Source: UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING submitted to
FEED EFFICIENCY SELECTION: IMPACTS ON CARCASS, BEHAVIOR, AND REPRODUCTION TRAITS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0229058
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
WYO-471-11
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2011
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2016
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Lake, SC, L..
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING
1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE DEPARTMENT 3434
LARAMIE,WY 82071-2000
Performing Department
Animal Science
Non Technical Summary
Cost of production is the largest cost variable over which a producer has control in the profitability equation. Only by reducing cost of production (via reduced feed intake, for instance), will U.S. beef producers be able to remain competitive and sustainable in a global marketplace. To reduce feed cost, RFI is being utilized as a measure of efficiency in beef cattle production in Australia and is being implemented in Canada. Australian researchers have shown that RFI is phenotypically independent of many other production parameters. As a result, it is now being used in a selection index to simultaneously target efficiency and other parameters such as performance and product quality. Residual feed intake (RFI) is becoming a broadly accepted gold standard for feed efficiency (FE) in the research community because it is superior to other FE measures. At a 2003 meeting of the WCC092 Committee on Beef Cattle Energetics, one of three impact statements composed by participants, stated that "Residual Feed Intake (RFI) is the tool identified most often as the one which should have priority in development of quantitative assessment of efficiency in animal performance" (report available at http://lgu.umd.edu/lgu_v2/homepages/saes.cfmtrackID=398#2). Studies in other countries have shown that improving FE can improve the overall profitability of beef cattle production systems. Basarab et al. (2003) reported that cost of feed is second only to fixed costs in importance to the profitability of commercial beef operations. Archer et al., used 2 different models to estimate that long-term improvement in profitability may be between 9 and 33%.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
3013399108035%
3023399101035%
3033399102030%
Goals / Objectives
Our overall objectives are to measure the impact of selection of high and low Residual Feed Intake (RFI) bulls in a crossbreeding program on short term calf performance and longer term implications associated with replacement females. Specifically, our objectives are to measure: 1) the effect of bull selection with either high or low RFI value on steer and heifer calf feed efficiency, 2) the effect of bull selection with either high or low RFI value on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot calves, 3) the effect of bull selection with either high or low RFI value on feeding behavior (feeding events, meals, daily intake), 4) the effect of bull selection with either high or low RFI value on reproductive performance, and 5) the effect of bull selection with either high or low RFI value on interactions within the production system.
Project Methods
Commercial black cows will be bred by A.I. to Hereford bulls selected for either high or low Residual Feed Intake (RFI) and have acceptable traits to produce females for the existing herd. The overall goal is to produce moderate framed black baldy cows that can thrive in the High Plains region. Continental bulls (Simmental) will be used as a terminal cross for clean-up. Using the GrowSafe system, feed efficiency information will be collected on all heifers, and any steer calves retained for other projects. The efficiency trait of greatest interest is Residual feed intake (RFI), defined as the difference between actual feed intake and expected feed intake of the animal. By definition, animals consuming less feed than expected are negative for RFI, and have a greater efficiency than positive RFI animals. One goal of this project is to test all potential herd sires, and utilize bulls that are divergent for RFI (high RFI and low RFI). Progeny from those sires will be similarly measured for RFI to estimate heritability. Herd management for this project includes: a) Evaluating and documenting sire EPD values for backfat (BF), ribeye area (REA, in2), and percent intramuscular fat (%IMF), an indication of marbling (sire selection and heifer retention decisions will be made so that both high RFI and low RFI groups are not biased in relation to carcass traits); b) All heifers will be ultrasounded at approximately 12 months of age, documenting liveweight, BF, REA and %IMF values. Attainment of puberty prior to the breeding season will be documented in all heifers. Conception rate to AI, overall breeding season conception rates, retention in the herd, and longevity will be documented. For this project, relationships between behavior and feed efficiency traits will be estimated for both heifers and bulls. Differences between sexes will be compared. Aggression-type traits will also be studied, such as competition (e.g., rank among bulls/heifers in pen to determine hierarchy) and feeding aggressiveness (e.g., bunk occupation time, bite force).

Progress 07/01/11 to 06/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:The Target audience for this report are beef cattle producers across the State of Wyoming and the western region, as well as other researchers who are investigating the impacts of feed efficiency on heifer development. Changes/Problems:In our proposal, we wanted to investigate the long-term effects of RFI selection. However, because of herd size constraints and management complexities that would have been economically impossible to achieve, we chose to focus only on the impacts of RFI selection on the first generation offspring, both heifers and steers. However, the data is still very much applicable to livestock producers selecting bulls based on RFI. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?These data have been shared at multiple conferences, including but not limited to the Range Beef Cow Symposium, The Range Livestock Workshop, Angus Field Days, and multiple AI schools. Many of the attendees at these meetings are professionals in extension, industry, and research, in addition to producers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We were able to obtain data to measure all objectives. Objectives 2 and 5 are still currently being evaluated. The other data obtained is currently in the process of being published. Addtionally, multiple talks across the region have been given at various meetings and confrences. Future symposia are planned with the focal point on feed efficiency and how this impacts management decisions, including sire selection and heifer development.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lake, S. L. and C. L. Marshall. Effects of feed efficiency ranking and indexing on reproductive performance in growing beef heifers. AES Field Day Report
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lake, S. L. and C. L. Marshall. Effects of feed efficiency ranking and indexing on reproductive performance in growing beef heifers. Submitted JAS
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2016 Citation: Lake, S. L. and C. L. Marshall. Effects of feed efficiency ranking and indexing on reproductive performance in growing beef heifers.


Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:During the last reporting year, talks have been given at 3 beef cattle artificial insemination schools across the state of wyoming. Additionally, a talk was given at the Range Beef Tours, in Kanab and St. George, Utah. Although final results from this study have not been compiled, the idea behind the research and preliminary results were presented. These audiences were comprised of primarily beef cattle producers. The total attendance of these meeetings was over 300 producers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has helped train 2 graduate students. One student graduated and is working in the Extension service and the other student will graduate in 2017. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary results have been given over the course of the year at seminars and talks. Popular press articles have been written about the nature of the study. The results will be disseminated in the upcoming year in area extension programs, scientific journals, and popular press type articles. Additionally, results will likely be presented at experiment station field days and in bulletins. Furthermore, regional program meetings (Range Beef Cow Symposium) and state beef associations will be likely venues for presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period is the last one. We will be compiling all data and presenting to outlets as described above.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? For the current reporting year, 80 heifers have been tested on a GrowSafe system to measure feed efficiency. Heifers were synchronized and bred via artificial insemination. Results of the years study were added to the prior years data base. 80 steer calves were fed to finish and feed efficiency was measured. Carcass data was obtained at time of slaughter. Data from these studies will help accomplish the goals listed. Preliminary results would suggest that selecting for both growth and feed effiency has an impact on reproductive traits in beef cattle. However, the project is not completed and is in the last year. The results will be compiled and published in the upcoming reporting year for both the heifer data and the steer data.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: S. Lake. and C. Marshall. 2015. Effect of feed efficiency ranking and indexing on reproductive performance in growingbeef heifers. 2015 UW AES Field Days Bulletin Report.


Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience are the beef cattle producers of Wyoming, as well as, producers across the region. Additionally, audiences include scientific communities that may be interested in our applied work to help answer or ask questions of a more basic nature. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Although we are still gathering data, the current results have been disseminated in field reports, scientific presentations, and producer meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue to collect and anlyze data from this project. It is anticipated that during the next year of the project, scientific manuscripts will be written and presentations will be given at both scientific and producer forums.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? All of the goals listed are currently being investigated. There has been 2 years worth of data collected, and several publications and presentations have been given off of the data. It is anticipated that several peer reviewed scientific journal articles and numerous producer publications will be developed this coming year.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lake, S. L. and C. Marshall. 2015. Effects of Feed Efficiency Ranking and Indexing on Reproductive Performance in Growing Beef Heifers. Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day Bulletin.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2015 Citation: Lake, S. L. and C. Marshall. 2015. Effects of Feed Efficiency Ranking and Indexing on Reproductive Performance in Growing Beef Heifers. American Society of Animal Society.


Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13

Outputs
Target Audience: This project is just finishing the first full collection period. Results are currently being analyze and will be posted on the next reporting cycle. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? During the next reporting period data will be analyzed and disseminated through extension workshops, livestock publications, and peer reviewed journals.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The first full cycle of animals has gone through this project. The data are currently being analyzed and will be distributed throughout the next reporting period.

Publications


    Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12

    Outputs
    OUTPUTS: The first calf crop will enter the feedlot and GrowSafe system this spring and the first group of replacement heifers will be bred this spring. PARTICIPANTS: S. Lake, K. Cammack, A. Meyer: assistant professors in UW Animal Science Department. S. Paisley: associate professor, UW Extension beef specialist. Support staff at Research & Extension Centers. TARGET AUDIENCES: Beef producers, Extension professionals, and other researchers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

    Impacts
    Because this is the first year of a multi-year study, there are no outcomes at this point. Feed efficiency data and heifer breed data will be collected this spring. Carcass data from the feedlot steers will be available this summer.

    Publications

    • No publications reported this period