Source: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON submitted to
61-8715 WILDLAND FUEL
Sponsoring Institution
Other Cooperating Institutions
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
0220538
Grant No.
(N/A)
Project No.
WNZ-1399
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Apr 2, 2009
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2014
Grant Year
(N/A)
Project Director
Alvarado-Celestino, E.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
4333 BROOKLYN AVE NE
SEATTLE,WA 98195
Performing Department
School Administration
Non Technical Summary
This Joint Venture Agreement will support the research conducted by the Fire and Environmental Research Team (FERA) at the USFS PNW Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory for the Interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program, the USFS National Fire Plan, the USFS Region 6, and NASA's North American Carbon Program.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1220610107010%
1220611107010%
1220612107010%
1220613107010%
1220621107010%
1220622107010%
1220630107010%
1220640107010%
1220720107010%
1220780107010%
Knowledge Area
122 - Management and Control of Forest and Range Fires;

Subject Of Investigation
0621 - Broadleaf forests of the South; 0640 - Tropical forests; 0610 - Conifer forests of the North; 0622 - Broadleaf forests of the West; 0611 - Conifer forests of the South; 0612 - Conifer forests of the West; 0630 - Chaparral and shrub lands; 0613 - Mixed conifer-broadleaf forests; 0720 - Pinyon-juniper; 0780 - Grasslands, other;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;
Goals / Objectives
To develop a system to integrate the Fuel Characteristics Classification System (FCCS), CONSUME and the Fire Emissions Production System (FEPS) to support decision making in fuel and fire management in federal lands. To analyze the fuel consumption modeling approaches used in FCCS, CONSUME, and FEPS software and develop a unique approach for those models. To collect and anlayze fuel consumption and environmental data from a series of prescribed fires in National Forests of Florida, Kentucky, Virginia, and Ohio to improve fuel consumption models for southern and north central forest regions of the US. To study consumption during smoldering and residual combustion for logs, stumps and snags under different levels of decomposition in wildland fires. To study and develop a model for crown consumption in crown fires during extreme fire conditions in large wildfires. To assist FERA and BLM on developing a digital photo series for sage ecosystemsof eastern Oregon. Integrate a forest vegetation simulator (FVS) and FCCS to generate dynamic fuelbeds derived from stand data and silvicultural treatments. To develop and test adaptation strategies for resource management under climate change scenarios at the Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. To continue developing and evaluating a process for addressing uncertainity in PNW national forest projects and plans by developing best-case/worst-case future options, given uncertainities in regional climatology and climate effects information. To continue development and updating information on mitigation and adaptation strategies for fire and land management on the USFS Climate Change Resource Center website. To develop FCCS fuelbeds for eastern US and Alaska for the National LANDFIRE project. THE OUTCOMES THAT WILL BE DELIVERED: A document framework to integrate FERA software packages in a web-based system. New consumption models for prescribed fires and wildfires of north central and southern United States. A workshop on adaptation options for climate scenarios in climate sensitive ecosystems of the Olympic National Park. A guidebook for adaptation and mitigation options for climate scenarios in climate sensitive ecosystems for the Olympic National Forest and the Olympic National Park. A unified fuel consumption model that will be integrated in FCCS, CONSUME and FEPS. A consumption model for large fuels during smoldering and residual combustion and crown fires. A software tool to integrate into LMS the FVS and FCCS models. A GIS map of fuelbeds for eastern US and Alaska. Three camera-ready manuscripts for publishing on a peer-reviewed journal.
Project Methods
To accomplish this agreement there may be a need for UW employees and USF cooperators to travel together to field sites and meetings in the US and overseas. For those instances the USFS PNW Station may provide transportation on US Government owned or rented vehicles when the following conditions are met: The Govt. owned or rented vehicle must be used for official Forest Service use only and in accordance with the terms and objectives of this coop agreement. Only properly licensed and qualified drivers may operate the vehicles. Drivers must have completed a defensive driviing course within the last 3 years. Drivers must have received and read a copy of the US Government Driver Operating Guide, EM-7130-1 The vehicle has to carry proof of comprehensive liability insurance policy.

Progress 04/02/09 to 03/31/14

Outputs
Target Audience:The University of Washington's School of Environmental and Forest Sciences collaborated on research conducted by the FERA Team for the Interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program, the USFS National Fire Plan, and the USFS Region 6. The research was conducted and applied to public lands under the administration of the USFS, BLM, NPS, DOD and other federal, tribal, state agencies, local governments, and private owners. This specific project extended the wildfire sciences research to the wildland urban interface in the southwest, southern and western United States. The project with the USFS generated, developed, applied and transferred science-based information, strategies and tools for fire management in wildlands and the WUI, and homeowners in the wildland urban interface. The joint research will provide better scientific solutions to current and future land management needs for public lands and international cooperators. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Professional staff are able to take advantage of 6 free credits offered by the University of Washington for their employees to accomplish their academic and professional goals. Most recently, Kjell Swedin continued taking a number of credits required for a bachelor degree. James Cronan is working on a doctoral degree using the 6-credit tuition waiver. Claudia Muñoz is also using the tuition waiver to work on a MS degree. Kjell Swedin and Robert Norheim have participated on professional meeting to develop their technical skills, such as Big Data and GIS. Paige Eagle and Kjell Swedin were supported by the project to complete training certificates in Java. S. Prichard, M. Kennedy, J. Halofsky, J. Cronan, T. Wilder, A. Andreu, J. Restaino, C. Cansler, C. Restaino, and E. Alvarado participated regularly in local, national and international technical and scientific meeting where they presented posters or delivered oral presentations. A special effort was made through this project to integrate graduate and undergraduate students. Six graduate students either completed their degrees fully or partially funded by this project. Four graduate students continue partially or fully supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Several undergraduate students participated completing their capstone projects under this project as well. Dr. Natasha Stavros completed a doctoral degree at the UW in 2013. Her work included developing a software program to simulate fire events for air-quality and other coarsescale models. She developed predictive models of megafires across the West, and projected them onto future climate. She wrote four papers and presented research results at major conferences, including AGU, IALE, and the International Very Large Fire conference. Courtney A. Cansler completed a MS degree in 2012. She developed a database for field verification of MTBS fire-severity classifications and collected field measurements on wildfires in alpine treeline ecotones across North Cascade Range and northern Rocky Mountains. Alina Cansler continues her doctoral studies at the UW with support from the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Katherine Wyatt defended her MS thesis in 2013. She compared riparian and upland areas, summarized the range of vegetation conditions present in the second half of the 20th century, and correlated vegetation with processes on the landscape within the Tapash Collaborative Forest landscape Restoration Project. Fire prevalence was positively correlated with number of canopy layers and bare understory. It was also positively correlated with riparian-wetland areas, suggesting fire reduced coniferous encroachment or directly promoted fire adapted riparian vegetation. In outlining both the relative importance of variables influencing vegetation, this research offers agencies working in the Tapash the local science needed for effective management. On his 2014 MS thesis, TmthSpusmen Wilder concluded that ecological conditions of landscapes are the result of ownerships, spatial pattern and dynamics of ownerships, and ecological interactions among individual ownerships. His work compared the Yakama Indian Reservation and federal lands managed by USFS. His research identified the value the Yakama Nation offers as an operational framework to implement collaborative planned treatment activities and promote development, planning, and implementation of future treatments. Analyses concluded increasing logging activity to enhance collaborative ecosystem restoration activities, sustain, and develop local industries and economies dependent on sustainable forest resources. Brooke Cassel's MS thesis was defended in 2012. The work was partially supported with funds from the USFS International Programs. Her work at the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Manantlán complemented research conducted by cooperators from the USFS, the Mexican government and Mexico's universities. Her work on fire history study reconstructed fire frequency in the pine-dominated portions of the Biosphere Reserve, which will serve both as a foundation for development of scientifically informed restoration projects and biodiversity conservation. As part of the cooperation with the USFS International Programs and the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Jose Maria Michel, a MS student at the University of Guadalajara, defended his thesis in 2010. His work laid out the framework for developing a Mexican system to characterize and classify forest fuelbeds on natural protected areas, especially on dry and humid tropical forest. Jessica Hudec completed in 2011 her MS thesis on fuelbed variability following wildfire in forests with mixed severity fire regimes. He studied several mixed-severity fires across Oregon and Washington. Three doctoral students started their studies during the project reported here. Their work will continue to be supported fully or partially by the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station. James Cronan started a doctoral program under this project and continues with support from a current project. His work is funded by the Pacific Northwest Research Station to study effect on managing disturbance in the longleaf pine ecosystem. He is analyzing the effects of managed fire regime characteristics on fire hazard and community ecology at multiple spatial scales. Lim Pak, a doctoral student in Mechanical Engineering, completed required and most elective courses. He completed a completed computer program for two-dimensional flow that includes an imbedded boundary method (IBM) for simulated the influence of solid object (e.g., terrain) on the flow. He is participating in establishing a working collaboration with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on similar methods for computing fire in the presence of solid object with complex shape. In particular, the conservation of the mass and energy need to be improved. This is critical to successful comprehensive physics-based simulations of fire spread over complex terrain. Christina Restaino, a doctoral student partially funded by this project, is examining Variability in Douglas-fir Growth at a Continental scale. The following University of Washington School of Environmental and Forest Sciences undergraduate students in Ecosystem Science and Resource Management completed their capstone projects under this project. John Kirby. Fuel treatments in the WUI in the Eagle Fire in the Wenatchee-Okanogan National Forest Jaime Olivia Jazzie. Integration of TEK in fire and land management at the Navajo Reservation Lukas Vandrell. Ecological and economic tradeoff analysis between the Rose wildfire and the Kaboom prescribed burn in the Naches RD Helen Fillmore. 2013. Fuels and Fire hazard at the Washoe Tribal Lands of Nevada. Justine Andreychuk. Understory vegetation in mixed severity fire regimes Brandon Ambrose. 2010. Fuelbeds for fuel treatments in the Yakama Reservation Aarin Sensirirak. 2009. Bakbeetles and Fire in the Tripod Fire. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?University of Washington Professional Staff participate regularly in training sessions, workshops, and webinars for land and fire managers. University of Washington staff and faculty support the USFS as part of the trainer cadre. The following list is a sample of the numerous meetings in which University of Washington staff participates in outreach efforts: • Presented a demo of the Fuel and Fire Tools software application to the Oregon State Department of Forestry to demonstrate the Fuel and Fire Tools software application. • Presented a webinar on "How Effective Were Fuel Treatments in the 2011 Wallow Fire?" • Participated in a series of technical discussions with the Colorado Springs Fire Department to share details about efforts taken to save homes during the 2012 Waldo Canyon wildfire. • Participated during several sessions as part of the instructor cadre for the TFM's Fire Effects module for fire managers, which introduces the basics of fire spread as it is currently modeled and the relationship of fire characteristics to fuel bed particles and other fuel bed characteristics. • Participated in the Washington State Prescribed Fire Council annual conferences in 2012 and 2013. The council is a collaborative group working to protect, conserves, and expand the responsible use of prescribed fire on the Washington landscape and joins over 25 similar councils across North America. • Participated in workshops to present FERA tools during scientific and professional meetings organized by the Association of Fire Ecology, International Association of Wildland Fire, University of Idaho, University of Coimbra, among others. • Collaborated in the establishment of the Olympic Peninsula, North Cascadia, and Southern Blue Mountains Adaptation to Climate Change Partnership. For these partnerships, worked with stakeholders to develop resource vulnerability assessments and adaptations strategies and actions for climate change. • Collaborated with the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station and fire and land managers in several National Forests to develop maps of current and potential Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) fuelbeds for that area. These forests include the Okanogan and Wenatchee, Umatilla, Malheur, Wallowa-Whitman National Forests, Lake Tahoe National Forests and the Savannah River Site. • Supported the USFS Pacific Northwest Research Station to present fire and fuel management tools during the Rx410 and Rx310 training for fire and air resource specialists, fire crew members, burn bosses, and fire analysts. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the 5-year duration of the project, the following objectives were accomplished: To develop a system to integrate the Fuel Characteristics Classification System (FCCS), CONSUME and the Fire Emissions Production System (FEPS) to support decision-making in fuel and fire management in federal lands. To collect and analyze fuel consumption and environmental data from a series of prescribed fires in National Forests of Florida, Kentucky, Virginia, and Ohio to improve fuel consumption models for southern and north central forest regions of the United States. To collect and analyze data of fuel consumption in prescribed fires under several silvicultural treatments in boreal forests of central Alaska. To study fuel amount and composition following dormant and growing season prescribed fires for Flatwoods pine ecosystems in the in the Florida Panhandle. To study consumption during smoldering and residual combustion for logs, stumps and snags under different levels of decomposition in wildland fires. To study and develop a model for crown consumption in crown fires during extreme fire conditions in large wildfires. To assist FERA, the USFS, and BLM on developing a digital photo series for sage ecosystems of eastern Oregon and old growth in the Pacific Northwest. Integrate a forest vegetation simulator (FVS) and FCCS to generate dynamic fuelbeds derived from stand data and silvicultural treatments. To develop and test adaptation strategies for resource management under climate change scenarios at the Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. To evaluate a process for addressing uncertainty in Pacific Northwest national forest projects and plans by developing best-case/worst case future options, given uncertainties in regional climatology and climate effects information. To support the development and updating information on mitigation and adaptation strategies for fire and land management on the USFS Climate Change Resource Center website. To collect, analyze, and report vegetation and fuels data from across the gradient of elevation and burn severity classes for several mixed severity fires in Oregon and Washington and to communicate how the information can aid in evaluating models or imagery used in forest management decision-making. To develop FCCS fuelbeds for eastern United States and Alaska for the National LANDFIRE project. To study the effect of multiple forest ownership on large wildfires. The study will focus on landscape restoration collaborative projects in the Pacific Northwest in which national forest, tribal, state, and private owners participate. To develop a strategy for integration and application of traditional ecological knowledge and western science for contemporary resource management to address wildland fire and climate change in tribal lands. To support the conduction of a workshop and follow-up activities on Meshing Traditional Ecological Knowledge with Modern Science at the Salish-Kootenai Reservation in Polson, Montana. Recode CONSUME 3.0 into python programming language to make this fire management tool a web application for fuel consumption and smoke emissions from wildfires. To characterize fuels and consumption and study the relation to fire behavior, severity, and smoke plume formation and dispersion in the winter of 2012 at the Eglin AFB in Florida as part of the large scale, multi-scientist RxCadre project. To collect physical properties of fuels and fire behavior to parameterize and validate in the in the field the Wildland-Urban Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS) in the winter of 2012 at the Eglin AFB in Florida as part of the large scale, multiscientist RxCadre project. To analyze and compare the best non-stationary statistics methods of analyzing long-term ecological datasets and to test the use of statistical tests of stationary and wavelet analysis to ecological time series. To assist in data collection an analysis of field research conducted in wildland urban interface fires using the NIST WUI 1 and the NIST WUI 2 GIS-based data collection methodology to provide field validation of the WFDS Model. To assist the USFS PNW and NIST to identify WUI communities of interest in California, Texas, and Colorado with high vulnerability to wildfires. To conduct pre-and post fire data collections in fire vulnerable forest and communities to improve the fuel bed information for the WFDS fire behavior model. To reconstruct the fire timeline in the Waldo Fire in WUI in Colorado Springs, Colorado and show where the fire was in the community as a function of time, document the extent and type of defensive actions that were undertaken during the first ten hours after the fire reached the Mountain Shadows community. To quantify structural loses during the Waldo Fire as related to local weather conditions and begin the characterization fire and ember exposures from burning structures. To collect and analyze pre and post fire data of WUI fires to identify the effectiveness of mitigation actions that prevent catastrophic home losses. To collaborate on a study to characterize the combustion environment of slash pile burning in the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest and the Santa Clara Pueblo, NW in order to improve the efficiency of pile burning in the western US. To study the effectiveness of fuel treatments on wildfire severity (tree mortality, bole char and crown scorch) and fire behavior of the Wallow Fire on the landscape in areas surrounding the communities on Alpine, Greer, and Nutrioso near the Apache-Sitgraves National Forest in Arizona. To develop and implement a method for testing the sensitivity of the Rothermel and FCCS fire models to changes in model inputs. Both the fire potentials and spread rate predictions in FCCS were tested in stages, starting with simple environmental conditions (level ground and only surface fuels). These model inputs are environmental conditions such as fuel characteristics, wind, and slope. To conduct a sensitivity test of the (WFDS) physics based model to changes in model inputs. To initiate a project to implement in the field strategies to adapt to climate change and wildfires in National Forests of the Pacific Northwest in collaboration with local land and fire managers. This project collaborated with the assessment for the Olympic NF and NP, the North Cascadia, and To support the development of a national fuelbed map and an improved system for tracking greenhouse gases from wildfires for Mexico. Additional international collaboration included beginning an assessment of fire regimes and community fire programs for conservation of biodiversity cloud forest and migratory Monarch butterfly.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Andrade de Carvalho, Jr., J.; Alvarado, E.; Gurgel Veras, C.A; Soares Neto, T.; Gielow, R.; Forti, M.C.; Fostier, A.H.; dos Santos, J.C. 2010. Twenty years of research on forest clearing fires in Amazonia. 6th International Forest Fire Research Conference. Coimbra, Portugal. November 15-18, 2010.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Cassell, Brooke, Ernesto Alvarado, Emily Heyerdahl, Diego Perez-Salicrup, and Enrique Jardel-Pel�ez. 2010 "Climate change and fire regimes in the Sierra de Manantl�n, M�xico." Proceedings of 3rd Fire Behavior and Fuels Conference. Dale Wade: Birmingham, Alabama, USA, International Association of Wildland Fire.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Cassell, Brooke, Ernesto Alvarado. 2012. Fire History of the Sierra de Manantl�n Biosphere Reserve in Western M�xico. 5th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress. Portland, Oregon
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Christopher Beatty, Adrian Leighton, Ernesto Alvarado. 2012. A Research Agenda for Tribal Lands in the United States: Integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Western Science in Fire Management. Third Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference. Seattle, Washington. April 17 -10, 2012.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Cronan, J. 2012. Effect of Burn Season on Surface Fuel Dynamics in Mesic Longleaf Pine Flatwoods in Northwest Florida. 5th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress. Portland, Oregon
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Jardel-Pel�ez E.J., Rodr�guez-G�mez J.M., Morf�n-R�os J.E, P�rez-Salicrup D., Alvarado E. & Balc�zar-Medina O.E. 2012. Potential fire regimes and fire management in the Ayuquila River Basin in western Mexico. Third Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference. Seattle, Washington. April 17 -10, 2012
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Diego R Perez Salicrup, Jorge Morfin Rios, Ernesto Alvarado. 2012. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of fuel loads in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Third Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference. Seattle, Washington. April 17 -10, 2012
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Peres-Salicrup, D.; Alvarado, E. Morfin, J. 2012. Physical Properties of Downed Woody Debris in Mexican Ecosystems. 5th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress. Portland, Oregon
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Pinto, C., E. Alvarado. 2011. Lessons learned on fire management of indigenous communities in the Bolivian Amazonia. In. FAO (2011). FAO at the V International Wildland Fire Conference, Sun City, South Africa (9-13 May 2011). Fire Management Working Paper 27. www.fao.org/forestry/firemanagement/en/. Rome, Italy
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Carlos Pinto, Ver�nica Ibarnegaray, Ernesto Alvarado. 2014. Challenges of Community fire management in Bolivia. 7th International Conference on Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Portugal, November 2014.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Carlos Pinto and Ernesto Alvarado. 2012. Lessons learned on fire management in indigenous communities in the Bolivian Amazonia. Third Human Dimensions of Wildland Fire Conference. Seattle, Washington. April 17 -10, 2012.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Wilder, T., Alvarado, E. 2013. Quantifying landscape spatial patterns: a collaborative forest management framework for tribal and federal lands. AGU Spring Conference. NH10. Wildfires on landscapes: theory, models, and management" Cancun, Mexico.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, E.; de Carvalho Jr., J.A. 2011. Fire in the Amazon Forest. In.; Amorim, J.; Keizer, J.J.; Miranda, A.; Monaghan, K. (Eds.) Forest fires research - Beyond burnt area statistics. Published by the University of Aveiro. Center for Environmental and Marine Studies. Aveiro, Portugal. ISBN 978-972-789-345-4. Book Chapter 4. Pages 13-18.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Andreu, A. G.; Shea, D.; Parresol, B. R.; Ottmar, R. D. 2012. Evaluating fuel complexes for fire hazard mitigation planning in the southeastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management. 27: 4-16.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2014 Citation: Bufacchi, P.; G. C. Krieger Filho; W. Mell; E. Alvarado; J.C. Santos; J. Andrade Carvalho Jr. (In Review). Numerical simulation and experiments of surface forest fire in Amazonia. International Journal of Wildland Fire
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Cansler, C. A. 2011. Drivers of burn severity in the northern Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Seattle, WA: University of Washington. Master's thesis. 139 p. M.S. thesis.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Cansler, C. A.; McKenzie, D. 2012. How robust are burn severity indices when applied in a new region? Evaluation of alternate field-based and remote-sensing methods. Remote Sensing. 4: 456-483.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cansler, C.A., and D. McKenzie. 2014. Burn severity and severity patterns in the northern Cascade Range, Washington. Mountain Views 8:14-17.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Cassell, B.A.; Alvarado, E.; Heyerdahl, E. H.; E. J. Jardel-Pel�ez, D. P�rez-Salicrup (In preparation). Fire History of the Sierra de Manantl�n Biosphere Reserve in Western Mexico.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Cassell, B.A.; Alvarado, E. 2012. Reconstruction of fire history in Mexican tropical pines using tree rings. The Forestry Chronicle 88(5): 553-555.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Carvalho Jr., J. A.; C. A. G. Veras, E. C. Alvarado, D. V. Sandberg, R. Gielow, E. R. Carvalho, and J. C. Santos. 2010. Understorey fire propagation and tree mortality on adjacent areas to an Amazonian deforestation fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19: 795-799.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: de Oliveira, M.V.; Alvarado, E.C.; Santos, J.C.; Carvalho Jr., J.A. 2011. Forest natural regeneration and biomass production after slash and burn in a seasonally-dry forest in the Southern Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 261(9): 1490-1498
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: French, N.H.F.; de Groot, W.J.; Jenkins, L. K.; Rogers, B.M; Alvarado, E.; Amiro, B.; de Jong, B.; Goetz, S.; Hoy, E.; Hyer, E.; Keane, R.; Law, B.E.; McKenzie, D.; McNulty, S. G.; Ottmar, R.; Perez-Salicrup, D. R.; Randerson, J.; Robertson, K. M.; Turetsky, M. 2011. Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire. Journal of Geophysical Research Bioscience. 116: 1-21.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: James, L.L. 2012. National to Local: A Pre and Post Assessment of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) Landscape Variables for the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington. 72 p
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Jardel Pel�ez, E.J.; Frausto Leyva, J.M.; P�rez Salicrup, D.; Alvarado, E.; Morf�n R�os, J.E.; Landa Perera, R.; Llamas Casillas, P. (Editors). 2010. Proceedings of the Workshop on Priorities on Fire Management Research in Mexico (In Spanish). Fondo Mexicano para la Conservaci�n de la Naturaleza. M�xico D.F. 41p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Johnson, Morris C.; Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, D.L. 2013. Effects of salvage logging and pile-and-burn on fuel loading, potential fire behaviour, fuel consumption and emissions. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 22: 757-769.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Johnson, M.C.; Kennedy, M.C.; Peterson, D.L. 2011. Simulating fuel treatment effects in dry forests of the western United States: testing the principles of a fire-safe forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 41: 1018-1030.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Furniss, M.J.; Millar, C.I.; Peterson, D.L.; Joyce, L.A.; Neilson, R.P.; Halofsky, J.E.; Kerns, B.K. 2009. Adapting to climate change: a short course for land managers. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW_GTR-789. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Halofsky, J.E.; Donato, D.C.; Hibbs, D.E.; Campbell, J.L.; Donaghy Cannon, M.; Fontaine, J.B.; Thompson, J.R.; Anthony, R.G.; Bormann, B.T.; Kayes, L.J.; Law, B.E.; Peterson, D.L.; Spies, T.A. 2011. Mixed-severity fire regimes: lessons and hypotheses from the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion. Ecosphere. 2(4): Article 40.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; Furniss, Michael J.; Joyce, Linda A.; Millar, Constance I.; Neilson, Ronald P. 2011. Workshop approach for developing climate change adaptation strategies and actions for natural resource management agencies in the United States. Journal of Forestry. 109(4): 219-225
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L.; OHalloran, Kathy A.; Hawkins Hoffman, Catherine 2011. Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-844. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 130 p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Hollis, J.J.; Matthews, S.; Ottmar, R.D.; Prichard, S.J.; Slijepcevic, A.; Burrows, N.D.; Ward, B.; Tolhurst, K.G.; Anderson, W.R.; Gould, J.S. 2010. Testing woody fuel consumption models for application in Australian southern eucalypt forest fires. Forest Ecology and Management. 260: 948-964.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hollingsworth, L.T.; Kurth, L.L.; Parresol, B.R.; Ottmar, R.D.; Prichard, S.J. 2012. A comparison of geospatially modeled fire behavior and fire management utility of three data sources in the southeastern United States. Forest Ecology and Management. 273: 43-49.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Hudec, J.L.; Peterson, D.L. 2012. Fuel variability following wildfire in forests with mixed severity fire regimes, Cascade Range, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 277: 11-24.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Hyde, J.C.; Smith A.M.S; Ottmar, R.D.; Alvarado C., E; Morgan, P. 2011. The combustion of sound and rotten coarse woody debris: a review. International Journal of Wildland Fire 20: 163-174.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Kennedy, M.C.; Ford, D.E. 2011. Using multicriteria analysis of simulation models to understand complex biological systems. Bioscience. 61(12): 994-1004.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Kennedy, M.C.; Johnson, M.C. 2014. Fuel treatment prescriptions alter spatial patterns of fire severity around the wildland-urban interface during the Wallow Fire, Arizona, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 318: 122-132.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: LyonsTinsley, Christina; Peterson, David L. 2012. Surface fuel treatments in young, regenerating stands affect wildfire severity in a mixed conifer forest, eastside Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 270: 117-125.
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Maranghides, A.; Vihnanek, R.; Restaino, J.; McNamara, D.; Leland, C.; Mell, W. (In Preparation). A Case Study of a Community Affected by the Waldo Fire  Report #1: Event Timeline and Defensive Actions. National Institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note 1796.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Kennedy, M.C.; McKenzie, D. 2010 Using a stochastic model and cross-scale analysis to evaluate controls on historical low-severity fire regimes. Landscape Ecology. 25: 1561-1573.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Larson, A.J., R.T. Belote, C.A. Cansler, S.A. Parks, and M.S. Dietz. 2013. Latent resilience in ponderosa pine forest: effects of resumed frequent fire. Ecological Applications 23:1243-1249.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Mason, L.; White, G.; Morishima, G.; Alvarado, E.; Andrew, L.; Clark, F.; Durglo Sr, M.; Durglo, J.; John Eneas, J.; Erickson, J.; Friedlander, M.; Hamel, K.; Hardy, C.; Harwood, T.; Haven, F.; Isaac, E.; James, L.; Kenning, R.; Leighton, A.; Pierre, P.; Raish, C.; Shaw, B.; Smallsalmon, S.; Stearns, V.; Teasley, H.; Weingart, M.; Wilder, S. 2012. Listening and Learning from Traditional Knowledge and Western Science: A Dialogue on Contemporary Challenges of Forest Health and Wildfire. Journal of Forestry June 2012: 187-193.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: McKenzie, Donald; Kennedy, Maureen C. 2011. Scaling laws and complexity in fire regimes. Chapter 2. In: McKenzie, Donald; Miller, Carol.; Falk, Donald A., Eds. The landscape ecology of fire. Dordrecht, The Netherlands; London, United Kingdom; Heidelberg , Germany; New York, USA: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.: 27-49. (Caldwell, M.M.; Heldmaier, G.; Jackson, R.B.; Lange, O.L.; Mooney, H.A.; Schulze, E.-D; Sommer, U., eds. Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis. volume 213).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: McKenzie, Donald; Kennedy, Maureen C. 2012. Power laws reveal phase transitions in landscape controls of fire regimes. Nature Communications. 7. 726.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: McKenzie, Donald; Raymond, Crystal L.; Cushman, Samuel A. 2009. Modeling understory vegetation and its response to fire. Chapter 15. In: Millspaugh, J.J.; Thompson, F.R., III. Models for planning wildlife conservation in large landscapes. Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier/Academic Press: 391-414.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: McKenzie, D., U. Shankar, R. E. Keane, E. N. Stavros, W. E. Heilman, D. G. Fox, and A. C. Riebau (2014), Smoke consequences of new wildfire regimes driven by climate change, Earth's Future, 2, doi:10.1002/2013EF000180.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Ottmar, Roger D.; Prichard, Susan J. 2012. Fuel treatment effectiveness in forests of the upper Atlantic Coastal Plain -- an evaluation at two spatial scales. Fire Ecology and Management. 273: 17-28.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Ottmar, Roger D.; Wright, Clint S.; Prichard, Susan J. 2009. A suite of fire, fuels, and smoke management tools. Fire Management Today. 69(2): 34-39.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Peterson, David L.; Millar, Connie I.; Joyce, Linda A.; Furniss, Michael J.; Halofsky, Jessica E.; Neilson, Ronald P.; Morelli, Toni Lyn. 2011. Responding to Climate Change on National Forests: A Guidebook for Developing Adaptation Options. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-855. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 109 p.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Peterson, D. L; Halofsky, J. E.; Johnson, M. C. 2011. Managing and adapting to changing fire regimes in a warmer climate. Chapter 10. In: McKenzie, D.; Miller, C.; Falk, D. A., eds. The landscape ecology of fire. Dordrecht, The Netherlands; London, United Kingdom; Heidelberg , Germany; New York, USA: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.: 249-267. (Caldwell, M.M.; Heldmaier, G.; Jackson, R.B.; Lange, O.L.; Mooney, H.A.; Schulze, E.-D; Sommer, U., eds. Ecological Studies: Analysis and Synthesis. Volume 213).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Peterson, D.L.; Lyons-Tinsley, C. 2010. Raising the bar in fire ecology. Book review. Ecology: 91(7): 2186-2187.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Pettinari, M.L.; Ottmar, R.D.; Prichard, S.J.; Andreu, A.G.; Chuvieco, E. 2013. Development and Mapping of Fuel Characteristics and Associated Fire Potentials for South America. International Journal of Wildland Fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WF12137
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Prichard, Susan J., Ze'ev Gedalof, W. Wyatt Oswald, and David L. Peterson. 2009. Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in a montane forest, North Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Quaternary Research 72(1): 57-67.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Prichard, Susan J.; Kennedy, Maureen C. 2012. Fuel treatment effects on tree mortality following wildfire in dry mixed conifer forests, Washington, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 21: 1004-1013.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Prichard, J.; Kennedy, M. C. 2014. Fuel treatments and landform modify landscape patterns of burn severity in an extreme fire. Ecological Applications. 24(3): 571-590.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Prichard, Susan J.; Peterson, David L.; Jacobson, Kyle. 2010. Fuel treatments reduce the severity of wildfire effects in dry mixed conifer forest, Washington, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 40(8): 1615-1626.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Prichard, S.J.; Sandberg, D.V.; Ottmar, R.D.; Eberhardt, E.; Andreu, A.; Eagle, P.; Swedin, K. 2013. .Fuel Characteristic Classification System Version 3.0: Technical Documentation. -- Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-887. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Portland, Oregon. 79 p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Raymond, Crystal L.; McKenzie, Donald. 2013. Comparing algorithms for estimating foliar biomass of conifers in the Pacific Northwest. Research Paper PNW-RP-595. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 23 p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Raymond, Crystal L.; McKenzie, Donald. 2012. Carbon dynamics of forests in Washington, USA: 21st century projections based on climate-driven changes in fire regimes. Ecological Applications. 22(5): 1589-1611.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2013 Citation: Restaino, J. C.; Peterson, D. L. 2013. Wildfire and fuel treatment effects on forest carbon dynamics in the western United States. Forest Ecology and Management. 303: 46-60.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: Sample, V. Aleric; Halofsky, Jessica E.; Peterson, David L. 2014. US strategy for forest management adaptation to climate chnage: building a framework for decision making. Annals of Forest Science. 71: 125-130.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Soares Neto, T.G.; Carvalho Jr., J.; Veras, C.A.G.; Alvarado, E.C.; Gielow, R.; Lincoln, E.N.; Christian, T.J.; Yokelson, R.J.; Santos, J.C. 2009. Biomass Consumption and CO2, CO and Main Hydrocarbon Gas Emissions in an Amazonian Forest Clearing Fire. Atmospheric Environment 43: 438-446.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stavros, E.N., J. Abatzoglou, N.A. Larkin, D. McKenzie, and A. Steel. (in press) Climate and very large wildland fires in the contiguous Western USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stavros, E.N., D. McKenzie, and N.A. Larkin. (in press). The climate-wildfire-air quality system: interactions and feedbacks across spatial and temporal scales. WIREs Climate Change.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2014 Citation: Stavros, E.N., J. Abatzoglou, N.A. Larkin, and D. McKenzie. (in revision). Regional projections of the likelihood of very large wildland fires under a changing climate in the contiguous Western United States. Climatic Change.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: McKenzie, D., U. Shankar, R.E. Keane, E.N. Stavros, W.E. Heilman, D.G. Fox, and A.C. Riebau. 2014. Smoke consequences of new fire regimes driven by climate change. Earth4. Smoke c DOI 10.1002/2013EF000180.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2014 Citation: van Leeuwen, T. T., van der Werf, G. R., Hoffmann, A. A., Detmers, R. G., R�cker, G., French, N. H. F., Archibald, S., Carvalho Jr., J. A., Cook, G. D., de Groot, W. J., H�ly, C., Kasischke, E. S., Kloster, S., McCarty, J. L., Pettinari, M. L., Savadogo, P., Alvarado, E. C., Boschetti, L., Manuri, S., Meyer, C. P., Siegert, F., Trollope, L. A., and Trollope, W. S. W.: Biomass burning fuel consumption rates: a field measurement database, Biogeosciences Discuss., 11, 8115-8180, doi:10.5194/bgd-11-8115-2014, 2014.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Vihnanek, R.E.; Balog, C.S.; Wright, C.S.; Ottmar, R.D.; Kelly, J.W. 2009. Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels. Volume XII: Post-hurricane fuels in forests of the Southeast United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-803. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 53 p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2009 Citation: Wright, C.S.; Balog, C.S.; Kelly, J.W. 2009. Estimating volume, biomass, and potential emissions of hand-piled fuels. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-805. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 23 p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Wright, C.S.; Eagle, P.C.; Balog, C.S. 2010. Characterizing hand-piled fuels. Fire Management Today. 70(3): 16-18.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Wright, C.S.; Eagle, P.C.; Olson, D.L. 2010. A high-quality fuels database of photos and information. Fire Management Today. 70(3): 27-31
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Wright, C.S.; Vihnanek, R.E.; Restaino, J.C.; Dvorak, J.E. 2012. Photo series for quantifying natural fuels. Volume XI: eastern Oregon sagebrush-steppe and northern spotted owl nesting habitat in the Pacific Northwest. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-878. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 85 p.
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2014 Citation: Katherine H. Wyatt, Ernesto Alvarado, David Peterson, Richy Harrod, Paul Hessburg (in Preparation). Riparian Vegetation Structure and Composition in the FireProne Ecosystem of Eastern Washington.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, Ernesto. 2011. Fire management policies: new fire regimes and the challenge of climate change. Invited talk presented at the International Seminar on Evaluation of Public Forest Policies. August 4-5, 2011. Mexico City.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, Ernesto. 2011. Mega fires from a climate change perspective. Invited talk presented at the IX EXPO Forestal Opportunities on control of mega fires and effects of climate change. September 22-25, 2011. Mexico City.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, E., L. Mason, A. Leighton, G. White, G. Morishima, J. Durglo, J. Erickson, L. James, E. Isaac. 2011. Integration and Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Modern Science for Wildland Fire Management in Tribal Lands in North America. In. Proceeding of the 5th International Wildland Fire Conference, 9-13 May 2011. Sun City, South Africa.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, Ernesto. 2011. Evolving research partnerships between tribes and the University of Washington: Integration of traditional ecological knowledge and science for wildland fire management in tribal lands. 35th. Intertribal Timber Council Symposium, Carlton, MN 9-13 June 2011.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, Ernesto. 2011. Management of New Fire Regimes and the challenge of Climate Change. Invited talk presented in the Session: Climate Change and Wildland Fire Management. 5th South American Forest Fire Symposium. April 11-12, 2011. Campinas, SP, Brazil.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, E., L. Mason, A. Leighton, G. White, G. Morishima, J. Durglo, J. Erickson, L. James, E. Isaac. 2011. Integration and Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Modern Science for Wildland Fire Management in Tribal Lands in North America. In. FAO (2011). FAO at the V International Wildland Fire Conference, Sun City, South Africa (9-13 May 2011). Fire Management Working Paper 27. www.fao.org/forestry/firemanagement/en/. Rome, Italy
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2011 Citation: Alvarado, E., J. Andrade de Carvalho Jr., C.A. Gurgel Veras, J.C. Santos, T. Soares Neto. 2011. Smoke Emissions, Spread of Understory Fires and Mortality in Adjacent Areas to Deforestation Burns in Amazonia. Presented at the V South American Symposium and 9th Technical Meeting of FUPEF/SIF/IPEF on Wildfires. April 11-12, 2011. Curitiba, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2010 Citation: Cassell, B.; Alvarado, E., Heyerdahl, E.; Perez-Salicrup, D.; Jardel-Pel�ez, E. 2010. Climate change and fire regimes in the Sierra de Manantl�n, M�xico. In. Proceedings of 3rd Fire Behavior and Fuels Conference, October 25-29, 2010, Spokane, Washington, USA. Published by the International Association of Wildland Fire, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2012 Citation: Ernesto Alvarado, Carlos Gurgel, Joao Andrade, Turibio S. Neto, Fernando Costa. 2012. Modeling of Fuel Consumption & Emissions, and Temporal & Spatial Variability: Smoldering Combustion and Emissions. EPA. February 7, 2012. Wildland Fire PM Emission Factor Workshop. Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center. 61 Forsyth St. SW, Atlanta, GA 30303.