Progress 04/01/10 to 03/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Researcher has left the university. Nothing to report. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Researcher has left the university. Nothing to report.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 03/31/15
Outputs
Target Audience:PI left the university. Nothing to report Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
PI left the university. Nothing to report.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: scientists in academia and industry Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two master students are working on projects related to chitosan films How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Yes - two posters were presented at the IFT'14 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, June 21 – 24, 2014. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue working on strategies (1) to increase primary antioxidant properties of chitosan films, (2) to reduce swelling of the films in aqueous solutions, and (3) to seal chitosan films.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: - Effects of grafting conditions have been further investigated and antioxidant properties of chitosan-gallic acid grafted films evaluated - Using a novel cross-linker, we were able to produce chitosan films with different behavior characteristics in aqueous media - Procedures for sealing chitosan films have been established and factors affecting the seal strength were evaluated
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
1. Chen W., Lowe R.B., Davidson P.M., Zivanovic S. 2014. Comparison of methods for evaluating antimicrobial properties of hydrocolloid-based films using chitosan as a model. IFT'14 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, June 21 24, 2014.
2. Guo P., Floyd A., Zivanovic S. 2014. Comparison of grafting efficiency of three phenolic acids onto chitosan in different ethanol solutions. IFT'14 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, June 21 24, 2014.
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Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: scientists in academia and industry Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Two master students are working on projects related to chitosan films How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Peer reviewed journal article, book chapters, posters, and oral presentations What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue working on improving antioxidant properties and stability of chitosan films
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Three phenolic adics were used to enhance antioxidant (AOX) properties of chitosan. Efficiency of grafting was evaluated by series of analytical methods. Grafted chitosan was used to produce films and the films were evaluated for AOX activity and physical properties. Crosslinkers in various concentrations were applied to enhance stability of chitosan films and membranes in water.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Schreiber S., Zivanovic S., Bozell J., Hayes D. 2013. Introduction of primary antioxidant activity to chitosan for application as a multifunctional food additive. Food Hydrocolloids, 33(2):207-214.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Packaging properties - prof. Svetlana Zivanovic, University of Tennessee
International Innovation. Solution-led Science. August 2013. 61-63 (ISSN 2951-8528)
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
David A. Golden and Svetlana Zivanovic. Chapter 6 Chitosan as a Food Antimicrobial. In Handbook of natural antimicrobials edited by Matt Taylor. Woodhead Publishing Limited
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Zivanovic S. Ch. 19 on Using ebeam technology to improve the functionality of biodegradable food packaging. In Electron beam pasteurization and complementary food processing technologies, edited by: Suresh D. Pillai and Shima Shayanfar. Woodhead Publishing Limited
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Zivanovic S., Schreiber S. 2013. Chitosan-based packaging with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. International Conference on Food and Biosystems Engineering. I.C. FaBE. Skiathos, Greece. May 30 June 02, 2013.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Objective 1, Task 1: When applied for 3-hr contact time, chitosan showed the greatest reduction of MS2, followed by FCV-F9, phi X174, and MNV-1. The effect of chitosan's molecular weight was seen with MS2, with higher MW being more efficient, and 0.7% of ~1,150kDa causing complete inactivation. Increasing the concentration of chitosan from 0.7 to 1.5% reduced the titer of MS2 and FCV-F9 by ~5 and ~3 logs, respectively. However, shorter chitosan-virus contact time (less than 2 hr) was insufficient to reduce the titer for more than 2 logs. In addition, antiviral activity of chitosan was pronounced more at 37 C than at 22 C. In general, antiviral effect of chitosan is dependent on its concentration, contact time, temperature, and target viruses. Objective 1, Task 2: The work on grafting chitosan with a phenolic acid continued. Gallic acid-grafted chitosan films were prepared by casting and used as packaging material for peanuts and potato chips. The antioxidant properties were evaluated during extended storage at 50C and RH of 20-30%. The efficiency of the grafted films was compared to pure chitosan films, films prepared from mixture of chitosan and gallic acid, and to polyethylene bags. Grafted chitosan showed significant primary antioxidant activity and formed the films with excellent puncture strength and stability, evidenced by stable antioxidant activity over 15 weeks at 50C. The grafted films reduced malondialdehyde, peroxide and conjugated triene formation as compared to polyethylene bags and caused a 2-log reduction of S. Typhimurium. Chitosan films with the primary antioxidant properties of gallic acid show promise for multifunctional food packaging. Objective 2, Tasks 1 and 2: Soluble and insoluble beta glucans were extracted from Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yields of crude extracts were the highest for yeast and lowest for Agaricus, ranging from 7.7 to 30 mg/100g dw for soluble glucans and 1.1 to 4.5 g/100g dw for insoluble glucans. Chitin was dominant compound in A. bisorus insoluble extract, total neutral carbohydrates were the major fraction in the extract from S. cerevisiae, while L. edodes extract was composed of similar levels of chitin and carbohydrates. Although soluble beta-glucan content in common mushrooms (A. bisporus) is insufficient for the mushrooms to be labeled as good source of beta-glucan soluble fiber, content of insoluble beta-glucan at the level of ~1 mg/100 g fw may be valuable contribution in enhancing the immune system in consumers. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Packaging industry; Producers and packers of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, etc.: Chitosan and gallic acid-grafted chitosan films show promise in creating antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant packaging for the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry. Mushroom producers: Availability and consumption rate of Agaricus bisporus (common white button mushroom) may compensate for relatively low levels of soluble and insoluble beta-glucans and contribute to enhancing the immune system in consumers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Objective 1: Chitosan and gallic acid-grafted chitosan films show promise in creating antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant packaging for the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry. Objective 2: Availability and consumption rate of Agaricus bisporus (common white button mushroom) may compensate for relatively low levels of soluble and insoluble beta-glucans and contribute to enhancing the immune system in consumers.
Publications
- Schreiber S., Zivanovic S., Bozell J., Hayes D. (2013) Introduction of primary antioxidant activity to chitosan for application as a multifunctional food additive. Food Hydrocolloids. In Press
- Davis R., Zivanovic S., P.M. Davidson, DSouza D. 2012. Effectiveness of chitosan on the reduction of enteric viral surrogates. Food Microbiology, 32:57-62.
- Pangloli P., Lewis J., Zivanovic S. 2012. β-Glucans in edible mushrooms and yeast. IFT'12 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 25-28, 2012.
- Ganapathy R., DSouza D.H., Zivanovic S. 2012. In vitro time and temperature-dependent effects of three molecular weight chitosans on human norovirus surrogates. IFT'12 Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 25-28, 2012.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Objective 1, Task 1: In evaluation of antiviral properties of chitosan, chitosan showed the greatest reduction of MS2, followed by FCV-F9, phi X174, and MNV-1. The effect of chitosan's molecular weight was seen with MS2, with higher MW being more efficient, and 0.7% of ~1,150kDa causing complete inactivation. Increasing the concentration of chitosan from 0.7 to 1.5% reduced the titer of MS2 and FCV-F9 by ~5 and ~3 logs, respectively. Although chitosan was ineffective against MNV-1, its ability to significantly reduce MS2 and FCV-F9, suggests its use for future foodborne viral control. Objective 1, Task 2: The work on grafting chitosan with a phenolic acid continued. Gallic acid-grafted chitosan films were prepared by casting and used as packaging material for peanuts and potato chips. The antioxidant properties were evaluated during extended storage at 50C and RH of 20-30%. The efficiency of the grafted films was compared to pure chitosan films, films prepared from mixture of chitosan and gallic acid, and to polyethylene bags. Grafted chitosan showed significant primary antioxidant activity and formed the films with excellent puncture strength and stability, evidenced by stable antioxidant activity over 15 weeks at 50C. The grafted films reduced malondialdehyde, peroxide and conjugated triene formation as compared to polyethylene bags and caused a 2-log reduction of S. Typhimurium. Chitosan films with the primary antioxidant properties of gallic acid show promise for multifunctional food packaging. Objective 2, Tasks 1 and 2: Soluble and insoluble beta glucans were extracted from Agaricus bisporus, Lentinus edodes, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yields of crude extracts were the highest for yeast and lowest for Agaricus, ranging from 7.7 to 30 mg/100g dw for soluble glucans and 1.1 to 4.5 g/100g dw for insoluble glucans. Although common white button mushroom had about one fourth of glucan extracts compared to baker's yeast and about one half of glucans in shiitake mushrooms, availability and consumption rate may compensate for relatively low levels of glucans. PARTICIPANTS: PI: Zivanovic, Svetlana; graduate students: Schreiber, Stephanie and Davis, Robert. TARGET AUDIENCES: Researchers in the food and packaging industry PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: None
Impacts
Objective 1: chitosan and gallic acid-grafted chitosan films show extraordinary promise in creating antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidant packaging for the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry. Objective 2: Availability and consumption rate of Agaricus bisporus (common white button mushroom) may compensate for relatively low levels of beta glucans and thus provide considerable amounts of these beneficial dietary fibers.
Publications
- Schreiber S., Zivanovic S. 2011. Chitosan-gallic acid films as multifunctional food packaging. 2011 IFT Annual Meeting, New Orleans LA, June 11-14, 2011.
- Schreiber S., Zivanovic S., Bozell J., Hayes D. (2011) Introduction of primary antioxidant Activity to chitosan for application as a multifunctional food additive. Submitted to J Agri Food Chem.
- Davis R., Zivanovic S, DSouza D.H., Davidson P.M. (2011) Effectiveness of different concentrations of chitosan on the inactivation of enteric viral surrogates. Submitted to Food Microbiology.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the objective # 1.Develop novel technologies to improve chemical and microbiological safety of food and water (1.1. Evaluation of antiviral properties of chitosan, and 1.2.Designing and characterizing chitosan-based films and particles for advanced water purification), we have evaluated activity of chitosan on foodborne viral surrogates and investigated effect of chitosan's molecular weight and degree of acetylation on its efficiency. We also evaluated effects of molecular weight of chitosan on physical and metal-binding properties of nanothin films. In addition, to improve antioxidant efficiency of chitosan films, we grafted phenolic acids to chitosan and investigated effect of type of the phenolic acid, ratio of reactants, degree of deacatylation of chitosan, and time of reaction on grafting efficiency. Grafted chitosan was further used to prepare multifunctional films and their physical, chemical and antimicrobial properties were determined. For the objective #2. Develop extraction methodology and characterize soluble and insoluble beta-glucans from fungal sources, we extracted soluble and insoluble beta-glucans from edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus and Lentinus edodes) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the quantification and characterization of these isolates are currently being conducted. PARTICIPANTS: Students: Robert Davis Stephanie Schreiber; Collaborators: Doris DSouza TARGET AUDIENCES: Food scientists and industry Packaging and industry PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The results of the research under objective #1 will assist in creating multifunctional packaging for the food, agricultural and pharmaceutical industry.
Publications
- Schreiber S., Zivanovic S. 2010. Chitosan grafted with phenolics to promote antioxidant activities. 240th ACS Meeting, Boston, MA, August 22-26, 2010.
- Zivanovic S., Davis R., Li J. 2010. Determination of chitosan in aqueous solutions. 240th ACS Meeting, Boston, MA, August 22-26, 2010.
- Davis R.H., DSouza D.H., Zivanovic S. 2010. The effect of different molecular weight chitosans on the inactivation of bacteriophages MS2 and phi X174. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, IFT 10. July 17-20, 2010. Chicago, IL.
- Jones J.B., Zivanovic S. 2010. Chromium binding applications of ultra-thin chitosan films made with different molecular weight chitosans. Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting, IFT 10. July 17-20, 2010. Chicago, IL.
- Davis R., DSouza D.H., Zivanovic S. 2010. Antiviral effects of chitosan as affected by its molecular weight and degree of acetylation. Comparative & Experimental Medicine and Public Health Research Symposium. June 14 & 15, 2010. Knoxville, TN.
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