Source: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY submitted to
CAN IMPROVED GRAZING MANAGEMENT CONTRIBUTE TO SEQUESTERING CARBON IN SOILS AND IMPROVING DELIVERY OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RESILIENCE IN GRAZING ECOSYSTEMS?
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
HATCH
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1007494
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 24, 2015
Project End Date
Aug 17, 2020
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
750 AGRONOMY RD STE 2701
COLLEGE STATION,TX 77843-0001
Performing Department
Chillicothe-vernon TAMU Ag Res Cntr
Non Technical Summary
Most rangelands in the USA have been degraded by past management. The provision of ecosystem services and livelihoods is entirely dependent on healthy ecosystem function that is directly related to the quantity of carbon contained in soils and the diversity and health of soil biota. Since virtually all organic carbon sequestered in soils is extracted from the atmosphere by photosynthetic organisms and converted to complex molecules by bacteria and fungi, in synergy with insects and animals, it has been proposed that restoring degraded grasslands is an effective, affordable and sustainable method for increasing soil organic carbon. Leading conservation ranchers using adaptive multi-paddock grazing (AMP) have effectively restored grasslands over millions of hectares on four continents, primarily in semi-arid and arid areas, since the 1970s. This has been achieved by managing livestock using multiple small paddocks to provide periods of short grazing and long recovery to mimic the predator-influenced herd migrations of animals like ancestral bison, elk and equids with which these ecosystems co-evolved. Prior peer-reviewed research on north central Texas ranches practicing AMP sequestered 30 tons of carbon more per hectare over 10 years compared to conventionally grazed ranches. Anecdotal evidence indicates similar carbon storage in different eco-regions but we need much more rigorously collected data. In this project we hope to discover whether or not AMP is a credible way to regenerate soils while creating healthy food, clean watersheds, resilient farms and rural communities via sequestering large amounts of carbon. We believe such research would be critically foundational in creating productive agricultural, environmental and economic development policy.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1020199106017%
1020799106016%
1110199106017%
1110799106017%
1210199106017%
1210799106016%
Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 111 - Conservation and Efficient Use of Water; 121 - Management of Range Resources;

Subject Of Investigation
0799 - Rangelands and grasslands, general; 0199 - Soil and land, general;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
The purpose of the project is to conduct a ranch-scale, multi-county assessment that addresses three related objectives in the context of the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation:Determine the extent that grazing strategies influence key ecosystem services (especially soil and vegetation carbon sequestration), soil fertility and stability, water quality, net primary and secondary production, and the economic viability of working ranches that contribute to the retention of open space and rural community health in native rangelands of the USA.Determine the extent that different grazing management strategies can be used by livestock producers to mitigate and adapt to alternative climate change scenarios.Evaluate the long-term economic consequences of using alternative grazing management strategies to achieve rangeland restoration and production goals.
Project Methods
In this project we propose to examine soil carbon, biodiversity, and the rancher economy and well-being by comparing AMP management with traditional continuously grazed rangeland at light stocking rates (LCG) and heavily stocked (HCG) in four diverse grazing ecosystems in North America on triads of neighboring ranches. The hypotheses being tested are that regenerative AMP grazing management will produce significant improvements in the soil, vegetation, microbial populations, insect populations, wildlife populations, social impact, economic, socio-ecological resilience, soil carbon and water marketing potential, and livestock health and welfare elements relative to LCG and HCG management.We propose to measure the 10-year minimum changes from CG to AMP grazing management strategies on the soil carbon levels, soil physical and chemical and microbial properties and associated vegetation dynamics in paired AMP /CG ranching landscapes. We have identified the 36 ranches that have used continuous AMP, LCG and HCG grazing, and created the triads of neighbor ranches in each geographic location comprising 4 ecoregions x 3 management strategies x 3 replicates for a total of 36 ranches. At each of these ranches we will sample SOC and vegetation on neighbouring ranches representing three different grazing management strategies that include: 1) traditional continuous grazing with low stocking rates (LCG); 2) traditional continuous grazing with heavy stocking rates (HCG); and 3) regenerative, multi-paddock (AMP) grazing. We will use the data collected to assess the benefits, and potential possible incentives, to encourage ranchers to adopt grazing management that produces superior ecological and economic outcomes. The research will be subjected to high-level quality control, including internal and external technical peer review of the science and economic analyses to meet the rigors of business investment and finance third parties, and publication in reputable scientific journals to satisfy the need for independent scientific adjudication.

Progress 09/24/15 to 08/17/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, scientists and professional consultants whose aim it is to manage grazing ecosystems to regenerate ecological function as a base to improving ecological services and net farmer profitability. To accomplish this, our team partners with farmers who have improved the environment and excel financially to convert experimental results into sound environmental, social, and economic benefits regionally and globally. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Partnered with Dr Tim Steffens of West Texas A&M University who conducted a series of Grazing schools to area ranchers interested in adopting regenerative grazing on their ranches to improve ecosystem function as the base to improving their net profitability. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Conference presentations with team research results 1.Teague, W.R. Invited presentation Grazing to restore soil health and ranch profitability.Regenerative Grazing Conference, Salado, TX 19th- 20thFebruary 2020. 2.Teague, W.R. Invited presentation Grazing down the carbon for essential ecosystem services. Texas Land Conservation Conference. Austin, TX, 27thFebruary 2020 3.Teague, W.R. Invited presentation. Grazing to restore soil health and ranch profitability.American Society of Animal Science, July 21 2020 Virtual conference. 4.Teague, W.R. Invited presentation Argentina Society of animal Science Annual conference. Manejo Holístico para restaurar la salud de los suelos y la rentabilidad de los predios (Holistic Management to restore soil health and ranch profitability). Conference Virtual AAPA 26 de Noviembre 2020. Farmer workshop presentations: Teague, W.R. Understanding the Nexus between Soils and Grazing Webinar presentation to New Zealand Regenerative grazing group of Texas AgriLife Research Regenerative grazing research results. 23rdJan 2020 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The journal publications and presentations to scientist and ranch businessmen on the topics of our research that encompasses the above-listed goals.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang, H., Grant, W.E., Teague, R. 2020. Modeling rangelands as complex adaptive socio-environmental systems. Journal of Ecological Management 269 :110762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110762
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dowhower, S.L., Teague, W.R., K. Steigman, and Freiheit, R. 2020. Texas Blackland Prairie restoration on old-field vegetation using seeding, mowing and burning. Arid Land Research and Management, DOI: 10.1080/15324982.2020.1774941.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Dowhower, S.L., Teague, W.R., K. Steigman, and Freiheit, R. 2020. Effectiveness of periodic grazing and burning in maintaining native tallgrass species restorations under drought conditions in Texas Blackland Prairie. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 306:107195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107195
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Teague R, Kreuter U. 2020. Managing Grazing to Restore Soil Health, Ecosystem Function, and Ecosystem Services. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 4:534187. https//doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.534187
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang T, Jin H, Kreuter U, Feng H, Hennessy D, Teague R, Che Y. 2020. Challenges for rotational grazing practice: Views from non-adopters across the Great Plains, USA. Journal of Environmental Management. 256:109941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109941
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang t, Jin H, Kreuter U, Teague R. 2020. Expanding grass-based agriculture on marginal land in the U.S. Great Plains: The role of management intensive grazing. Land Use Policy. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105155
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mosier S, Apfelbaum S, Byck P, Calderon F, Teague R, Thompson R, Cotrufo F. Adaptive multi-paddock grazing increases soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and stabilization through mineral association in southeastern U.S. grazing lands. Global Climate Change, In review.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Apfelbaum S, Thompson R, Wang F, Mosier S, Teague R, Peter Byck P. Vegetation, Water Infiltration, and Soil Carbon Response to Adaptive Multi-Paddock and Conventional Grazing in Southeastern USA Ranches. Journal of Environmental Management. In review
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2020 Citation: Johnson DC, Teague R, Apfelbaum SI., Thompson R, Peter Byck P. Adaptive multi-paddock grazing impacts on soil microbiota, soil organic carbon, photosynthetic capacity, and soil carbon-use efficiency in Southeastern USA Ranches. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. In Review
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Apfelbaum S, McGraw M, Thompson R, Wang F, Teague R. Breeding Bird Response to Adaptive Multi-Paddock and Continuous Grazing in Southeastern USA Ranches. Ornithological Applications. Submitted


Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, scientists and professional consultants whose aim it is to manage grazing ecosystems to regenerate ecological function as a base to improving ecological services and net farmer profitability. To accomplish this, our team partners with farmers who have improved the environment and excel financially to convert experimental results into sound environmental, social, and economic benefits regionally and globally. Changes/Problems:The major problem we have is getting funding for the 23 scientists, 12 discipline project to work concurrently on appropriately managed grazing landscapes to provide a broad systems-science framework essential to provide meaningful results in close partnership with and for farm managers to achieve regenerative ecological and improved economic outcomes. The advantages to adopting this research framework are: Addresses questions at more meaningful scales Integrates component science into whole-system interactions and responses Identifies emergent and self-organizing ecological properties Includes the human element essential for achieving economic and environmental goals Incorporates adaptive management to achieve goals Indicates how to manage adaptively Facilitates identifying unintended consequences What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Partnered with Dr Tim Steffens of West Texas A&M University who conducted a series of Grazing schools to area ranchers interested in adopting regenerative grazing on their ranches to improve ecosystem function as the base to improving their net profitability. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Web publications: The Grazing Ecology & Management Project. Open Access Government https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/the-grazing-ecology-management-project/75635/ Regenerative Organic Practices "Clean Up the Act of Agriculture" June 21, 2019, Emily Payne AgFunder Network Partners. https://agfundernews.com/dr-richard-teague-regenerative-organic-practices-clean-up-the-act-of-agriculture.html?fbclid=IwAR0UvA8zM52ihiCDBubUDCXsKHD5_FecQOZv8g1Ak_A6S2UORiMjlSzs50E Conference presentations with team research results Wang, T., H. Jin, R. Teague, U. Kreuter. "Converting cropland to grass: the role of intensive grazing management". Selected presentation for the 2019 America's Grasslands Conference, Bismarck, ND, August 20-22. Wang, T., H. Feng, D. A. Hennessy, R. Teague, U. Kreuter, Y. Che. "Challenges for Rotational Grazing Practice: Views from Non-adopters across the U.S. Great Plains". Selected presentation for the 2019 America's Grasslands Conference, Bismarck, ND, August 20-22. Wang, T., H. Jin, R. Teague, U. Kreuter. "Land Use Conversion Decisions: The Role of Intensive Grazing Management". Selected presentation for the 60th Mountain Plains Conference, Brookings, SD, October 18-19, 2019. Wang, T., H. Feng, D. A. Hennessy, R. Teague, U. Kreuter, Y. Che. "Challenges for Rotational Grazing Practice: Views from Non-adopters across U.S. Great Plains". Southern Economic Association (SEA) 89th annual meetings Presentation, Fort Lauderdale, FL, November 23-25, 2019. Teague farmer workshop presentations: Jan 5-6. Presented at No-till on the Plains Conference, titled "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods", Burlington Colorado. Feb 5-6. Invited presentation at International Foundation for the Unity of the Sciences Conference XXV titled "Restoring soil health and ranch livelihoods", Seoul, South Korea. Feb 26-27.NRCS soil health conference presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Palestine, TX Mar 23-24 NRCS soil health conference presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Victoria, TX May 12-14. Assisted with teaching and evaluation of Savory Institute Environmental Outcomes Evaluation program, Peoria, Colorado. Jul 11. Presented at Texas Wildlife Association, Private Lands Summit Conference "Understanding the Nexus between Soils and Grazing". San Antonio, TX. Oct 27 Meet with Valero Oil Company Management on their Diamond K Ranch, Boerne, TX, to present our research results indicating the impact on using regenerative grazing to increase soil carbon to take advantage of soil carbon sequestration rewards schemes being developed in the US. Sep 4. Presented 3 presentations at annual Uinta County Soil Health day, "Planned grazing to regenerate soil health and ranch livelihoods-Ecology of grazing ecosystems", "Rethinking research and importance of studying management - Why do we need to change?", and "Goals, planning, management and monitoring - What we have learned from ranchers ". Lone Tree, Wyoming. Sep 7 Meet with EOG Resources Oil Company Management to present our research results indicating the impact on using regenerative grazing to increase soil carbon to take advantage of soil carbon sequestration rewards schemes being developed in the US, Houston TX. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Our multi-disciplinary research team is working to get the first stage of our US-wide research in SE US published and the second phase for northern Great Plains fully funded. The work that has been adequately funded has completed one season of fieldwork towards the project goal and will be getting a 2nd season of data analyses with subsequent journal publication and presentation of conclusions to scientific and stakeholder audiences. To get all elements of our research funded submit a proposal to Shell North America in partnership with Arizona State University Soil Carbon Nation Research Program for the $12 mil balance of $20 million over 4 years titled "What is the best grazing management can do to significantly improve soil carbon and soil function in North American grazing ecosystem soils to improve social-ecological systems?" Complete publication of research we are currently analyzing and submit to journals.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplished the following in our research project under the goals/objectives for this reporting period. a. Hydrology i. Maintain and collect data from long-term YER experimental watersheds. b. Rangeland ecosystem restoration i. Analyze data for journal publication from experiment to determine the management inputs needed to increase big bluestem and other high seral grasses in degraded tallgrass prairie. ii. Analyze data for journal publication from experiment to determine the GHG emissions from soil under different grazing management on tallgrass prairie. iii. Completed field work in south east US collecting data from landscape scale field research with funded grant to examine the ecological and economic consequences of different grazing management options. iv. Work with Dr. Tong Wang (South Dakota State University) and Dr. Srini Ale as members of her NIFA grant studying grazing management - soil biology interactions to quantify delivery of ecosystem services and socio-ecological resilience in grazing ecosystems. c. Soil health restoration Published NRCS-CIG funded research to study the impacts of Soil Health Management Systems on cropland and Bermuda grass pasture including residue management, cover crops, diverse crop rotation, high density, regenerative grazing, and pasture over-seeding on soil microbiology composition, nutrient cycling, soil water availability and plant growth. d. Regenerative grazing to restore ecosystem function, ecosystem services and farmer net profitability Completed field work for our large multi-disciplinary and multi-institution project in the South Eastern US "What is the best grazing management can do to significantly improve soil carbon and soil function in North American grazing ecosystem soils to improve social-ecological systems?" Field work and data collation collected from the 10 ranches in SE US were completed and we are preparing to submit analyzed results to journals .

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Dowhower, S., Teague, W.R., Casey, K.D., Daniel, R. 2019. Soil greenhouse gas emissions as impacted by soil moisture and temperature under continuous and holistic planned grazing in native tallgrass prairie. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 287, 106647.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hillenbrand, M., Thompson, R., Wang, F., Apfelbaum, S., Teague, R. 2019. Impacts of holistic planned grazing with bison compared to continuous grazing with cattle in South Dakota shortgrass prairie. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 279, 156-322.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Teague WR., DeLaune, P.B., Dowhower, SL. 2019. Impacts of over-seeding bermudagrass pasture with multispecies cover crops on soil water availability, microbiology, and nutrient status in North Texas. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 273, 117129.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Wang, T., Jin, H., Kreuter, U., Feng, H., Hennessy, D.A., Teague, W.R., Che, Y. Challenges for Rotational Grazing Practice: Views from Non-adopters across the Great Plains, USA. Journal of Environmental Management. Accepted in press


Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Farmers, scientists and professional consultants whose aim it is to manage grazing ecosystems to regenerate ecological function as a base to improving ecological services and net farmer profitability. To accomplish this, our team partners with farmers who have improved the environment and excel financially to convert experimental results into sound environmental, social, and economic benefits regionally and globally. Changes/Problems:The major problem is getting funding for the 23 scientist, 12 discipline project and coordinatingmanaged grazing landscapes to provide a broad systems framework that is essential to provide meaningful results in partnership with farm managers to achieve regenerative ecological and improved economic outcomes. The advantages to adopting this research framework are: Addresses questions at more meaningful scales Integrates component science into whole-system interactions and responses Identifies emergent and self-organizing ecological properties Includes the human element essential for achieving economic and environmental goals Incorporates adaptive management to achieve goals Indicates how to manage adaptively Facilitates identifying unintended consequences What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Partnered with Dr Tim Steffens of West Texas A&M University who conducted a series of Grazing schools to area ranchers interested in adopting regenerative grazing on their ranches to improve ecosystem function as the base to improving their net profitability. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Farmer workshop presentations: Throughout the year reviewed journal papers Feb 3 Saskatchewan presentation "Impact of different grazing management on ecosystem functions in Canadian grasslands". Canadian Holistic Management Conference, Moosomin, SK. Feb 20 Apache Oklahoma presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Apache, OK. Feb 26, 27 Oklahoma Assoc. Conserv. Districts annual meeting presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Oklahoma City May 9 NRCS soil health conference presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Palestine, TX May 15, 16 Texas A&M Extension Ranching workshop "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Wheeler TX. June 21, 22 Participated in Grassfed Exchange conference in South Dakota Sept 25 Organic and Biodynamic Farming Conference "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Dallas, TX. Oct 18 North Central Texas College - Dixon Water Foundation farmer conference "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health & Farm Livelihoods". Gainesville, TX. Nov 1 Quivira/Holistic Management International/ US Grassfed beef presentation "Can Soil Health Equal Rancher Wealth? Albuquerque, NM. Nov 8 Attended premier of "Dirt Rich" film on environmental regeneration which I featured in and answered questions with the film director at Southwestern University, Georgetown TX. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Our multi-disciplinary research team is working to get all disciplinary elements fully funded. The work that has been adequately funded adequately has completed one season of field work and will be getting a 2nd season of data analyses with subsequent journal publication and presentation to interested scientific and stakeholder audiences. To get all elements of our research funded submit a proposal to Shell North America in partnership with Arizona State University Soil Carbon Nation Research Program for the $12 mil balance of $20 million over 4 years titled "What is the best grazing management can do to significantly improve soil carbon and soil function in North American grazing ecosystem soils to improve social-ecological systems?" Complete publication of research we are currently analyzing and preparing for journal submission.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplished the following in our research project under the goals/objectives for this reporting period. Hydrology i. Maintain and collect data from long-term YER experimental watersheds. Rangeland ecosystem restoration i. Analyze data for journal publication from experiment to determine the management inputs needed to increase big bluestem and other high seral grasses in degraded tallgrass prairie. ii. Analyze data for journal publication from experiment to determine the GHG emissions from soil under different grazing management on tallgrass prairie. iii. Continue with field work in south east US collecting data from landscape scale field research with funded grant to examine the ecological and economic consequences of different grazing management options. iv. Work with Dr. Tong Wang (South Dakota State University) and Dr. Srini Ale as members of her NIFA grant studying grazing management - soil biology interactions to quantify delivery of ecosystem services and socio-ecological resilience in grazing ecosystems. Soil health restoration Published NRCS-CIG funded research to study the impacts of Soil Health Management Systems on cropland and Bermuda grass pasture including residue management, cover crops, diverse crop rotation, high density, regenerative grazing, and pasture over-seeding on soil microbiology composition, nutrient cycling, soil water availability and plant growth. Regenerative grazing to restore ecosystem function, ecosystem services and farmer net profitability Initialized our large multi-disciplinary and multi-institution project in the South Eastern US "What is the best grazing management can do to significantly improve soil carbon and soil function in North American grazing ecosystem soils to improve social-ecological systems?" Our team leadership group (that includes me) selected 10 ranches in SE US suitable for this leg of our US wide project from 72 likely ranch pairs. The 10 ranches chosen (2 pairs of 5) were situated in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama (2) and Mississippi. Pairs had to contain an excellent example of a farm that had been managed using adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing for at least 5 years, a neighbor who was managing grazing for the same length of time using a good example of grazing practiced in the area, was eager to be part of the study, and had soils that were matched across the fence so valid comparisons could be made. Likely sites had to be checked for the same soil to compare between each pair but sampling soils using the USDA-soil mapping base but check that each sampling point contained the same soil. Once these had been chosen by the leadership group each of the 23 scientists in 12 disciplines setup to start collecting data and began to do so. To begin not all funding had been secured but progress was made during the year to secure sufficient funding to begin. All planned sampling was conducted during the year.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Wang, T., Teague W.R., Park S.C., and S. Bevers. 2018. Evaluating long-term economic and ecological consequences of continuous and multi-paddock grazing - a modeling approach. Agricultural Systems 165: 197-207.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Teague, W.R., DeLaune, P.B., Dowhower S.L., and Daniels, R. 2018. Impacts of over-seeding Bermuda grass pasture with multi-species cover crops on soil water availability, microbiology, and nutrient status in North Texas. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2018 Citation: Hillenbrand, M., Thompson, R., Wang, F., Apfelbaum, S., and Teague, W.R. 2018. Impacts of holistic planned grazing with bison compared to continuous grazing with cattle on vegetation, water infiltration and soil carbon in South Dakota shortgrass prairie. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environmental


Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:National Academy of Scientists and Royal Society (UK) Canadian government and universities Regenerative Agriculture International Ranch management consultants Ranch owners & managers USDA-NRCS personnel Policy makers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research generated in this project has generated considerable interest from different US and international entities, including the previous White House Office of Science and Technology (OSTP), the Canadian government and universities, the National Academy of Scientists (US) and The Royal Society (UK) wishing to be better informed on regeneration of ecological function and sustainable management of rangeland and pasture land with particular reference to carbon sequestration to enhance the provision of ecosystem services from grazingland ecosystems. Consequently, inputs have been made to work with outreach personnel to provide them with information generated by documenting the achievements of conservation award winning ranchers that they can use towards such goals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? University of Alberta, presentation to Ecology and Agricultural faculty and students. Presentation: Managing Grazing and Cropping to Regenerate Soil Carbon and Ecosystem Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Jan 15, 2017. Grassfed sustainability ranchers meeting, Savory Institute Hub foundation meeting. Presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Wimberley, TX, May 20th, 2017. Presentation of research results to Argentinian ranchers. Presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Henrietta, TX, June 6, 2017. Joint Dixon Water Foundation and Noble Foundation workshop for McDonald's personnel and suppliers. Presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Leo, TX, June 15, 2017. Presentation of all my research funded by Dixon Water Foundation to DWF board at annual foundation conference. Marfa, TX, September 9, 2017. Participate in Semi-Annual conference of Regenerative Agriculture International, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, September 22-25, 2017. America's Grassland Conference, presentation title: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods (my presentation presented by Russ Conser). Fort Worth, TX, November 14-16, 2017. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Get a further five journal articles published. Existing and new grant funding will be used to continuing the activities listed above. Our research group plan to obtain grants to further the soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to other areas in the grazing agro-ecosystems through the Great Plains, mid-west and south-eastern USA. Continue soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Completed experiment to determine the management inputs needed to increase big bluestem in degraded tallgrass prairie. Completed experiments to determine the GHG emissions from soil under different grazing management on tallgrass prairie. Continued development of landscape scale field research to synthesize and examine the ecological and economic consequences of different rangeland management options in four ecoregions of US. Continued work with Dr. Srini Ale to build on recent field research to evaluate the impact of traditional and multi-paddock grazing on water catchment function in southern tallgrass prairie landscapes. Continued measurement of runoff, water quality, soil moisture, and plant growth on 9 experimental watersheds in mixed mesquite-juniper rangeland on the Y Experimental Ranch, Crowell, Texas. Completed NRCS-CIG funded research to study the impacts of Soil Health Management Systems on cropland and Bermuda grass pasture including residue management, cover crops, diverse crop rotation, high density grazing, and pasture over-seeding on soil microbiology composition, nutrient cycling, soil water availability and plant growth. Began statistical analysis and preparation to submit journal articles. Conducted 3 Adaptive Management Grazing schools with Dr. Tim Steffens involving rancher groups at The Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma (1) and West Texas A&M University, Canyon, Texas (2). We have conducted proof-of-concept sampling through North America that provides direct evidence that similar increased carbon storage we have found in North Texas is possible with AMP grazing throughout the Great Plains and east of the Mississippi eco-regions. In drier locations west of the Great Plains much less carbon is added to the soil with AMP grazing although important functions like infiltration are improved with such improved management. On the strength of these preliminary results we have been successful in getting grant funds to do in-depth, multi-disciplinary research in Canada ($2.6 mil.) and SE United States (~$6 mill.). Selected suitable ranches (17 pairs) for the AGGP Canadian grant project to begin initial field sampling. Began selection of suitable ranches (~ 40) to conduct the South-East US grant on determining the soil carbon and ecosystem service consequences of using different grazing management.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Rowntree JE, Ryals R, DeLonge MS, Teague WR, Chiavegato MB, Byck P, Wang T and S Xu. 2016. Potential mitigation of Midwest grass-finished beef production emissions with soil carbon sequestration in the United States of America. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society 4: 31-38.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Teague WR and Barnes M. 2017. Grazing management that regenerates ecosystem function and grazingland Livelihoods. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 34: 7786.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Park J, Srinivasulu A, Teague WR, Jeong J. 2017. Evaluating the ranch and watershed scale impacts of using traditional and adaptive multi-paddock grazing on runoff, sediment and nutrient losses in North Texas, USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 240: 32-44.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Park J, Srinivasulu A, Teague WR. 2017. Simulated water quality effects of alternate grazing management practices at the ranch and watershed scales. Ecological Modelling 360:1-13.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Teague WR. (In press). Managing Grazing to Restore Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods. Journal of Animal. Science.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Wang T, Teague R, Park S, Bevers S. (In press). Evaluating long-term economic and ecological consequences of continuous and multi-paddock grazing - a modeling approach. Agricultural Systems
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2017 Citation: Dowhower S and Teague R. (In press). Spatial Patterns in a Prosopis  Juniperus Savannah. Texas Journal of Natural Resources.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Western Canada Holistic Management and Organic Agriculture conference. Presentation: The Impact of Carbon Farming, Lacombe, Alberta Jan 19-20, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Texas Land Conservation Conference. Presentation: What Research Shows about the Potential of Regenerative Grazing Management, Austin TX, March 1-3, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Paris Soil Carbon Conference. Presentation: Grassland Restoration: Grazing Down the Carbon, Chantilly, Paris, France May 3-5, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Southern Soil Health Conference. Key note presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Wichita Falls, Texas, November 28-29, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Western Canada Conference. Key note presentation: Grazing Management Research to Restore Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods, Edmonton Alberta Dec 5-7 December 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: No-till on the Great Plains Conference. Key note Presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods, Enid, Oklahoma June 6, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Joint Annual Conference of US Society of Animal Science and Canadian Society of Animal Science. Presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods, Baltimore, Maryland July 11, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Joint meeting of Royal Society (UK) and National Academy of Sciences (US). Presentation: Rangeland practices and soils for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, Chicheley, UK October 17-19, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Colorado Annual Society of Rangeland Management. Key note presentation: Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Pueblo, Colorado October 31 - November 1, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Chico State University faculty and student body address. Presentation: Grazing Management for Enhancing Soil Carbon and Ecosystem Services. Chico California November 9, 2017.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: Canadian Forage and Grassland Association Conference. Key note presentation: Restoring Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Guelph, Ontario November 14-16, 2017


Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:White House Office of Science and Technology Ranch owners & managers Research consultants Ranch scientists USDA-NRCS policy USDA-NRCS personnel Texas AgriLife Extension personnel Policy makers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research generated in this project has generated considerable interest from different US and international entities, including the White House Office of Science and Technology (OSTP) wishing to be better informed on regeneration of ecological function and sustainable management of rangeland and pasture land with particular reference to carbon sequestration to enhance the provision of ecosystem services from grazingland ecosystems. Consequently inputs have been made to work with outreach personnel to provide them with information generated by documenting the achievements of conservation award winning ranchers that they can use towards such goals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Presentation "Improving rangeland and cropland soil health with grazing" at North Dakota Grazing Land Coalition annual conference, Minot, ND. January 20th. Presentation at National Press Club Conference on follow up to Paris COP21 conference. Title of my presentation "Managing Grazing Ecosystems to Regenerate Soil Carbon and Ranch Ecosystem Services", Washington DC, March 9th. Invited to present research work to President's Chief Scientist and team. Title "Increasing Soil Carbon Using Regenerative Agriculture and Adaptive Multi-Paddock (AMP) Grazing: Overview of findings, research needs, and the 1 Million Metric Tons pilot", White House, Washington DC, April 5th. Invited participation at meeting to publish review on rangeland management to increase C sequestration, The Nature Conservancy April 27th - 28th. Presentation "Restoring Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods" GLCI conference, Tyler, Texas May 6th. Invited participant in USDA review meeting on Soil Health in agriculture, Ft. Collins July 6th -7th. Invited participant to regenerative grazing workshop and tour and give feedback on ranch management in SE Saskatchewan, Canada July 14th -18th. Presentation "Restoring Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods" Sand County Foundation annual conservation awards conference, Pacific grove, California 8th -9th August. Participated and presented at Harvard Forest Center, Harvard University, Working Landscape Seminar on Grazing and Conservation. Presentations titled "Restoring Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods" and "Increasing Soil Carbon in Grazing and Cropping Systems", Petersham, MA. 7th - 8th September. Presentation "Grazing for Grassland Restoration: Upland Management" at Blanco River workshop, Wimberley TX. October 30th. Pasture walk and discussion on Grazing for Grassland Restoration on ranch of Dr. David Hopf, Harper, TX. September 1st. Pasture walk and discussion on Grazing for Grassland Restoration, Hershey Ranch, Harper TX October 21st. Presentation "Grassland Ecosystem Function: Uplands" and field demonstration of pasture and rangeland monitoring tools and procedures at Blanco Watershed Management workshop, Wimberley, TX. October 22nd. Five venue lecture tour in Manitoba. Presentation title "Managing Grazing to Restore Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods". November 28th to December 3rd. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Get a further eight journal articles published. Existing funding will be used to continuing the activities listed above. Our research group plan to obtain grants to further the soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to other areas in the grazing agro-ecosystems through the Great Plains, mid-west and south-eastern USA. Continue soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Continued experiment to determine the management inputs needed to increase big bluestem in degraded tallgrass prairie. Continued experiments to determine the GHG emissions from soil under different grazing management on tallgrass prairie. Continued development of landscape scale field research to synthesize and examine the ecological and economic consequences of different rangeland management options in four ecoregions of US. Continued work with Dr. Srini Ale to build on recent field research to evaluate the impact of traditional and multi-paddock grazing on water catchment function in southern tallgrass prairie landscapes. Continued research on project funded by NRCS- CIG grant to include use of cover crops in wheat cropping systems and over-seeded on Bermuda grass grazing and hay systems to improve soil health and profitability in this region. Continued measurement of runoff, water quality, soil moisture, and plant growth on 9 experimental watersheds in mixed mesquite-juniper rangeland on the Y Experimental Ranch, Crowell, Texas. Continued work with Drs. Bill Grant, Mort Kothmann and Heriberto Diaz-Solis (México) to modify our Ecological Sustainability model to include soil carbon and greenhouse gas capabilities as well as have a SPATIAL capability to conduct environmental, climate change and ecological economics simulations regarding grazing management for north Texas rangeland. Continued work with Dr. Christian Davies of Shell in Houston to modify our Ecological Sustainability model to include soil carbon and greenhouse gas capabilities using the Colorado State University DAYCENT simulation model to conduct soil carbon sequestration and GHG emissions with various multi-paddock grazing management for North American rangeland.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Wang, T., W. R. Teague, and S.C. Park. 2016. Evaluation of Continuous and Multipaddock Grazing on Vegetation and Livestock Performancea Modeling Approach. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 69:457-464.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Teague, W.R., S. Apfelbaum, R. Lal, U. P. Kreuter, J. Rowntree, C. A. Davies, R. Conser, M. Rasmussen, J. Hatfield, T. Wang, F. Wang, P. Byck. The role of ruminants in reducing agricultures carbon footprint in North America. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 72:156-164.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Teague, W. R., S. L. Dowhower, and S.A. Baker. Herbaceous diversity and composition in mixed Juniperus pinchotii -Prosopis glandulosa communities in Southern Mixed-Grass Prairie. Arid Land Research and Management 30:290-303.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Teague, W. R., S. L. Dowhower, and S.A. Baker. Competition between palatable and unpalatable prairie grasses under selective and non-selective herbivory in semi-arid grassland. Arid Land Research and Management 30(3):330-343.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Solis, H. D., W. E. Grant, M. M. Kothmann, W. R. Teague, F. P. Pellat, and M. B. Gonzalez. 2016. Strategies to reducing GHG emissions in semi-arid rangelands of Mexico. Terra Latinoamericana. 34:73-81.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2016 Citation: Park, J., S. Ale, W. R. Teague, and S. L. Dowhower. 2016. Simulating hydrologic responses to alternate grazing management practices at the ranch and watershed scales. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. In Press, Accepted August 2016.


Progress 09/24/15 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:Ranch owners, Ranch managers, Research scientists, Ranch consultants, Extension personnel, USDA-NRCS policy, USDA-NRCS personnel, and Policy makers Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The research generated in this project has generated considerable interest from different US and international entities, including the US Congressional committee on management of US public rangelands, wishing to be better informed on regeneration of ecological function and sustainable management of rangeland and pasture land with particular reference to carbon sequestration. Consequently inputs have been made to work with outreach personnel to provide them with information generated by documenting the achievements of conservation award winning ranchers that they can use towards such goals. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Invited participant at State of the Soil Workshop at Paicines Ranch, San Jose, CA February 4th to 6th. Presentation to Shell Alberta "Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland Restoration" Shell Alberta Headquarters, Calgary. March 17th and 19th. Presentation "Grassland Ecosystem Function: Uplands" at Holistic Management International Grazing Management workshop, Kerr Wildlife Management Area, Kerrville, TX. March 27th and 28th. Invited participant at Soil Renaissance meeting at Noble Foundation, Ardmore, April 21st to 23rd. Presentation on "Planned Grazing to Improve Soil Health and Ranch Livelihoods" at Oregon Grazing conference and Workshop, Washington Family Ranch, Oregon. May 5th to 8th. Invited participant at Soil Renaissance Research meeting at Noble Foundation, Ardmore, June 1st to 4th. Invited participant to International Regenerative Agriculture meeting, Finca Luna Nueva farm Costa Rica, June 6th to 9th. Presentation "Grazing for Grassland Restoration: Upland Management" at Perdenales Watershed Management workshop, Fredericksburg, TX. July 16th and 17th. Invited presentation "Managing for Cows and Quail", Abilene, TX. 17th September. Presentation "Grassland Ecosystem Function: Uplands" at Perdenales Watershed Management workshop, Fredericksburg, TX. September 25th. Presentation "Restoring Uplands: The Tools to Use Management" at Perdenales Watershed Management workshop, Fredericksburg, TX. October 8th and 9th. Keynote speaker presenting "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Ecosystems, Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods" and "Using Grazing and Cover Crops to Boost Soil Health and Profits" at Grass-fed Conference, Bastrop, Texas, November 6th and 7th. Invited presentation "A Scientific Perspective on Managing Grazing Ecosystems in a Warming World", Quivira Coalition Annual conference, Albuquerque, NM. 11th to 13th November. Keynote speaker presenting "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods" at Oklahoma Farm and Ranch Conference, Oklahoma City, OK, November 14th. Invited presentation "A Scientific Perspective on Managing Grazing Ecosystems in a Warming World", Acres Conference, Pittsburg, PA 10th to 11th December. Invited presentation "What Research Shows about the Potential of Regenerative Grazing Management" and panel participation at Grazing Lands Coalition Conference, Grapevine, TX. 16th December. Invited presentation "Managing Grazing to Regenerate Ecosystems, Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods" at NRCS Employee Training Workshop, Grazing Lands Coalition Conference, Grapevine, TX. 17th December. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Get a further four journal articles published. Existing funding will be used to continuing the activities listed above. Our research group plan to obtain grants to further the soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to other areas in the grazing agro-ecosystems through the Great Plains, mid-west and south-eastern USA. Continue soil health research we have conducted in north Texas to New South Wales, Australia.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Continued experiment to determine the management inputs needed to increase big bluestem in degraded tallgrass prairie. Continued experiments to determine the GHG emissions from soil under different grazing management on tallgrass prairie. Continued development of landscape scale field research to synthesize and examine the ecological and economic consequences of different rangeland management options in four ecoregions of US. Continued work with Dr. Srini Ale to build on recent field research to evaluate the impact of traditional and multi-paddock grazing on water catchment function in southern tallgrass prairie landscapes. Continued research on project funded by NRCS- CIG grant to include use of cover crops in wheat cropping systems and over seeded on Bermuda grass grazing and hay systems to improve soil health and profitability in this region. Continued measurement of runoff, water quality, soil moisture, and plant growth on 9 experimental watersheds in mixed mesquite-juniper rangeland on the Y Experimental Ranch, Crowell, Texas. Continued NRCS-CIG funded research to study the impacts of Soil Health Management Systems on cropland and Bermuda grass pasture including residue management, cover crops, diverse crop rotation, high density grazing, and pasture over-seeding on soil microbiology composition, nutrient cycling, soil water availability and plant growth. Continued work with Drs. Bill Grant, Mort Kothmann and Heriberto Diaz-Solis (México) to modify our Ecological Sustainability model to include soil carbon and greenhouse gas capabilities as well as have a SPATIAL capability to conduct environmental, climate change and ecological economics simulations regarding grazing management for north Texas rangeland. Continued work with Dr. Christian Davies of Shell in Houston to modify our Ecological Sustainability model to include soil carbon and greenhouse gas capabilities using the CSU DAYCENT simulation model to conduct soil carbon sequestration and GHG emissions with different grazing management for North American rangeland.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, R., Toward restoration of ecosystem function and livelihoods on grazed agroecosystems. Crop Science 55:1-7.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W. R., S. L. Dowhower, and S.A. Baker. Competition between palatable and unpalatable prairie grasses under selective and non-selective herbivory in semi-arid grassland. Arid Land Research and Management
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Restoration of Grassland Ecosystem Function and Social Resilience. Chapter 10 in Proceedings of Global Soil Security Conference, College Station, Texas. Editors Alex McBratney, Christine Morgan & Andrea Koch
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Wang, T., W. R. Teague, S.C. Park and S. Bevers. GHG mitigation potential of different grazing strategies in the United States Southern Great Plains. Sustainability 7:13500-13521.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R., Steve Apfelbaum, Rattan Lal, Urs P. Kreuter, Jason Rowntree, Christian A. Davies, Russ Conser, Mark Rasmussen, Jerry Hatfield, Tong Wang, Fugui Wang, Peter Byck. The role of ruminants in reducing agricultures carbon footprint in North America. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W. R., S. L. Dowhower, and S.A. Baker. Herbaceous diversity and composition in mixed Juniperus pinchotii -Prosopis glandulosa communities in Southern Mixed-Grass Prairie. Arid Land Research and Management
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Managing Agroecosystems in a Warming World. Minnesota Wildlife Conference, Duluth, MN. February 17th to 19th.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Restoration of Grassland Ecosystem Function and Social Resilience. Global Soil Security Conference, College Station Texas. May 19th to 21st.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Managing Grazing to Regenerate Ecosystems, Soil Health and farm Livelihoods. South African No-Till Association Annual Conference, Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Sept 2nd.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Using Cover Crops and Grazing in Crop Systems to Boost Profit and Reduce Risk. South African No-Till Association Annual Conference, Bergville, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Sept 3rd.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Rethinking Research to Achieve Regeneration Goals. Savory Institute Conference, San Francisco, CA. October 2nd to 4th.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Rethinking Research to Achieve Regeneration Goals. Savory Institute Conference, Pittsburgh, PA. December 16th to 17th.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Rethinking Research to Achieve Regeneration Goals. What Research Shows about the Potential of Regenerative Grazing Management, Grazing Land Coalition conference, Grapevine, TX. December 16th.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Teague, W.R. Rethinking Research to Achieve Regeneration Goals. Managing Grazing to Regenerate Ecosystems, Soil Health and Farm Livelihoods, Grazing Land Coalition conference, NRCS grazing school, Grapevine, TX. December 17th.