NUTRITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL FEEDSTUFFS FOR SWINE DIETS IN HAWAII

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: TERMINATED
• Funding Source: HATCH
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1002796
• Project No.: HAW02030-H
• Project Start Date: Oct 1, 2014
• Project End Date: Sep 30, 2019

Project Director
Jha, RA.

Recipient Organization
UNIV OF HAWAII
3190 MAILE WAY
HONOLULU,HI 96822

Performing Department
Human Nutrition, Food & Animal Sciences

Non Technical Summary
Pigs are an important part of Hawaii and Pacific Island culture. Uses of alternative feedstuffs have a significant potential to expand the swine industry, and enhance environmental and economic sustainability, in Hawaii and other Pacific Islands. Hawaiian agricultural products such as taro root, sweet potatoes, banana, cassava, papaya and by-products from other local agricultural activities such as wheat millrun, macadamia nut cake, molasses, sugar cane leaves, and anticipated bio-fuel by-products could together provide the basis for producing more affordable locally-manufactured feeds. However, there is very limited or no information on the nutritional values of those potential feedstuffs available locally, which limits their use in routine swine feed formulation. Moreover, environmental sustainability is a major concern of the local pork industry due to the geographical settings of Hawaii and pacific Islands. Thus, detailed information on the availability and nutritional value of these potential local feedstuffs is needed before considering them for sustainable swine nutrition planning in Hawaii.

Animal Health Component

0%

Research Effort Categories

Basic

0%

Applied

100%

Developmental

0%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
302	3510	1010	100%

Knowledge Area
302 - Nutrient Utilization in Animals;

Subject Of Investigation
3510 - Swine, live animal;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;

Keywords

feedstuffs

feed evaluation

digestibility

fermentability

swine

Goals / Objectives
The major goal of the project is to develop swine nutrition programs using local feedstuffs, thus reducing the cost of swine production, environmental impact and enhancing the sustainability of the swine industry in Hawaii.

Project Methods
Identification of the potential local feedstuffs, both agricultural products and by-products from different agricultural activities will be done using participatory approach by interaction with researchers, farmers, swine industry and other stakeholders. Feedstuffs will be selected based on their potential of availability and sustainability. Selected feedstuffs will be characterized for their nutritional content. The digestibility of selected feedstuffs will be estimated using 2-steps and 3-steps in vitro enzymatic assays. The feedstuffs with potential fermentable fivers will be evaluated for their fermentability using in vitro cumulative gas production techniques, simulating large intestine of the pigs.Feeding program will be developed using the information generated on nutritional characteristics, in vitro digestibility and fermentability of the feedstuffs evaluated. A three months feeding trial with pigs will be conducted using selected feedstuffs at three private swine farms of Hawaiian Islands in "as-is farm condition". Individual farmer's existing feeding system will be used as control. Information on feeds and feedings and growth performance data will be recorded and compared. It will provide basic information on the effect of alternative feedstuffs on the growth performance of pigs.The cost of the manufactured local feeds will be determined based on the purchase price of feedstuffs and other associated costs during feed manufacturing. The growth performance, in relation to the feed intake, will be calculated and production cost will be calculated and presented as cost per unit pork production. The pork production cost using local feedstuffs will be compared with commercial feedstuffs used in similar pig raising condition.A simple model will be developed for the environmental assessment using estimated quantity of by-products used in swine feeds and total quantity of by-products going to the landfill site annually.The outcome of the study will be shared with stakeholders by publications, website and organizing meeting/seminars which will promote use of local feedstuffs in swine feeding program.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/19

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? A peer-reviewed paper was published and shared with the scientific community. Database of nutrient profile is updated in the lab website, which is available to swine farmers and industry. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Nutritional composition of 4 more alternative feedstuffs were developed and added in the local database.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Tiwari, U.P., Singh, A.K., and Jha, R. 2019. Fermentation characteristics of resistant starch, arabinoxylan, and beta-glucan and their effects on the gut microbial ecology of pigs: A review. Animal Nutrition, 5:217-226.

Progress 10/01/17 to 09/30/18

Outputs
Target Audience:Meetings/workshops with farmers were conducted on different islands of Hawaii. The workshops primarily focused on "Nutritional value of alternative feedstuffs and their utilization in swine feeding", and "Swine health and management conditions in Hawaii". During this period, PI, Co-PI and/or Graduate students of the project participated in local (30th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium April 6-7, 2018, Honolulu, HI) and national (ASAS/CSAS Annual Meeting and Trade Show July 8-12, 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada). During the conferences, three poster presentations were made and side meetings with professional colleagues were held to share outcomes of the project. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The project provided training to a MS student in the field of Animal Nutrition. The project is providing training to a PhD student in the field of Animal Nutrition. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Three poster presentations were made in the ASAS/CSAS Annual Meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2018), Vancouver, BC, Canada. Two oral presentations were made in the 30th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium (April 6-7, 2017), Honolulu, HI, USA. Findings were shared with farmers and stakeholders of Hawaiian Island in the annual meeting of Hawaii Pork Industry Association Annual Meeting in Halawa, HI (May 5, 2018). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Evaluate at least four more local feedstuffs for their nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility in swine. Develop swine feeding program using the information generated on nutritional characteristics, in vitro digestibility and fermentability of the feedstuffs evaluated.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility and fermentability of some local feedstuffs in swine was determined and added in the local feed ingredient database.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Castle, B.A., Odani, J., Jha, R., Ogasawara, N., and Zaleski, H.M. 2018. Survey of disease management and biosecurity practices of Hawaii swine farmers. (abstract # 473800). Proceedings of the ASAS/CSAS Annual Meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2018), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tiwari, U.P., Kerr, B., and Jha, R. 2018. Nutrient and amino acids digestibility of animal protein byproduct in swine, determined using an in vitro model. (abstract # 468383). Proceedings of the ASAS/CSAS Annual Meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2018), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. 2018. Fermentation characteristics of xylo- and manno-oligosaccharides and soluble and insoluble arabinoxylan studied using an in vitro model of swine. (abstract # 474547). Proceedings of the ASAS/CSAS Annual Meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2018), Vancouver, BC, Canada.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2018 Citation: Castle, B.A., Odani, J., Jha, R., Ogasawara, N., and Zaleski, H.M. 2018. Survey of Disease, management and biosecurity practices of Hawai⿿i swine farmers. (in preparation)
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. 2018. Characterization of alternative feedstuffs and enhancing their utilization in pigs. A Dissertation for the degree of PhD in Nutrition. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2018 Citation: Castle, B.A. 2018. Survey of swine disease, management and biosecurity practices of Hawaii swine farms. A Thesis for the degree of MS in Animal Science. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI.

Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17

Outputs
Target Audience:A workshop with swine farmers on the Big Island of Hawaii was conducted. The workshops primarily focused on "Nutritional value of alternative feedstuffs and their utilization in swine feeding". *During this period, PI and/or Graduate student of the project participated in local (29th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium April 7-8, 2017, Honolulu, HI) and national (ASAS/CSAS Annual meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2017), Baltimore, MD, USA). During the conferences, an oralpresentation was made and side meetings with professionals/colleagues were held to share outcomes of the project. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?*The project provided training to a MS student in the field of Animal Nutrition. *The project is providing training to a PhD student in the field of Animal Nutrition. *The project partly trained two undergraduate students in the field of Animal Nutrition. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?*An oral presentation was made in the ASAS/CSAS Annual meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2017), Baltimore, MD, USA. *One oral and one poster presentation were made in the 29th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium (April 7-8, 2017), Honolulu, HI, USA. *A meeting/workshop with farmers and stakeholders of Hawaiian Islands was held to share the findings of the project and how to utilize the generated information in swine feeding program. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?*Evaluate at least four more local feedstuffs for their nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility in swine. *Develop swine feeding program using the information generated on nutritional characteristics, in vitro digestibility and fermentability of the feedstuffs evaluated.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility and fermentability of some local feedstuffs in swine was determined and added in the local feed ingredient database.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: U.P. Tiwari and R. Jha. 2017. Supplementation of xylanase and mannanase influences in vitro fermentation characteristics of distiller's dried grain with solubles in the large intestine of swine. Journal of Animal Science, 95 (Suppl. 4):196
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: U.P. Tiwari and R. Jha. 2017. Nutrients, amino acid, fatty acid and non-starch polysaccharide profile and in vitro digestibility of macadamia nut cake in swine. Animal Science Journal, 88(8):1093-1099.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Jha. 2017. Supplementation of xylanase and mannanase influences in vitro fermentation characteristics of distiller's dried grain with solubles in the large intestine of swine. (Oral Presentation) ASAS/CSAS Annual meeting and Trade Show (July 8-12, 2017), Baltimore, MD, USA.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2017 Citation: R. Jha. 2017. Evaluation of feedstuffs and feed additives for their effects on growth performance and gut health of monogastric animals. (Oral Presentation) Konkuk University (Apr 1, 2017), Seoul, South Korea.

Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16

Outputs
Target Audience:*Two workshops with swine farmer in different Islands of Hawaii were conducted. The workshops primarily focused on "Nutritional value of alternative feedstuffs and their utilization in swine feeding". *During this period, PI and/or Graduate student of the project participated in local (28th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium April 8-9, 2016, Honolulu, HI) and national (ASAS/ADSA/CSAS/WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 19-23, 2016), Salt Lake City, UT, USA). During the conferences, both oral and poster presentations were made and side meetings with professionals colleagues were held to share outcomes of the project. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?*The project is providing training to a MS student in the field of Animal Nutrition. *The project is providing training to a PhD student in the field of Animal Nutrition. *The project partly trained two undergraduate students in the field of Animal Nutrition. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?*One oral and one poster presentations were made in the ASAS/ADSA/CSAS/WSASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 19-23, 2016), Salt Lake City, UT, USA. *An oral and two poster presentations were made in the 28th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium (April 8-9, 2016), Honolulu, HI, USA. *Two meetings/workshops with farmers and stakeholders of Hawaiian Islands were held to share the findings of the project and how to utilize the generated information in swine feeding program. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?*Evaluate at least four more local feedstuffs for their nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility in swine. *Develop swine feeding program using the information generated on nutritional characteristics, in vitro digestibility and fermentability of the feedstuffs evaluated.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? *Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility of some local feedstuffs in swine was determined and added in the local feed ingredient database.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tiwari, U.P., Mattus, M., Neupane, K., and Jha, R. (2016). In vitro fermentation characteristics of agricultural products and coproducts and its effect on the large intestinal microbiota of swine. Journal of Animal Science, 94 (Suppl. 5):211
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. (2016). Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility of cassava silages in swine. Journal of Animal Science, 94 (Suppl. 5):467
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. (2016). Nutrient profile and digestibility of tubers and agro-industrial coproducts determined using an in vitro model of swine. Animal Nutrition (doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.07.004)
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2016 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. (2016). Nutrients, amino acid, fatty acid and non-starch polysaccharide profile and in vitro digestibility of macadamia nut cake in swine. Animal Science Journal. doi:10.1111/asj.12750.

Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15

Outputs
Target Audience:*Several workshops with swine farmer in different Islands of Hawaii were conducted. The workshops primarily focused on "Nutritional value of alternative feedstuffs and their utilization in swine feeding". *During this period, PI and/or Graduate student of the project participated in local (27th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium April 10-11, 2015, Honolulu, HI and UH JABSOM Biomedical Symposium April 16-17, 2015, Honolulu, HI), national (ASAS/ADSA Joint Annual Meeting, July 12-16, 2015, Orlando, FL) and international (International Seminar on Animal Industry, Sept 17-18, 2015, Bogor, Indonesia) conferences. During the conferences, both oral and poster presentations were made and side meetings with professionals colleagues were held to share outcomes of the project. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?*The project trained a MS student in the field of Animal Nutrition. *The project partly trained two undergraduate students in the field of Animal Nutrition. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?*An oral presentation was made in the International Seminar on Animal Industry (Sept 17-18, 2015) Bogor, Indonesia. *Two oral presentations were made in the ASAS/ADSA Joint Annual Meeting (July 12-16, 2015), Orlando, FL. *An oral and two poster presentations were made in the 27th Annual CTAHR/COE Student Research Symposium (April 10-11, 2015), Honolulu, HI. *A poster presentation was made in the UH JABSOM Biomedical Symposium (April 16-17, 2015), Honolulu, HI. *Four meetings/workshops with farmers and stakeholders of Hawaiian Islands were held to share the findings of the project and how to utilize the generated information in swine feeding program. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?*Evaluate at least four more local feedstuffs for their nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility in swine. *Develop swine feeding program using the information generated on nutritional characteristics, in vitro digestibility and fermentability of the feedstuffs evaluated.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? *Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility of some local feedstuffs in swine was determined and added in the local feed ingredient database.

Publications

• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. (2015) Nutrient profile and digestibility of macadamia nut cake as determined using an in vitro model of swine. Journal of Animal Science, 93 (Suppl. 3):592
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tiwari, U.P., Zaleski, H.M., and Jha, R. (2015) Nutrient profile and digestibility of agro-industrial coproducts as determined using an in vitro model of swine. Journal of Animal Science, 93 (Suppl. 3):591
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. and Jha, R. (2015) Nutrient profile and in vitro digestibility of fresh and ensiled cassava in swine. Proceeding of the 3rd International Seminar on Animal Industry (Sept 17-18, 2015), Bogor, Indonesia. pp. 252-253.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Jha, R. and Berrocoso, J.D. (2015) Review: Dietary fiber utilization and its effects on physiological functions and gut health of swine. ANIMAL, 9:1441-1452.
• Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2015 Citation: Tiwari, U.P. (2015) Nutritional value of local feedstuffs for swine in Hawaii. MS Thesis. University of Hawaii at Manoa.