Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of this study is to identify the level of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes found in American cow-calf operations in the United States, and to assess the effectiveness of current parasite control programs and the efficacy of commonly used anthelminics in control of the parasites. Approach (from AD-416) As part of the USDA,APHIS, NAHMS 2008 cow-calf survey American cattle producers were given the opportunity to submit samples to participating laboratories (USDA, ARS, BFGL, University of Minnesota, and Colorado State University. Samples could be collected at any time from March to December, and usually coincided with a deworming treatment, or some other management practice. Samples were taken prior to deworming (Phase 1) or 2 weeks after deworming (Phase 2). Producers were given the option to participate in either Phase 1 only or both Phase 1 and Phase 2. Sampling consisted of taking a golf-ball sized sample from 20 fresh fecal pats per group of animals. Sampling is restricted to animals from 6 -18 months of age. Within 24 hours of sample collection samples are sent to one of the collaborating labs as determined randomly by APHIS. At the lab fecal samples are examined and enumerated for parasite eggs. In addition, eggs are taken from select samples for analyses by PCR for the parasite genera present. This study is the first ever large scale comprehensive look at nematode parasitism in cattle in the U.S. and is the first attempt to define the extent of anthelmintic resistance in American cattle operations. This work was performed as part of the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System�s (NAHMS) study to evaluate the presence of anthelmintic resistance in the U.S. beef industry. This project underwent an unfunded, 1 year extension with an anticipated termination date of September 2010. Results from this study incorporated findings from 567 producers spanning 24 states. These producers were provided the opportunity to collect fecal samples from weaned calves for the purpose of evaluating an animal�s response to treatment with anthelmintics. Producers were provided instructions and materials to collect fecal samples before and 2 weeks after drug treatment. Samples were accepted by the processing facilities only when a minimum of 45 days lapsed between initial sampling and any previous anthelmintic treatment of the animals. The choice of drug treatment was left to the discretion of the producer to properly reflect the parasite control program in place at the beef operation. The protocol required that fresh fecal pats be randomly sampled from the housing area. Samples were submitted to one of three participating laboratories. Analyses consisted of a centrifugation floatation and enumeration of nematode eggs, and simple notation of the presence or absence of coccidia and tapeworms. In submissions where strongyle egg per gram exceeded 30, DNA was extracted subjected to PCR specific diagnosis. A total of 72 producers from 19 States participated in this portion of the survey. Results indicated a preponderance of Cooperia in the resistant parasite populations. Some Haemonchus was observed in select cases. To date, this collaboration was monitored by phone conversation, written communication, meetings and email.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 09/29/08 to 09/30/10
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of this study is to identify the level of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes found in American cow-calf operations in the United States, and to assess the effectiveness of current parasite control programs and the efficacy of commonly used anthelminics in control of the parasites. Approach (from AD-416) As part of the USDA,APHIS, NAHMS 2008 cow-calf survey American cattle producers were given the opportunity to submit samples to participating laboratories (USDA, ARS, BFGL, University of Minnesota, and Colorado State University. Samples could be collected at any time from March to December, and usually coincided with a deworming treatment, or some other management practice. Samples were taken prior to deworming (Phase 1) or 2 weeks after deworming (Phase 2). Producers were given the option to participate in either Phase 1 only or both Phase 1 and Phase 2. Sampling consisted of taking a golf-ball sized sample from 20 fresh fecal pats per group of animals. Sampling is restricted to animals from 6 -18 months of age. Within 24 hours of sample collection samples are sent to one of the collaborating labs as determined randomly by APHIS. At the lab fecal samples are examined and enumerated for parasite eggs. In addition, eggs are taken from select samples for analyses by PCR for the parasite genera present. This study is the first ever large scale comprehensive look at nematode parasitism in cattle in the U.S. and is the first attempt to define the extent of anthelmintic resistance in American cattle operations. This work was performed as part of the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System�s (NAHMS) study to evaluate the presence of anthelmintic resistance in the U.S. beef industry. This project underwent an unfunded, 1-year extension and was closed out February 2011. During this study, 567 producers from 24 states were offered the opportunity to collect fecal samples from weaned calves for evaluation of the presence of parasite eggs (Phase 1). Producers choosing to participate were provided with instructions and materials to collect fecal samples. Fresh fecal samples were submitted to 1 of 3 randomly assigned laboratories for evaluation. In the laboratories all samples were processed in a similar manner for the enumeration of gastrointestinal nematode eggs, and the notation of the presence or absence of coccidian oocysts and tapeworm eggs. In submissions where the strongyle eggs were sufficiently high, aliquots were pooled for extraction of DNA. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR analysis for the presence of Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, and Trichostrongylus. In this study, 85.6% of the samples had GI nematode eggs. Overall, 91% of animals had Cooperia, 79% Ostertagia, 53% Haemonchus, 38% Oesophagostomum, 18% Nematodirus, 7% Trichuris, and 3% Trichostrongylus. The prevalence of coccidia and tapeworm eggs were 59.9% and 13.7% of samples, respectively. This collaboration was monitored by phone conversation, written communication, emails, and periodic interactions at society meetings. Project plans, goals, and accomplishments were discussed via conference calls and e-mail; technical advice was provided to the Cooperator in writing and by telephone.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of this study is to identify the level of infection with gastrointestinal nematodes found in American cow-calf operations in the United States, and to assess the effectiveness of current parasite control programs and the efficacy of commonly used anthelminics in control of the parasites. Approach (from AD-416) As part of the USDA,APHIS, NAHMS 2008 cow-calf survey American cattle producers were given the opportunity to submit samples to participating laboratories (USDA, ARS, BFGL, University of Minnesota, and Colorado State University. Samples could be collected at any time from March to December, and usually coincided with a deworming treatment, or some other management practice. Samples were taken prior to deworming (Phase 1) or 2 weeks after deworming (Phase 2). Producers were given the option to participate in either Phase 1 only or both Phase 1 and Phase 2. Sampling consisted of taking a golf-ball sized sample from 20 fresh fecal pats per group of animals. Sampling is restricted to animals from 6 -18 months of age. Within 24 hours of sample collection samples are sent to one of the collaborating labs as determined randomly by APHIS. At the lab fecal samples are examined and enumerated for parasite eggs. In addition, eggs are taken from select samples for analyses by PCR for the parasite genera present. This study is the first ever large scale comprehensive look at nematode parasitism in cattle in the U.S. and is the first attempt to define the extent of anthelmintic resistance in American cattle operations. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This agreement is with collaborators at the University of Minnisota as part of the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System�s (NAHMS) Beef 2007-08 study. In the reporting period, 567 producers from 24 states were offered the opportunity to collected fecal samples from weaned calves for evaluation of response to treatment with an anthelmintic product. Producers choosing to participate were provided instructions and materials to collect fecal samples at the time of treatment and again approximately 2 weeks after treatment. Samples were only accepted where there was at least a 45 day lapse between initial sampling and any previous anthelmintic treatment of the animals. The choice of treatment was entirely at the discretion of the producer so that the test reflected the current parasite control program of the operation. The protocol required that 20 fresh fecal pats be randomly sampled from the housing area. If the test group consisted of less than 20 animals, the number of samples collected was reduced to equal the group size. Samples were submitted to one of three participating laboratories. Analyses consisted of a double centrifugation floatation followed by enumeration of strongyle, Nematodirus, and Trichuris eggs, and simple notation of the presence or absence of coccidian oocysts and tapeworm eggs. In submissions where strongyle egg per gram exceeded 30, aliquots from 2-6 animals were pooled for extraction of egg DNA. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR for the presence of Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, and Oesophagostomum. A total of 72 producers from 19 States participated in this portion of the survey. Treatment options included oral benzimidazoles, and both injectable and pour-on endectocides. To date, this collaboration was monitored by phone conversation, written communication, meetings and email.
Impacts
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