cool season with shorter days. Variation between different plants within one transgenic lines was noticed and this may allow futher selection in the next round. All of the buffer row of non-transgenic 73-114 flowered while 20% of the &3-50 buffer row plants did not. These plants are being further evaluated. Based upon the 73-50 flowering results we have two block in a grower's field to evaluate field variation in natural flowering during the December to March period. Plants that do not flower in this period will be forced later in the year and planting material (slips) will be taken to plant in another separate block to see whether their tolerance to natural flowering induction is maintained. 2. Determine the factors that control the sugar/acid ratio in the new low acid varieties. No major activity during this reporting period. Preharvest applications of potassium during late fruit does impact sugar to acids ratio though the results are somewhat variable. We are attempting to determine the source of this variability. We did show that the sugar/acid meter marketed by Atago is a useful field tool though variable levels of potassium in the juice can impacts the results obtained. 3. Determine the importance of different preharvest factors that influence postharvest fruit quality. We have collecting preliminary data on the effect of low and high temperatures on the development "Prickly Eye" and high temperatures on misshapen fruit, poor crown development and fruit sunburn. High temperatures often lead to poor fruit development if it occurs late flowering early fruit development when expansion takes place. These high temperature during crown development can lead to the death of the crown apex and no further crown development or multiple crowns on one fruit. Fruit surface temperatures and easily reach 50oC on the direct exposed side in the early afternoon on low wind days for upwards of two hours with the shaded side being 15oC cooler. 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. Slips are used as planting material. The variety widely grown variety (MD1, 73-50) has a history of slow establishment with poor root numbers and slow growth of roots.. We have tried numerous potential commercial treatments to enhance rooting with little success. Larger slips with deeper green colour root faster, none of the treatments have given us consistent of rooting rate and numbers. The same problem of poor rooting exists with a number of ornamental Bromeliads species. Papaya 1. Develop, via backcrossing and selection, varieties that possess slow ripening traits and have commercial potential. We have continued to focus of incorporating ring-spot virus resistance into our slow ripening lines. We have also sampled mesocarp from the slow ripening lines for transcriptome analysis and are awaiting the sequence data to be received. 2. Determine the role and regulation of cell wall degrading enzymes in ripening related fruit softening. The convergent evolution of fleshy fruit development and ripening presents some unique scientific questions. Samples have been taken from various stages of abscission and fruit ripening for transcriptome analysis to find parallels in modules in gene expression during these two similar physiological phenomena. Data is currently being analyzed. 3. Determine the relationship between the physiological effects of the insect disinfestation irradiation treatment on fruit ripening and ethylene. No activity during this reporting period. 4. Assist industry to find solutions to new postharvest problems as they arise. We have continued to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid in delaying fruit ripening. Experiments to experiments variation appears to be related to the stage of ripeness when jasmonic acid is applied. We cannot at this stage recommend its use postharvest to delay ripening Tropical Fruit 1. Develop, in conjunction with industry, suitable postharvest handling protocols for fruit export. No activity in this reporting period. 2. Prepare and distribute extension publications on the postharvest handling and physiology of tropical fruit. Extension bulletin produced in 2014 and 2015 were distributed via the web and directly when enquires were received. 3. Assist industry to find solutions to new problems as they arise. No activity in this reporting period. Low Chill Peaches 1. Identify low-chill peach varieties suitable for Hawaii's different microclimates. This work is ongoing with current role to assist in collecting the meteorological data from the test plantings 2. Evaluate the quality and postharvest life of varieties showing the most promise. Insufficient fruit available at this stage of the project for postharvest evaluation. Vegetables 1. Develop an assay for taro acridity. This reporting period we have continued to characterize the proteins associated with the raphides. Of the 22 peptides for which we have sequence data four are tagged in allergen databases as being potential human allergens. We are currently isolating full length cDNAs to these potential allergens based on full length sequence data from our apex transcriptome. In the next reporting period, we expect to express these cDNAs in a yeast system and produce peptides to be evaluated for acridity. If these are acrid we will produce antibdies to use in an assay. 2. Assist agents and industry in finding solutions to postharvest handling problems. No activity in this reporting period. 3. Determine the influence of preharvest environment and production methods on postharvest quality. No activity in this reporting period. Ornamentals 1. Assist industry in developing new handling practices to assure Hawaii exports a high quality product. No activity in this reporting period. 2. Determine the factors that reduce quality and evaluate practices that maintain product quality. No activity in this reporting period.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Ming R, VanBuren R, Wai CM, Tang H, Schatz MC, Bowers JE, Lyons E, Wang M-L, Chen J, Biggers E, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang L, Miao W, Zhang J, Ye Z, Miao C, Lin Z, Wang H, Zhou H, Yim WC, Priest HD, Zheng C, Woodhouse M, Edger PP, Guyot R, Guo H-B, Guo H, Zheng G, Singh R, Sharma A, Min X, Zheng Y, Lee H, Gurtowski J, Sedlazeck FJ, Harkess A, McKain MR, Liao Z, Fang J, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Hu W, Qin Y, Wang K, Chen L-Y, Shirley N, Lin Y-R, Liu L-Y, Hernandez AG, Wright CL, Bulone V, Tuskan GA, Heath K, Zee F, Moore PH, Sunkar R, Leebens-Mack JH, Mockler T, Bennetzen JL, Freeling M, Sankoff D, Paterson AH, Zhu X, Yang X, Smith JAC, Cushman JC, Paull RE, Yu Q (2015) The pineapple genome and the evolution of CAM photosynthesis. Nature Genetics 45, 1435 - 1442.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Phetsirikoon, S., Paull, R.E., Chen, N., Ketsa, S., and van Doorn, W.G. 2015. Increased hydrolase gene expression and hydrolase activity in the abscission zone involved in chilling-induced abscission of Dendrobium flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 117: 217-229
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Paull, R.E., Chen, N.J., Ming, R., Wai, C.M., Shirley, N., Schwerdt, J., and Bulone, V. 2016. Carbon Flux and Carbohydrate Gene Families in Pineapple. Tropical Plant Biology 9, 200-213
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Ketsa, S. 2015. Coconut: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops March 2015 F_N-45
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Ahmad, A.A., Radovich, T.J.K., Nguyen, H.V., Uyeda, J., Arakaki, A., Cadby, J., Paull, R., Sugano, J., and Teves, G. 2016. Use of Organic Fertilizers to Enhance Soil Fertility, Plant Growth, and Yield in a Tropical Environment. In."Organic Fertilizers - From Basic Concepts to Applied Outcomes" Editors Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski, InTech, Open Access. ISBN 978-953-51-2450-4, Print ISBN 978-953-51-2449-8
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Tiyayon, C. and Paull, R.E. 2015. Chapter 2. Mango Production. In: Handbook of Mango Fruit: Production, Postharvest Science and Processing Technology, Muhammad Siddiq and Jeff Brecht (editors). Wiley-Blackwell Punishing Co.
- Type:
Books
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Duarte, O. and Paull, R.E. 2015. Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World. CAB International, Wallingford, England. 342 pp.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Growers, shippers, packers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers of Hawaii's fresh fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Also impacts will be other scientists and extension personnel that work in these research areas. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided two opportunities for professional develop by being invited speakers at an ISHS meeting on postharvest in Cambodia and visiting professor in King Monkut University in Thailand. At both venues we presented our results and obtained useful feed-back. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The target of my research and extension efforts has been my research peers in plant sciences. This effort has been in the field of horticulture production, and postharvest quality, physiology and handling. Extension material has been prepared and published, and formal and informal meetings have been had with growers and handlers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will complete the phenotypic characterization of our transgenic pineapple lines planted in the field as to their natural flowering control. The field trials on translucency and fruit acidity control will be extended. The annotation of the pineapple genome expressed sequences will be completed with our international collaborators and transcriptome analysis of ethylene induced apical gene expression will be determined.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Papaya We are continuing the backcross program to bring the virus resistance into our slow-ripening papaya lines. This process involves selecting for virus resistance marker (GUS), slow ripening trait and low summer sterility. We are now at back-cross two. During this reporting period, we have continued to try and explain the variability in the result from the treatment of papaya fruit with jasmonic acid. Jasmonic acid, reported to delay soften, have given variable results in our tests. The variability seems tied to the stage of internal, as opposed to external, stage of fruit maturity and ripening. The external and internal stages are not coordinated and vary with season. When jasmonic acid is treated at an early stage then it does delay softening similar to what we found with 1-MCP and this might limit its commercial utility. Pineapple Eleven transgenic lines with anti-sense ACC synthase to reduce natural flowering are being evaluated in the field. Plants in four of the eleven lines have flowered naturally and were killed as required by our protocol. The plants have reached full size and if flowering has not been control would be expected to flower in the March to April period of 2015. This screening for plants that do not flower under natural conditions show provide us with potential commercial lines that we will try to induce later in 2016. In the last reporting period, we installed five trials to determine if preharvest calcium and potassium sprays would alter the occurrence of fruit flesh translucency and alter the fruit acid levels. Since translucency is a episodic event most of our tests fell outside of the peaks in occurrence though the data suggested that calcium did reduce the incidence of translucency. Potassium application even close to the harvest date did have fruit with higher fruit acid levels. A commercial difficulty is the determination of fruit acidity in the field. We evaluated a new simple instrument that measures fruit juice conductivity and refractive index. The conductivity gives a measure of acidity as long as the fruit inorganic cation concentrations are similar. The refractive index reading provides a good measure of total soluble solids which are mainly sugars. The instrument was recommended for field use on pineapple. The pineapple family contains mainly epiphytes and some pineapple lines show poor rooting ability and hence poorer establishment. Though there are numerous root primordia in the leaf axils that are involved in water and nutrient uptake few rarely grow into normal roots. Our data have shown that larger slips root better than smaller propagules and that the later the slips are harvest after fruit harvest the better the rooting ability. Plant growth regulators have not shown any significant response in inducing greater rooting. Tropical Fruit No research activity during this reporting period. We did release five updated postharvest handling guides on tropical fruits, vegetables and spices. In the previous reporting period we released nine tropical fruit postharvest guidelines that are available on-line. Low Chill Peaches Field flowering and fruit data is being collected along with field temperature data. Data is now available for one full season. Vegetables - Taro This year we released an update taro postharvest handling guideline bulletin. This bulletin is available on-line. The focus on the taro acridity during this reporting period was further mass-spectroscopy (MS) analysis of peptides separated from purified taro raphides. The sequence data obtained from this MS analysis was combined with apical meristem transcriptome sequence data that we generated. This combined data allowed us to start isolating full length clones of selected raphide peptides using unique primers. The selection of the peptides was based upon whether the peptides were position on allergen data-bases. Some of the raphide peptides were shown to have significant sequence homology to known allergens such as actin, profilin, ragweed and ATPase. The full length cDNA for these selected proteins will allow us to express the proteins in bacterial and/or yeast systems to verify that they are allergens then produce antibodies as a potential screening assay. Ornamentals In a collaborative project we Thailand researchers we have been looking into how chilling injury develops in dendrobium orchids and leads to floret abscision. The abscission zone (AZ) activities of pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), b-1,4 glucanase (cellulase, CEL) and b-galactosidase (b-GAL) increased after exposure to 5°C.. Treatment with 1-MCP reduced abscission in both flowers and floral buds. 1-MCP also prevented an increase in the activities of PME, PG, CEL and b-GAL in the AZ. It was concluded that chilling-induced abscission was mediated by ethylene, that induced gene expression and increased the activity of cell wall hydrolases. The high correlation between abscission and gene expression of b-GALand CEL suggests that they were involved relatively early and again in late stages of abscission. The role of PME and PG was less clear, but they were possibly involved in the abscission.
Publications
- Type:
Books
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Duarte, O. and Paull, R.E. 2015. Exotic Fruits and Nuts of the New World. CAB International, Wallingford, England. 342 pp.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Paull, R.E., Carroll, A., and Chen, N.J. 2013. Lotus Cell Walls and the Genes Involved in its Synthesis and Modification. Tropical Plant Biology 6: 152160.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Pender, R.J., Morden, C.W., and Paull, R.E. 2014. Investigating the Pollination Syndrome of the Hawaiian Lobeliad Genus Clermontia (Campanulaceae) Using Floral Nectar Traits. American Journal of Botany 101(1): 15.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Huang, C.C. 2015. Sugarcane Pieces: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Vegetable and Root Crops. January 2015. VC-4. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/VC-4.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Chen, C.C. and Paull, R.E. 2015. Ung Choi: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Vegetable and Root Crops. January 2015. VC-6. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/VC-6.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Chen, C.C. and Paull, R.E. 2015. Ginger: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Vegetable and Root Crops. January 2015. VC-2. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/VC-2.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Chen, C.C. 2015. Taro: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Vegetable and Root Crops. January 2015. VC-5. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/VC-5.pdf
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Paull, R.E. and Ketsa, S. 2015. Coconut: Postharvest Quality-Maintenance Guidelines. University of Hawaii at Manoa, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. Fruit, Nut, and Beverage Crops March 2015 F_N-45. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/F_N-45.pdf
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