Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1. Determine the effect of rice sample preparation procedures on milled rice quality. 2. Study the effect of post-milling handling procedures on quality results. 3. Develop recommendations for modifying the procedures. Approach (from AD-416) The proposed study will evaluate the effects of different sample preparation procedures on rice quality evaluation results, such as fissures and breakages. Formerly 5325-41000-038-00D (1/05). Documents Trust with CA Rice Research Board. Log 25958. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations After a new rice milling procedure which significantly improved the consistency and accuracy of rice sample milling was implemented by the USDA GIPSA in October 2007, the research has been focused on the relationship between moisture content gradient in rice kernels and milling quality. In the past year, the research focused on determining the moisture distribution in the rough rice kernels during different methods of drying. We used three different methods to estimate distribution of moisture and moisture gradients in the kernel � Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Finite Element Method modeling and bulk drying experiments. We also investigated the impact of moisture gradients on milling yields in these three drying methods � ambient air drying, hot air drying and infrared drying. The results showed that the optimum heating time depended on the initial moisture content of the rice. The information about impact of moisture content gradient on fissure formation and head rice yield we learned from this study can be used for optimizing and designing new drying processes with improved milling quality and reduced drying cost. The research findings have been reported at scientific conferences.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/30/08
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1. Determine the effect of rice sample preparation procedures on milled rice quality. 2. Study the effect of post-milling handling procedures on quality results. 3. Develop recommendations for modifying the procedures. Approach (from AD-416) The proposed study will evaluate the effects of different sample preparation procedures on rice quality evaluation results, such as fissures and breakages. Formerly 5325-41000-038-00D (1/05). Documents Trust with CA Rice Research Board. Log 25958. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Heat accumulation in the current standard rice sample milling resulted in high milling temperatures and low milling quality or yield causing economic loss to the rice industry. The standard procedures and equipment used for performing the milling quality appraisal, which are set by the USDA Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyard Administration (GIPSA), were originally developed over 50 years ago and cannot accurately measure rice milling quality. After carefully studying the relationship among the milling temperatures and conditions and milled rice quality, such as total and head rice yields and degree of milling, it has been concluded that milling temperature is a significant factor affecting the quality appraisal of rice. This is the only comprehensive research conducted so far with regards to the standard of rice sample milling. As a result, a new rice milling procedure, which significantly improved the consistency and accuracy of rice sample milling was implemented by the USDA GIPSA in October 2007. This research has solved a serious problem that the rice industry is currently facing with regards to quality evaluation of rice at sales. The implementation of new standards leads to significant economic benefits for rice farmers and processors. This research will promote brown rice consumption with high nutrition value, supporting Component 2 of NP 306, "New Processes, New Uses, and Value Added Foods".
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
Progress Report Objectives (from AD-416) 1. Determine the effect of rice sample preparation procedures on milled rice quality. 2. Study the effect of post-milling handling procedures on quality results. 3. Develop recommendations for modifying the procedures. Approach (from AD-416) The proposed study will evaluate the effects of different sample preparation procedures on rice quality evaluation results, such as fissures and breakages. Formerly 5325-41000-038-00D (1/05). Documents Trust with CA Rice Research Board. Log 25958. Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations This report serves to document research conducted under a Trust agreement between ARS and the California Rice Research Board. Additional details of the research may be found in 5325-41000-060-00D, New Technologies to Process Value-Added, Healthy Foods from Fruits and Vegetables. In an effort to improve the consistency and accuracy of rice sample quality appraisals, this project is examining the development of standard rice sample preparation procedures. Research in 2006 focused on how different milling procedures and storage times affect rice quality, an especially important consideration during quality appraisals. Commercially obtained rough M-202 rice with harvest moisture at three levels � 24.8%, 22.7% and 20.2% � were dried at four temperatures ranging from 73.4 to 127.4 degrees Fahrenheit to create rice samples with different milling quality. High-temperature drying resulted in significantly lower milling quality than low-temperature drying. The rice samples with different quality were milled with three different procedures � Western milling, Western milling with low-temperature cooling, and Southern milling procedures. The low-temperature procedure is a water-cooled system developed in the previous year�s research. It had the best head rice yield, followed by the Southern procedure. The differences over standard Western milling practices were significant � a 3% to 4% improvement for the cooled procedure and a 1.5% to 2% improvement for the Southern procedure. Based on the results from the systematic investigation of the rice sample milling mechanism and the effect of milling parameters on the appraisal of rice milling quality, the USDA Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyard Administration (GIPSA) has decided to adopt a new rice sample milling standard in October, 2007.
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Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 4d Progress report. This report serves to document research performed under a Trust Agreement between ARS and a commodity organization. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project 5325-41000-060-00D, "New Technologies to Process Value-Added, Healthy Foods from Fruits and Vegetables". Results confirm that the appraised rice milling quality is relates to the rice processing history and methods, including drying temperatures, original product quality and milling methods. Lower milling temperatures can significantly improve final product yield. The hypothesis that relatively high milling yield can be achieved from low quality rice if it is milled at low milling temperatures is currently being tested. This research supports NP 306, Component 2, "New Processes, New Uses, and Value-Added Foods".
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