Understanding the Well-Being of Hawaii's Families

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
802	6020	3080	100%

Progress 07/15/05 to 09/30/09

Outputs
OUTPUTS: Over five years, this integrated research/extension umbrella project included 22 sub-projects. Cumulative outputs are organized into three focal content areas. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SOCIAL INDICATORS. We conducted four studies of population health. Topics were (a) urban vs. rural health disparities among Hawaii's elderly, (b) social integration and health status among Hawaii elders, (c) mortality among China's elderly, and (d) teen pregnancy in Bangladesh. Three social indicator studies addressed (a) quality of life in Hawaii including estimation of self-sufficiency wage levels, (b) social welfare indicators for Hawaii's children, and (c) the needs and outcomes of homeless individuals and families. These studies explored trends over time and compared county, state, and national data. We continue to update and host the online Data Center on Hawaii's Children, Families, and the Aging, posting social indicator data, technical reports, research reports, and related resources. FAMILY DYNAMICS AND RESILIENCY. Four studies using data on Hawaii families addressed (a) resource exchanges between elderly persons and their adult children; (b) the prevalence of family resilience behaviors in the general population; (c) life satisfaction and resilience in Caucasian, minority, and multi-ethnic families; and (d) the protective role of parenting practices and family values for low-income Native Hawaiian adolescents. We also collaborated with other universities on three ongoing longitudinal studies of youth development in ethnically diverse families. These studies addressed the complex transactions between trajectories of youth psychosocial development, pubertal development, family dynamics, ethnicity and culture, and youth daily time use. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR COMMUNITY AGENCIES. Three projects focused on improving the quality of early childhood education and care by using innovative and cost-effective methods for parent education, teacher/caregiver professional development, and quality monitoring. Participants were parents, center-based teachers, and home-based care providers. A fourth project providing training to small nonprofit organizations to improve their administrative infrastructure and ability to obtain grant funds. Three applied research projects addressed (a) clientele, services, and outcomes of state-funded substance abuse treatment and prevention programs; (b) Hawaii's capacity to implement a model program for youths who are exiting the foster care system and starting their lives as independent adults, and (c) a study of how personality factors affect the functioning of community-based prevention teams. Overall, we have produced (a) 23 academic books, chapters and journal articles; (b) 39 conference presentations; (c) 15 research and technical reports; (d) 9 extension publications in print, electronic, and video formats; (e) two curricula disseminated as monthly educational packets; and (f) a monthly e-mail bulletin. Over 44,000 copies of extension materials were distributed and over 15,000 families and 9,000 practitioners received training or professional development. PARTICIPANTS: INDIVIDUALS 2008-2009 (Faculty members on the project team) Shriram Bhutada Barbara DeBaryshe Grace Fong Shi-Jen He Ji-Yeon Kim Hosik Min Yanhan Nie Ivette Rodriguez Stern Sarah Yuan Sylvia Yuen INDIVIDUAL COLLABORATORS 2008-2009 Alan Booth, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Emil Cansler, Arizona State University Ann C. Crouter, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Aryn M. Dotterer, Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Susan M. McHale, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Mark E. Feinberg, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Mark T. Greenberg, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University Kimberly A. Updegraff, Ph.D., Arizona State University PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS 2008-2009 Annie E. Casie Foundation Hawaii Association for the Education of Young Children Hawaii Community Foundation Hawaii Public Housing Authority, Homeless Branch Program Hawaii Youth Opportunities Advisory Council Honolulu Community Action Program Head Start Honolulu Community College Jim Casie Foundation People Attentive to Children State of Hawaii Department of Education State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism State of Hawaii Department of Health State of Hawaii Department of Human Services TRAINING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT (2008-2009) A monthly average of 226 family child care providers participating in the Quality Care incentive program received orientation training, monthly educational packets, and in-home technical assistance visits. This program also offered training classes on topics in early childhood education in collaboration with PATCH, as well as on-site technical assistance meetings to licensed childcare centers applying for quality incentive verification. A monthly average of 3,300 families enrolled in the Learning to Grow program received monthly educational packets. Over 1,000 early childhood professionals and administrators attended training sessions on how to use project resource materials. Eight teachers in four Head Start classrooms received 36 hours of formal workshops, and 96 hours per classroom of on-site coaching and technical assistance. TARGET AUDIENCES: (a) Academic researchers in the fields of family science, human development, sociology, economics, public policy, education, and social services. (b) Administrators of state and local nonprofit agencies relating to health, human services, education, and economic development. (c) Service providers and advocates who work with children, families, or the aging, especially those who work with at-risk groups. (d) State legislators and policy makers. (e) The general public. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Outcomes for 2008-2009 are listed according to focal content area. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND SOCIAL INDICATORS. We established systems for selecting and automatically updating reliable and timely social indicator data for Hawaii. (a) Hawaii now has a comprehensive quality of life framework and trend data to allow for monitoring of key social indicators. The framework is based on six domains (economic, education, environment, health, housing and transportation, social) each of which includes living conditions, outcomes of social goals, social ties and social inequalities. Sixty seven indicators were collected and annually updated at the county, state, and national levels on the Center website for public use. (b) The Homeless Management Information System and related reports are unique sources of regularly-reported, empirical data on the characteristics of homeless persons and homeless services use in Hawaii. Results are used by service agencies and the state to reallocate resources to areas of greatest need. Our studies of health issues for Hawaii elders yield recommendations for public health policy, highlighting formerly unknown needs of rural and minority elders. FAMILY DYNAMICS AND RESILIENCY. (a) Our study on daily activities of Mexican-American adolescents contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of cultural orientation, practices, and values instead of treating ethnicity as one simple demographic variable. It also extended findings of prior research on daily time use to minority youth. (b) Our study on the development of gendered interests and personality quality was among the first to explore both social and biological factors longitudinally including biological sex, birth order, gendered social context and testosterone levels. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR COMMUNITY AGENCIES. Our early childhood education projects have increased the skills and knowledge of parents, teachers, and caregivers who will continue to support children's healthy development. (a) The state now has a functioning system for monitoring quality and providing quality incentives for home-based childcare providers and has the tools in place for doing the same for infant-toddler centers. (b) 98% of participating home-based providers were in compliance with program requirements for developmentally appropriate learning activities. (c) 53% of eligible children registered to receive free monthly books and the frequency of parent-child book-reading increased among recipients. (d) Head Start classrooms showed significant gains on classroom quality, scoring well above national norms and children made significant gains on tests of academic skills. (e) Parents, teachers, and care providers report increased knowledge of child development and greater confidence and skill in meeting children's learning and needs. In other work, leaders in the state foster care system are working to implement the Initiatives Theory of Change model to improve support for youths transitioning out of foster care. Finally, our study of personality characteristics and prevention team functioning was among the first to explore this issue.

Publications

Tom, A., Yuen, S., Fong, G., Nemoto, M., Hisatake, T., Choy, A., & Chang, W. (2009). Raising resilient children during touch economic times. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
Yuan, S., Kole, S., & Yuen, S., (2008). Homeless services utilization report; Hawaii 2008. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
Yuan, S., Kole, S., Hwang, S. Y., Manlagnit, M. C., Yuen, S., & He, S. J. (2009). Quality of life in Hawaii, 2009 report. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
Yuan, S., Kole, S., Hwang, S. Y., Manlagnit, M. C., Yuen, S., & He, S. J. (2009). Quality of life in Hawaii, 2009 report: Framework, indicators, and technical documentation. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
Yuen, S., Tanaka, D., & Fong, G. (2009). Managing job loss and financial stress: A personal and family guide. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
DeBaryshe, B. D., Gorecki, D. M., & Mishima-Young, L. N. (2009). Differentiation instruction to support high-risk preschool learners. NHSA Dialog, 12, 227-244.
Feinberg, M., Kim, J., & Greenberg, M. (2008). Personality and community prevention teams: Dimensions of team leader and member personality predicting team functioning. Evaluation and Program Planning, 32, 403-409
Fong, G., Hisatake, T., Chang,W., Choy, A., Nemoto, M., & Yuen, S. (2009). Raising a school ready child: A family guide. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, Center on the Family.
McHale, S. M., Kim, J., Dotterer, A. M., Crouter, A. C., & Booth, A. (2009). The development of gendered interests and personality qualities from middle childhood through adolescence: A bio-social analysis. Child Development, 80, 482-495.
McHale, S. M., Dotterer, A. M., & Kim, J. (2009). Studying media effects on children: Improving methods and measures. American Behavioral Scientist, 52, 1186-1203
McHale, S. M., Updegraff, K. A., Kim, J., & Cansler, E. (2009). Cultural orientations, daily activities, and adjustment in Mexican American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 627-641.

Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08

Outputs
OUTPUTS: This integrated research/extension project includes 11 sub-projects that address the unifying topic of risk and resiliency in Hawaii's multicultural population. Outputs are presented below, organized into four focus areas. (1) Improving the Quality of Life in Hawaii. We organized a network of state agencies and nonprofit organizations to design an updated study of quality of life indicators and identify data sources. A literature review has been conducted and data analysis is in progress. We assisted to revise client intake and exit forms for the Homeless Management Information System in which 23 service agencies enter data on over 12,000 homeless individuals. Data analyses were conducted on demographic characteristics of homeless service users, length of such services, and outcomes for persons who exited services. The resulting Homeless Service Utilization Report was distributed to HUD and HPHA agencies, state legislators, and Partners in Care participants. We worked with the Hawaii Department of Health Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (ADAD) to analyze data and develop a report on treatment services provide statewide from 2000 to 2006. This report was distributed to ADAD agencies, state legislators, and community service providers. Finally, we collected updated social indicator data and relevant publications for the on-line Data Center on Hawaii's Aging. Results regarding long-term care needs were also presented at local conferences for gerontologists and service providers. (2) Family Dynamics. We conducted a study of intergenerational living arrangements in Hawaii from 1980 to 2006 using Census data. We also analyzed data from a longitudinal study of 181 sibling pairs, in which we looked at similarities and differences in adolescent siblings' time use. We designed the research protocol for a study of the motives and perceived meaning of intergenerational support exchanges between young adult daughters and middle age mothers. (3) Population Dynamics. We conducted research on (a) mortality among the elderly in China, and (b) teen childbearing in Bangladesh, using population study data from the respective countries. Results were disseminated via academic publications and the U.S.-AID website. We also designed the research protocol for two new studies on changing family structures and rural population aging and health in Hawaii. (4) Early Childhood Education. Curriculum materials, and over 900 hours of training and consultation were provided to 19 Head Start teachers and 150 parents. We produced a report on school readiness in Hawaii that included data on the quality of early childhood education in the state, along with recommended actions for improving the early education services provided to families with children from birth though age five. 5,000 copies of this report were printed and disseminated to legislators, early childhood educators, and partner agencies of the Aloha United Way. Products for the year included: 7 publications; 2 new and 2 continuing grants for a yearly total of $641,287 in extramural funds; and 14 conference presentations. PARTICIPANTS: The six individual investigators on this project were: Barbara DeBaryshe, Shi-Jen He, Ji-Yeon Kim, Hosik Min, Sarah Yuan, and Sylvia Yuen. Our five partner organizations were the: (1) Aloha United Way; (2) Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism; (3) Hawaii State Department of Health, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (4) Hawaii Public Housing Authority, Homeless Program Branch; and (5) Honolulu Community Action Program, Oahu Head Start. The five individual collaborators from other institutions were: (1) Ann Ann C. Crouter, Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University, (2) Susan M. McHale, Ph.D., The Pennsylvania State University; (3) Dudley L. Poston, Jr., Ph.D., Texas A & M University; (4) Quamnrun Nahar, M.D., Ph.D., Knowledge for Global Lifesaving Solutions, Dhaka, Bangladesh; and (5) Lilly Shanahan, Ph.D., University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. Training and professional development activities included the following: (1) 100 hours of parent education was provided to 150 Head Start parents, (2) 826 hours of professional development was provided to 19 Head Start teachers, and (3)40 hours (3 credit hours) of college coursework was provided to 11 Head Start teachers. TARGET AUDIENCES: (1) Administrators of state agencies and local nonprofit community agencies relating to health, human services, education, and economic development; (2) Hawaii State legislators; (3) Service providers and advocates who work with at-risk populations including older adults, homeless persons, low-income families, and substance-abusing individuals; (4) Academic researchers; and (5) Head Start teachers, parents and children. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.

Impacts
Each of our sub-projects has led to changes in knowledge and actions. It is still too early to have documented evidence of related changes in broader social conditions. Highlights of this year's outcomes include: (1) Participants in our quality of life networking group have become more aware of the current state of quality of life research and the latest techniques in social indicator measurement. This has resulted in the tracking of additional quality of life indicators by Hawaii agencies that will be used to enhance state and county planning. (2) Results from the Homeless Service Utilization Report increased knowledge of the current conditions of homeless individuals and families among service providers, legislators, and state agencies. We found that 13-18 percent of homeless service recipients are children under age 6 and that only one-third of homeless shelter residents who exited these sites had successfully completed a service plan. Completion of a service plan was an important predictor of good outcomes, as 75% of those with a completed service plan transitioned into rental or owned housing. (3) Our Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Report provided the first statewide study on treatment service utilization including client characteristics and treatment outcomes. This information was used by service providers and the State Department of Health to evaluate treatment needs and treatment effectiveness. (4) Our studies of intergenerational relationships have described the crucial role of family support across generations. Between 1980 and 2006, shared living arrangements involving adult children and their elderly parents became more common among Hawaiians, Filipinos and Whites. Currently in Hawaii, one-third of adults between the ages of 65 and over, live with their children. Most families provide substantial financial assistance across generations, and 14-18% of family members who do not live together provide practical assistance. Support flows more often from the older generation to younger recipients, even for co-residence. These results suggest that contrary to popular conceptions of the sandwich generation, mid-life families benefit from the ongoing assistance of the older generation. (5) Our study of sibling dynamics was among the first to look at time use by siblings rather than one child per family, and to measure patterns of sibling dynamics over time. We identified three patterns of similarities and differences in siblings' time use. The association between sibling relationship quality and time use patterns varied as a function of the older sibling's gender. (6) Our work in early childhood education has led to improved knowledge by both teachers and parents on how to support children's learning. Behavioral changes included increased parental involvement in home learning activities, and marked improvements in the quality of preschool classrooms. These changes on the part of the adults resulted in significant growth in children's learning on all 11 outcome measures of language, literacy, and mathematical development. Our professional development and parent education model has been shared with other early childhood researchers.

Publications

Nahar, Q, & Min, HS. (2008). Adolescent childbearing in Bangladesh: Levels, trends, and determinants of timing of first birth. DHS working Papers no. 48, Macro International Inc., Demographic and Health Research Division, Calverton, MD. Available on-line at http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM518.pdf
Nahar, Q., Tom, M. F., Yuen, S., Yuan, S., Zhang, J., & Okano, S.Y. (2008). Alcohol and drug treatment services, 2000, 2003, and 2006, provided by the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (ADAD), Hawaii Department of Health. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Center on the Family.
Poston Jr., D. L., & Min, H. S. (2008). The effects of sociodemographic factors on the hazard of dying among aged Chinese males and females. In Y. Zeng, D. L. Poston Jr., D. A. Vlosky, and D. Gu D. (Eds.), Healthy longevity in China: Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological dimensions (pp. 121-131). New York: Springer.
Ripke, M., Crespo, N., Kim, J., Yuen, S., & Yuan, S. (2007). Homeless service utilization report: Hawaii 2007. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Center on the Family.
Shanahan, L., Kim, J., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2007). Sibling similarities and differences in time use: A pattern-analytic, within-family approach. Social Development, 16, 663-681.
Center on the Family (2008). Data Center on Hawaii's Aging. Available on line at: http://uhfamily.hawaii.edu/Cof_Data/aging/aging.asp
DeBaryshe, B. D., Yuen, S., & Ripke, M. (2008). School readiness in Hawaii. (Available from the University of Hawaii Center on the Family, 2515 Campus Rd., Honolulu, HI, 96822.)

Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07

Outputs
OUTPUTS: This integrated research/extension project includes 10 sub-projects, all of which address the unifying topic of risk and resiliency in Hawaii's multicultural population. This research provides a basis for extension and outreach activities that support the well-being of children, families, and older adults in our state. (1) We coordinated the Homeless Management Information System in which 23 service agencies provided intake and service use data on almost 6,000 sheltered individuals and over 4,700 unsheltered individuals. The database includes demographic data as well as information on precipitating factors, mental health needs, and outcomes for persons who exit services. The resulting Homeless Service Utilization Report was distributed to HUD and HPHA agencies, state legislators, and Partners in Care participants. (2) We worked with the Hawaii Department of Health Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (ADAD) to select a set of indicators that measure substance use and consequences. We wrote and distributed two reports for ADAD, one on treatment services provided from 2000-2006, and an epidemiological profile of substance use in the juvenile and adult populations. (3) We collected two new data sets on family strengths. The Family Touchstones dataset includes indicators of family strengths (such as shared family meals and leisure time) in a state-wide representative sample of over 6,000 households. For the Family Intergenerational Relationship Study we collected data on intergenerational interaction, obligations, supports, and economic transfers in a state-wide representative sample of 2,675 adults. (4) We collected existing databases from State and national agencies, and began data analysis for two social indicator projects. One tracks indictors of the quality of life in Hawaii, with a focus on both the state and county levels. The second will provide small-area estimates of demographic, economic, health, and education indicators. Theses data will be presented in a set 43 community profiles, which will allow for a comparison of community-level risk and resilience factors. (5) We conducted two studies of family ethnicity and resilience. In one study, we compared resiliency factors in Caucasian, multi-ethnic, and mono-ethnic minority families. In the second study, we tested a model of resiliency processes in Native Hawaiian adolescents living in poverty. (6) We continue to distribute data-based reports such as the Hawaii's Older Adult Demographic Profile (distributed to over 1,000 community clients) and the monthly electronic Hawaii Kids Count E-Bulletin (distributed to over 2,000 community clients). (7) We continue to update data and print resources posted on our three websites-the Data Center on Children and Families, Hawaii Kids Count, and the Data Center on Hawaii's Aging. Products for the year included: one book; four book chapters; four journal articles; eight technical reports/outreach publications; four external grants for a total of $509,913; and 16 presentations at international, national, regional, state, and community conferences. PARTICIPANTS: INDIVIDUALS who work on this project include the following investigators: Drs. Sylvia Yuen, Barbara DeBaryshe, Shi Jen He, Ji-Yeon Kim, Hosik Min, and Sarah Yuan. Several research associates, project coordinators, and graduate assistants also contribute to this project. Their salaries are paid by external grants and contracts. These persons are: Natalie Crespo, Prabode Illukpitiya, Harumi Karel, Quamrun Nahar, Marika Ripke, Ivette Rodriguez Stern, and Michael Ullman Our PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS include the following: Aloha United Way, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Hawaii Medical Services Association, Hawaii Public Housing Authority, Partners in Care, State of Hawaii Department of Education, State of Hawaii Department of Health Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division, State of Hawaii Department of Health Executive Office on Aging, State of Hawaii Department of Human Services, and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. TARGET AUDIENCES: Our TARGET AUDIENCES include the following: researchers and academics in the family social sciences; state legislators and policy-makers; state departments and agencies in the areas of social welfare, health, education, and community economic development; and community service providers. Our TRAINING EFFORTS include: presentations and workshops provided for state legislators and state/community agencies and extension/outreach in the form of websites, electronic bulletins and printed reports.

Impacts
Three of our studies resulted in new basic knowledge relating to risk and resiliency process in Hawaii's multicultural families. (1) Our analysis of data from 167 low-income Native Hawaiian adolescents showed that warm, responsive parenting in conjunction with the youth's own sense of obligation to his/her family protected children's physical and mental health. (2) Our analysis of data on 3,745 Hawaii couples compared risk and resiliency factors in white, mono-ethnic minority, and multiethnic families. One controversy in the literature is whether the stresses faced by multiethnic families are due to their multiple ethnicity per se, or to their (partial) minority group status. We found that multi-ethnic families were similar to mono-ethnic minority families with one exception-multiethnic families showed unique strengths in terms of appreciating and supporting diversity. (3) Our analysis of the intergenerational support data (n = 2,675) is in the initial stages. However, we have found interesting differences between specific Asian and Pacific Islander sub-groups which belie the common assumption that these groups are all highly collectivistic. Specifically, Filipino Americans had the strongest beliefs that older parents are entitled to support from their children, while Japanese Americans were similar to European Americans in holding weaker norms for filial responsibility. Filipino women shouldered the heaviest burden of care for frail parents. These results have implications for social service needs for Hawaii's rapidly aging population. Several of our studies have been highlighted in the local media and thus increased knowledge in the community. (4) Our Economic Self-Sufficiency Report provided the first county-level estimates of the minimum necessary living wage for a family of four. (5) Media coverage of the Hawaii's Older Adults: Demographic Profile has raised public awareness about the wellbeing of our older population and the future needs for in-home assistance and long-term care. Finally, two of our projects have resulted in policy actions by state and community agencies. (6) The Hawaii Homeless Service Utilization Report debunked several common myths about our homeless population. For example, most homeless citizens are local-born or long-term residents. Many homeless adults are employed, but still cannot afford housing. Financial difficulties, not mental illness or substance use is the primary cause of homelessness. And most dramatic, almost one-third of Hawaii's homeless are children-a figure that rises to almost 50% in Kauai County. Based on these data, the State has increased funding for homeless services, especially for services that support families with children. (7) The Hawaii Epidemiological Profile for Substance Abuse Prevention was used by the State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (ADAD) to prioritize areas of need and action. Based on this report, ADAD determined that the most pressing need is to reduce juvenile alcohol use. This new priority will be used to determine allocations of $11.5 million of federal service funds over the next five years.

Publications

9. Huston, A, & Ripke, M. (2006). Experiences in middle childhood and children's development: A summary and integration of research. In A. C. Huston and M. N. Ripke (Eds.), Developmental contexts in middle childhood (pp. 409-434). New York: Cambridge.
10. Huston, A, & Ripke, M. (2006). Middle childhood: Contexts of development. In A. C. Huston and M. N. Ripke (Eds.), Developmental contexts in middle childhood (pp. 1-22). New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. Huston, A. C., & Ripke, M. N. (Eds.) (2006). Developmental contexts in middle childhood. New York: Cambridge.
12. Huston, A.C., Epps, S.R., Shim, M.S., Duncan, G.J., Crosby, D.A., & Ripke, M. N. (2006). Effects of a family poverty intervention program last from middle childhood to adolescence. In A. C. Huston and M. N. Ripke (Eds.), Developmental contexts in middle childhood (pp. 385-408). New York: Cambridge.
13. Kim, H. G., Poston D. L. Jr., & Min, H. (2007), Causes of death among the elderly in Korea: A comparison of dementia with other causes. Korea Journal of Population Studies, 31(1):1-14.
14. Kim, J., McHale, S. M., Crouter, A. C., & Osgood, W. D. (2007). Longitudinal linkages between sibling relationships and adjustment from middle childhood through adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 43, 960-973.
15. McHale, S. M., Whiteman, S. D., Kim, J., & Crouter, A. C. (2007). Characteristics and correlates of sibling relationships in two-parent African American families. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 227-235.
16. Nahar, Q., Yuan, S., & Yuen, S. (2006). Perceptions and use of methamphetamine and other drugs in Hawaii County. Report to the Hawaii Community Foundation.
1. Center on the Family (2007). Data Center on Children and Families: http://uhfamily.hawaii.edu/cof_data/cfi/family_indicators.asp
2. Center on the Family (2007). Data Center on Hawaii's Aging : http://uhfamily.hawaii.edu/Cof_Data/aging/aging.asp
3. Center on the Family (2007). Hawaii Kids Count: http://uhfamily.hawaii.edu/hawaii_kids_count/kids_count.asp
4. Chandler, S., Mokuau, N., & Yuen, S. (2007). Quality of life. In Hawaii 2050: Building a shared future. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Task Force.
5. DeBaryshe, B. D., Yuen, S., Nakamura, L., & Stern, I. R. (2006). The roles of family obligation and parenting practices in explaining the well-being of Native Hawaiian adolescents living in poverty. Hulili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-being, 3, 107-129.
6. He, S.J., Yuan, S. Illukpitiya, P., & Yuen, S. (2007). Economic well-Being in Hawaii: Family and individual self-sufficiency-AUW report. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
7. He, S.J., Yuan, S. Illukpitiya, P., & Yuen, S. (2007). Technical notes for economic well-being in Hawaii: Family and individual self-sufficiency-AUW report. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
8. He, S.J., Yuan, S., Nahar, Q., Min, H., & Yuen, S. (2007) Hawaii epidemiological profile for substance abuse prevention. Report prepared for the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (ADAD), Hawaii Department of Health.
20. Ripke, M., Huston, A., & Casey, D. (2006). Low-income children's activity participation as a predictor of psychosocial and academic outcomes in middle childhood and adolescence. In A. C. Huston and M. N. Ripke (Eds.), Developmental contexts in middle childhood (pp. 260-282). New York: Cambridge.
17. Ripke, M., & Center on the Family (Oct. 2006-present). Hawaii Kids Count e-bulletin. Monthly electronic newsletter.
18. Ripke, M., & Huston, A.C. (2006). Poverty: Consequences for children. In Balter and C. Tamis-LeMonda (Eds.), Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues (2nd ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
19. Ripke, M., & Yuen, S. (2007). Kids Count in Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
21. Ullman, M., Ripke, M., Yuen, S., & Yuan, S. (2006). Homeless service utilization report: Hawaii 2006. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.
22. Yuan, S., Karel, H., & Yuen, S. (2007). Hawaii's Older Adults: Demographic Profile. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Center on the Family.

Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06

Outputs
This integrated project includes research on risk and resiliency in Hawaii's multicultural population. The research provides a basis for extension and outreach activities that support the wellbeing of children, families, and older adults in our state. DATA COLLECTION & DISSEMINATION: We conducted two large-scale studies using representative samples of households across the state. Data on intergenerational solidarity and conflict were collected from 2,675 adults and data on family characteristics that promote resilience were collected from over 6,000 households. These data will be the basis of research and outreach publications. In collaboration with public and private agencies, we enhanced the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), a state-wide database on the homeless population. All state-funded shelter and outreach programs that serve the homeless enter data into the HMIS. We launched the web-based Data Center on Hawaii's Aging, which includes state and national data on over 180 indicators and a resource bank of over 600 publications on the aging in Hawaii. We also disseminated data on the wellbeing of Hawaii's children through the on-line Hawaii Kids Count Virtual Databook and a monthly e-mail newsletter that reaches over 1,000 service agencies, community advocates, and legislators. CONFERENCES: A research conference on multi-ethnic families was attended by 30 academics from eight states and Canada. The public keynote address attracted over 250 attendees. The conference resulted in an edited book now under contract negotiations. We also co-sponsored the first annual Hawaii Fatherhood Conference, an extension event attended by over 200 people. CAPACITY BUILDING FOR AGENCIES & FAMILIES: Our Learning to Grow initiative helps parents and caregivers ensure that children under age five are healthy, safe, and ready for school. Over 3,000 parents and caregivers received monthly mailings with resource information and ideas for early learning activities, while over 2,200 children received free age-appropriate books. Over 2,000 parents who applied for state childcare subsidizes saw a video and received information about selecting quality childcare; 97% of consumers rated these materials as good or excellent. We also collaborated with the state Department of Education and 23 agencies to open 15 Family Resource Network Centers in selected public schools and community sites. These centers provide parents and school staff with resources on family and parenting issues. Learning to Grow publications included a set of developmental guidelines and a book of learning activities for infants and toddlers. These materials have been distributed to almost 2,000 families and agencies. Over 300 professionals attended training sessions on the developmental guidelines; 98% rated the training as good or excellent. In the Compassion Capital initiative, we provided workshops for over 600 representatives of faith-based and community organizations. We worked more intensively with 17 organizations, training 34 fellows in organizational capacity building, providing over 500 hours in customized technical assistance, and awarding over $256,000 in small grants.

Impacts
The Research Conference on Multiethnic Families and the related forthcoming book are the first academic forums for research on families of mixed ethnic heritage. The Data Center on Hawaii's Aging provides the most comprehensive collection of data and publications pertaining to the state's aging adults and is the first web based collection of its kind in the nation. The Homeless Management Information System provides the first uniform, state-wide database on service needs and utilization by Hawaii's homeless population. Before there was no systematic data collection on the needs of homeless children or on risk factors that are gateways to homelessness. The various data collected, analyzed, and disseminated by the Center on the Family are used by state and nonprofit agencies to develop new programs, allocate resources, and make informed policy decisions. For example, the State has adopted our developmental guidelines for early childhood as a framework for setting policies and regulations. Based on criteria in the guidelines, childcare providers will receive incentive stipends for improving childcare quality. Our technical support to faith-based and community agencies has improved their organizational structures, grantsmanship, and networking capacities. Our outreach efforts in early childhood have provided parents and caretakers of thousands of at-risk children with children's books, learning activities, and child-rearing information that allow these adults to provide safe and stimulating environments which support children's healthy development and school readiness.

Publications

Bain, F., He, S.J., Kadir, A., Karel, H., Nahar, Q., Yuan, M.Y., Yuan, S., & Yuen, S. (2006). Data Center on Hawaii's Aging Web site. Available at http://www.uhfamily.hawaii.edu/cof_Data/aging/aging.asp.
Fong, G., F., Tom, A., Gorecki, D., Nemoto, M., Hisatake, T., Furoyama, L., & Yuen, S. (2006). Learning to Grow Developmental Guidelines for Infants, Toddlers, and Young Preschoolers. (Available from the Center on the Family, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2515 Campus Road, Miller 103, Honolulu, HI 96822.)
Fong, G., F., Yuen, S., Nemoto, M., Hisatake, T., Furoyama, L., & Motoyama, H. (2005). Learning to Grow Early Learning Activities for Infants and Toddlers. (Available from the Center on the Family, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2515 Campus Road, Miller 103, Honolulu, HI 96822.)
Nemoto, M. A., & Fong, G.F. (2006). Child Care Resource Information. Honolulu, HI: Center on the Family. (Videotape available from the Center on the Family, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2515 Campus Road, Miller 103, Honolulu, HI 96822.)
Ripke, M., Taniguchi, K., & Aton, K. (2005). Perceptions of Family and Health Support Services for Native Hawaiian Children and Families: Findings from Community Evaluations. Hulili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-being, 2, 113-131.
Yee, B. W. K., DeBaryshe, B. D., Yuen, S., Kim, S., & McCubbin, H. (2007). Asian American and Pacific Islander families. In F. Leong, A. G. Inman, A. Ebreo, L. Yang, L. M. Kinoshita, and M. Fu (Eds.). Handbook of Asian American psychology (2nd ed.), 69-86. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05

Outputs
The project was initiated to study the wellbeing of Hawaii families with the following initiatives: (1) Contract with SMS to do a 6,000 family survey encompassing health and wellbeing information and data linking to Center on the Family major projects on touchstone and resilience. Data expected in February 2006. (2) Completed literature review on multiethnic families to be a major overriding theme of the wellbeing project; (3) Completed book chapter on the theory of resilience and wellbeing for multiethnic families published in June 2005; (4) Completed book chapter on the historical roots of wellbeing in Hawaiian families. Accepted for publication by University of Hawaii Press; (5) Delivered two keynote presentations-Groves Conference on Public Policy and Multiethnic Families in September 2005, Washington DC and the National Conference of Hawaiian Civic Clubs on the National Profile of Multiethnic Families, October 2005; (6) Initiated design for qualitative study on resilience of Hawaiian families, longitudinal follow-up. (7) A national research conference on the development and wellbeing of multiethnic families has been announced, papers invited, book planned, and presentations scheduled for February of 2006. Other components of the Hatch grant have just begun.

Impacts
The wellbeing initiative with the focus on multiethnic families has been integrated into the international study of resilience in families directed by Dahlhouse University in Nova Scotia. The public policy ramifications for the wellbeing of multiethnic families have become part of the national debate and of considerable importance to the native Hawaiian legislation before the United States Congress. The theory building on family research has advanced but remains at an embryonic state. It is expected that the COF initiative will foster a major shift in the study of race and ethnicity in the United States.

Publications

McCubbin, L. and McCubbin, H. 2005. Culture and Ethnic Identity in Family Resilience: Dynamic Processes in Trauma and Transformation of Indigenous People. In Michael Under (ed) Pathways to Resilience, Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage.
McCubbin, H. and McCubbin, L. 2005. Ecology of the Hawaiian Family: Ohana Processes in Promoting Health and Wellbeing. In Benjamin Young (ed) Hawaiian Health, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. (in press)
McCubbin, L., Ishikawa, M. and McCubbin, H. 2005. Kanaka Maoli: Native Hawaiians and Their Testimony of Trauma and Resilience. In Anthony Marsella (ed) Cross Cultural Perspectives and Mental Health, New York, NY: American Psychological Association. (in press)