Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:Diagnostic veterinary pathologists, NVSL veterinarians and Indiana Board of Animal Health veterinarians. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Residents in anatomic pathology and some veterinary pathologists were asigned cases to interpret the immunohistochemical reaction. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of surveillance studies were distributed among the agencies providing with the samples to be tested. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The number of immunohistochemical tests for disease surveillance has increased progressively over the last few years in this laboratory. This increase is expected to continue in future years.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During this fiscal year the focus was on immunohistochemical surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in deer and small ruminants. Lymph nodes and/or brain obex specimens were tested. The total number of samples tested was over 10,000. In addition, less than 50 specimens were tested for different infectious pathogens including bovine respiratory syncytial cirus, bovine herpesvirus, transmissible gastroenteritis, porcine circovrus 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and proliferative enteritis of pigs.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:Results of the immunohistochemical testing for transmissble spongiform encephalopathy of cervids and small ruminants will be disseminated among different regulatory agencies such as USDA-NVSL and Indiana BOAH and eventually to owners of the animals tested. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A new technician has been trained in the procedure of tissue sampling and immunohistochemical procedures. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Immunohistochemical test results are reported using theADDL LIMS system are routinely generated and submitted to interested parties. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Major changes are not expected. The focus will be maintained on surveillance of TSE diseases by immunohistochemistry in a variety of ruminant species.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Surveillance for TSEs in wild or domestic animals is critical to maintain consumer's confidence in meat and other edible material from such species. We tested 2,126 specimens with no positive results obtained. The lack of any positive result in the representative sample of animals examined during this period of time reinforces the importance of disease surveillance for this matter and certainly accomplishes the logic goalof maintaining a safe food chain and consumer's confidence.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:Veterinarians. Changes/Problems:The main objective of this study has changed. It is the surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) such as chronic wasting disease, scrapie in sheep, goats and wild cervids (elk, deer). Immunohistochemical methos will be used to detect TSEs. These methods will be applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissues (brain, spinal cord, tonsils, lymph nodes, eyelid, rectum). Evaluation of the immunohistochemical reaction will be made with a photonic microscope. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?A similar or higher number of samples is expected for the 2016-17 fiscal year.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Samples (brain, spinal cord, lymp node, tonsil) were tested from suspect or animals included in the TSE surveillance. A total of 1977 samples were evaluated during last fiscal year.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:Diagnostic veterinary pathologists, NVSL veterinarians and Indiana Board of Animal Helath. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes. Results are reported to pertinent agencies (BOAH, NVSL, etc. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Keep doing surveillance on TSEs.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During this fiscal year the focus was on transmissble spongiform encephalopathies of small ruminants and wild ruminants (deer, elk, etc). A total of 2123 samples were tested by immunohistochemistry for prion disease.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Veterinary pathologists and residents in pathology at ADDLs,. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Food animal producers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Residents in anatomic pathology and some veterinary pathologists were asigned cases to interpret the immunohistochemical reaction. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been reported to pertinent agencies including NVSL and Indiana BOAH. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The number of immunohistochemical tests for disease surveillance has increased progressively over the last few years in this laboratory. This increase is expected to continue in future years. Continuing to test for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ruminants by immunohistochemistry as part of the surveillance effort for these diseases.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During this fiscal year the focus was on immunohistochemical surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in deer and small ruminants. Lymph nodes and/or brain obex specimens were tested. The total number of samples tested was over 10,000. In addition, less than 50 specimens were tested for different infectious pathogens including bovine respiratory syncytial cirus, bovine herpesvirus, transmissible gastroenteritis, porcine circovrus 2, porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and proliferative enteritis of pigs.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Surveillance for scrapie in small ruminants and chronic wasting disease in deer has been the main test done for this project. Approximately 759 tests for prion diseases were done. Less than 0.1% of sheep brain/lymph node examined were positive by scrapie. Deer samples were negative for prion diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease). Results are reported to federal agencies as well as the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Other immunohistochemical tests performed in food animal species targeted infectious agents (IBR, BVD, rotavirus, coronavirus, Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora sp., BRSV, Toxoplasma sp., Lawsonia intracellularis), approximately 15 tests done. Results of these tests are shared with referring veterinarians using the standard reporting system (Phoenics) and included in the ADDL annual report. In addition, tuberculosis surveillance examination was done during 2010-11 period on 190 deer lymph nodes. PARTICIPANTS: Veterinary pathologists at ADDL collaborated as diagnosticians in this project on regular basis. In addition, several anatomical pathology residents were involved as trainees on the interpretation of pertinent immunohistochemical tests. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources were heavily involved in this project, providing samples for testing TARGET AUDIENCES: Veterinarians, lay public, government officials PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Surveillance for prion diseases (scrapie, chronic wasting disease) is a very important function of veterinary diagnostic laboratories to control the disease and reduce the chances of spreading. Likewise, the diagnosis of infectious diseases of food animals is critical to assure producers and public in general that there are steps in place to keep our herds healthy.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Surveillance for scrapie in small ruminants and chronic wasting disease in deer has been the main test done for this project. Approximately 9,000 tests for prion diseases were done. Less than 0.1% of sheep brain/lymph node examined were positive by scrapie. Deer samples were negative for prion diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease). Results are reported to federal agencies as well as the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Other immunohistochemical tests performed in food animal species targeted infectious agents (IBR, BVD, rotavirus, coronavirus, Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora sp., BRSV, Toxoplasma sp., Lawsonia intracellularis), approximately 25 tests done. Results of these tests are shared with referring veterinarians using the standard reporting system (Phoenics) and included in the ADDL annual report. In addition, tuberculosis surveillance examination was done during 2010-11 period on175 bovine lymph nodes. PARTICIPANTS: Veterinary pathologists at ADDL collaborated as diagnosticians in this project on regular basis. In addition, several anatomical pathology residents were involved as trainees on the interpretation of pertinent immunohistochemical tests. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources were heavily involved in this project, providing samples for testing TARGET AUDIENCES: Veterinarians, lay public, government oficcials PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Surveillance for prion diseases (scrapie, chronic wasting disease) is a very important function of veterinary diagnostic laboratories to control the disease and reduce the chances of spreading. Likewise, the diagnosis of infectious diseases of food animals is critical to assure producers and public in general that there are steps in place to keep our herds healthy.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: During this period we focused on the immunohistochemical surveillance for scrapie in small ruminants and chronic wasting disease in deer, with approximately 9,000 tests done. Less than 0.1% of sheep brain/lymph node examined were positive by scrapie and none of the deer samples was positive for chronic wasting disease. Results are reported to federal agencies as well as the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Other immunohistochemical tests performed in food animal species targeted infectious agents (IBR, BVD, rotavirus, coronavirus, Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora sp., BRSV, Toxoplasma sp., Lawsonia intracellularis), approximately 85 tests done. Results of these tests are shared with referring veterinarians using the standard reporting system (Phoenix)and included in the ADDL annual report. In addition, tuberculosis surveillance examination was done during 2009-2010 period on 350 bovine lymph nodes PARTICIPANTS: Veterinary pathologists at ADDL collaborated as diagnosticians in this project on regular basis. In addition, several anatomical pathology residents were involved as trainees on the interpretation of pertinent immunohistochemical tests. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources were heavily involved in this project, providing samples for testing TARGET AUDIENCES: Veterinarians, lay public, government officials PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Surveillance for prion diseases (scrapie, chronic wasting disease) is a very important function of veterinary diagnostic laboratories to control the disease and reduce the chances of spreading. Likewise, the diagnosis of infectious diseases of food animals is critical to assure producers and public in general that there are steps in place to keep our herds healthy.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: During this period we again focused on the immunohistochemical surveillance for scrapie in small ruminants and chronic wasting disease in deer, with an approximately 9,000 tests done. Less than 0.1% of sheep brain/lymph node examined were positive by scrapie and none of the deer samples was positive for chronic wasting disease. Results are reported to federal agencies as well as the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Other immunohistochemical tests performed in food animal species targeted infectious agents (IBR, BVD, rotavirus, coronavirus, Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora sp., BRSV, Toxoplasma sp., Lawsonia intracellularis), approximately 100 tests done. Results of these tests are shared with referring veterinarians using the standard reporting system (Phoenics) and included in the ADDL annual report. PARTICIPANTS: Veterinary pathologists at ADDL collaborated as diagnosticians in this project on regular basis. In addition, several anatomical pathology residents were involved as trainees on the interpretation of pertinent immunohistochemical tests. The National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) and the Indiana Department of Natural Resources were heavily involved in this project, providing samples fo testing. TARGET AUDIENCES: Veterinarians, lay public, government officials. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: There were no major changes.
Impacts
Surveillance for prion diseases (scrapie, chronic wasting disease) is a very important function of veterinary diagnostic laboratories to control the disease and reduce the chances of spreading. Likewise, the diagnosis of infectious diseases of food animals is critical to assure producers and public in general that there are steps in place to keep our herds healthy.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: During this period we have run immunohistochemical assays for the following infectious agents: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Porcine and Bovine Rotavirus, Porcine and Bovine Coronavirus, Porcine Circovirus type 2, Porcine Influenza Virus, Porcine reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, transmissible spongiform encephalitis, listeriosis, Lawsonia intracellularis, Bartonella henselae, and Toxoplasma. Standardization of immunohistochemical tests was performed for each antigen to determine optimal assay conditions. These conditions included antigen retrieval methods (e.g., proteinase K, decloaker), different dilutions of the primary antibody. To rule out possible cross-reactivities, we tested tissues lacking the antigen investigated (negative tissue controls). Results were compared based on the intensity of the reaction and the number of infected cells. Positive results were those in which the reaction was present in the expected location (intracellular, membrane or intranuclear) and absent in the negative control. We have tested over 9,000 samples of ovine, caprine and deer tissues for surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie in sheep and goat; chronic wasting disease in cervids). An additional 130 immunohistochemical testing for various infectious diseases (including 70 porcine circovirus type 2) of food animals was done. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: pathologists & vetrinarians PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
These results follow studies done during the past year. These tests have improved the quality of service provided to livestock owners. We are actively implementing new tests to be used in diagnostic and research settings. This year we also have been heavily involved in surveillance of TSEs with immunohistochemistry following protocols dictated by USDA.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: During this period we tested tissues (approximately 650 cases) by immunohistochemistry for one or more of the following infectious agents: adenovirus, Aspergillus, bovine and porcine coronavirus, bovine herpesvirus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, equine herpesvirus, infleunza A, Leptospira, Neospora caninum, porcine circovirus 2, Sarcocystis neurona, and Toxoplasma. We followed standardized protocols for each test. In addition, we have tested over 8,000 samples of ovine and deer tissues for surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs[crapie in sheep and chronic wasting disease in cervids]).
PARTICIPANTS: Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory staff
TARGET AUDIENCES: Livestock producers and large animal veterinarians
Impacts
These results follow studies done during the past year. These tests have improved the quality of service provided to livestock owners. We are actively implementing new tests to be used in diagnostic and research settings. As in past years, this laboratory has been heavily involved in surveillance of TSEs with immunohistochemistry following protocols dictated by USDA.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
During this period we have collected samples to standardize the following immunohistochemical tests for the following infectious agents: Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, Cryptosporidium, avian influenza, Sarcocystis neurona, and Toxoplasma. Standardization of immunohistochemical tests was performed for each antigen to determine optimal assay conditions. These conditions included antigen retrieval methods (e.g., proteinase K, steamer), different dilutions of the primary antibody. To rule out possible cross-reactivities, we tested tissues lacking the antigen investigated (negative tissue controls). Results were compared based on the intensity of the reaction and the number of infected cells. Positive results were those in which the reaction was present in the expected location (intracellular, membrane or intranuclear) and absent in the negative control. We have started to use immunohistochemical tests to confirm the presence of the above-mentioned infectious agents
in diagnostic specimens received at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. In addition, we have tested over 6,000 samples of ovine and deer tissues for surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie in sheep and chronic wasting disease in cervids). Immunohistochemical testing for porcine circovirus 2 was done in over 150 cases.
Impacts
These results follow studies done during the past year. These tests have improved the quality of service provided to livestock owners. We are actively implementing new tests to be used in diagnostic and research settings. This year we also have been heavily involved in surveillance of TSEs with immunohistochemistry following protocols dictated by USDA.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
During this period we have collected samples to standardize the following immunohistochemical tests for the following infectious agents: Aspergillus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Standardization of immunohistochemical tests was performed for each antigen to determine optimal assay conditions. These conditions included antigen retrieval methods (e.g., proteinase K, steamer), different dilutions of the primary antibody. To rule out possible cross-reactivities, we tested tissues lacking the antigen investigated (negative tissue controls). Results were compared based on the intensity of the reaction and the number of infected cells. Positive results were those in which the reaction was present in the expected location (intracellular, membrane or intranuclear) and absent in the negative control. We have started to use immunohistochemical tests to confirm the presence of the above-mentioned infectious agents in diagnostic
specimens received at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory. In addition, we have tested over 6,000 samples of ovine and deer tissues for surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (scrapie in sheep and chronic wasting disease in cervids).
Impacts
These results follow studies done during the past year. These tests have improved the quality of service provided to livestock owners. We are actively implementing new tests to be used in diagnostic and research settings. This year we also have been heavily involved in surveillance of TSEs with immunohistochemistry following protocols dictated by USDA.
Publications
- Ramos-Vara JA (2005) Technical aspects of immunohistochemistry. Veterinary Pathology 42:409-430.
- Miller MA, Ramos-Vara JA, Kleiboeker SB, Larson RL (2005): Effect of delayed or prolonged fixation on immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus type I in skin of two persistently infected calves. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17:461-463.
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Progress 10/01/03 to 09/29/04
Outputs
During this period we have collected samples to standardize the following immunohistochemical tests for the following infectious agents: porcine circovirus 2, porcine adenovirus, Lawsonia intracellularis, porcine coronavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Neospora caninum. Standardization of immunohistochemical tests was performed for each antigen to determine optimal assay conditions. These conditions included antigen retrieval methods (e.g., proteinase K, steamer), different dilutions of the primary antibody. To rule out possible cross-reactivities, we tested tissues lacking the antigen investigated (negative tissue controls). Results were compared based on the intensity of the reaction and the number of infected cells. Positive results were those in which the reaction was present in the expected location (intracellular, membrane or intranuclear) and absent in the negative control. We have started to use
immunohistochemical tests to confirm the presence of the above-mentioned infectious agents in diagnostic specimens received at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.
Impacts
These preliminary results permitted us to start using immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of infectious diseases of food animals. Although the number of samples tested is limited, we believe that using these tests has improved the quality of service provided to livestock owners. We are actively implementing new tests to be used in diagnostic and research settings.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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