Progress 10/01/05 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Progress Report 1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? Why does it matter? Our objective is to develop solutions to entomological and pathological problems and varietal selection constraints faced by the ornamental plant industry by identifying biological weaknesses of pests and the suitability of plant genomics to the Gulf Coast Region. The ornamental commodity comprises hundreds of plant species each with an array of problems, as such this project plan will collectively address a diversity of issues through three program areas with multiple objectives: 1)the plant disease program includes evaluating use-patterns of disinfectants, modeling disease progress of Rhizoctonia blight in azalea container production to improve cultural practices and fungicide timing, and monitoring infection periods and latency of Camellia twig blight to identify seasonally relevant
periods to target control practices; 2)the genetics program includes the evaluation and screening of germplasm for tolerance/resistance to factors affecting plant performance (i.e. heat, cold, and pest), identification/enhancement of desirable traits, and development of improved varieties for the Gulf States Region; and coordination of pest etiology and control practices and development of new cultivars will serve multiple industry segments by providing multiple management tools that facilitate production practices. 2. List by year the currently approved milestones (indicators of research progress) 2006 Objective 3. 1) Mechanisms for daylily rust resistance will be investigated. 2) Rose cultivars will be screened for resistance to black spot and Cercospora leaf spot and defoliation traits. 3) Crape myrtle and azalea plants are being evaluated for winter hardiness in Tennessee and heat tolerance in Mississippi. 4) Hydranga cultivars will be screened for resistance to Cercospora
leaf spot and powdery mildew. 5) Investigate genetics of disease resistance plants and determine mechanisms within genotypes that lead to disease resistance. 2007 Objective 3. 1) Develop rust resistant daylily germplasm. 2) Develop improved forms of Leucothoe and Pieris (spp.). 3) Develop improved forms of flowering dogwood. Project terminates 07/31/2007. 4a List the single most significant research accomplishment during FY 2006. Repeat blooming cultivars of azaleas (Encore Azaleas) were identified that will flourish in plant hardiness zone 6a. 4b List other significant research accomplishment(s), if any. A combination of new laboratory methods for studying germination of the daylily rust fungus and the matching of daylily cultivars tolerant to daylily rust to inhibition of specific stages of the infection process provide significant advancement in the knowledge that can be used to screen daylily cultivars for rust tolerance. A combination of a rapid method for screening dogwood
cultivars for tolerance to powdery mildew and the matching of tolerance in a commercial dogwood cultivar to inhibition of specific stages of the infection process provide significant advancement in the knowledge that can be used to screen dogwood cultivars for powdery mildew tolerance. 5. Describe the major accomplishments to date and their predicted or actual impact. Laboratory methods were developed that will be useful to scientists who evaluate factors that inhibit germination of the daylily rust fungus, Puccinia hemerocallids. Descriptions of infection stages that are suppressed relative to the disease tolerance level of daylily will be useful to scientists and disease tolerance ratings will allow nurserymen to market disease tolerant cultivars. Laboratory methods were developed that will be useful to scientists who evaluate factors that inhibit germination of the dogwood powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe pulchra. Descriptions of infection stages that are suppressed relative to the
disease tolerance level of dogwood will be useful to scientists and disease tolerance ratings will allow nurserymen to market disease tolerant cultivars. 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? Encore azalea winter hardiness data has been published and presented at industry meetings. Plant Development Services Inc. (a division of Flowerwood Nursery, Loxley, Al) will be using this information to market plants in new areas of the Midsouth and Midwest. New laboratory methods used to study germination of Puccinia hemerocallidis (daylily rust) and how different disease tolerance levels of eight daylily cultivars matched different stages of the rust infection process was reported to scientists at regional and national meetings and to nurserymen
at a regional meeting. A laboratory method for screening dogwood leaves for resistance to dogwood powdery mildew and how different disease tolerance levels of commercial dogwood cultivars matched different stages of the mildew infection process was reported to scientists at regional and national meetings and to nurserymen at a regional meeting. 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Popular Press and Presentations to Organizations Hadziabdic, D., Trigiano, R.N., Garton, S., Windham, M.T. 2004. In vitro regeneration of Cornus kousa. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:356-358. Hadziabdic, D., Trigiano, R.N., Garton, S., Windham, M.T., Klingeman, W.E. , Weaver-May, L.A. 2004. In vitro regeneration of Cladrastis kentukea. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:346-348. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M.,
Copes, W. E. 2004. Development of Erysiphe pulchra on resistant and susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars and lines. Presentation (Oct): 14th Woody Ornamental Workshop on Diseases and Pests. Hendersonville, NC. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2004. Spore germination, Infection structure formation and colony development of Erysiphe pulchra on dogwood leaves and glass slides. Presentation (Oct): 14th Woody Ornamental Workshop on Diseases and Pests. Hendersonville, NC. Smith, N.R., Trigiano, R.N., Lamour, K.H., Windham, M.T. 2004. DNA fingerprinting of flowering dogwood cultivars. Proc.of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:591-592. Windham, M.T., Trigiano, R.N., Windham, A.S. 2004. Response of bedding plants to Heritage Maxx. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:268-269. Windham, A.S., Windham, M.T., Stebbins, T.C., Copes, W.E., Self, L.H. 2004. A first report of daylily rust in Tennessee. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:233-234.
Windham, M.T., Windham, A.S., Trigiano, R.N. 2004. A new ringspot virus in Kalmia? Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:273-275. Windham, M.T., Windham, A.S., Trigiano, R.N. 2004. Host-pathogen interactions between Cornus species and powdery mildew. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:270-272. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Components of resistance to powdery mildew in flowering dogwood. Presentation (Aug): 50th Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Atlanta, GA. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes W. E. Development of powdery mildew on resistant and susceptible dogwood cultivars. Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Proc. 50:247-250. 2005. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes W. E. Resistance of daylily cultivars to rust. Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Proc. 50:275-277. 2005. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C.,
Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Resistance reactions of daylily cultivars to Puccinia hemerocallidis. Presentation (Aug): 50th Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Atlanta, GA. Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Vito, L., Mynes, J., Fare, D. C. 2005. Cold hardiness of Encore azaleas in zones 6a and 6b. Proc. of South. Nursery Res. Conf. 50:486-488. Peer Reviewed Publications, not on ARIS System Hadziabdic, D., Trigiano, R. N., Garton, S., Windham, M. T., Klingeman, W. E., and Weaver-May, L. A. 2005. In vitro regeneration of Cladrastis kentukea. Intl. Plant Prop. Soc. 54:632-636. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes, W. E. Components of resistance to powdery mildew in flowering dogwood. Phytopathology 95:S60. 2005. Li, Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes, W. E. 2006. Development of Erysiphe pulchra, the causal agent of powdery mildew, on susceptible and resistant flowering dogwood leaf disks. Can. J.
of Plant Path. 28:71-73. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes W. E. Effects of media and pH on urediniospore germination and germ-tube elongation of Puccinia hemerocallidis. Phytopathology. 95:S60. 2005. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes, W. E. Infection process of Erysiphe pulchra on flowering dogwood leaves and glass slides. Phytopathology. 95:S61. 2005. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes, W. E. Resistance reactions of daylily cultivars to Puccinia hemerocallidis. Phytopathology. 95:S61. 2005. Li, Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., and Copes, W. E. 2005. Spore germination, infection structure formation and colony development of Erysiphe pulchra on dogwood leaves and glass slides. Plant Dis. 89:1301-1304. Trigiano, R. N., Ament, M.H., Windham, M.T., Moulton, J.K. 2004. Genetic profiling of red-bracted Cornus
kousa cultivars indicates significant cultivar synonomy. HortScience. 39:489-492. Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., and Windham, A. S. 2005. Susceptibility of Cornus species to two genera of powdery mildew. J. of Environ. Hort. 23:190-192.
Impacts
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Publications
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Progress 10/01/04 to 09/30/05
Outputs
1. What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? See Parent Research Project 6404-21220-003-00D. 2. List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. See Parent Research Project 6404 21220-003-00D. Objective 3. Genetic improvement of ornamental plant production in the Gulf Coast region. 10 Objective 3.1. Develop rust resistant daylily germplasm. 11 Objective 3.2. Develop improved forms of Leucothoe and Pieris (spp.). 12 Objective 3.3. Develop improved forms of flowering dogwood. 3a List the milestones that were scheduled to be addressed in FY 2005. For each milestone, indicate the status: fully met, substantially met, or not met. If not met, why. 1. Growth media were identified as promoting or inhibiting spore germination of Puccinia hemerocallids (daylily rust) and three plant response levels to infection were identified
on eight daylily cultivars that vary from susceptible to tolerant to the rust pathogen. Milestone Fully Met 2. Rose cultivars were screened for resistance or susceptibility to black spot and Cercospora leaf spot and are being evaluated for field resistance response traits. Milestone Substantially Met 3. The germination and initial infection process of Erysiphe pluchra (dogwood powdery mildew) was correlated on detached dogwood leaves and microscope slides and correlated with the response of dogwood leaves on the plant to compare susceptible and tolerant cultivars. Milestone Fully Met 3b List the milestones that you expect to address over the next 3 years (FY 2006, 2007, and 2008). What do you expect to accomplish, year by year, over the next 3 years under each milestone? See Parent Research Project 6404-21220-003-00D. 2006 Objective 3. Daylily cultivars will be crossed and screened for marketable flower traits and rust resistant (10 - objective 3.1). Rose cultivars will be screened
for resistance to black spot and Cercospora leaf spot and defoliation traits (11 objective 3.2). A Crape myrtle plants are being evaluated for winter hardiness in TN and heat tolerance in MS (11 objective 3.2). Dogwood seedlings will be screened for resistant to powdery mildew (12 - objective 3.3). 2007 Objective 3. Chemical extracts will be evaluated that suppress germination of the daylily rust fungus (10 - objective 3.1). Rose cultivars will be screened for resistance to black spot and Cercospora leaf spot and defoliation traits (11 objective 3.2). A Crape myrtle plants will be screened for resistance to powdery mildew (11 objective 3.2). Select dogwood seedlings will be screened for resistant to powdery mildew and winter/summer hardiness (12 - objective 3.3). 2008 Objective 3. A Crape myrtle plants will be screened for resistance to powdery mildew (11 objective 3.2). Select dogwood seedlings will be screened for resistant to powdery mildew and winter/summer hardiness (12 -
objective 3. 3). 4a What was the single most significant accomplishment this past year? See Parent Research Project 6404-21220-003-00D. 4b List other significant accomplishments, if any. A combination of new laboratory methods for studying germination of the daylily rust fungus and the matching of daylily cultivars tolerant to daylily rust to inhibition of specific stages of the infection process provide significant advancement in the knowledge that can be used to screen daylily cultivars for rust tolerance (10 objective 3.1). A combination of a rapid method for screening dogwood cultivars for tolerance to powdery mildew and the matching of tolerance in a commercial dogwood cultivar to inhibition of specific stages of the infection process provide significant advancement in the knowledge that can be used to screen dogwood cultivars for powdery mildew tolerance (12 objective 3.2). 5. Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual
impact. Laboratory methods were developed that will be useful to scientists who evaluate factors that inhibit germination of the daylily rust fungus, Puccinia hemerocallids (10 objective 3.1). Descriptions of infection stages that are suppressed relative to the disease tolerance level of daylily will be useful to scientists and disease tolerance ratings will allow nurserymen to market disease tolerant cultivars (10 objective 3.1) . Laboratory methods were developed that will be useful to scientists who evaluate factors that inhibit germination of the dogwood powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe pulchra (12 objective 3.3). Descriptions of infection stages that are suppressed relative to the disease tolerance level of dogwood will be useful to scientists and disease tolerance ratings will allow nurserymen to market disease tolerant cultivars (12 objective 3.2) . 6. What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become
available to the end- user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? New laboratory methods used to study germination of Puccinia hemerocallidis (daylily rust) and how different disease tolerance levels of eight daylily cultivars matched different stages of the rust infection process was reported to scientists at regional and national meetings and to nurserymen at a regional meeting (10 objective 3.1). A laboratory method for screening dogwood leaves for resistance to dogwood powdery mildew and how different disease tolerance levels of commercial dogwood cultivars matched different stages of the mildew infection process was reported to scientists at regional and national meetings and to nurserymen at a regional meeting (12 objective 3.3). 7. List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your
peer reviewed publications below). Hadziabdic, D., Trigiano, R.N., Garton, S., Windham, M.T., Klingeman, W.E. , Weaver-May, L.A. 2004. In vitro regeneration of Cladrastis kentukea. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:346-348. Hadziabdic, D., Trigiano, R.N., Garton, S., Windham, M.T. 2004. In vitro regeneration of Cornus kousa. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:356-358. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Components of resistance to powdery mildew in flowering dogwood. Phytopathology. 95:S60. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Effects of media and pH on urediniospore germination and germ-tube elongation of Puccinia hemerocallidis. Phytopathology. 95:S60. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Infection process of Erysiphe pulchra on flowering dogwood leaves and glass slides. Phytopathology. 95:S61. LI , Y. H., Windham,
M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Resistance reactions of daylily cultivars to Puccinia hemerocallidis. Phytopathology. 95:S61. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2004. Spore germination, Infection structure formation and colony development of Erysiphe pulchra on dogwood leaves and glass slides. Presentation (Oct): 14th Woody Ornamental Workshop on Diseases and Pests. Hendersonville, NC. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2004. Development of Erysiphe pulchra on resistant and susceptible flowering dogwood cultivars and lines. Presentation (Oct): 14th Woody Ornamental Workshop on Diseases and Pests. Hendersonville, NC. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Resistance reactions of daylily cultivars to Puccinia hemerocallidis. Presentation (Aug): 50th Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Atlanta,
GA. LI , Y. H., Windham, M. T., Trigiano, R. N., Fare, D. C., Spiers, J. M., Copes, W. E. 2005. Components of resistance to powdery mildew in flowering dogwood. Presentation (Aug): 50th Southern Nursery Assoc. Res. Conf. Atlanta, GA. Smith, N.R., Trigiano, R.N., Lamour, K.H., Windham, M.T. 2004. DNA fingerprinting of flowering dogwood cultivars. Proc.of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:591-592. Trigiano, R.N., Ament, M.H., Windham, M.T., Moulton, J.K. 2004. Genetic profiling of red-bracted Cornus kousa cultivars indicates significant cultivar synonomy. HortScience. 39:489-492. Windham, A.S., Windham, M.T., Stebbins, T.C., Copes, W.E., Self, L.H. 2004. A first report of daylily rust in Tennessee. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:233-234. Windham, M.T., Trigiano, R.N., Windham, A.S. 2004. Response of bedding plants to Heritage Maxx. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:268-269. Windham, M.T., Windham, A.S., Trigiano, R.N. 2004. A new ringspot virus in Kalmia? Proc. of South. Nurs. Res.
Conf. 49:273-275. Windham, M.T., Windham, A.S., Trigiano, R.N. 2004. Host-pathogen interactions between Cornus species and powdery mildew. Proc. of South. Nurs. Res. Conf. 49:270-272.
Impacts
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Publications
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