Progress 06/01/18 to 05/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Targeted audience for the project included agricultural scientists (soil scientists, agronomists, environmental scientists, and hydrologists), extension personnel, and climate change scientists and policy makers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The projectprovided training and professional development opportunities for one Ph.D. graduate student and one undergradute student. This graduate stduent won second prize instudent poster competition organized by the "Global Climate Change" Community of American Society of Agronomy in 2020. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results from this project were presented at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual meetings, Texas Plant protection Meeting, andthe Americal Geophysical Union (AGU) annual meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:The PD, Dr. Rajan, screened sorghum seeds from Dr. William Rooney's germplasm collection for BNI compounds at the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) in Tsukuba, Japan. This work was carried out in collaboration Dr. Subbarao, Principal Scientist at JIRCAS. In total, 89 different elite sorghum genotypes and two control genotypes were screened for hydrophobic BNI activity. After eight days of growth in the growth chamber, roots and shoots were excised from sorghum seedlings. Sorghum roots from each replication were immersed in 20 ml dichloromethane(acidified with 1 % acetic acid v/v) and filtered using Whatman No. 2 filter paper after 1 min. The solution was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 40 degrees. After 3 hours, the residue was re-extracted with 5 ml methanol and evaporated again at 40 degrees. Then, the residue was re-extracted using 5 ml acetonitrile and filtered through a 0.20 µm membrane filter into a glass vial for sorgoleone analysis, a major BNI compound (hydrphobic) in sorghum. Out of the 89 genotypes, we discovered 5 genotypes with high sorgoleone production (above 50 micrograms per plant) and approximately half of the genotypes had sorgoleone production significantly higher than the positive control genotype we used which had medium level sorgoleone production (23 micrograms per plant). A preliminary analysis of our data reveals heritability of this trait in sorghum. Objective 2: We investigated the effect of BNI in four soil types from Texas. These soils were collected from row crop production fields. The study was conducted in the growth chamber and greenhouse. Plants were grown in pipe columns that were filled with soil and packed to achieve the same bulk density as in the field.Six genotypes selected based on objective 1. Two High BNI lines from Texas A&M breeding program, two low BNI lines from Texas A&M breeding program, positive control (High BNI producing genotype), and negative control (soil). Urea and ammonium sulphate were used as the fertilizer sources. Destructive plant and soil sampling was done 50-60 days after emergence. AOB populations from the rhizosphere soil was determined by quantifying DNA. This was followed by a potential nitrification study in the lab by using the Hart el. al. (1994) procedure. Results from the study showed that the positive control (High BNI producing genotype) resulted in the lowest AOB gene count (~ 60% lower than Low BNI lines from Texas). Although, there was a great differences of AOB gene count in sorghum lines, nitrification was relatively similar in three soils which all had soil pH above 7. The differences in nitrification rates were more pronounced in the soil that had the soil pH less than 6. Our results showed that effect of BNI was more pronounced in low pH soil than high pH soil.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Phuyal, D., Rajan, N., Rooney, W., Kim, J., Chu, K.H., Subramanian N., Maharjan B., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Peterson, J.A., and Subbarao, G.V. (2020). Climate smart farming: A preliminary investigation of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) in selected sorghum genotypes. Abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings, 9-13 November, Virtual
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Phuyal, D., Rajan, N., Rooney, W., Kim, J., Chu, K.H., Subramanian N., Maharjan B., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Peterson, J.A., & Subbarao, G.V. (2020). Effect of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) of sorghum on Weswood silt loam soil. Abstracts, Texas Plant Protection Conference, 8 December, Virtual.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rajan, N. (2020). Greenhouse gas emissions from grain cropping systems. Soil Critique Meeting at College Station, TX,22 July, Virtual.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rajan, N., Rooney, W. L., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Bagavathiannan, M., Aitkenhead-Peterson, J., Jifon, J., Chu, K., Casey, K. D., & Subbarao, G. V. (2019). Climate smart agriculture: The role of biological nitrification inhibition. Abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, 10-13 November, San Antonio, TX.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Rajan, N., Okumoto, S., Maharjan, B., Phuyal, D., & Subbarao, G. V. A review on climate smart agriculture opportunities using biological nitrification inhibition. Biology and Fertility of Soils (Special Issue). To be submitted before 30 September.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Phuyal, D., Rajan, N., Rooney, W., Kim, J., Chu, K.H., Subramanian N., Maharjan B., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Peterson, J.A., and Subbarao, G.V. (2021). Effect of biological nitrification inhibition of sorghum on soil greenhouse gas emission and nitrification. Abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Phuyal, D., Rajan, N., Rooney, W., Kim, J., Chu, K.H., Subramanian N., Maharjan B., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Peterson, J.A., and Subbarao, G.V. (2021). Study of soil properties on biological nitrification inhibition of sorghum genotypes. Abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meetings.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rajan, N. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils: Sources and mitigation options. Abstracts, Soil and Water Conservation Society Annual International Conference, 26-28 July, Virtual.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rajan, N., Phuyal, D., Maharjan, B., Okumoto, S., Casey, K., Subramanian, N., Aitkenhead-Peterson, J., Bagavathiannan,M., Jifon, J., Rooney, W., Schnell, R., & Subbarao, G. V. (2020). Climate solutions: Biological nitrification inhibition in modern crop varieties. Abstracts, American geophysical Union Fall Meeting, 1-17 December, Virtual.
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Progress 06/01/19 to 05/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Targeted audience for the project included agricultural scientists (soil scientists, agronomists, environmental scientists, and hydrologists), extension personnel, and climate change scientists and policy makers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided training and professional development opportunities for one Ph.D. graduate student. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dr. Rajan presented results from this project at the ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual meeting and in a local meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have started objective 2 research during this period.We investigated the effect of BNI in four soil types from Texas. These soils were collected from row crop production fields. The study was conducted in the growth chamber and greenhouse. Plants were grown in pipe columns that were filled with soil and packed to achieve the same bulk density as in the field. Six genotypes selected based on objective 1. Two High BNI lines from Texas A&M breeding program, two low BNI lines from Texas A&M breeding program, positive control (High BNI producing genotype), and negative control (soil). Urea and ammonium sulphate were used as the fertilizer sources. Destructive plant and soil sampling was done 50-60 days after emergence. AOB populations from the rhizosphere soil was determined by quantifying DNA. This was followed by a potential nitrification study in the lab by using the Hart el. al. (1994) procedure. Results from the study showed that the positive control (High BNI producing genotype) resulted in the lowest AOB gene count (~ 60% lower than Low BNI lines from Texas). Although, there was a great differences of AOB gene count in sorghum lines, nitrification was relatively similar in three soils which all had soil pH above 7. The differences in nitrification rates were more pronounced in the soil that had the soil pH less than 6. Our results showed that effect of BNI was more pronounced in low pH soil than high pH soil.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Rajan, N., Rooney, W. L., Okumoto, S., Schnell, R., Bagavathiannan, M., Aitkenhead-Peterson, J., Jifon, J., Chu, K., Casey, K. D., & Subbarao, G. V. (2019). Climate smart agriculture: The role of biological nitrification inhibition. Abstracts, ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meetings, 10-13 November, San Antonio, TX.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Rajan, N. (2020). Greenhouse gas emissions from grain cropping systems. Soil Critique Meeting at College Station, TX, 22 July, Virtual
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