Progress 11/12/13 to 11/11/18
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is landowners, forestry specialists in private business and government positions, small-scale and limited-resource farmers, students, scientists, and the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three graduate students conducted research efforts toward projects for the Master of Science in Environmental Studies degree. Staff and students attended and made presentations at the Kentucky Academy of Science (KAS) Meeting, Kentucky Association of Mapping Professionals (KAMP, the southern Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (S-URISA) Annual Meeting, and the Annual Shaping Our Appalachian Region (SOAR) Meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project research findings were disseminated to scientists and the public at Third Thursday Sustainable Agriculture Workshop meetings, KAS, KAMP, S-URISA, and SOAR meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Graduate students conducted research using a geospatial approach to examine land use change in forested and agricultural lands in Kentucky. A research study examined habitat attributes of three non-invasive, native plant species, Asimina triloba (pawpaw), Diospyros virginiana (American persimmon), and Lindera benzoin (spicebush) and two non-native, invasive plants, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) and (L. japonica) Japanese honeysuckle. Habitat attribute evaluation included distance to streams, canopy height, canopy density, elevation, aspect, and slope. A field study, geographic information system (GIS) analysis, and statistical analyses were used to explore these habitat attributes and patterns of their relationships. After collecting Global Positioning System (GPS) data on plant species, a statistical analysis was performed and an index with similarity search tool for analyzing similarity of habitats to find the invading potential of species was created. Habitat attribute analysis suggested Lonicera maackii and L. japonica tend to co-occur, Asimina triloba and Lindera benzoin have similar habitats, and Diospyros virginiana showed mixed results with habitat similarity to both native and invasive species. Lonicera maackii has the highest potential as an invading species among all species evaluated whereas Asimina triloba has the lowest potential as an invading species. Habitat preferences were not similar between some species (Diospyros virginiana - Asimina triloba, Diospyros virginiana- Lindera benzoin). Asimina triloba was susceptible to invasion by Lonicera maackii even though not many Lonicera maackii were located around Asimina triloba patches at the time of this study. This potential invasion can be attributed to Lonicera maackii and Japanese honeysuckle having a wide range of habitat preferences. Remote sensing was also used to distinguish bush honeysuckle from other species of vegetation within forested areas, such as the Bernheim Research Forest in Clermont, KY. Research was conducted examining Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) impact at the Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest and KSU's Environmental Education and Research Center in Pleasureville, KY. This project used drones (unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs) to detect EAB canopy gaps to determine how useful drones were in detecting these gaps. Drones used in the project included a DJI Inspire I equipped with a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference red edge (NDRE) sensor and DJI Matrice 200 equipped with a high-resolution red-green-blue camera (RGB) (Zenmuse X5S). The high-resolution drone images were analyzed individually and through a stitched map of each study area. EAB canopy gaps were easily identified using both single images and the stitched maps. The RGB and NDVI data were both effective in terms of detecting canopy gaps and dead standing ash trees. Invasive species can be found in EAB canopy gaps due to the disturbance caused by tree mortality, but invasive species are more likely to be found in higher numbers in areas that have overall higher disturbance. A graduate student completed his data analysis and geospatial characterization research project and defended a thesis entitled: Vegetation cover change and water quality assessment in coal mine impacted watersheds in Eastern Kentucky. NDVI maps were created and a composite vegetation cover change map developed that shows locations of mined areas, reclamation age, and vegetation type. Water quality parameters were measured in streams at watershed exit points in response to land cover change variables (reclamation age, mining percentage, reclaimed forest percentage, and reclaimed woods percentage). Results suggest that the quantity (area as percentage) of reclaimed forests may be a predictor of mining percentage and reclamation age. Overall, this research suggested that conductivity is a predictable water quality indicator that is highly associated with coal mine-related water quality where agriculture and urban areas are limited. Furthermore, an assessment of vegetation cover change may provide insight into reclamation success in terms of restoring deforested areas. These findings may help the scientific community and regulating agencies to improve their understanding of water quality characteristics in coal mine-affected watersheds as well as refining land reclamation practices and monitoring regulations. In 2018, unique American persimmon populations were examined to give insight on the potential to grow seedless fruit in forests or in orchard settings. There are two races of persimmon in North America, a 60 chromosome race and a 90 chromosome race, and their ranges overlap in Kentucky. Pollen from a different race may cause sexual incompatibility, resulting in production of seedless fruits. A study was conducted to assess fruit selflessness in American persimmon trees in areas of Kentucky where 60 and 90 chromosome races trees coexist. All trees in this study were located in the Bernheim Arboretum Experimental Forest, in Bullitt County, Kentucky. Flow cytometer analysis of leaf samples showed that persimmon trees in this area were from both the 60 and 90 chromosome races. At least 10 fruit were collected from 7 native persimmon trees. Average fruit weight ranged between 6.3 g to 19.3 g on trees with an average fruit weight of 12.2 g across all trees sampled. Average number of seeds per fruit ranged between 1.7 to 5.5 seeds per fruit on trees sampled; the average number of seed per fruit was 3.9 across all trees sampled. Only two of 70 fruit sampled were seedless. Apparently, although pollen from native trees may result in seedless fruit formation in Kentucky and native seedlings, pollen from nearby trees with the same ploidy level is usually sufficient for seed formation in fruit.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Pomper K; Lowe J; Crabtree S; England C; Raemakers K. 2018. A Comparison of Ploidy Level of Claypool Selected American Persimmon Germplasm to Currently Available Commercial Cultivars. American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference, Washington, DC. HortScience 53(9 Supplement):S276.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Sariyildiz O; Sandifer J.; Gyawali B. 2018. Creating A Digital Surface Model (DSM) with Python for the Entire Kentucky. Kentucky Association of Mapping Professionals (KAMP) Annual Conference, Bowling Green, October 23-24, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Sariyildiz O; Gyawali B. 2018. Research and Extension Activities of Kentucky State University in Eastern Kentucky for Life Quality Improvement. Annual Shaping Our Appalachian Region Meeting, Pikeville, KY, August 31, 2018.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Sariyildiz O. 2018. Geospatial Characterization of invasive and native plants for agroforestry. S-URISA Annual Meeting, Richmond, KY, Jan. 12, 2018.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2018
Citation:
Sariyildiz O. 2018. Vegetation cover change and water quality assessment in coal mine impacted watersheds in Eastern Kentucky. Master of Science in Environmental Studies thesis.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Gyawali B; Sariyildiz O; Pomper K; Cristan R. 2019. Geospatial Habitat Characterization of Lonicera maackii, Lonicera japonica, and Native Plants in the Understory of a Northcentral Kentucky Forest. Torrey Botanical Society.
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Progress 10/01/16 to 09/30/17
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is landowners, forestry specialists in private business and government positions, small-scale and limited-resource farmers, students, scientists, and the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students conducted research efforts toward projects for the Masters of Science in Environmental Studies degree. Staff and students attended the Kentucky Academy of Science Meeting and the American Society for Horticultural Science Meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Project research findings were disseminated at the American Society for Horticultural Science Meetings, Third Thursday Sustainable Workshop series September meeting, and at the Kentucky Academy of Science Meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?American persimmon populations will be identified in the Bernheim Research Forest, other state and county forests and parks, and locally available cultivars; flow cytometry and ploidy analysis conducted. Manuscripts concerning the American persimmon ploidy research and biochar analysis will be written. A new McIntire-Stennis proposal will be developed and submitted.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For Objective 1, an undergraduate student made a presentation on the use of satellite remote sensing to distinguish bush honeysuckle from other species of vegetation within the Bernheim Research Forest boundaries by exploiting the known unique spectral signatures of each species. Field spectro-radiometer measurements were taken of the various species to aid the multi-spectral image classification of Landsat (30 m), National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP; 1 m), and aerial (5-30 cm) data revealing the spatial extent of bush honeysuckle, primarily along fences, tree lines, and disturbed areas. Results suggested that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) could be the most useful derivative for distinguishing bush honeysuckle from other species. A graduate student also presented data that examined bush honeysuckle identification at the Bernheim Research Forest using a drone with image analysis on red, green, and blue (RGB) light bands. Band classification results were unable to demonstrate a difference between native tree species and invasive species. Although Japanese honeysuckle showed a small difference in spectral properties, Bradford pear and bush honeysuckle had similar properties. For Objective 2, leaf samples were collected from 20 native persimmon trees located in the Bernheim Arboretum Experimental Forest, in Bullitt County, Kentucky; five native persimmon trees in Franklin County, Kentucky; and from the persimmon varieties 'Prairie Sun', 'Prairie Star', 'Mohler', 'Early Golden', 'Garretson', 'Meader', '100-46', and a male persimmon tree located at the Kentucky State University Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm, in Franklin County, Kentucky. Flow cytometer analysis of these leaf samples showed that all seven varieties and the male persimmon located at the KSU Research Farm were from the 90 chromosome race. All trees sampled from Franklin County were from the 60 chromosome race. For the trees sampled in the Bernheim Research Forest, six trees were from the 60 chromosome race and 14 trees were from the 90 chromosome race. Pollen from native trees could result in seedless fruit formation in Kentucky and native seedlings could be examined for use as pollenizers in commercial production of American persimmon. For Objectives 3 and 4, a graduate student conducted research that examined the potential of bush honeysuckle, pawpaw, white ash, and waste wood from pallets as feedstock in a gasifier, which was used to fuel a generator for electricity production. The student then identified tree species that produce high quality biochars by examining commonly found trees species in Kentucky: bush honeysuckle, hackberry, eastern red cedar, North American pawpaw, and princess tree. The pawpaw, with 85% C, had low decomposable tar levels and would be safe to use in any soil with sufficient carbon. The other biochars would require an estimate of the new C/N ratio for the soil. Ca was the highest in hackberry and honeysuckle at 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively. With very high values of EC (1.4 and 1.6 mmho/cm), these biochars should be sources of calcium. The pH was high in all biochars (average pH 9.1). Moreover, Ca levels were also high in honeysuckle, hackberry, and pawpaw biochars, so they could be used to reduce soil acidity. All heavy metal concentrations were low. Honeysuckle and hackberry biochar had the highest level of Cd at 0.4 mg/kg; this was lower than the International Biochar Initiative Standard limit of 1.4 mg/kg. Future research should focus on biochar nutrient availability to plants, the effect of biochar amendment on the ability of soil to retain water, the impact on microbial diversity around plant roots, and to test the biochar produced from some of these species as a soil amendment on crop yield and their nutrient levels.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Edgar, B., 2017. The Potential of Biochar Production for Agricultural Purposes from Kentucky Woody Plant Species. Kentucky State University, Masters of Science in Environmental Studies Program Thesis.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Sariyildiz, O., Gyawali, B., & Sandifer, J. 2016. Assessment of Invasive Species in Forest Areas. Oral presentation. Kentucky Academic of Science Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, November 4-5, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Garrison, D., Gyawali, B., & Sandifer, J. 2016. Detecting Honeysuckle Under Canopy in Forest Areas. Kentucky Academic of Science Annual Conference, Louisville, Kentucky, November 4-5, 2016.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2017
Citation:
Pomper, K., J. Vincent, J. Lowe., S. B. Crabtree. 2017. Ploidy Level of American Persimmon in Kentucky: Could It Impact Production Strategies for Seedless Fruit? American Society for Horticultural Science Annual Conference, Waikoloa, Hawaii, September 19-22, 2017. https://ashs.confex.com/ashs/2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/26923
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Progress 10/01/15 to 09/30/16
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is landowners, forestry specialists in private business and government positions, small and limited resource farmers, students, scientists, and the general public Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students conducted research efforts toward projects for the Masters of Science in Environmental Studies degree. Staff and students attended the Kentucky Academy of Science Meeting and the American Society for Horticultural Science Meetings. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated at the American Society for Horticultural Science Meetings, Third Thursday Sustainable Workshop series September meeting, and at the Kentucky Academy of Science Meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Additional American persimmon populations will be identified in the Bernheim Research Forest and other state and county forests and parks, and flow cytometry and ploidy analysis conducted. We will continue geospatial characterization and mapping of the Kentucky forest lands in relation to forest health, incidence of native plant species and invasive plant infestation. Additional images of Japanese Honeysuckle, Bradford Pear and bush honeysuckle will be recorded in the infrared band in late fall since these invasive species tend to retain their leaves while many native species shed leaves in late fall. A graduate student will also continue renewable energy and biomass production for gasification systems and generation of electricity as part of his thesis studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For Objectives 1 and 2, an undergraduate student used satellite remote sensing to attempt to distinguish the bush honeysuckle from other species of vegetation within the Bernheim Research Forest boundaries by exploiting the known unique spectral signatures of each species. Field spectro-radiometer measurements were taken of the various species to aid the multi-spectral image classification of Landsat (30 m), NAIP (1 m), and aerial (5-30 cm) data revealing the spatial extent of the bush honey suckle, primarily along fences, tree lines, and disturbed areas. Preliminary results suggested that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) could be the most useful derivative for distinguishing bush honeysuckle from other species. A graduate student also examined bush honeysuckle identification at the Bernheim Research Forest using a drone for 5 cm resolution. The image was then evaluated based on RGB bands. Band classification results were unable to demonstrate a difference between native tree species and invasive species. Additionally, leaf spectral properties of these plants were analyzed by using a handheld spectrometer. While Japanese Honeysuckle showed a small difference in spectral properties, Bradford Pear and bush honeysuckle had similar properties. As a next step we will be taking additional images of these plants in the infrared band in late fall; these invasive species tend to retain their leaves while many native species shed leaves in late fall. A graduate student collected leaf samples from 25 American persimmon trees in the Bernheim Research Forest and Franklin County, Kentucky for flow cytometry and ploidy analysis. Approximately 40% of the persimmon trees sampled were 90 chromosome strains and 60% were 60 chromosome strains. For Objective 3 and 4, a graduate student conducted research that examined the potential of bush honeysuckle, pawpaw, white ash, and waste wood from pallets as feedstock in a gasifier, which was used to fuel a generator for electricity production. Bush honeysuckle, which is an invasive woody bush of Kentucky, the North American pawpaw, which is a small native tree in Kentucky, and white ash, a large native tree species in Kentucky, could serve as excellent feedstocks for gasification. Unloaded pallets are a common waste product at retail stores in Kentucky. All feedstocks were examined and are capable of producing moderate amounts of electricity.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Pomper, K., Hodges, D., Bates, K. and Berry, A. 2015. Kentucky State University agroforestry program: pawpaw and American persimmon for fruit production for small land owners and forest ecosystems. Kentucky Academy of Science, November 14, 2015, Highland Heights, Kentucky.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Hodges, D. 2015. Ecological Niches for the American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) and Pawpaw (Asimina triloba). Kentucky State University. Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Environmental Studies.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2016
Citation:
Edgar, B., J. D. Lowe, K. W. Pomper, and S. B. Crabtree. 2016. The Potential of Creating Bioenergy for Small Farmers through Gasification of Woody Plants and Wastes. American Society for Horticultural Science, Atlanta, Georgia, August 9, 2016.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is landowners,forestry specialists in private business and government positions, small and limited resource farmers, students, scientists, and the general public. Changes/Problems:Persimmon leaf samples were collected and sent to Plant Cytometry Services for analysis in summer 2015. These leaves were lost in the mail and failed to be received by the lab, therefore ploidy level was not able to be determined as planned. Leaves will be collected and mailed again in 2016 for polyploidy determinations. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students conducted research efforts toward projects for the Masters of Science in Environmental Studies degree. One graduate student successfully defended his thesis projected and received his degree. Staff and students attended the Kentucky Academy of Science Meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings were disseminated at the Kentucky Nut Growers Association Spring and Fall Meetings, Third Thursday Sustainable Workshop series September meeting, and a thesis defense seminar to faculty and students entitled "Forest Ecosystems in the Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest and Ecological Niches for the American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) and Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)". What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Additional pawpaw patches and American persimmon populations will be identified in the Bernheim Research Forest and other state and county forests and parks, and fixed with GPS coordinates in areas where extensive mapping and LiDAR mapping has previously been conducted. Additional pawpaw and persimmon populations will be identified in the Kentucky State University Environmental Education and Research Center. A graduate student will collect leaf samples for DNA extraction and polyploidy determinations and optimize flow cytometer methods for pawpaw and American persimmon polyploidy comparisons. The graduate student will also continue an economic comparison for renewable energy and biomass production for gasification systems and generation of electricity as part of his thesis studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For Objectives 1 and 2, pawpaw patches and American persimmon populations were identified in the Bernheim Research Forest and mapped in relation to streams and forest features in summer 2015. Using Landsat 5 imagery, the Bernheim Arboretum and Research Forest was found to contain 25.2% coniferous species. The average distance to the nearest stream among all locations for North American persimmon was 71.8 m. For pawpaw, the average distance to the nearest stream was 43.3 m. Although, pawpaw patches tended to be closer to streams than some American persimmon populations in some locations, there was not a significant difference observed. A graduate student collected leaf samples for DNA extraction and polyploidy determinations. Leaf samples were sent for flow cytometry analysis; however, samples were lost in the mail and the study will be repeated next year. For Objective 3 and 4, a new graduate student is conducting his thesis research on assessing various wood species for biomass production in gasification systems. During this period, he has conducted a literature review and preliminary research, and developed a thesis proposal for research to be conducted in 2016.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Collins, C., Pomper, K., and Tsegaye, T. Research and outreach approaches at the Kentucky State University field station: the environmental education and research center. Kentucky Academy of Science Annual Meeting, Lexington, KY, November 15, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Pomper, K., Hodges, D., Collins, C., Berry, A., Bates, K., and Lowe, J.
The identification of pawpaw (Asimina triloba) and American persimmon
(Diospyros virginiana) populations in the Bernheim Research Forest in
relation to biodiversity and forest health. Kentucky Academy of Science Annual Meeting, Lexington, KY, November 15, 2014.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Acharya, B., Pomper, K., Gyawali, B., Bhattarai, K., Berry, A., & Tsegaye, T. (2015). Mapping the Spatial Distribution of Pawpaw in Kentucky Pilot Site Guerilla Creek. ASPRS/JACIE Conference, May 5-8, 2015 in Tampa Florida.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Acharya, B., Pomper, K., Gyawali, B., Bhattarai, K., Berry, A., & Tsegaye, T. (2015). Impervious Surface Mapping Utilizing High Resolution Imageries. ASPRS/JACIE Conference, May 5-8, 2015 in Tampa Florida.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Hodges, Dustin. (2015) Ecological Niches for the American Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) and Pawpaw (Asimina triloba). Masters of Science of Environmental Studies Capstone Thesis. Kentucky State University.
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Progress 11/12/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Land owners, forestry specialists in private business and government positions, small and limited resource farmers, students, scientists, and the general public. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three graduate students conducted research efforts toward projects for the Masters of Science in Environmental Studies degree. One graduate student successfully defended his thesis projected and received his degree. Staff attended the Kentucky Academy of Science Meeting in November 2013 in Morehead, Kentucky. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Research findings were disseminated at the Kentucky Nut Growers Association Spring Meeting, Third Thursday Sustainable Workshop series September meeting, a Brown Bag Seminar to the public about forest research (February, 2014), a Kentucky Field Station Meeting presentation to forest extension and research personnel (February, 2014), and a thesis defense seminar to faculty and students entitled "Potential of Two Agricultural Waste Coproducts for Energy Production through Biomass Gasification" (August, 2014). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Additional pawpaw patches and American persimmon populations will be identified in the Bernheim Research Forest and fixed with GPS coordinates in areas where extensive mapping and LiDAR mapping has previously been conducted. Additionally, pawpaw and persimmon populations will be identified in the Kentucky State University Environmental Education and Research Center. A graduate student will collect leaf samples for DNA extraction and polyploidy determinations and optimize flow cytometer methods for pawpaw and American persimmon polyploidy comparisons. A graduate student will continue an economic comparison for renewable energy and biomass production for gasification systems and generation of electricity as part of her thesis studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
For Objectives 1 and 2, six pawpaw patches and three American persimmon populations were identified in the Bernheim Research Forest and were fixed with GPS coordinates in areas where extensive mapping and LiDAR mapping has previously been conducted. Pawpaw and persimmon locations were mapped in relation to streams and forest features. Pawpaw patches varied from about 10 stems to over 100 in each patch and were located in the forest understory under sycamore, shagbark hickory, yellow poplar, ash, and oak trees and were found near stream bed areas. American persimmon trees identified in the search areas were established trees in the upper canopy of the forest areas. That pawpaw populations were frequent and American persimmon trees were rare reflects that persimmon appears to be a less dominant tree species in this area of Kentucky forests. A graduate student collected leaf samples for DNA extraction and polyploidy determinations; however, flow cytometer methods are still being optimized to provide pawpaw and American persimmon polyploidy comparisons. For Objective 3, a study analyzed the potential of two agricultural waste products, pawpaw and sorghum, for energy production. The orchard pruningsfrom pawpaw and post-squeezing bagassefrom sweet sorghum, normally discarded or burned as waste, were collected and processed for use as feedstock in a gasifier, which was used to fuel a generator for electricity production. Both waste product feedstocks combined in various ratios proved capable of producing moderate amounts of electricity (0.962 kWh/kg avg), but require considerable preprocessing that hinders their practicality and when combined with labor intensive maintenance and operation may prove impractical. A graduate student completed his masters thesis research on this energy study. Another graduate student collected labor data on this gasifier project and she is analyzing this data as part of her thesis research.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
May, B. 2014. Potential of Two Agricultural Waste Coproducts for Energy Production through Biomass Gasification. Kentucky State University, Masters of Science in Environmental Studies Thesis. August 2014.
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