Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was applied to measurements of several cluster characteristics in our Riesling x Cabernet Sauvignon linkage mapping population. Cluster density mapped to 3 regions, one of which is shared with berry weight. Two regions were identified that contribute to berry weight, berry number and cluster length. Several additional Croatian cultivars were characterized, including one that has the same microsatellite genotype at 10 loci as Zinfandel. VITIS VINIFERA cvs. Thompson Seedless and Chardonnay were transformed with a construct carrying a pear PGIP gene. Several dozen independent transgenic plant lines were regenerated that express the PGIP gene at high levels. Replicated greenhouse tests are in progress to assess the tolerance of the plants to inoculation with XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA, UNCINULA NECATOR AND BOTRYTIS CINEREA. The number of microsatellite markers we have identified that can distinguish clones has now increased to 16 in Pinot
noir and 9 in Chardonnay. 16 of 25 Pinot noir clones and 8 of 22 Chardonnay clones have unique patterns within these groups. The microsatellite alleles of the cultivar known in California as Malvasia bianca were compared to those of several candidate Italian cultivars and found to match those of Malvasia bianca di Piemonte, also known as Moscato Greco, a rare cultivar from the Piedmont region of Italy. During the sabbatical visit of Dr. J.-M. Boursiquot from France, 300 additional grape cultivars were added to our microsatellite database and several additional parental relationships were discovered.
Impacts
The QTL results will add to our knowledge of the components of grape cluster morphology that contribute most significantly to cluster density, an contributing factor to bunch rot. The continuing study of Croatian cultivars is helping Croatian researchers characterize and preserve their grape germplasm resources. They are now at risk as growers turn to varieties offered at attractive prices by Italian nurseries. The PGIP transformation work will contribute to an understanding of the initial steps in the development of Pierce's Disease. The clone results are leading to a practical identification method.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was applied to measurements of several cluster characteristics in our Riesling x Cabernet Sauvignon linkage mapping population. Cluster density mapped to 3 regions, one of which is shared with berry weight. Two regions were identified that contribute to berry weight, berry number and cluster length. Several additional Croatian cultivars were characterized, including one that has the same microsatellite genotype at 10 loci as Zinfandel. VITIS VINIFERA cvs. Thompson Seedless and Chardonnay were transformed with a construct carrying a pear PGIP gene. Several dozen independent transgenic plant lines were regenerated that express the PGIP gene at high levels. Replicated greenhouse tests are in progress to assess the tolerance of the plants to inoculation with XYLELLA FASTIDIOSA, UNCINULA NECATOR AND BOTRYTIS CINEREA. The number of microsatellite markers we have identified that can distinguish clones has now increased to 16 in Pinot
noir and 9 in Chardonnay. 16 of 25 Pinot noir clones and 8 of 22 Chardonnay clones have unique patterns within these groups. The microsatellite alleles of the cultivar known in California as Malvasia bianca were compared to those of several candidate Italian cultivars and found to match those of Malvasia bianca di Piemonte, also known as Moscato Greco, a rare cultivar from the Piedmont region of Italy. During the sabbatical visit of Dr. J.-M. Boursiquot from France, 300 additional grape cultivars were added to our microsatellite database and several additional parental relationships were discovered.
Impacts
The QTL results will add to our knowledge of the components of grape cluster morphology that contribute most significantly to cluster density, an contributing factor to bunch rot. The continuing study of Croatian cultivars is helping Croatian researchers characterize and preserve their grape germplasm resources. They are now at risk as growers turn to varieties offered at attractive prices by Italian nurseries. The PGIP transformation work will contribute to an understanding of the initial steps in the development of Pierce's Disease. The clone results are leading to a practical identification method.
Publications
- Meredith, C.P., Bowers, J.E., Boursiquot, J.-M. and This, P. 2001. The origin of Chardonnay. Proceedings of the 3rd International Burgundy California Oregon Colloquium. University of Burgundy.
- Meredith, C.P. 2001. Grapevine Genetics: Probing the Past and Facing the Future. Agricultural Conspectus Scientificus 66:21-25.
- Dangl, G.S., M.L. Mendum, B.H. Prins, M.A. Walker, C.P. Meredith and C.J. Simon. 2001. Simple sequence repeat analysis of a clonally propagated species: A tool for managing a grape germplasm collection. Genome 44:432-438.
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Additional markers have been added to our linkage map constructed with a cross between VITIS VINIFERA cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon. 155 microsatellite markers have now been mapped to nineteen linkage groups. Several ESTs have also been mapped. The map covers 1882 cM with an average distance between markers of 13.6 cM. The average rate of recombination was higher in the male than in the female parent. Microsatellite analysis of Croatian cultivars associated with the Dalmatian Coast revealed that Zinfandel is a probable parent of the Croatian winegrape Plavac Mali, thus supporting a Croatian origin for Zinfandel. The other parental genotype was also found but its cultivar name is not yet known. The Croatian cultivars Bratkovina and Zlatarica blatska were also identified as the probable parents of Posip, the most important white winegrape of the Dalmatian Coast of Croatia. Sets of 23 clones of Pinot noir and 23 clones of Chardonnay were screened with 92
microsatellite markers. 9 markers were polymorphic in Pinot noir and 5 in Chardonnay. 12 Pinot noir clones and 7 Chardonnay clones could be uniquely distinguished from the rest of the group.
Impacts
The map is of use to researchers in several countries for integrating maps produced in different crosses. Study of the relationships among Croatian cultivars is helping Croatian researchers preserve their grape germplasm resources. They are now at risk as growers turn to varieties offered at attractive prices by Italian nurseries. The clone results are leading to a practical identification method.
Publications
- Mirosevic, N. and Meredith, C.P. 2000. A review of research and literature related to the origin and identity of the cultivars Plavac mali, Zinfandel and Primitivo (Vitis vinifera L.). Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 65:45-49.
- Pejic, I., Mirosevic, N., Maletic, E., Piljac, J. and Meredith, C.P. 2000. Relatedness of cultivars Plavac mali, Zinfandel and Primitivo (Vitis vinifera L.). Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 65:21-25.
- Bowers, J.E., Siret, R., This, P., Boursiquot, J.M. and Meredith, C.P. 2000. A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France. In Bouquet, A. and Boursiquot, J.-M. eds. Proceedings VII Internatl. Symp. Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. Acta Hort. 528:129-132.
- Hinrichsen, P., Narvaez, C., Valenzuela, J., Munoz, C., Bowers, J.E. and Meredith, C.P. 2000. Fingerprinting of grape cultivars grown in Chile: Comparison of methods based on anonymous sequences and a set of microsatellite loci. In Bouquet, A. and Boursiquot, J.-M. eds. Proceedings VII Internatl. Symp. Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. Acta Hort. 528:161-167.
- Faria, M.A., Magalhaes, R., Ferreira, M.A., Meredith, C.P. and Ferreira Monteiro, F. 2000. Vitis vinifera must varietal authentication using microsatellite DNA analysis (SSR). J. Ag. Food Chem 48:1096-1100.
- Ferreira Monteiro, F., Nunes, E., Magalhaes, R., Faria, M.A., Martins, A., Bowers, J.E. and Meredith, C.P. 2000. Fingerprinting of the main Vitis vinifera varieties grown in the northern region of Portugal. In Bouquet, A. and Boursiquot, J.-M. eds. Proceedings VII Internatl. Symp. Grapevine Genetics and Breeding. Acta Hort. 528:121-127.
- Meredith, C.P. 2000. DNA Typing. In Cass, B. and Robinson, J. eds. Oxford Companion to the Wines of North America. Oxford University Press.
- Meredith, C.P. and Bowers, J.E. 2000. Winegrape origins revealed by DNA marker analysis. In Reeve, E.C.R. ed. Encyclopedia of Genetics. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
A microsatellite analysis of 323 grape cultivars, primarily French, revealed that the cultivars Pinot and Gouais blanc are the probable parents of 16 other cultivars, including Chardonnay, Gamay noir, Aligote, Melon and Auxerrois. Likelihood analysis of allele frequencies confirmed the very high probability of this parentage. A framework microsatellite genetic map has been constructed with a cross between VITIS VINIFERA cvs. Riesling and Cabernet Sauvignon. Of 163 markers that segregate in the cross, 145 have been mapped, 11 have been assigned but not mapped and 7 remain unlinked so far. The map is approximately 2200 cM in length. 9 fruit cluster characteristics have been analyzed as quantitative trait loci. 5 of them map to the same 3 regions on 3 linkage groups. The discovery of the parentage of Chardonnay, easily the world's most economically important white wine grape, is helping grape breeders in their choices of parents in programs to develop new varieties for
regions with marginal climates. The framework genetic map is of use to grape genetics research groups in the U.S. and in Australia, France, Italy, Spain and Germany, who can use the mapped microsatellite markers to integrate maps being produced in different crosses. This will accelerate the identification of important grape genes and lead to more effective vineyard practices through improved understanding of vine development and the influence of the environment on grape berry composition.
Impacts
The discovery of the parentage of Chardonnay, easily the world's most economically important white wine grape, is helping grape breeders in their choices of parents in programs to develop new varieties for regions with marginal climates. The framework genetic map is of use to grape genetics research groups who can use the mapped microsatellite markers to integrate maps being produced in different crosses.
Publications
- Meredith, C.P., Bowers, J.E., Riaz, S., Handley, V., Bandman, E.B. and Dangl, G.S. 1999. The identity and parentage of the variety known in California as 'Petite Sirah'. Am J of Enology and Viticulture 50:238-242.
- Bowers, J.E., Dangl, G.S. and Meredith, C.P. 1999. Development and characterization of additional microsatellite DNA markers for grape. Am J of Enology and Viticulture 50:243-246.
- Bowers, J.E., Boursiquot, J.M., This, P., Chu, K., Johansson, H., and Meredith, C.P. 1999. Historical genetics: the parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay and other wine grapes of northeastern France. Science 285:1562-1565
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Over 300 cultivars of VITIS VINIFERA have been characterized with 17 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 60 of these cultivars have also been characterized with an additional 15 SSR markers. A single pair of cultivars has been identified as the probable parents of at least 14 other cultivars and several other parental relationships were also detected. About 50 Petite Sirah samples from several California counties were found by SSR analysis to be the same as the variety Durif, with a few being Peloursin. Durif was determined to be the progeny of Peloursin and Syrah. 150 samples of the cultivar Plavac Mali were collected from vineyards in Croatia in May 1998. SSR analysis revealed that this cultivar is not the same as Zinfandel but is a close relative. 91 AFLP and 86 SSR markers have been mapped to 21 linkage groups. About half of the SSR markers were developed by the Vitis Microsatellite Consortium.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- MEREDITH, C. P. and BOWERS, J. E. Winegrape origins revealed by DNA marker analysis. In REEVE, E. C. R., Encyclopedia of Genetics. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, London. In press.
- MEREDITH, C. P., BOWERS, J. E., RIAZ, S., HANDLEY, V., BANDMAN, E. B. and DANGL, G. S. The identity and parentage of the variety known in California as 'Petite Sirah'. Am J of Enology and Viticulture. In
- BOWERS, J. E., SIRET, R., THIS, P., BOURSIQUOT, J. M. and MEREDITH, C. P. A single pair of parents proposed for a group of grapevine varieties in northeastern France. Acta Horticulturae. In press.
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/01/97
Outputs
Over 100 cultivars of VITIS VINIFERA have been characterized with 17 simple sequence repeat (SSR) DNA markers, thus improving the geographic balance of the database. In cooperation with French colleagues, DNA samples were obtained from 300 additional cultivars. Three accessions of Plavac Mali were obtained from Croatia and found by SSR analysis to be closely related to Zinfandel. In an ongoing genome mapping project 153 segregating AFLP markers have been identified and 95 of these have been mapped. 25 SSR markers have also been mapped. An international grape microsatellite consortium, with members from 11 countries, was formed in order to develop additional microsatellite markers.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- BOWERS, J. E. and MEREDITH, C. P. 1997. The parentage of a classic wine grape, Cabernet Sauvignon. Nature Genetics 16:84-87.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
Approximately 50 cultivars of VITIS VINIFERA have been characterized at 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci developed in this laboratory and 7 developed in Australia by M.R.Thomas. The parents of two cultivars, `Durif' and `Cabernet Sauvignon', have been identified and allele frequency data from other cultivars has permitted the development of strong statistical support for these findings. A comparative phenetic analysis of 20 cultivars with RFLP, SSR and AFLP data produced largely similar results among all 3 approaches. A genome mapping project was initiated with a mapping population produced from a cross between `Riesling' and `Cabernet Sauvignon'. Approximately 80 AFLP markers have been mapped to date. SSR markers are also being placed on this map. This project continues the work reported under project CA-D*-VIT-4092-H.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- BOWERS, J. E., DANGL, G. S., VIGNANI, R. and MEREDITH, C. P. 1996. Isolation andcharacterization of new polymorphic simple sequence repeat loci in grape. Genome39:628-633.
- BOWERS, J.E. and MEREDITH, C.P. 1996. Genetic similarities among wine grape cultivars revealed by RFLP analysis. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121:620-624.
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