Source: MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT SOURCES AND MOVEMENT AT WATERSHED SCALE AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1012354
Grant No.
2017-67020-26375
Cumulative Award Amt.
$499,125.00
Proposal No.
2016-08716
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Apr 1, 2017
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2022
Grant Year
2017
Program Code
[A1401]- Foundational Program: Soil Health
Recipient Organization
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV
(N/A)
MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762
Performing Department
Ag & Bio Engineering
Non Technical Summary
Deterioration of surface water quality and quantity are a potential threat to agricultural and environmental sustainability in Mississippi Delta as indicated by ground-water depletion and reduction in base-flow. Spatio-temporal scales of land use and land cover changes (LULC) have been implemented to improve surface water resources and ground water recharge in the area. However the downstream water quality and quantity impacts of these changes have not been quantified. Evaluation of these changes requires knowledge of surface and sub-surface water interactions, pollutant (e.g. nutrients) transport process, and their spatio-temporal distributions within watershed ecosystems. The magnitude of water quality degradation processes can be better understood by quantifying impacts of LULC scenarios at the watershed scale. An assessment of these processes is essential to the development of water quantity and quality improvement programs.This project will evaluate surface water quality (suspended solids, phosphorus, nitrogen loads) and quantity (e.g. water yield, stream flow) impacts driven by implementation of spatial and temporal scales of LULC changes and crop management practices within the Big Sunflower River watershed (BSRW) in the Mississippi Delta. Both field observed and geospatial data will be utilized with a biophysical predictive tool to assess the effects of mitigation strategies on sediment and nutrient loadings. Predictive tools will include, USDA supported Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The calibrated and validated surface water model results will be utilized to evaluate surface-shallow ground water processes and water quality impacts due to LULC within the watershed agroecosystems. Several extension and educational activities will be included to educate students, faculty, watershed stakeholders, producers, and minorities through seminar, research, and presentations.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
80%
Developmental
10%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
11203202050100%
Knowledge Area
112 - Watershed Protection and Management;

Subject Of Investigation
0320 - Watersheds;

Field Of Science
2050 - Hydrology;
Goals / Objectives
The overall goal of the proposed project is to assess downstream sediment and nutrient dynamics due to spatial and temporal scales diversity of agroecosystems in the watershed scale. The specific objectives will include:1. Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale.Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues on sediment and nutrient transport process.3. Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC through seminars, research, and extension.
Project Methods
Methods includes (i) water quality sampling and analysis, (ii) watershed model development and evaluation, (iii) developing LULC data layers using remote sensing and analysis, (iv) develop GIS maps to use in the model or display or present in the meetings, (v) conduct water seminars, (vi) participate in the local, state, national level water related meetings.

Progress 04/01/17 to 03/24/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, and other researchers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Research opportunities have been provided to graduate student in the areas of surface and ground water modeling and analysis work and writing manuscripts, which is expected to help enhance their professional capacity. Avay Risal, PhD student in Biological Engineering (Graduated, Fall 2020) Dissertation: Assessment of nutrient sources at watershed scale in agro-ecosystem of Mississippi Scott Landon Sanders, MS student in Geoscience, (Graduated, Summer 2019) Thesis: Improved land use and land cover classification and determination of the influence of land use and land cover on the water quality in an agriculture dominated watershed How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Preliminary project results were presented to national and international audiences through ASABE annual international meeting, ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meeting, Mississippi Water Resources conference, and other premier conferences during the project period. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objectives: The overall goal of the proposed project was to assess downstream sediment and nutrient dynamics due to spatial and temporal scales diversity of agroecosystems at the watershed scale. The specific objectives were include: (1) Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale. Grab surface water quality samples were collected from three USGS stream flow monitoring locations (Merigold, Sunflower, and Leland) within the BSRW about every two weeks until January, 2020. These three sampling locations represent the spatial distribution of the watershed hydrologic conditions of the BSRW. This study selected BSRW to develop a nutrient modeling work. The BSRW covers most of the agricultural areas in Mississippi delta. The BSRW is located within eleven Mississippi delta counties (Coahoma, Bolivar, Tallahatchie, Sunflower, Leflore, Washington, Humphreys, Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Warren). (2) Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues and climate change on sediment and nutrient transport process. Land use and land cover (LULC) change impacts on hydrology and water quality are of critical importance in regions where water quality is degraded. We have analyzed the temporal and spatial variability of the LULC changes (e.g. forest, cropland, corn and soybean) in the Big Sunflower River Watershed using the SWAT model. Monthly LULC map were also developed by classifying cloud free Landsat images from 2014 to 2018 and combined according to seasons (Spring, Summer, and Fall) in order to obtain the dominant map representing each season. We have evaluated the effect of seasonal change of LULC in hydrology and water quality using the SWAT model and field observed data. This study evaluated change in hydrology and water quality due to climate change parameters. Site-specific future time-series precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation data were generated using a stochastic weather generator LARS-WG model. For the generation of climate scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 4.5 and 8.5 of Global Circulation Models (GCMs): Hadley Center Global Environmental Model (HadGEM) and EC-EARTH, for three (2021-2040, 2041-2060 and 2061-2080) future climate periods. Analysis of future climate data based on six ground weather stations located within BSRW were estimated. (3) Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC and climate change through seminars, research, and extension. PI-Dr. Prem Parajuli attended Delta Water Resources Meeting (9/27/2017) in Indianola, MS; which was hosted by Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Project objectives, activities, and progress were presented in the national and international meetings (e.g. ASABE, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Asia-Pacific). In the Fall of 2018, we have conducted bi-weekly "Water Seminar", where students, research associates, faculty and water professionals were participated. More than 100 seminar participants benefitted in the various areas of water research with water seminars. Project objectives, activities, and progress were presented in the national and international meetings of the professional societies (e.g. ASABE, ASA-CSSA-SSSA). In the Fall and Spring semesters, PI Parajuli taught watershed, water quality, sources of water quality pollution, climate change, and basic modeling technique in the ABE 1863 Engineering Technology in Agriculture and Engineering course. More advanced level of water quality topics covering landuse, soil, spatial analysis, surface-ground water issues, conservation practices, water quality and use of several modeling tools were taught in ABE 4803/6803 Biosystems Simulation/Environmental Modeling, and ABE 3513, GPS/GIS Application in Agriculture and Engineering.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Parajuli P. B., Jayakody P., and Ouyang Y. 2017. Evaluation of using Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration data in SWAT. Water Resources Management, 32 (3): 985-996. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1850-z
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2018. Evaluation of the impacts of BMPs and tail water recovery system on surface and groundwater using satellite imagery and SWAT reservoir function. Agricultural Water Management, 210 (30): 78-87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.07.027
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ying Ouyang, Prem B. Parajuli, Gary Feng, Theodor D. Leininger, Yongshan Wan, and Padmanava Dash. 2018. Application of Climate Assessment Tool (CAT) to Estimate Climate Change Impacts on Water Quality for Local Watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, 563 (2018): 363-371. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169418304396
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Abdullah O. Dakhlalla, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2018. Assessing model parameters sensitivity and uncertainty of streamflow, sediment, and nutrient transport using SWAT. Information Processing in Agriculture, 6(1): 61-72. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2018.08.007
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Avay Risal, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2019. Quantification and simulation of nutrient sources at watershed scale in Mississippi. Science of the Total Environment, 670 (20 June, 2019): 633-643. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.233
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Avay Risal, Prem B. Parajuli, Padmanava Dash, Ying Ouyang, and Anna Linhoss. 2020. Sensitivity of hydrology and water quality to variation in Land use and Land cover data. Agricultural Water Management, 241 (1 November, 2020). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106366
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, Prem B. Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2020. Assessing the impact of conservation practices on ground water using a surface-ground water modeling approach in Mississippi. Water Resources Management, 34: 1553-1566. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02526-3
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dakhlalla O. Abdullah, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2020. Sensitivity of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Transport to Climate Change in an Agricultural Watershed. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11 (4): 1250-1262. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.211
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Parajuli Prem B., and Avay Risal. 2021. Evaluation of climate change on streamflow, sediment, and nutrient load at watershed scale. Climate, 9 (11): 1-14. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/11/165
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Avay Risal, Prem B. Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2021. Impact of BMPs on water quality: A case study in Big Sunflower River watershed, Mississippi. International Journal of River Basin Management (online). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2020.1870993
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, Prem B. Parajuli, Ying Ouyang, Padmanava Dash, and Courtney Siegert. 2021. Assessing land use change impact on stream discharge and stream water quality in an agricultural watershed. Catena, 198, 105055. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.105055
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Avay Risal, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2022. Evaluation of the impact of Best Management Practices on streamflow, sediment and nutrient yield at field and watershed scales. Water Resources Management. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11269-022-03075-7
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dakhlalla, Abdullah O.; Parajuli, Prem B.; Ouyang, Ying; and Schmitz, Darrel W. 2017. Evaluation of agricultural managements on groundwater storage and recharge. Symposium: Managing Water Resources for a Secure Future, ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting, October 22  25, 2017, Tampa, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dakhlalla, A. O., and P. B. Parajuli. 2017. Assessing model sensitivity and uncertainty for hydrological and water quality parameters. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, Spokane, WA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, Parajuli Prem B., and Ouyang Ying. 2018. Evaluation of BMPs impact on surface and ground water using a targeting approach. USDA NIFA and NSF water and soils Program Directors annual meeting, NIFA head quarter at Washington D.C., January 29-31, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Parajuli Prem B. 2018. Watershed Characterization, Hydrological and Water Quality Modeling: Big Sunflower River Watershed in Mississippi. Asia-Pacific Conference on Engineering & Natural Sciences (APICENS), March 13-16, 2018, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni and Prem Parajuli. 2018. Assessing Agricultural Management Impacts on Ground Water Levels Using a Modeling Approach. Symposium: Managing Soil and Water Resources in a Changing Climate, ASA-CSSA International Annual Meeting, November 4 - 7, 2018, Baltimore, MD.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, Parajuli Prem B., and Ouyang Ying. 2018. Evaluating Impacts of Conservation Practices on Surface and Ground Water Levels Change in an Agricultural Watershed. USDA NIFA AFRIs Water for Agriculture and Foundational Soil and Water Programs Program Directors annual meeting, October 1-3, 2018 at the University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni and Prem Parajuli. 2018. Evaluation of the impacts of BMPs and tail water recovery system on surface and groundwater using satellite imagery and SWAT reservoir function. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 to August 1, Cobo Center, Detroit, MI.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Prem Parajuli. 2018. Watershed science and engineering assessment: surface-ground water modeling case scenarios. Global conference on engineering and applied science, July 10-12, Hotel Sunroute Plaza Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Risal Avay, and Prem Parajuli. 2019. Identification, Quantification and Modeling Nutrient Source in Big Sunflower River Watershed. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7 to 11, 2019, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Risal Avay, Prem Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2019. Performance Evaluation of SWAT and HSPF Models for Streamflow, Sediment, and Nutrient Yield in Big Sunflower River Watershed. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7 to 11, 2019, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Risal Avay, and Prem Parajuli. 2020. Effect of BMPs on streamflow, sediment yield, and nutrient load at field and watershed scale. ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12 to 15, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: Risal Avay, Prem Parajuli, Padmanava Dash, Ying Ouyang, and Anna Linhoss. 2020. Sensitivity of hydrology and water quality to variation in land use and land cover data. ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12 to 15, 2020.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2021. Evaluating Hydrological Model Performances on Stream Flow Simulation with Agricultural Management. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 11(1): 17-23. Available at: https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEES/article/viewFile/55280/57097 (DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-1-03)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Risal Avay, and Prem Parajuli. 2021. Comparison of SWAT simulated evapotranspiration with remotely sensed evapotranspiration in Big Sunflower River Watershed, Mississippi. ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 11 to 14, 2021.


Progress 04/01/20 to 03/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Watershed stakeholders, student, and faculty Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trained graduate student to perform publishable research work related to project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Outputs of the project were presented to the conference audiences and through publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue develop methods and refine model inputs to evaluate surface-ground interactions with various sources of data in conjunction with field observed data and watershed management practices using hydrologic and water quality models. We plan to attend meetings or conferences to present our research findings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale. Grab surface water quality samples were collected from three USGS stream flow monitoring locations (Merigold, Sunflower, and Leland) within the BSRW about every two weeks in the past. These three sampling locations represent the spatial distribution of the watershed hydrologic conditions of the BSRW. This study selected BSRW to develop a nutrient modeling work. The BSRW covers most of the agricultural areas in Mississippi delta. The BSRW is located within eleven Mississippi delta counties (Coahoma, Bolivar, Tallahatchie, Sunflower, Leflore, Washington, Humphreys, Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Warren). Avay Risal, a graduate student (PhD) who was working on the project is graduated (Fall, 2020). (2) Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues and climate change on sediment and nutrient transport process. Land use and land cover (LULC) change impacts on hydrology and water quality are of critical importance in regions where water quality is degraded. We have analyzed the temporal and spatial variability of the LULC changes (e.g. forest, cropland, corn and soybean) in the Big Sunflower River Watershed using the SWAT model. Monthly LULC map were also developed by classifying cloud free Landsat images from 2014 to 2018 and combined according to seasons (Spring, Summer, and Fall) in order to obtain the dominant map representing each season. We have evaluated the effect of seasonal change of LULC in hydrology and water quality using the SWAT model and field observed data. (3) Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC and climate change through seminars, research, and extension. In the Fall of 2020, PI Parajuli taught watershed, water quality, sources of water quality pollution, climate change, and basic modeling technique in the ABE 1863 Engineering Technology in Agriculture and Engineering course. More advanced level of water quality topics covering landuse, soil, spatial analysis, surface-ground water issues, conservation practices, water quality and use of several modeling tools were taught in ABE 4803/6803 Biosystems Simulation/Environmental Modeling, and ABE 3513, GPS/GIS Application in Agriculture and Engineering during spring, 2020 and 2021 (on going).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 4. Xiaojing Ni*, Prem B. Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2020. Assessing the impact of conservation practices on ground water using a surface-ground water modeling approach in Mississippi. Water Resources Management, 34: 1553-1566. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-020-02526-3 Impact factor: 2.924 (accessed on July, 15, 2020)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 5. Dakhlalla O. Abdullah*, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2020. Sensitivity of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Transport to Climate Change in an Agricultural Watershed. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 11 (4): 1250-1262. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.211 Impact factor: 1.254 (accessed on December, 15, 2020) *Graduate students supervised by Dr. Prem Parajuli
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: 1. Risal Avay*, and Prem Parajuli. 2020. Effect of BMPs on streamflow, sediment yield, and nutrient load at field and watershed scale. ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12 to 15, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2020 Citation: 2. Risal Avay*, Prem Parajuli, Padmanava Dash, Ying Ouyang, and Anna Linhoss. 2020. Sensitivity of hydrology and water quality to variation in land use and land cover data. ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 12 to 15, 2020. *Graduate students supervised by Dr. Prem Parajuli
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 1. Avay Risal*, Prem B. Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2021. Impact of BMPs on water quality: A case study in Big Sunflower River watershed, Mississippi. International Journal of River Basin Management (Online). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2020.1870993 Impact factor: 1.320 (accessed on January 5, 2021).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 2. Xiaojing Ni*, Prem B. Parajuli, Ying Ouyang, Padmanava Dash, and Courtney Siegert. 2021. Assessing land use change impact on stream discharge and stream water quality in an agricultural watershed. Catena, 198, 105055. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.105055 Impact factor: 4.333 (accessed on January 5, 2021)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 3. Avay Risal*, Prem B. Parajuli, Padmanava Dash, Ying Ouyang, and Anna Linhoss. 2020. Sensitivity of hydrology and water quality to variation in Land use and Land cover data. Agricultural Water Management, 241 (1 November, 2020). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106366 Impact factor: 4.021 (accessed on July, 15, 2020)


Progress 04/01/19 to 03/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Students, faculty, watershed managers, and participants in national and international meetings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students were trained on geo-spatial data collection and analysis, model development, identifying nutrient sources, developing model input, statistical analysis, and writing manuscripts. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project results has been disseminated to students through class rooms. Other scientists and watershed managers through presentation in the meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue develop methods and refine model inputs to evaluate nutrient sources and their transport processes in conjunction with the LULC seasonal data layers, field observed data and watershed management practices using hydrologic and water quality models. We plan to attend meetings or conferences to present our research findings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale. Grab surface water quality samples have been collected from three USGS stream flow monitoring locations (Merigold, Sunflower, and Leland) within the BSRW about every two weeks. The last sample for this project was taken January 8, 2020. These three sampling locations represent the spatial distribution of the watershed hydrologic conditions of the BSRW. This study selected BSRW to develop a nutrient modeling work. The BSRW covers most of the agricultural areas in Mississippi delta. The BSRW is located within eleven Mississippi delta counties (Coahoma, Bolivar, Tallahatchie, Sunflower, Leflore, Washington, Humphreys, Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Warren). Avay Risal, a graduate student (PhD) is working on identifying nutrient sources and developing methods to conduct a nutrient source modeling research. (2) Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues and climate change on sediment and nutrient transport process. Monthly LULC map were developed by classifying cloud free Landsat images from 2014 to 2018 and combined according to seasons (Spring, Summer, and Fall) in order to obtain the dominant map representing each season. We are in the process of evaluating effect of seasonal change of LULC in hydrology and water quality using model and field observed data. (3) Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC and climate change through seminars, research, and extension. In the Fall of 2019, PI Parajuli taught watershed, water quality, sources of water quality pollution, climate change, and basic modeling technique in the ABE 1863 Engineering Technology in Agriculture and Engineering course. More advanced level of water quality topics covering landuse, soil, spatial analysis, surface-ground water issues, conservation practices, water quality and use of several modeling tools were taught in ABE 4803/6803 Biosystems Simulation/Environmental Modeling, and ABE 3513, GPS/GIS Application in Agriculture and Engineering during spring 2018 and 2020.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Avay Risal, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2019. Quantification and simulation of nutrient sources at watershed scale in Mississippi. Science of the Total Environment, 670 (20 June, 2019): 633-643. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.233
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Abdullah O. Dakhlalla, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2019. Assessing model parameters sensitivity and uncertainty of streamflow, sediment, and nutrient transport using SWAT. Information Processing in Agriculture, 6 (1): 61-72. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214317318300763
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dakhlalla O. Abdullah, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2019. Sensitivity of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Transport to Climate Change in an Agricultural Watershed. Journal of Water and Climate Change. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.211
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Risal Avay, and Prem Parajuli. 2019. Identification, Quantification and Modeling Nutrient Source in Big Sunflower River Watershed. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7 to 11, 2019, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Risal Avay, Prem Parajuli, and Ying Ouyang. 2019. Performance Evaluation of SWAT and HSPF Models for Streamflow, Sediment, and Nutrient Yield in Big Sunflower River Watershed. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 7 to 11, 2019, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Scott Landon Sanders. 2019. Improved land use and land cover classification and determination of the influence of land use and land cover on the water quality in an agriculture dominated watershed. MS Thesis. Mississippi State University.


Progress 04/01/18 to 03/31/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Watershed stakeholders, faculty, students and scientists. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the Fall of 2018, we have conducted bi-weekly "Water Seminar", where students, research associates, faculty and water professionals were participated. More than 100 seminar participants benefitted in the various areas of water research with water seminars. Graduate and undergraduate students were trained on application of watershed modeling tools. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project objectives, activities, and progress were presented in the local, national and international meetings (e.g. ASABE, ASA-CSSA-SSSA). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue collecting water quality samples from three USGS gage stations. We will develop methods and refine models to evaluate nutrient sources and their transport processes in conjunction with field observed data and watershed management practices using hydrologic and water quality models. We plan to attend meetings or conferences to present our research findings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objectives: The overall goal of the proposed project is to assess downstream sediment and nutrient dynamics due to spatial and temporal scales diversity of agroecosystems in the watershed scale. The specific objectives will include: (1) Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale. Grab surface water quality samples have been collected from three USGS stream flow monitoring locations (Merigold, Sunflower, and Leland) within the BSRW about every two weeks. These three sampling locations represent the spatial distribution of the watershed hydrologic conditions of the BSRW. This study selected BSRW to develop a nutrient modeling work. The BSRW covers most of the agricultural areas in Mississippi delta. The BSRW is located within eleven Mississippi delta counties (Coahoma, Bolivar, Tallahatchie, Sunflower, Leflore, Washington, Humphreys, Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Warren). Avay Risal, a graduate student (PhD) is working on identifying nutrient sources and developing methods to conduct a nutrient source modeling research. (2) Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues and climate change on sediment and nutrient transport process. We are in the process of creating LULC shapefiles for the BSRW with higher temporal resolution Landsat 8 data, which can be used in the SWAT model. The LULC shapefiles are being constructed every 16 days from clear sky Landsat 8 imagery to provide more dynamic understanding of trends and LULC changes. (3) Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC and climate change through seminars, research, and extension. In the Fall of 2018, PI Parajuli taught watershed, water quality, sources of water quality pollution, climate change, and basic modeling technique in the ABE 1863 Engineering Technology in Agriculture and Engineering course. More advanced level of water quality topics covering landuse, soil, spatial analysis, surface-ground water issues, conservation practices, water quality and use of several modeling tools were taught in ABE 4803/6803 Biosystems Simulation/Environmental Modeling, and ABE 3513, GPS/GIS Application in Agriculture and Engineering during spring 2018. In the Fall of 2018, we have conducted bi-weekly "Water Seminar", where students, research associates, faculty and water professionals were participated. More than 100 seminar participants benefitted in the various areas of water research with water seminars. Project objectives, activities, and progress were presented in the national and international meetings (e.g. ASABE, ASA-CSSA-SSSA).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2018. Evaluation of the impacts of BMPs and tail water recovery system on surface and groundwater using satellite imagery and SWAT reservoir function. Agricultural Water Management, 210 (30): 78-87.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Ying Ouyang, Prem B. Parajuli, Gary Feng, Theodor D. Leininger, Yongshan Wan, and Padmanava Dash. 2018. Application of Climate Assessment Tool (CAT) to Estimate Climate Change Impacts on Water Quality for Local Watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, 563 (2018): 363-371.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Abdullah O. Dakhlalla*, and Prem B. Parajuli. 2019. Assessing model parameters sensitivity and uncertainty of streamflow, sediment, and nutrient transport using SWAT. Information Processing in Agriculture, 6 (1): 61-72.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni and Prem Parajuli. 2018. Assessing Agricultural Management Impacts on Ground Water Levels Using a Modeling Approach. Symposium: Managing Soil and Water Resources in a Changing Climate, ASA-CSSA International Annual Meeting, November 4 - 7, 2018, Baltimore, MD.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni*, Parajuli Prem B., and Ouyang Ying. 2018. Evaluating Impacts of Conservation Practices on Surface and Ground Water Levels Change in an Agricultural Watershed. USDA NIFA AFRIs Water for Agriculture and Foundational Soil and Water Programs Program Directors annual meeting, October 1-3, 2018 at the University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni* and Prem Parajuli. 2018. Evaluation of the impacts of BMPs and tail water recovery system on surface and groundwater using satellite imagery and SWAT reservoir function. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 29 to August 1, Cobo Center, Detroit, MI.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Prem Parajuli. 2018. Watershed science and engineering assessment: surface-ground water modeling case scenarios. Global conference on engineering and applied science, July 10-12, Hotel Sunroute Plaza Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni. 2018. PhD dissertation. Evaluation of Impacts of Conservation Practices on Surface Water and Groundwater at Watershed Scale. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering at Mississippi State University. April 18, 2018; Mississippi State, MS.


Progress 04/01/17 to 03/31/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Students, faculty, watershed managers, and participants in national and international meetings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students were trained on geo-spatial data collection and analysis, model development, identifying nutrient sources, developing model input, statistical analysis, and writing manuscripts. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project results has been disseminated to students through class rooms. Other scientists and watershed managers through presentation in the meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue collecting water quality samples from three USGS gage stations. We will develop and refine models to evaluate nutrient sources and their transport processes in conjunction with field observed data and watershed management practices using hydrologic and water quality models. We plan to conduct seminar, update webpage with any additional information, and attend meetings or conferences to present our research findings.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? (1) Evaluate nitrogen and phosphorus sources and their effects on surface and shallow ground water regime at the watershed scale. Grab surface water quality samples have been collected from three USGS stream flow monitoring locations (Merigold, Sunflower, and Leland) within the BSRW about every two weeks. These three sampling locations represent the spatial distribution of the watershed hydrologic conditions of the BSRW. This study selected BSRW to develop a nutrient modeling work. The BSRW covers most of the agricultural areas in Mississippi delta. The BSRW (10,488 km2) is located within eleven Mississippi delta counties (Coahoma, Bolivar, Tallahatchie, Sunflower, Leflore, Washington, Humphreys, Sharkey, Issaquena, Yazoo and Warren). Avay Risal, a graduate student (PhD) was recently hired to conduct nutrient source modeling research. He has started learning surface water quality modeling using the SWAT model. (2) Assess sensitivity of LULC with spatial and temporal issues and climate change on sediment and nutrient transport process. We are in the process of creating LULC shapefiles for the BSRW with higher temporal resolution Landsat 8 data, which can be used in the SWAT model. The LULC shapefiles are being constructed every 16 days from clear sky Landsat 8 imagery to provide more dynamic understanding of trends and LULC changes. (3) Develop extension programs to educate watershed stakeholders, students, faculty, minorities, youth, and farmers on surface water quality and shallow-ground water quantity improvement processes due to LULC and climate change through seminars, research, and extension. PI-Dr. Prem Parajuli attended Delta Water Resources Meeting (9/27/2017) in Indianola, MS; which was hosted by Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ). Project objectives, activities, and progress were presented in the national and international meetings (e.g. ASABE, ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Asia-Pacific). In the Fall of 2017, PI Parajuli taught watershed, water quality, sources of water quality pollution, climate change, and basic modeling technique in the ABE 1863 Engineering Technology in Agriculture and Engineering course. More advanced level of water quality topics covering landuse, soil, spatial analysis, surface-ground water issues, conservation practices, water quality and use of several modeling tools were taught in ABE 4803/6803 Biosystems Simulation/Environmental Modeling, and ABE 3513, GPS/GIS Application in Agriculture and Engineering during spring 2018.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Parajuli P. B., Jayakody P., and Ouyang Y. 2017. Evaluation of using Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration data in SWAT. Water Resources Management, 32 (3): 985-996.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Parajuli Prem B. 2018. Watershed Characterization, Hydrological and Water Quality Modeling: Big Sunflower River Watershed in Mississippi. Asia-Pacific Conference on Engineering & Natural Sciences (APICENS), March 13-16, 2018, Taipei, Taiwan.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2018 Citation: Xiaojing Ni*, Parajuli Prem B., and Ouyang Ying. 2018. Evaluation of BMPs impact on surface and ground water using a targeting approach. USDA NIFA and NSF water and soils Program Directors annual meeting, NIFA head quarter at Washington D.C., January 29-31, 2018.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dakhlalla, Abdullah O.*; Parajuli, Prem B.; Ouyang, Ying; and Schmitz, Darrel W. 2017. Evaluation of agricultural managements on groundwater storage and recharge. Symposium: Managing Water Resources for a Secure Future, ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting, October 22  25, 2017, Tampa, FL.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dakhlalla*, A. O., and P. B. Parajuli. 2017. Assessing model sensitivity and uncertainty for hydrological and water quality parameters. ASABE Annual International Meeting, July 16-19, Spokane, WA. *Graduate students supervised by PI