Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include: Grain Farmers- Wheat, barley and other grains farmers worldwide face the threat of barley yellow dwarf disease caused by an aphid transmitted virus. The algorithm from this research should be useful to these farmers to make their pest management more efficient. Agricultural Service Providers- Businesses that provide advisory services to farmers can use the algorithm and smartphone app to communicate with their clients. Pest Scientists- Can build on and modify the algorithm and app to add pests, diseases, production practices and other features to make the system more comprehensive. Students- This software is used in the classroom to demonstrate the complexity of agricultural decision making. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students received masters degrees, one in entomology and one in rural sociology How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two theses published One refereed journal article published Presentations made at grower meetings and other venues. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Disease management models for barley yellow dwarf were designed to output management recommendations using real-time and forecasted environment, pest, and crop data. The models were in the form of an expert system where heuristics used by human experts were captured and programmed. These models were designed to be easily implemented into the ipmPIPE platform. These models were, in part, implemented and a protytpe smartphone app developed. Using published literature and interviews with experts in BYDV epidemiology and agricultural decision-making, dependency networks were used to model field conditions that would logically warrant these management actions. The networks represented nine possible outputs: use insecticide-treated seed, use untreated seed, plant crop immediately, delay planting, scout for aphid vectors of BYDV, do not scout, full foliar insecticide spray, ½ (diluted) insecticide spray, and no insecticide spray. There were a total of 243 total combinations of conditions to reach the seed treatment recommendations, 9,720 to reach the planting date recommendations, 62,208 to reach the scouting recommendations, and 216 to reach the insecticide spray recommendations. In this work, I consider and strive to improve the mechanism for inferring output recommendations even when using only partial data sets. Inference mechanisms are necessary components of DSS's to extrapolate outputs from input data to give users recommendations. The dependency networks represent inference mechanisms that require all input information be present before a management recommendation can be made. This thesis proposes a novel secondary inference mechanism structure to be overlaid onto the dependency networks that uses a numerical, rather than categorical or ordinal, calculation system to handle partial input information. This inference mechanism used the dependency networks as a template to make a prototype numerical representation of importance of field conditions in making management decisions. Secondly it calculates a likely success of these management decisions when executed, and penalizes the grower if he or she executes an incorrect management tactic. The success or penalties are measured in terms of optimum yield. It is also proposed that this secondary inference mechanism can allow a BYD management decision forecast based on pest and disease statuses, as well as real-time recommendations. The purpose of the DSS developed in this thesis is to show the applicability of implementing DSS's based on expert knowledge into a platform (iPIPE) that is capable of gathering data from users in a two-way feedback loop. Since future management decisions rely on previous ones the feedback loop allows management practices conducted by the grower to alter future management recommendations given by the system. It also enhances large scale (regional) pest monitoring with input of individual field data. The DSS reported in this thesis will serve as a basis for the evolution of precision management of crop diseases. It will aid in reducing input cost and increasing sustainability and cereal grain yield in BYD management and eventually it will serve as model to better manage other crop pests and diseases. This international perspective enriches the findings relevant to farmers interviewed in Pennsylvania.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Joseph T Walls, Piero Caciagli, John F Tooker, Joseph M Russo, Edwin G Rajotte, Cristina Rosa. 2016. Modeling the decision process for barley yellow dwarf management. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 127 775-786.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Joseph Thaddeus Walls III.2014. A Cyber Age Approach for Global Management of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Winter Wheat. Master of Science in Entomology, Penn State University.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Kristen Babbie. Intersections of Knowledge, New Information Technologies, and Ideas Of Good Farming In Southeastern Pennsylvania And Northwest Italy. Master of Science in Rural Sociology, Penn State University
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Progress 09/01/14 to 08/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Our M.S. student from Entomology Joe Walls, now Ph.D. student in Plant Pathology at PSU, presented the work conducted on this project in a departmental seminar in the Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology at PSU in October of 2015. The audience consisted of Plant Pathology faculty and graduate and undergraduate students from multiple departments on campus. PI Ed Rajotte incorporated the information management system generated by this project in the undergraduate courses AGECO 457 (Fall 2015). Co-PI Rosa developed an extension activity based on the model developed during this project in the undergraduate course PPEM 405 (Fall 2015). Both courses enroll undergraduate and graduate students mainly from the College of Agriculture, PSU. Joe Walls resubmitted the manuscript related to this project to the Computers and Electronics in Agriculture journal, the audience of this journal consists of professionals in agriculture and in computer science related to agriculture[PG1]. Joe Walls presented a poster on this project at the ESA 62ND Annual Meeting November 16 -19, Portland, Oregon. November 18, 2014. ESA is the main meeting for the entomological society of America and is visited by scientists and professionals from the US and the world. [PG1]Ed, anything from Kristin? Changes/Problems:The majority of the work proposed in our proposal has been completed, and few tasks still require more time. These tasks, mainly the completion and demonstration of a smartphone app to PA and International growers, are a crucial part of our effort, but these tasks require organizational and actual time to be completed. We had encountered delays due to the graduation of our student in rural sociology, the retirement of our collaborator in Italy, changes in personnel in our subcontractor's company. We will be able to access the final app product by the end of summer, and ZedEx is doing the work even after the end of their subcontract. We will have a second MS student in Rural sociology that will be able to conduct surveys with PA growers. Our MS student in Entomology enrolled in the dual PhD degree program in Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology and International Agriculture (PPEM/INTAD) with one of the Co_PIs on the grant, and will travel internationally next summer to test the completed app internationally. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One students in Rural Sociology and one in Entomology graduated with a M.S. degree in December 2014 with thesis work based on this project. One of the two students enrolled in a Ph.D. in Plant Pathology and is still working on the project. Another Ph.D. student in Entomology is also incorporating work on the interaction between aphids, BYD, and wheat in her research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two undergraduate courses, AGECO 457 and PPEM 405 offered every Fall at the University Park campus at PSU have incorporated elements of disease management based on this project, and are used to disseminate the project results to students. Our M.S. student presented a poster on the project at ESA in November 2014, and gave a seminar on this work at PSU in Fall 2015. He re-submitted an article to a peer reviewed jornal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our partner ZedEx had some sets back and is delivering the final product proposed in objective 2, a smart phone app delivering the BYDV management tools. The subcontract established between Penn State and ZedEx has been exhausted in Fall 2014, but ZedEX is committed to deliver the end product. Objective 3 and 5 have received extensive work by our team: Kristin Babbie, graduate student in rural sociology conducted detailed qualitative interviews with growers in Pennsylvania and Italy, but we are planning to continue this work with another student in the same department. We are planning to demonstrate the new smart phone app to growers in Pennsylvania and Italy to be able to record and analyze their reaction to this technology. During our research, we have discovered unexpected climatic factors that are important to define parameters used in our DSS model, mainly the fact that aphids feeding is temperature dependent, and that aphids compete on plants based on temperature gradients[u1]. We are planning to further investigate these correlations Furthermore, Joe Walls, our student, will test how climate change is going to affect the interaction between plants, viruses and their insect vectors in a tangential work that we are planning to perform on a climatic transect in Nepal. Another important parameter we are actively working on is to include in a future version of our DSS is a crop nutrient regimen, since it has been indicated that increased nitrogen increases prevalence of BYDV (Seabloom et al. 2010). This is attributed to the fact that nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for BYDV and the aphids that transmit it (Seabloom et al. 2010). Two of our graduate students, a PhD student in Entomology and the PhD student in PPEM/INTAD are working on linking BYD and other viral diseases to the above mentioned factors and to incorporate climate change in management strategies recommendations.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We completed objective 1- (To Link existing plant-growth, aphid-vector and barley yellow dwarf virus-disease (BYDV) models, create environmental model inputs from real-time, high resolution weather data, and assess the accuracy of the simulations using existing crop, insect and virus observations.) Joe Walls, the graduate student supported on this grant, obtained his Master's degree in Entomology in December 2014, with a thesis entitled: 'A cyber age approach for global management of barley yellow dwarf virus in winter wheat'. The results of this work are included in a manuscript entitled 'Modeling the decision process for barley yellow dwarf management' and have been submitted for publication Our partner, ZedEX is working toward the completion of objective 2.-(To Incorporate tools similar to those in existing information technology (IT) systems, such as the ipmPIPE (Integrated Pest Management Pest Information Platform for Extension And Education) and PAPipe (Pennsylvania Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education), into a new platform to display pest observations and model output. These tools include geospatial maps of crop and pest distributions, smartphone data entry, time series of pest development, and user-specified textual formats. Develop and disseminate insect and disease control recommendations through the new platform.) We completed objective 4.-(To Integrate this information management system into undergraduate and graduate education.) : two graduate students graduated working on this project. The information management system generated by this project was incorporated in the following undergraduate courses AGECO 457 (Fall 2012-2013-2014-2015) PPEM 416 (Fall 2014) PPEM 405 (Fall 2015). One undergraduate student was hired on wage payroll for Spring and Summer 2014.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
J. Walls, P. Caciagli, J. Tooker, J. Russo, E. Rajotte, C. Rosa. Modeling the decision process for barley yellow dwarf management. Submitted to Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Journal.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
J. Walls , C. Rosa, P. Caciagli, J. F. Tooker, J. Russo, B. Gugino, C. Hinrichs, K. Babbie and E. Rajotte. A cyber-age approach to manage barley yellow dwarf virus in winter wheat on a global scale. ESA 62ND Annual Meeting November 16 19, Portland, Oregon. November 18, 2014. Poster.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Joe Walls. A cyber age approach for global management of barley yellow dwarf virus in winter wheat. M.S. thesis in Entomology, PSU, December 2014
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Progress 09/01/13 to 08/31/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Scientists at the 1) Joint Annual Meetings for Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS) and Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society (AFHVS) June 21, 2014 2) Rural Sociological Society 77th Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA August 3, 2014 3) National Center of Research, Turin, Italy January 24, 2014 Broad public and farmers: 1) Ag Progress Days on August 12 and 13 2014 at Rock Springs in Pennsylvania Furnace, PA 2) Farmers’ Experiences Offer Clues for Ag Apps. in Lancaster Farming by Philip Gruber, September 13, 2014 http://www.lancasterfarming.com/results/Farmers--Experiences-Offer-Clues-for-Ag-Apps#.VCBU-hC8ES9 3)Penn State students develop app to track virus. in Lancaster Farming by Philip Gruber 4) Seventeen farmers and four advisers, such as crop scouts and Extension educators, were interviewed individually in York and Blair Counties in Pennsylvania 5) Three focus groups interviewed were conducted with farmers in the Northern part of Italy. 6) Article in regional agricultural newspaper, July 26, 2014 http://www.lancasterfarming.com/assets/10898299/F02PRFS-072614_1.pdf Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? 1) Poster Session. A Lifeworld Approach to Understanding Pennsylvania Grain Farmers’ Perceptions of Being a “Good Farmer” and “Good Farming Practices”. By Kristin Babbie. June 21, 2014, Joint Annual Meetings for Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS) and Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society (AFHVS). Collaboration & Innovation Across the Food System hosted by the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 2) Paper Presentation. Considering Diverse Forms of Knowledge and the Potential of Information Communication Technologies for Promoting Sustainable Agriculture. By Kristin Babbie .August 3, 2014. Rural Sociological Society 77th Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA 3) Seminar Talk: “There’s an App for That!” But Will Farmers Use it? Exploring Social and Cultural Factors Influencing the Adoption of Web-Based Prediction Tools. By Kristin Babbie. January 24, 2014. Seminar at the Istituto di Virologia Vegetale (Institute of Plant Virology) in Torino, Italy 4) Seminar talk: A Decision-Support System for Growers Managing Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Winter Wheat. January 24, 2014. Seminar at the Istituto di Virologia Vegetale (Institute of Plant Virology) in Torino, Italy 5) Seminar at the Virology group Title: Modeling the Decision Process for Barley Yellow Dwarf Management. Hosted by the Huck Institute, PSU. 6) Presentation on the project was submitted to the EXPO 2015 in Milan, Italy. Authors: CNR, Italy; College of Ag Sciences, PSU; ZedEX Inc. Bellefonte, PA. 7) Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. November 12, 2013. The potential for web-based, mobile-phone delivered IPM decision supporting developing countries. Presented by Rajotte. Press: 1) Farmers’ Experiences Offer Clues for Ag Apps in Lancaster Farming by Philip Gruber, September 13, 2014 http://www.lancasterfarming.com/results/Farmers--Experiences-Offer-Clues-for-Ag-Apps#.VCBU-hC8ES9 2) Penn State students develop app to track virus in Lancaster Farming by Philip Gruber. July 26, 2014 http://www.lancasterfarming.com/assets/10898299/F02PRFS-072614_1.pdf What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? During the next reporting period a fully web-linked smartphone demonstration will be provided for colleagues as well as target farmer audiences.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Linked model In this project a DSS is under development to be accessed by growers for management of barley yellow dwarf disease caused by Barley yellow dwarf virus. . Using information published in literature and interviews with experts in BYDV epidemiology and agricultural decision making, field conditions that would logically warrant these management actions were modeled using dependency networks. The networks represented 9 possible outputs: use insecticide treated seed, use untreated seed, plant crop immediately, delay planting, scout for aphid vectors of BYDV, do not scout, full foliar insecticide spray, ½ (diluted) insecticide spray, and no insecticide spray. There were a total 62,208 to reach the scouting recommendations alone. The dependency networks represent inference mechanisms that require all input information be present before a management recommendation can be made. We propose a novel secondary inference mechanism structure to be overlaid onto the dependency networks that uses a numerical, rather than categorical or ordinal, calculation system to handle partial input information. We show the applicability of implementing DSS’s based on expert knowledge into a platform (iPiPE) that is capable of gathering data from users in a two-way feedback loop. The feedback loop allows growers to alter future management recommendations due to the execution of a previous management decision and also enhances large scale (regional) pest monitoring with individual field data. The DSS reported here will serve as a basis for the evolution of precision management of crop diseases andl aid in reducing input cost and increasing sustainability and cereal grain yield in BYD management and eventually it will serve as model to better manage other crop pests and diseases. 2. Platform development The Integrated Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education or “iPiPE” was developed to promote the exchange of pest data among agricultural professionals. It is an information technology platform that provides tools and models for managing and analyzing data in order to generate products and commentary in support of commercial agricultural decision making. The iPiPE brings together crop consultants, extension, industry, federal, and state partners by allowing the exchange of pest observations while protecting client privacy. The iPiPE supports easy-to-use data collection applications for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. Decision support products include a barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) risk assessment based on a dependency-network model, pest observation displays, daily weather maps, and epidemiological and aerobiological model output. The products facilitate the monitoring of pest spread and timely decision making in all facets of crop production. 3. Evaluate with intended audiences Farms are embedded in variable social and bio-physical contexts, which shape how farmers manage their operations. In terms of social context, intergenerational knowledge about a farm and farming practices, as well as locally constructed norms about farming may influence a farmer’s decision-making. Additionally, farmers must follow local, state, and federal regulations pertaining to agriculture while also appealing to consumer and industry expectations. This research explores how farmers’ understand the social and biophysical contexts of their farms in relation to their views on and use of selected technologies and practices in farming. Two broad topics are examined in this study: 1) farmers’ experiences with diverse forms of knowledge including knowledge generated by new information communication technology (ICT), and 2) farmers’ perceptions of “good farming.” Empirical research is based on semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with 17 grain farmers and four agricultural advisors in southeastern Pennsylvania and on three focus groups conducted with grain farmers in northwest Italy. Located in close proximity to one another, the Pennsylvania farmers represented the diverse cultural backgrounds of area farmers and also varied in terms of age, views about chemical use and soil management, and farm size. The Italian farmers were all members of farming organizations that made decisions about production and marketing collectively. The first study found that participants used knowledge about their own farms and knowledge from their neighbors to make farming decisions. Additionally, while some farmers co-produced knowledge with an agricultural advisor, others expressed complete dependence on their advisors to make decisions. In relation to ICT, farmers had mixed views about its convenience, and a few expressed concern that greater use of ICT for farming could replace farmers’ knowledge and skills. Some viewed ICT as less relevant to older farmers, although a few older farmers in the study discussed their desires and efforts to use ICT. The second study found that agricultural paradigms such as “alternative” and “conventional” prove difficult to apply at the individual farm level, as farmers meanings of “good farming” are embedded in their lifeworld, making them complex, dynamic, and sometimes uncertain. The final study offers an international comparative perspective . It is based on data from three focus groups conducted with a total of 19 members of farming cooperatives in northwest Italy. The Italian farmers viewed use of ICT as less relevant to farming than some Pennsylvania farmers who viewed it as inevitable. Farmers in both countries shared local knowledge with their farming neighbors; however, the Italian farmers described themselves as highly dependent on one another, especially in being members of cooperatives. 4. Integrate into graduate and undergraduate education One graduate student graduated with a M.S. in Rural Sociology and International Agriculture and Development from PSU in Summer 2014. For her thesis she explored the reactions of farmers to the use of new technologies, with emphasis on smartphones, and she made a qualitative survey to understand how 'good farming' is perceived in relation to physical aspect of the farm, in relation to the experience and peer pressure from other growers or with family traditions. One graduate student, who worked on the modeling and information technology aspect of the project, will graduate with a Master's of Science in Entomology from PSU in Fall 2014. He participated in the following extension activities: Ag Progress Days on August 12 and 13 2014 at Rock Springs in Pennsylvania Furnace, PA; Small Grains Field Day on June 3rd at Rock Springs in Pennsylvania Furnace, PA; Farming for Success on June 26 at PSU Southeast Agricultural Research Center in Manheim, PA. He also went to Italy to help with the interview processes conducted by Kristin Babbie, and he could benefit from this experience overseas. In Italy he also presented a talk concerning the BYDV modeling aspects of his research at the CNR, Turin. One undergraduate student in plant science and entomology at PSU, Kyle Kallaugher was accepted as intern, was trained and helped the sociologist with her field research. The BYDV system as well as other web-based advisory systems are discussed in Ento/Ageco 457, Principles of Integrated Pest Management. This course has 30-40 students enrolled annually, It is taught by two of the PIs on this grant (Gugino and Rajotte)
Publications
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Progress 09/01/12 to 08/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Pennsylvania grain growers were contacted through the Penn State Extension Field Crops news on April 23rd, 2013 with the following newsletters: 'Aphids and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus' to inform them about the damage caused by BYDV disease and 'Looking for Fields Infested with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus' to ask for help locating BYDV infected fields in Pennsylvania to use in a virus survey. Two of the graduate students on this grant went to introduce the BYDV NIFA funded project to grain growers during two workshops ('Farming for Success' and 'Managing Organic Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn for Local Markets') organized by Penn State Extension in Manheim on June 27th, 2013 and by PASA's Farm-Based Education Program at Penn State Russell Larson Research & Education Center in Pennsylvania Furnace on June 25th, 2013, respectively. An article (Pest Prediction-a simple tool could help stop the spread of a devastating cereal crop disease) highlighting the funded project was published in the PennState AgScience magazine (Winter/Spring 2013, cover page and pp.12-15) and in the PennState online news. Other experts on BYDV epidemiology, modeling and forecasting, as well as extension agents in Pennsylvania counties were contacted via email and phone to establish collaborations. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? During our first year in the project, we recruited three graduate students (one PhD and one Master in entomology, and one Master in rural sociology) to work on the different aspects of the proposed grant. While every student is working intensively on a specific part of the project, all of them are exposed to the entire process by participating to weekly meetings, by exchanging findings and literature and by integrating results in the overall plan. Students in the Principles of Integrated Pest Management (Ageco 457) at Penn State are being exposed to the value of models in IPM decision making IPM decisions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Pennsylvania grain growers were contacted through the Penn State Extension Field Crops news on April 23rd, 2013 with the following newsletters: 'Aphids and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus' to inform them about the damage caused by BYDV disease and 'Looking for Fields Infested with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus' to ask for help locating BYDV infected fields in Pennsylvania to use in a virus survey. Two of the graduate students on this grant went to introduce the BYDV NIFA funded project to grain growers during two workshops ('Farming for Success' and 'Managing Organic Wheat, Spelt, Emmer & Einkorn for Local Markets') organized by Penn State Extension in Manheim on June 27th, 2013 and by PASA's Farm-Based Education Program at Penn State Russell Larson Research & Education Center in Pennsylvania Furnace on June 25th, 2013, respectively. An article (Pest Prediction-a simple tool could help stop the spread of a devastating cereal crop disease) highlighting the funded project was published in the PennState AgScience magazine (Winter/Spring 2013, cover page and pp.12-15) and in the PennState online news. The BYDV project was the topic of a presentation (Porras, M. et al.) presented at an international Aphid Biology meeting in Beijing, China A presentation and discussion was held at the PSU seminar of the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics. Two posters were presented by our students at the Penn State microbiology symposium, September 28th, 2013 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? After obtaining IRB approval, start rounds of interviews in Pennsylvania counties, AND in Italy, Give the following lectures: Finish data analysis and modeling of aphid migration based on historical data Construct aphid life tables and determine the influence of global warming on aphid biology ZedX: integrate aphid models with crop and weather model using dependency networks decision tools Perform and in depth survey on the presence of BYDV strains in PA Present at ESA meeting in November 2013 Present at NIFA/USDA specific meetings when appropriate
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Collected data for aphid migration in Italy, MidWest US and England Started modeling aphid migrations in grain fields based on Fourier series, our analysis narrowed the occurrence of two major aphid migrations events/year, and we were able to correlate these two events with…..using neural networks…… Implemented the use of dependency networks for expert system decision tools. Two master students in Entomology and Sociology participated to grain growers workshops. Online letters to growers were sent out through Penn State Extension. Released an interview to the PennState AgScience magazine on the project. Performed the optimization of protocols for detection of BYDV strains by PCR. This task included the optimization of RNA extraction techniques from plant samples, an extensive viral primer research from literature, new viral and plant primer design, the partial nucleotide sequencing of BYDV strains found in PA. Provided growers with a free service to test if BYDV strains were present in their grain fields. Submitted IRB to PSU office Identified PA counties for sociological survey, identified audiences for in depth interviews
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
M. Porras, E. Rajotte, P. Caciagli, C. Rosa, J. Russo, F. E. Gildow. 2013. The development of a smart-phone support platform for monitoring and management of aphids-barley yellow dwarf virus on small grains in Pennsylvania. 9th International symposium on aphids. China
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
M. Porras, E. Rajotte, P. Caciagli, J. Carvajalino. Modeling with neural network flight prediction of bird cherry oat (Rhopalosiphum padi) and corn (R. maidis) aphids. Insect science.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Rajotte, E. 2013. The potential for web-based, mobile-phone delivered IPM decision supporting developing countries. Annual Meeting of Entomological Society of America. San Antonio.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Walls, J., Rajotte, E., Rosa, C., Tooker, J., Gugino, B., Caciagli, P., Russo, J. 2013. A Decision Support System for Growers Coping with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Winter Wheat. Environmental Microbiology Symposium.. Penn State University.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Poster: M. Porras, E. Rajotte, C. De Moraes, M. Mescher, C. Navas. The interaction of aphids vectors of BYDV under global warming scenario. Environmental Microbiology Symposium. Penn State University.
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