Progress 05/05/03 to 06/19/06
Outputs
Progress Report 1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? Rhizomania, Rhizoctonia root rot, and curly top can seriously reduce sugar beet yield. Additional losses have been attributed to bacterial vascular necrosis and rot and Fusarium related problems. These disease problems not only lead to losses in the field but are likely to lead to additional losses in storage. This research project uses traditional plant breeding and plant pathology techniques, molecular biology, and biotechnological methods to improve disease management options and develop sugar beet germplasm with enhanced disease resistance, superior agronomic qualities, and increased suitability for sustainable production practices. Outside of uncontrollable losses due to weather, diseases account for the majority of economic losses to sugar beet producers across the U.S. Annual
losses from rhizomania, Rhizoctonia root rot, Cercospora leaf spot and curly top are estimated to be in the tens of millions of dollars. In some cases chemical controls are available; however, they are more costly and less environmentally friendly than resistant varieties. This research contributes directly to ARS National Program (NP) 301, Plant, Microbial and Insect Genetic Resources, Genomics and Genetic Improvement, and NP 303, Plant Diseases. 2. List by year the currently approved milestones (indicators of research progress) This project was a bridging project for the new CRIS (5368-21220-002-00D) which was approved May 2006. Milestones and accomplishments are noted in the annual report for the new CRIS. 4a List the single most significant research accomplishment during FY 2006. See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 4b List other significant research accomplishment(s), if any. See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 4c List significant activities that support special target
populations. See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 4d Progress report. See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 5. Describe the major accomplishments to date and their predicted or actual impact. See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). See the report for 5368-21220-002-00D.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Gillen, A.M., Bliss, F.A. 2005. Identification and mapping of markers linked to the Mi gene for root-knot nematode resistance in peach. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 130(1):24-33.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Gillen, A.M., Camp, S., Foote, P. 2005. Evaluation of experimental sugarbeet hybrids for resistance to beet curly top in Canyon County, ID, 2004. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases. 20:FC015. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Camp, S., Foote, P., Strausbaugh, C.A., Gillen, A.M. 2005. Evaluation of commercial sugarbeet hybrids for resistance to beet curly top in Canyon County, ID, 2004. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases. 20:FC023. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Seed treatments for improved stand and yield in dry beans in Twin Falls County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:ST001. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Control of white mold of dry beans with foliar sprays in Jerome County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:FC075. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Seed treatments for control of root rots in spring wheat in Bonneville County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:ST002. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? Rhizomania, Rhizoctonia root rot, and curly top can seriously reduce sugarbeet yield. Additional losses have been attributed to bacterial vascular necrosis and rot and Fusarium related problems. These disease problems not only lead to losses in the field but are likely to lead to additional losses in storage. This research project uses traditional plant breeding and plant pathology techniques, molecular biology, and biotechnological methods to improve disease management options and develop sugarbeet germplasm with enhanced disease resistance, superior agronomic qualities, and increased suitability for sustainable production practices. Outside of uncontrollable losses due to weather, diseases account for the majority of economic losses to sugarbeet producers across the U.S. Annual losses from
rhizomania, Rhizoctonia root rot, Cercospora leaf spot and curly top are estimated to be in the tens of millions of dollars. In some cases chemical controls are available; however, they are more costly and less environmentally friendly than resistant varieties. This research contributes directly to ARS National Program 301, Plant, Microbial and Insect Genetic Resources, Genomics and Genetic Improvement, and National Program 303, Plant Diseases. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Drs. Strausbaugh and Gillen developed goals and objectives which have been summarized in the prospectus that was accepted by National Program Staff in July 2005. A draft of the project plan was written and is undergoing review. The Ad-Hoc Committee review is scheduled for Fall 2005. Thus, the milestones listed are currently under review. Year 1 (FY 2006) Establish SNP markers on the public sugarbeet map and publish manuscript. Establish SNP marker linked to cyst
nematode resistance. Phenotype germplasm and initiate crossing to establish markers for resistance genes associated with resistance to rhizomania and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Initiate crossing to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Collect, isolate, identify, and initiate pathogenicity tests on sugarbeet root rot organisms to determine their importance to root health. Initiate studies to determine the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. Year 2 (FY 2007) Develop advanced genetic populations to establish markers for resistance genes associated with resistance to rhizomania. Screen progeny and develop marker for bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Submit manuscript on cyst nematode resistance marker. Begin screening of progeny from crosses to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and
bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Repeat previous years work to collect, isolate, identify, and initiate pathogenicity tests on sugarbeet root rot organisms to determine their importance to root health. Repeat studies to determine the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. Year 3 (FY 2008) Begin disease screening of rhizomania genetic populations to establish marker associated with resistance. Continue marker development for bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Begin intercrossing to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Submit manuscript on the importance of sugarbeet root rot organisms on root health. Complete genetic diversity and pathogenicity work with Rhizoctonia isolates. Submit manuscript on the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. Year 4 (FY 2009) Begin marker development with the rhizomania genetic
populations to establish marker associated with resistance. Submit manuscript on marker for bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Screen populations to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Submit manuscript on genetic diversity and pathogenicity work with Rhizoctonia isolates. Year 5 (FY 2010) Submit manuscript on marker associated with rhizomania resistance. Screen populations to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial necrosis and rot. 3a List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2005. For each milestone, indicate the status: fully met, substantially met, or not met. If not met, why. 1. Meet with stakeholders and other sugarbeet scientists to develop researchable goals. Milestone Fully Met 2. Visit major sugarbeet growing areas to become familiar with the crop, the industry and the relevant problems.
Milestone Fully Met 3. Write the project plan. Milestone Fully Met 4. Write position description for one technician and hire to support the geneticist. Milestone Fully Met 5. Organize and oversee remodeling of new lab space designated for the sugarbeet program. Milestone Fully Met 6. Initiate lab and field work as developed in the project plan. Milestone Fully Met 3b List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2006, 2007, and 2008). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? Drs. Strausbaugh and Gillen developed goals and objectives which have been summarized in the prospectus that was accepted by National Program Staff in July 2005. A draft of the project plan was written and is undergoing review. The Ad-Hoc Committee review is scheduled for Fall 2005. Thus, the milestones listed are currently under review. Year 1 (FY 2006) Establish SNP markers on the public sugarbeet map and publish manuscript.
Establish SNP marker linked to cyst nematode resistance. Phenotype germplasm and initiate crossing to establish markers for resistance genes associated with resistance to rhizomania and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Initiate crossing to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Collect, isolate, identify, and initiate pathogenicity tests on sugarbeet root rot organisms to determine their importance to root health. Initiate studies to determine the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. Year 2 (FY 2007) Develop advanced genetic populations to establish markers for resistance genes associated with resistance to rhizomania. Screen progeny and develop marker for bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Submit manuscript on cyst nematode resistance marker. Begin screening of progeny from crosses to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance
to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Repeat previous years work to collect, isolate, identify, and initiate pathogenicity tests on sugarbeet root rot organisms to determine their importance to root health. Repeat studies to determine the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. Year 3 (FY 2008) Begin disease screening of rhizomania genetic populations to establish marker associated with resistance. Continue marker development for bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Begin intercrossing to develop agronomically superior germplasm with enhanced resistance to rhizomania, curly top, and bacterial vascular necrosis and rot. Submit manuscript on the importance of sugarbeet root rot organisms on root health. Complete genetic diversity and pathogenicity work with Rhizoctonia isolates. Submit manuscript on the importance of rhizomania and curly top on the storability of sugarbeets. 4a What was the single most significant
accomplishment this past year? Relationship of Curly Top Ratings and Yield in Sugarbeet Nurseries and Commercial Fields We have conducted research which established that disease resistance to curly top in sugarbeets identified in an artificially inoculated nursery correlates with disease resistance and yield under commercial growing conditions. Prior to these findings, disease resistance identified in artificially inoculated nursery was assumed to be related to production in commercial fields but had not been scientifically tested. To prove this relationship exists, commercial and experimental sugarbeet hybrids were visually evaluated for resistance to Beet severe curly top virus in both an artificial disease nursery and under commercial growing conditions in southern Idaho through collaborative work between USDA-ARS scientists and sugarbeet industry personnel. Disease ratings from the disease nursery and variety trial were positively correlated, while root yield was negatively
related to disease severity. For each unit increase in disease severity, there was a 5.8 t/ha decrease in yield. These results indicate that disease resistance to curly top in sugarbeets identified in artificially inoculated nurseries is reflective of disease resistance and yield under commercial growing conditions. 4b List other significant accomplishments, if any. Causal Agents of Sugarbeet Root Rot in the Intermountain West We have conducted preliminary studies to identify the primary organisms responsible for sugarbeet root rot in the Intermountain West (IMW). Rhizoctonia has traditionally been considered the primary cause of root rot in the IMW, although cultivars with resistance to this pathogen have not performed well. Thus, studies into the primary causal agents of sugarbeet root rot in the IMW have been initiated through collaborative work between USDA-ARS scientists and industry personnel. Sugarbeet roots were sampled from piling grounds throughout the IMW and the causal
agents associated with root rot were identified. These data will lead to a better understanding of root rot in the IMW which will allow us to improve disease management options and guide plant breeding strategies. Rhizomania Screening Nursery We have inoculated a 20 acre field in Kimberly, ID, with a new strain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal agent of rhizomania, to facilitate disease screening for novel sources of disease resistance. Disease control for rhizomania is primarily achieved through the use of a single dominant resistance gene, which recently has broken down in the presence of a new strain(s) of BNYVV. In order to identify new sources of resistance, disease screening of Beta germplasm will be conducted in this field through a collaborative effort between USDA-ARS and University of Idaho scientists. These efforts will likely lead to novel sources of disease resistance for the control of rhizomania on sugarbeets. 4d Progress report. Current projects
include: Official Curly Top Nursery Assist Beet Sugar Development Foundation with management. Screen segregating population obtained from Dr. Lewellen in Salinas, CA, as potential population for quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis. Screen Beta corolliflora (wild relative of sugarbeet) accessions for potential introgression of resistance into B. vulgaris background. Rhizomania Nursery Inoculated 20 acres with soil infected with a new strain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV; the causal agent of rhizomania). Currently growing susceptible sugarbeets to increase level of inoculum so this field can be used for screening in the future. Rhizomania screening Cooperating with John Gallian of the University of Idaho to screen lines for resistance to the new strain of BNYVV. Testing Polymenase Chain Reaction (PCR) based method to detect BNYVV. Rhizomania molecular markers Obtained PCR based markers for Rz1 gene from an industry source. These are subject to a materials transfer
agreement (MTA). Planning to make crosses next year to produce populations that should segregate for Rz2. Genetic linkage mapping Screening multiplexed SNP markers on mapping a population from Mitch McGrath of East Lansing, MI and will add these markers to the genetic linkage map that Dr. McGrath will be publishing this fall. Population development - Arranged for Dr. Lewellen to cross selected lines to produce base populations that combine his best materials for curly top and rhizomania resistance. We plan to eventually have the facilities to conduct these crosses ourselves. Will random mate population and add new materials as they become available. Growing potential parental lines for study of the inheritance of resistance to Pectobacterium (syn. Erwinia). Prescreen of lines showed clear segregation for high levels of resistance in various lines. Will screen lines in fall and make crosses in spring. Developing a greenhouse and field screen for Fusarium oxysporum. Growing
sugarbeets in two locations for a study of the effects of curly top and rhizomania on sugar composition and sugar content of beets during storage in piles over the winter. Currently we are rating the material in the field for disease symptoms. Studying the interaction of seed treatments and host resistance with cultivars that vary for resistance to curly top to improve management options for Curly top. Conducting a survey of root rot organisms in the Intermountain West region to determine the importance of root rot organisms to sugarbeet root health and product quality. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. We have conducted research which established that disease resistance to curly top in sugarbeets identified in an artificially inoculated nursery correlates with disease resistance and yield under commercial growing conditions. These data assure the sugarbeet industry that disease resistance to curly top
identified in the artificially inoculated nurseries will lead to enhanced disease resistance and yield. We have prepared a Prospectus and have submitted a Project Plan based on input from sugarbeet scientists and industry representatives. Through achieving the objectives in this plan, this research program will develop elite germplasm with enhanced disease resistance and agronomic qualities and improve disease management options for sugarbeets. We have conducted preliminary studies to identify the primary organisms responsible for sugarbeet root rot in the Intermountain West. These data will allow us to improve disease management options and guide plant breeding strategies for the control sugarbeet root rot. We have inoculated a 20 acre field in Kimberly, ID, with a new strain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), the causal agent of rhizomania, to facilitate disease screening for novel sources of disease resistance. Germplasm screening conducted in this field will facilitate
the identification of novel sources of disease resistance to BNYVV which is the primary means of controlling rhizomania. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? No major technology transfer has been generated to date since the project is new; however, it is expected that scientific and user technologies will begin to emerge by FY 2006. These will be energetically communicated and transferred to the science and farming community at the earliest availability. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Presentations: At the invitation of program coordinators, Dr. Strausbaugh participated in a workshop
in Boise, ID, (December 2004) to establish the Pest Management Strategic Plan for Western U.S. Sugarbeet Production. Dr. Gillen presented an invited poster on the Kimberly Sugarbeet Program at the University of Idaho Sugarbeet School in Nampa, ID, January 13-14, 2005. Dr. Strausbaugh gave invited talks on the programs curly top research work at the University of Idaho Sugarbeet School in Nampa, ID (January 13- 14, 2005) and the Curly Top Workshop in Las Cruces, NM (June 2005). Dr. Strausbaugh gave an invited talk on the programs sugarbeet root rot research in Boise, ID (August 2005). Drs. Strausbaugh and Gillen participated in the Variety Trial tour for Intermountain West production area (August 2005).
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Camp, S., Foote, P., Strausbaugh, C.A., Gillen, A.M. 2005. Evaluation of commercial sugarbeet hybrids for resistance to beet curly top in Canyon County, ID, 2004. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases. 20:FC023. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Seed treatments for improved stand and yield in dry beans in Twin Falls County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:ST001. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Control of white mold of dry beans with foliar sprays in Jerome County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:FC075. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Koehn, A.C. 2005. Seed treatments for control of root rots in spring wheat in Bonneville County, ID, 2004. Fungicide and Nematode Tests. 60:ST002. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
- Gillen, A.M., Bliss, F.A. 2005. Identification and mapping of markers linked to the Mi gene for root-knot nematode resistance in peach. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 130(1):24-33.
- Strausbaugh, C.A., Gillen, A.M., Camp, S., Foote, P. 2005. Evaluation of experimental sugarbeet hybrids for resistance to beet curly top in Canyon County, ID, 2004. Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases. 20:FC015. Available: http:/www.apsnet.org/online.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/30/04
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? Rizomania, Rhizoctonia, Cercospora Leaf Spot and Curly Top Virus have serious sugarbeet yield effects. This research project uses traditional plant breeding techniques, molecular biology, and biotechnological methods to select and develop sugarbeet germplasm with increased disease and virus resistance and stress tolerance, superior agronomic qualities, and increased suitability for sustainable production practices. Outside of uncontrollable losses due to weather, diseases account for the majority of economic losses to sugarbeet producers across the U.S. Annual losses from Rhizomania, Rhizoctonia, Cercospora Leaf Spot and Curly Top Virus are estimated to be in the tens of millions of dollars. In some cases, chemical controls are available, however they are costly and less environmentally friendly than
resistant varieties. This research contributes directly to ARS National Program 301, Plant, Microbial and Insect Genetic Resources, Genomics and Genetic Improvement, and National Program 303, Plant Diseases. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Due to newness of this project, no personnel were on duty as of 1 August 2004 and no project plan had yet been written, therefore, no milestones have yet been designated. Funding for this project arrived via three separate congressional line items between FY 2001 and FY 2004. An initial recruitment for a soil scientist working in the area of sugarbeet cropping systems was not filled; instead, upon full funding of this program, two different positions were recruited and filled. These funds were used to establish a separate sugarbeet CRIS on May 5, 2003. A sugarbeet pathologist was recruited and hired (Dr. Carl Strausbaugh) and will enter on duty 8 August 2004. A sugarbeet geneticist was recruited and hired
(Dr. Anne Gillen) and will enter on duty 22 August 2004. Their first priority will be writing and approval of the project plan for this CRIS. Formal milestones will be established upon drafting and approval of the project plan. Dr. Strausbaugh has been designated as the lead scientist. 3. Milestones: A. List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2004. How many milestones did you fully or substantially meet in FY2004 and indicate which ones were not fully or substantially met, briefly explain why not, and your plans to do so. None. B. List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2005, 2006, & 2007). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? FY 2005 Meet with stakeholders and other sugarbeet scientists to develop researchable goals. Visit major sugarbeet growing areas to become familiar with the crop, the industry and the relevant problems. Write the project plan and obtain NPS approval.
Write position description for one technician and hire to support the geneticist. Organize and oversee remodeling of new lab space designated for the sugarbeet program. Initiate lab and field work as developed in the project plan. FY 2006 Continue lab and field work. Identify preliminary findings for presentation to stakeholders and at scientific meetings. Prepare manuscripts developed from limited short term objectives. FY 2007 Continue lab and field work. Expand lab and field work as allowable given fuller maturity of infrastructure and program at this point. Prepare additional manuscripts in anticipation of scientist three-year retention review. 4. What were the most significant accomplishments this past year? A. No scientific accomplishments are available for reporting. A sugarbeet pathologist was recruited and hired (Dr. Carl Strausbaugh) and will enter on duty 8 August 2004 and a sugarbeet geneticist was recruited and hired (Dr. Anne Gillen) and will enter on duty 22 August
2004. B. Dr. Strausbaugh has been designated as the lead scientist. Lab remodeling requirements have been identified and major equipment purchases to support the new program have been initiated. C. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations. All the reported technology can be readily adopted by small farms and the socially disadvantaged/resource limited. D. Progress Report. No scientific accomplishments are available for reporting. A sugarbeet pathologist was recruited and hired (Dr. Carl Strausbaugh) and will enter on duty 8 August 2004 and a sugarbeet geneticist was recruited and hired (Dr. Anne Gillen) and will enter on duty 22 August 2004. Dr. Strausbaugh has been designated as the lead scientist. Lab remodeling requirements have been identified and major equipment purchases to support the new program have been initiated. 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. No scientific
accomplishments are available for reporting. A sugarbeet pathologist was recruited and hired (Dr. Carl Strausbaugh) and will enter on duty 8 August 2004 and a sugarbeet geneticist was recruited and hired (Dr. Anne Gillen) and will enter on duty 22 August 2004. Dr. Strausbaugh has been designated as the lead scientist. Lab remodeling requirements have been identified and major equipment purchases to support the new program have been initiated. Research will lead to the development of sugarbeet germplasm with improved disease resistance; add knowledge and understanding on the genetics and cellular mechanisms of host-plant resistance and disease losses; and allow the development of commercial varieties or hybrids to decrease production inputs, enhance productivity, and improve sustainability for sugarbeet producers. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer,
other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? No science or technology has been generated to date since the project is new, however, it is expected that scientific and user technologies will begin to emerge by FY 2006. These will be energetically communicated and transferred to the science and farming community at the earliest availability.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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