Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience comprises scientists working in the field of muscle growth and differentiation as well as the broader areas of meat science, and meat animal growth and development. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided training opportunities for 1 M.S. student (Galen George), and 1 PhD student (Walid Aljarbou). Two undergraduate students (Catelyn Zuhl and Erica Nowosielski) have fulfilled experiential learning opportunities on this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been presented at the annual NC1184 meetings, the annual Poultry Science Association meetings, the Reciprocal Meat Conference, and at annual Plant and Animal Genome meetings. In addition, we have published 9 papers in the peer reviewed literature and 1 PhD dissertation. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The Michigan station has focused on the effects of thermal challenge on turkey muscle growth and development in two experimental systems: 1) turkey breast muscle satellite cells in culture; and 2) developing turkey embryo, hatchling, and market-age turkey. Satellite cells serve as progenitors of muscle cells in the latter stages of muscle development. As stem cells, they also have adipogenic potential which may result in increased fat deposition in the breast muscle of turkey hatchlings exposed to temperature extremes of heat or cold. In addition, thermal challenge may have negative consequences for muscle fiber structure and organization, all of which may lead to inferior meat quality. Cultured satellite cells from a slow-growing random-bred control line (RBC2) and from a fast-growing F line derived from selective breeding of RBC2 turkeys for only 16 week body weight were incubated over a range of temperatures from 33 - 43 degrees C. Rates of proliferation and differentiation of the cells at different temperatures were compared with that of the control temperature of 38 degrees C. Satellite cells from both lines increased linearly with increasing temperature. However, that of the growth-selected line was much more sensitive to temperature, suggesting that contemporary growth-selected birds exhibit greater consequences of temperature changes than the slow-growing birds. Growth factors myogenic differentiation factor 1 and myogenin increased in concert with increasing temperature suggesting a mechanstic basis for the increased growth. Lipid accumulation also increased with increasing temperatures, although interestingly, there was greater lipid accumulation in the slow-growing RBC2 satellite cells. Gene expression analysis indicated that changing temperatures alters several pathways including regulation of calcium homeostasis at colder temperatures. Taken together, these results indicate that during the period posthatch when satellite cells are still highly active and the poults have very immature thermoregulatory systems, thermal challenge may profoundly affect muscle development by altering satellite cell proliferation, differentiation, accumulation of lipid, and muscle structure. The cell culture studies were complemented by studies in the live bird. Newly hatched turkey poults were brooded for 3 days at one of 3 temperatures: control (35°C), cold (31°C), or hot (39°C). Samples of the pectoralis major were harvested and subjected to RNA deep sequencing. Significant differential gene expression was observed in both growth-selected and randombred birds at both temperature extremes when compared to control-brooded poults. Broadly speaking, in this study the slower growing RBC2 birds responded to thermal stress almost exclusively with changes in expression of lipid-related genes. Both temperature treatments suggested a reduction in lipid storage, transport, or synthesis, consistent with changes in energy metabolism required to maintain body temperature. In contrast, the fast-growing F-line responded to thermal stress through changes in genes (ubiquitination and gene expression modulators) that would influence the levels of other gene products downstream. The F-line showed changed in genes that are predicted to result in reduced muscle growth. The temperature differences among treatment groups in this study were only 4°C warmer or colder relative to the standard brooding temperature. Temperature extremes during transportation of hatchlings from hatchery to grow-out facilities may often be much greater, which in turn, will likely have greater effects on gene expression. In order to mitigate the effects of thermal challenge, we investigated the effects of thermal manipulation during the embryonic development on the post-hatch thermotolerance and the consequent effects on turkey muscle structure, postmortem metabolism, and meat quality. Eggs from two turkey genetic lines were exposed to pre-hatch thermal challenge of 39.5°C for 3 h/d on embryonic days 21-25. After hatching, the birds were raised under for standard commercial conditions. At age 16 weeks, one-half of the birds were exposed to a pre-market thermal challenge of 32°C for 12h/d for 3 days followed by slaughter and processing of breast muscles. Muscle samples were collected at 15 min postmortem for histological analysis to determine perimysial space and fiber diameter. Metabolite levels were measured at two postmortem timepoints: 15 min and 24 h. Moreover, samples were analyzed for meat quality parameters including pH, color, drip loss, cook loss, and marinade uptake. Interestingly, the pre-hatch treatment did not improve the thermotolerance and showed no significant difference in the fiber diameter, perimysial space, and all measured parameters of meat quality. Moreover, embryonic thermal challenge had no effect on the levels of metabolites from samples at 24 h postmortem, as well as the levels of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, glycolytic potential, and ADP at 15 min postmortem. However, the 15 min postmortem samples showed that levels of glycogen and ATP were significantly higher while the levels of IMP and AMP were significantly lower in the samples exposed to embryonic thermal manipulation compared to control when both exposed to the pre-market thermal challenge. These outcomes could be due the short time (3 h/d) of the pre-hatch thermal challenge. The embryonic thermal manipulation used in this study did not improve the thermotolerance of turkys nor did it improve the breast meat quality. In other cell culture studies, we investigated the role of death-associated protein (DAP) in skeletal muscle development. Our previous studies indicated that expression of this gene undergoes substantial changes during turkey skeletal muscle development, decreasing from the 18 day embryonic stage to 1 day posthatch, and again from 1 day posthatch to 16 weeks of age. These changes suggest that DAP plays an important role at critical stages of the developmental process. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of DAP in muscle development by examining the effect of reduced DAP expression on global gene expression in proliferating and differentiating turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cells. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down expression of DAP and the transcriptome was subsequently profiled using a turkey skeletal muscle long oligonucleotide microarray. Microarray data were corroborated using quantitative real-time PCR. In proliferating cells, 458 loci, resulting in 378 uniquely annotated genes, showed differential expression (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05). Pathway analysis highlighted altered eukaryotic translational initiation factors (eIFs) signaling, protein ubiquitination, sirtuin signaling, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling as the primary pathways affected in the knockdown proliferating cells. The findings underpinned the potential DAP involvement in cell proliferation of turkey satellite cells through the coordination between protein synthesis and cell cycle. In differentiating cells, 270 loci, accounting for 189 unique genes, showed differential expression (FDR < 0.05). Decreased expression of genes encoding various myofibrillar proteins and proteins involved in sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium flux suggests that DAP may affect regulation of calcium homeostasis and cytoskeleton signaling. This study provides the first evidence that reduced expression of DAP significantly alters the transcriptome profile of pectoralis major muscle satellite cells, thereby reducing proliferation and differentiation.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Malila Y, Uengwetwanit T, Arayamethakorn S, Srimarut Y, Thanatsang KV, Soglia F, Strasburg GM, Rungrassamee W, Visessanguan W. 2020. Transcriptional Profiles of Skeletal Muscle Associated With Increasing Severity of White Striping in Commercial Broilers. Frontiers in Physiology Jun 16;11:580. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00580. eCollection 2020.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Horton KA, Sporer KRB, Tempelman RJ, Malila Y, Reed KM, Velleman SG, Strasburg GM. 2020. Knockdown of Death-Associated Protein Expression Induces Global Transcriptome Changes in Proliferating and Differentiating Muscle Satellite Cells. Frontiers in Physiology. 2020 Aug 14;11:1036.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01036. eCollection 2020.
|
Progress 10/01/18 to 09/30/19
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience comprises scientists working in the field of muscle growth and differentiation as well as the broader areas of meat science, and meat animal growth and development. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Research on this project has been conducted by a graduate student, Mr. Walid Aljarbou, who earned his PhD at Michigan State University in 2019. In addition, an undergraduate student, Ms. Catelyn Zuhl, worked with Mr. Aljarbou as an assistant researcher. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our work have been presented at the annual meeting of the NC1184 multistate project. In addition, one manuscript was published in Poultry Science, one was published in PLoS One, and a third manuscript has been submitted to Poultry Science. One doctoral dissertation has been published. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will focus next on conducting metabolomic analysis of muscle samples characterized as pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) in comparison with those classified as normal. These studies will be conducted on the same samples for which previous transcriptomic analyses have been conducted. By overlaying the results of metabolomic analysis with those of the transcriptome, it is expected that a more complete understanding of the etiology of the PSE syndrome will be developed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of the first study was to determine whether pre-market thermal challenge results in PSE meat as a result of differential expression of PDK4. Two genetic lines of turkeys were used in this study: 1) a randombred control line 2 (RBC2) maintained without genetic selection since 1967, and 2) a commercial line. Birds were exposed to a pre-market thermal challenge of 12 h at 35°C followed by 12 h at 27°C for 5 days. Birds were slaughtered and processed according to industry standards. Pectoralis major samples were categorized into PSE or normal based on marinade uptake and cook loss indicators. In the first experiment, the relative expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and the phosphorylation state of PDH in normal and PSE turkey meat were analyzed by western blotting. In the second experiment, the same samples were used to measure metabolite levels at 5 min postmortem, comparing normal to the PSE samples. The results of the first experiment showed that PSE samples had significantly lower total PDH compared to normal meat samples. However, there was no significant difference in the degree of phosphorylation of sites 1, 2, or 3. In the second experiment, there were no significant differences in the levels of glycogen, lactate, glycolytic potential, or ATP when comparing PSE to control samples. These results suggest that reduction in PDK4 expression alone does not explain the development of PSE meat. The second study aimed at investigating absolute expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha subunit (HIF1A) and genes involved in stress responses and muscle repair using a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. Total RNA was isolated from pectoralis major collected from male 6-week-old medium (carcass weight ≤ 2.5 kg) and heavy (carcass weight > 2.5 kg) broilers. Samples were classified as "non-defective" (n = 4), "medium-WS" (n = 6), "heavy-WS" (n = 7) and "heavy-WS+WB" (n = 3) based on abnormality scores. The HIF1A transcript was up-regulated in all of the abnormal groups. Transcript abundances of genes encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4), lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA), and phosphorylase kinase beta subunit (PHKB) were increased in heavy-WS but decreased in heavy-WS+WB. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was up-regulated in non-defective samples. The muscle-specific mu-2 isoform of glutathione S-transferases (GSTM2) was up-regulated in the abnormal samples, particularly in the heavy groups. The genes encoding myogenic differentiation (MYOD1) and myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) exhibited similar expression pattern, of which medium-WS and heavy-WS significantly increased compared to non-defective whereas expression in heavy-WS+WB was not different from either non-defective or WS-affected group. The greatest and the lowest levels of calpain-3 (CAPN3) and delta-sarcoglycan (SCGD) were observed in heavy-WS and heavy-WS+WB, respectively. Based on micrographs, the abnormal muscles primarily comprised fibers with cross-sectional areas ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 μm2. Despite induced glycolysis at the transcriptional level, lower stored glycogen in the abnormal muscles corresponded with the reduced lactate and higher pH within their meats. The findings support hypoxia within the abnormal breasts, potentially associated with oversized muscle fibers. Between WS and WB, divergent glucose metabolism, cellular detoxification and myoregeneration at the transcriptional level could be anticipated.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Barnes NE, Mendoza KM, Strasburg GM, Velleman SG, Reed KM. 2019. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional profile of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poultry Science 98(1):74-91. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey401.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Malila Y, Thanatsang K, Arayamethakorn S, Uengwetwanit T, Srimarut Y, Petracci M, Strasburg GM, Rungrassamee W, Visessanguan W. 2019. Absolute expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1A) transcript and the associated genes in chicken skeletal muscle with white striping and wooden breast myopathies. PLoS One. 2019 Aug 8;14(8):e0220904. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220904.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Aljarbou W, England EM, Velleman SG, Reed KM, Strasburg GM. 2019. Phosphorylation state of pyruvate dehydrogenase and metabolite levels in turkey skeletal muscle in normal and pale, soft, exudative meats. Submitted to Poultry Science
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Aljarbou WA. 2019. Influence of thermal challenge on meat quality of turkey. Thesis Ph.D. Michigan State University. Food Science
|
Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience comprises scientists working in the field of muscle growth and differentiation as well as the broader areas of meat science, and meat animal growth and development. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Research on this project has been conducted by two graduate students: Walid Aljarbou is a doctoral student at Michigan State University, and Natalie Barnes earned her M.S. at the University of Minnesota in 2017 while working under the guidance of my collaborator, Dr. Kent Reed. Natalie's work focused on Objective 2b. In addition, an undergraduate student has been working with Mr. Aljarbou as an assistant researcher. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our work have been presented at the annual meeting of the NC1184 multistate project. In addition, one manuscript was published in Poultry Science, and one was published in Frontiers in Physiology. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Over the coming year, we will be focused primarily on molecular mechanisms of development of thermal tolerance. Eggs from turkeys from both RBC2 and F lines were subjected to pre-hatch thermal manipulation, hatching, and are being raised to 16 weeks of age. Birds will be subjected to a pre-market thermal challenge to determine whether there is improved thermal tolerance in the birds
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Climate change poses a threat to food and agricultural systems by affecting plant and animal production systems, stability of food supplies, food quality and access to food. In addition to the increase in mean temperature, there is a predicted increase in the number of days of extreme temperatures which put animals under severe stress which can dramatically affect meat quality. Turkey and chicken are valued for their low fat content, but thermal stress can increase fat deposition in the breast muscle, resulting in decreased quality attributes. In addition, the nature and timing of thermal stress affects the quality characteristics of the meat in the market age bird. Even exposure of day-old hatchlings to severe thermal challenge can result in greater fat deposition, muscle fiber disorganization, and altered growth response in the growing bird. A leading candidate for mediating the effects of heat stress is the satellite cell, which is a muscle stem cell located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of the muscle. As a stem cell and under the right conditions, satellite cells can actually differentiate only not only into muscle but alternatively into fat or bone tissue. Satellite cells are highly active immediately post-hatch but then become quiescent as the bird grows; they become activated if needed for repair of muscle tissue. The Michigan station is collaborating with the Minnesota and Ohio stations to define the effects of an acute thermal change on turkey satellite cell growth and development. Both embryonic and post-hatch heat and cold exposures will be used to isolate those times and tissue events that are most sensitive to changes in temperature. Finally, we will attempt to develop embryonic thermal manipulation approaches that make turkeys more tolerant of heat or cold stress, thereby resulting in better, more consistent meat quality. Our recent studies addressing this objective were designed to investigate changes in gene expression in the breast muscle as a function of temperature exposure of young turkey poults from a randombred turkey line representing the turkey of the 1960s, and a turkey line bred for 16-week body weight. Newly hatched turkey poults were brooded for 3 days at one of 3 temperatures: control (35°C), cold (31°C), or hot (39°C). Samples of the pectoralis major were harvested and subjected to RNA deep sequencing. Significant differential gene expression was observed in both growth-selected and randombred birds at both temperature extremes when compared to control-brooded poults. Broadly speaking, in this study the slower growing RBC2 birds responded to thermal stress almost exclusively with changes in expression of lipid-related genes. Both temperature treatments suggested a reduction in lipid storage, transport, or synthesis, consistent with changes in energy metabolism required to maintain body temperature. In contrast, the fast-growing F-line responded to thermal stress through changes in genes (ubiquitination and gene expression modulators) that would influence the levels of other gene products downstream. The F-line showed changed in genes that are predicted to result in reduced muscle growth. The temperature differences among treatment groups in this study were only 4°C warmer or colder relative to the standard brooding temperature. Temperature extremes during transportation of hatchlings from hatchery to grow-out facility may often be much greater, which in turn, will likely have greater effects on gene expression. This is the first to study to examine the effects of thermal challenge on gene expression in turkeys over the first 3 d following hatch.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Barnes, N.E., Mendoza, K.M., Strasburg, G.M., Velleman, S.G., and Reed, K.M. 2018. Thermal challenge alters the transcriptional profile of the breast muscle in turkey poults. Poultry Science pey401, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey401
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reed, K.M., Mendoza, K.M., Strasburg, G.M., Velleman, S.G. 2017. Response of Turkey Muscle Satellite Cells to Thermal Challenge. II. Transcriptome Effects in Differentiating Cells. Frontiers in Physiology, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00948
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Strasburg, G.M. 2017. Influence of Post-hatch Thermal Challenge on Turkey Breast Muscle Gene Expression. Presentation given at the annual meeting of the NC1184 USDA Multi-state Project Meeting, October 20, 2017, Gainesville,
FL
|
Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience comprises scientists working in the field of muscle growth and differentiation as well as the broader areas of meat science, and meat animal growth and development. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project supported two graduate students: Galen George, who graduated with his M.S. in Food Science from Michigan State University in December 2016, and Natalie Barnes who is working on an M.S. at the University of Minnesota under the guidance of my collaborator, Dr. Kent Reed. In addition, Dr. Kristelle Mendoza has been working on this project at the University of Minnesota. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our work have been presented at the Plant and Animal Genome meeting and at the NC1170 USDA Multistate meeting. In addition, one manuscript was published in Poultry Science, one was published in BMC Genomics, and one has been submitted. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Together with the Minnesota and Ohio groups, we will continue analysis of RNA-Seq data to analyze changes in gene expression in birds subjected to posthatch thermal challenge. We will also be testing the effects of prehatch thermal challenge of developing embroyos on muscle growth and development of thermotolerance.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The overall goal of this multi-state, multidisciplinary, basic research project is to elucidate the molecular and cellular processes that control skeletal muscle growth and function, thereby providing opportunities to increase the efficiency of lean meat production in animals. Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems by affecting plant and animal production systems, stability of food supplies, food quality and access to food. In addition to the increase in mean temperature, there is a predicted increase in the frequency of extreme temperatures. Such volatile temperatures put animals at increased risk of thermal stress which can dramatically affect the quality of poultry muscle as a food. Turkey and chicken are valued for their low fat content; however, thermal stress can increase fat deposition in the breast muscle, resulting in decreased quality attributes. In addition, the nature and timing of thermal stress affects the quality characteristics of the meat in the market age bird. Exposure of day-old hatchlings to severe thermal challenge can result in greater fat deposition, muscle fiber disorganization, and altered growth response in the growing bird. A leading candidate for mediating the effects of heat stress is the satellite cell, which is a muscle stem cell located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of the muscle. As a stem cell, satellite cells can transdifferentiate not only into muscle but also fat or bone tissue. Satellite cells are highly active immediately post-hatch but then become quiescent as the bird grows; they become activated if needed for repair of muscle tissue. The Michigan station is collaborating with the Minnesota and Ohio stations to define the effects of an acute thermal change on turkey satellite cell growth and development. Both in ovo and post-hatch thermal challenges will be used to isolate those times and tissue events most sensitive to increases in temperature. Finally, these investigators will attempt to develop embryonic thermal manipulation approaches to mitigate the damaging effects of post-hatch thermal challenges on long-term muscle growth and development in turkeys. Isolated skeletal muscle satellite cells of 7 wk old male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were differentiated in culture at 38° C or thermally challenged at 33° C or 43° C. Included in this experiment were cells from two breeding lines; the F-line (16 wk body weight-selected) and RBC2 (it's randombred control). After for 48 h of differentiation, cells were harvested and total RNA was isolated for RNAseq analysis. Analysis of 39.9 Gb of sequence found 89% mapped to the turkey genome (UMD5.0, annotation 101) with average expression of 18917 genes per library. In the cultured satellite cells, slow/cardiac muscle isoforms are generally present in greater abundance than fast skeletal isoforms. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines, with a greater number of genes affected in the F-line cells following cold treatment whereas more DE genes were observed in the RBC2 cells following heat treatment. Many of the most significant pathways involved signaling, consistent with ongoing cellular differentiation. Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis appears to be significantly affected by temperature treatment, particularly cold treatment. Satellite cell differentiation is directly influenced by temperature at the level of gene transcription with greater effects attributed to selection for fast growth. At lower temperature, muscle-associated genes in the satellite cells were among the genes with the greatest down regulation consistent with slower differentiation and smaller myotubes. Fewer expression differences were observed in the differentiating cells than previously observed for proliferating cells. This suggests the impact of temperature on satellite cells occurs primarily at early points in satellite cell activation. Exposure of newly hatched turkey poults to hot or cold thermal stress often results in detrimental effects on breast muscle growth and development. Typical changes include increased lipid deposition and damage to muscle ultrastructure, leading to inferior meat quality with consequent economic losses to producers and processors. Likewise, exposure of market-weight turkeys to acute heat stress immediately prior to harvest, frequently results in a high incidence of inferior meat quality characterized by pale color, reduced marinade uptake and water-holding capacity, and poor protein functionality. Thermal manipulation of embryonic development has met with some success as a strategy to improve thermotolerance of broilers. We hypothesized that exposure of turkey eggs to a mild heat challenge at a critical developmental stage would alter muscle growth and development, thereby setting the stage for improved thermotolerance of the growing bird. Eggs from RBC2 (slow-growing) and F (fast-growing) turkey lines were exposed to a control temperature of 38C throughout 28 days of incubation or 12h of 39.5C between days 21-25. Following hatch, birds were brooded at temperatures of 31C, 35C (control), or 39C for 3d, followed by brooding at 35C until 14d of age when the birds were sacrificed. Breast muscle (P. major) was collected for analyses including muscle weight and fiber diameter. Results from this preliminary study suggest that mild thermal manipulation of turkey eggs results in changes in myogenesis, muscle growth, and development that may be associated with altered thermotolerance in the growing bird.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Strasburg, G.M. 2016. Influence of thermal challenge on turkey meat quality. Oral presentation at the NC1184 USDA Annual Multistate Project Meeting. October 21, 2016, Manhattan, Kansas
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Clark, D,L,; Strasburg, G,M,; Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Influence of temperature and growth selection on turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cell adipogenic gene expression and lipid accumulation. Poultry Science 96:1015-1027.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reed, K.M.; Mendoza, K.M.; Abrahante, J.E.; Barnes, N.E.; Velleman, S.G., Strasburg, G.M. 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells. BMC Genomics 18(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Barnes, N.E.; Strasburg, G.M.; Velleman, S.G.; Reed, K.M. 2017. Transcriptional Response to Thermal Stress in Turkey Muscle. Poster 1134. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, January 14 18, 2017. San Diego, CA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G.; Strasburg, G.M. 2017 Temperature effects on differential gene expression in turkey satellite cells during proliferation and differentiation. Presentation W765, Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, January 14 18, 2017. San Diego, CA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Strasburg, G.M.; Clark, D.L.; George, G.; Reed, K.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Effect of embryonic and post-hatch thermal challenge on turkey muscle development. Presentation W766, Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, January 14 18, 2017. San Diego, CA
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Reed, K.M.; Mendoza, K.M.; Strasburg, G.M.; Velleman, S.G. 2017. Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. II. Transcriptome effects in differentiating cells. Submitted to Frontiers in Avian Physiology
|
Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience comprises scientists working in the field of muscle growth and differentiation as well as the broader areas of meat science, and meat animal growth and development. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has supported two graduate students: Galen George, who is working on his MS in Food Science at MSU and Natalie Barnes who is work on a MS at the University of Minnesota under the guidance of my collaborator Dr. Kent Reed. In addition, Dr. Kristelle Mendoza at the University of Minnesota has been working in support of this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our work have been presented at the Plant and Animal Genome meeting, the Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting and the Reciprocal Meat Conference of the American Meat Science Association. In addition, one manuscript was published in Poultry Science, and two more have been submitted. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Together with the Minnesota and Ohio groups, we will be using RNA-Seq to analyze differentially genes expressed in differentiating satellite cells in response to thermal challenge. In addition, breast muscle from turkey hatchlings (RBC2 and F line) which had been thermally challenged for 3 days post-hatch is being analyzed for differentially expressed genes. Results from muscle tissue will be compared and contrasted with that of the satellite cell cultures.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The overall goal of this multi-state, multidisciplinary, basic research project is to elucidate the molecular and cellular processes that control skeletal muscle growth and function, thereby providing opportunities to increase the efficiency of lean meat production in animals. Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems by affecting plant and animal production systems, stability of food supplies, food quality and access to food. In addition to the increase in mean temperature, there is a predicted increase in the frequency of extreme temperatures. Such volatile temperatures put animals at increased risk of thermal stress which can dramatically affect the quality of poultry muscle as a food. Turkey and chicken are valued for their low fat content; however, thermal stress can increase fat deposition in the breast muscle, resulting in decreased quality attributes. In addition, the nature and timing of thermal stress affects the quality characteristics of the meat in the market age bird. Exposure of day-old hatchlings to severe thermal challenge can result in greater fat deposition, muscle fiber disorganization, and altered growth response in the growing bird. A leading candidate for mediating the effects of heat stress is the satellite cell, which is a muscle stem cell located between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of the muscle. As a stem cell, satellite cells can transdifferentiate not only into muscle but also fat or bone tissue. Satellite cells are highly active immediately post-hatch but then become quiescent as the bird grows; they become activated if needed for repair of muscle tissue. The Michigan station is collaborating with the Minnesota and Ohio stations to define the effects of an acute thermal change on turkey satellite cell growth and development. Both in ovo and post-hatch thermal challenges will be used to isolate those times and tissue events most sensitive to increases in temperature. Finally, these investigators will attempt to develop embryonic thermal manipulation approaches to mitigate the damaging effects of post-hatch thermal challenges on long-term muscle growth and development in turkeys. During the past year, the Michigan, Ohio and Minnesota stations have been using RNA deep sequencing methods to identify changes in gene expression of proliferating and differentiating satellite cells isolated from breast muscle of two different turkey lines: a slow-growing line (RBC2) representative of the turkey of the 1960s, and a fast-growing line (F line) which has been selected from the RBC2 line only for 16-week body mass. Satellite cells from both lines were exposed in culture to temperatures of 33C or 43C and compared with cells grown at physiological temperature of 38C. RNA was isolated from each treatment, libraries were prepared, and samples were multiplexed, pooled, and sequenced using the Illumina platform, and subsequently analyzed for differential expression. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered by cold treatment than by hot and fewer differences observed between lines than between temperatures. Pathway analysis found that cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication/cell signaling as compared to control (38°C). Heat-treated cells showed greater tendency towards expression of genes related to muscle system development and differentiation. Results from this study demonstrate that genetic selection for 16wk body weight (muscle mass) has altered gene expression in satellite cells. The response of the satellite cells in culture to thermal challenge suggest pathways that may be affected in muscle tissue in the turkey hatchling.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Fields B, Strasburg GM, Brackenridge A, Howard S, Hueser, K. 2016. All Species Are Getting Bigger - How Do We Handle and Is the Trend Here to Stay? Oral Presentation at the Reciprocal Meat Conference, San Angelo, TX June 21, 2016
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Strasburg GM, Clark DL, Coy CS, Velleman SG, George G, and Reed KM. 2016. Effects of Thermal Challenge on Turkey
Muscle Development and Meat Quality. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting Abstracts, W762. Available from: https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxiv/webprogram/Paper18995.html
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Reed KM, Mendoza KM, Coy CS, Strasburg GM, and Velleman SG 2016. Temperature Effects on Gene Expression in Turkey Satellite Cells. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting Abstracts, W779. Available from: https://pag.confex.com/pag/xxiv/webprogram/Paper18923.html
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Clark DL, Coy CS, Strasburg GM, Reed KM, Velleman SG. 2016. Temperature effect on proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells from turkeys with different growth rates. Poultry Science 95:934-47.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Clark DL, Strasburg GM, Reed KM, Velleman SG. 2016. Effects of temperature and growth selection on adipogenic potential of turkey pectoralis major muscle satellite cells. Book of Abstracts, 105th Annual Meeting Poultry Science Association. Poultry Science 95: (E-Suppl. 1), Abstract 189.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Strasburg G.M. Effects of Thermal Challenge on Turkey Muscle Development and Meat Quality. Oral Presentation at the Reciprocal Meat Conference, San Angelo, TX June 21, 2016
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