Progress 01/01/03 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The results of Hatch project 435 have been disseminated in abstracts presented at various international meetings, student thesis and dissertation works, invited presentations and peer-reviewed publications. I was fortunate to be recognized as the Animal and Nutritional Sciences selection for outstanding research in the Davis College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences in 2006 for my work associated with Hatch project 435. In addition, two graduate students received the Graduate Student Research Presentation Award of Excellence at the Poultry Science Association Meeting in 2008. Both presentations focused on results of Hatch project 435. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Not relevant to this project. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The results of the applied research studies of Hatch 435 were presented to many professionals in the commercial poultry and feed industries. Strategies that resulted from this research were implemented by these individuals as evidenced by subsequent industry presentations that focused on achieved benefits. In addition, I have been invited to speak at various national meetings on subjects that were focused on in the Hatch 435 project. Currently, West Virginia University is recognized as a leading research institution for feed manufacture science. This reputation is a direct result of our newly renovated facilities for feed manufacture, high productivity in publication of our results and successful graduates working in the area of feed manufacture and commercial animal production.
Publications
- Parsons, A.S., N.P. Buchanan, K.P. Blemings, M.E. Wilson and J.S. Moritz, 2006. Effect of Corn Particle Size and Pellet Texture on Broiler Performance in the Growing Phase. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 15:245-255.
- Buchanan, N.P. and J.S. Moritz, 2009. Main Effects and Interactions of Varying Protein, Fiber, and Moisture on Feed Manufacture and Pellet Quality. J. Appl. Poult. Res. Accepted.
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Feed mill renovation is complete. The majority of the final phase of the outlined proposal has been completed. All information obtained from this project has been disseminated in national meeting abstracts, invited presentations and peer reviewed journals.
PARTICIPANTS: Amy Parsons Nicole Baker Nancy Buchanan Amanda Rack Curran Gehring Sarah Cutlip John Hott
TARGET AUDIENCES: Nutritionists Feed mill managers Researchers
Impacts
Formulating broiler diets for pellet quality, in addition to least-cost, will result in several benefits that ultimately lead to improved efficiency of food production. More specifically, feeding high quality pellets may decrease feed intake and nitrogen and phosphorus waste while maintaining growth. Due to the small number of research institutions that emphasize feed milling science, an understanding of feed manufacture and subsequent feeding effects are not as well defined relative to other areas of poultry production. West Virginia University, however, possesses the facilities and faculty support necessary to quantify feed manufacturing influences of any ingredient based on nutrient composition and how that composition complements the rest of the diet. Completion of this proposal will generate a pellet quality database that may be incorporated into feed formulation programs for the benefit of the West Virginia and the U.S. feed and broiler industries. Pellet
manufacture and the feeding of broiler chickens are both integral components of West Virginia agriculture and the U.S. poultry industry. Research providing more efficient strategies of feed and broiler production would directly benefit the state and the industry. Accordingly, conclusions derived from this proposal can be implemented immediately to serve West Virginia and other U.S. integrators/growers and surrounding communities
Publications
- Hott, J.M., Buchanan, N.P., S.E. Cutlip and J.S. Moritz, 2008. The Effect of Moisture Addition with a Mold Inhibitor on Pellet Quality, Feed Manufacture and Broiler Performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. Accepted.
- Cutlip, S.E., J.M. Hott, N.P. Buchanan, A.L. Rack, C. Gehring, J.D. Latshaw and J.S. Moritz, 2008. The Effect of Steam Conditioning Practices on Pellet Quality and Growing Broiler Nutritional Value. J. Appl. Poult. Res. Accepted.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
One half of this report has been completed. The data has been well recieved. The renovation of the West Virginia University Feed Mill is about 90% complete. Ingredient ratio work has begun.
Impacts
Formulating broiler diets for pellet quality, in addition to least-cost, will result in several benefits that ultimately lead to improved efficiency of food production. More specifically, feeding high quality pellets may decrease feed intake and nitrogen and phosphorus waste while maintaining growth. Due to the small number of research institutions that emphasize feed milling science, an understanding of feed manufacture and subsequent feeding effects are not as well defined relative to other areas of poultry production. West Virginia University, however, possesses the facilities and faculty support necessary to quantify feed manufacturing influences of any ingredient based on nutrient composition and how that composition complements the rest of the diet. Completion of this proposal will generate a pellet quality database that may be incorporated into feed formulation programs for the benefit of the West Virginia and the U.S. feed and broiler industries. Pellet
manufacture and the feeding of broiler chickens are both integral components of West Virginia agriculture and the U.S. poultry industry. Research providing more efficient strategies of feed and broiler production would directly benefit the state and the industry. Accordingly, conclusions derived from this proposal can be implemented immediately to serve West Virginia and other U.S. integrators/growers and surrounding communities
Publications
- Buchanan, N.P., J.M. Hott, S.E. Cutlip and J.S. Moritz. 2006. The effects of cellulose and soy protein isolate on pellet manufacture variables and quality. (Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association in Edmonton, Alberta Canada, July 16-19).
- Cutlip, S., J. Hott, N. Buchanan and J. Moritz. 2006. Effect of steam conditioning practices on pellet quality and growing broiler nutritional value. (Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association in Edmonton, Alberta Canada, July 16-19).
- Hott, J.M., N.P. Buchanan, S.E. Cutlip and J.S. Moritz. 2006. Effect of moisture addition with a mold inhibitor on feed manufacture, pellet quality and broiler performance. (Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association in Edmonton, Alberta Canada, July 16-19).
- Parsons, A.S., N.P. Buchanan, K.P. Blemings, M.E. Wilson and J.S. Moritz, 2006. Effect of Corn Particle Size and Pellet Textrue on Broiler Performance in the Growing Phase. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 15:245-255.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The first phase of this project has been completed with the following conclusions/applications. Conclusions and Applications 1. Feeding broilers medium to coarse particle corn (i.e. 1,042 to 2,242 microns) improved nutrient digestion; however, broilers fed coarse particle corn (i.e. 2,242 microns) demonstrated increased gizzard growth and perceived maintenance requirement that compromised performance. Digestive benefits of feeding medium to coarse particle corn may have resulted due to lack of particle preference during feeding and decreased feed passage time in the gastrointestinal tract. 2. Broilers fed pellets of hard texture demonstrated improved nutrient retention and subsequent performance compared to broilers fed pellets of soft texture (1,856 and 1,662 g of pellet breaking force respectively). Pellet texture may affect broilers in a manner similar to particle size. The next phase of this project will have the following objectives. - Generate a pellet quality
database utilizing traditional broiler diet ingredients, i.e. corn, soybean, soy oil, and wheat middlings . These ingredients will be composed of typical nutrient profiles and will be used in formulations that vary in ratios of oil, moisture, and fiber. - Utilize this database to predict pellet quality for diets that are composed of unconventional feed ingredients, i.e., dried distillers grains, oats, high oil cereals, etc.
Impacts
Formulating broiler diets for pellet quality, in addition to least-cost, will result in several benefits that ultimately lead to improved efficiency of food production. More specifically, feeding high quality pellets may decrease feed intake and nitrogen and phosphorus waste while maintaining growth. Due to the small number of research institutions that emphasize feed milling science, an understanding of feed manufacture and subsequent feeding effects are not as well defined relative to other areas of poultry production. West Virginia University, however, possesses the facilities and faculty support necessary to quantify feed manufacturing influences of any ingredient based on nutrient composition and how that composition complements the rest of the diet. Completion of this proposal will generate a pellet quality database that may be incorporated into feed formulation programs for the benefit of the West Virginia and the U.S. feed and broiler industries. Pellet
manufacture and the feeding of broiler chickens are both integral components of West Virginia agriculture and the U.S. poultry industry. Research providing more efficient strategies of feed and broiler production would directly benefit the state and the industry. Accordingly, conclusions derived from this proposal can be implemented immediately to serve West Virginia and other U.S. integrators/growers and surrounding communities
Publications
- Parsons, A.S., N.P. Buchanan, K.P. Blemings, M.E. Wilson and J.S. Moritz, 2006. Effect of Corn Particle Size and Pellet Textrue on Broiler Performance in the Growing Phase. J. Appl. Poult. Res. Accepted.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Data concerning grain particle size effects on broiler performance and metabolism has been generated. Feed manufacture utilizing various ingredient ratios and steam pelleting will proceed upon completion of the WVU pilot feed mill. Conclusions and Applications 1. Feeding medium corn containing diets increased live weight gain perhaps indicative of an increase in true metabolizable energy, while increasing corn particle size (fine to coarse) decreased feed efficiency and breast yield while increasing gizzard yield. 2. Increased live weight gain of broilers fed pelleted diets was more likely due to feed form rather than improved nutrient utilization; whereas, non-significant feed efficiency differences between mash and pelleted diets were most likely due to a high fines percentage associated with pelleted diets. 3. Improved broiler performance resultant of commercial binder use in pelleted diets was most likely due to improved pellet quality and nutrient utilization. 4.
When an array of particle size is accessible to broilers, preference is noted for the particle size range provided by the medium and large diets. However, as particle size variability decreases with time, broilers show a preference for larger particles that may remain in the feed trough for all diets. 5. Feeding smaller particle corn may shorten feed passage time while larger particles may be retained in the upper GI tract longer thus lengthening feed passage time and possibly increasing nutrient utilization.
Impacts
The data reported herein provide statistically supported outcomes of feeding diets that vary in particle size and texture to growing broiler chickens.
Publications
- Parsons, A. S., J. S. Moritz, K. P. Blemings and B. M. Stinefelt, 2003. Effect of grain particle size and feed texture on broiler performance and carcass quality. (Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Assoication, July 6-9, 2003)
- Parsons, A.S. and J.S. Moritz, 2004. Justifying effects of grain particle size on broiler performance and carcass quality. (Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association in Madison, WI, July 25-28, 2004).
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Much of the ingredient ratio work has not yet been completed due to feed mill renovation. Grain particle size work is in the final stage of laboratory analysis and much of the completed work is being written for publication. The objective of the completed work was to determine the effects of particle size and feed texture on broiler performance and carcass quality. Treatments consisted of five similarly formulated mash diets, which varied in corn particle size (781, 950, 1042, 1109, 2242 microns) and two pelleted diets of varying texture - soft (manufactured with added moisture) and hard (manufactured with a commercial pellet binder). Soft pellets had a higher durability (90%) as well as fines percentage (44%) compared to hard pellets (86 and 40% respectively). Each of these diets was fed to thirteen replicate floor-pens of 21 straight-run 308x344 Ross broilers during the growing period. Linear regression showed an increasing trend in feed intake (P=0.0016) and
gizzard weight (P=0.0001) as particle size of mash diets increased; however, feed efficiency (P=0.0058) and percent breast yield (P=0.0250) decreased. Broilers fed pelleted diets showed an increased live weight gain (P=0.0001), increased breast yield (P=0.0229), decreased gizzard weight (P=0.0001) and increased mortality (P=0.0073) compared to those fed mash diets. Broilers fed hard pellets had greater weight gain (P=0.0001) but otherwise similar performance as broilers fed soft pellets. Broilers fed soft pellets had an increased percent breast yield (P=0.0127) compared to those fed mash diets, although, broilers fed hard pellets did not (P=0.3244). These results demonstrate that feeding broilers pelleted diets can improve performance compared to feeding mash diets, and feeding pellets of soft texture may increase breast yield. Furthermore, feeding broilers corn particles of smaller size may improve performance and carcass characteristics compared to diets that incorporate larger
sized corn particles.
Impacts
The data reported herein provide statistically supported outcomes of feeding diets that vary in particle size and texture to growing broiler chickens.
Publications
- Parsons, A. S., J. S. Moritz, K. P. Blemings and B. M. Stinefelt, 2003. Effect of grain particle size and feed texture on broiler performance and carcass quality. Presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Assoication, July 6-9, 2003
- Parsons, A. S., N. J. Baker and J. S. Moritz. Justifying effects of grain particle size on broiler performance and carcass quality. To be presented at the annual meeting of the Poultry Science Association, July 25-29, 2004
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