Progress 10/01/13 to 06/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The Target Audiences would be poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three (3) veterinarians, Elizabeth Dale, Sarah Tilley and Thomas Gaydos, are being trained in the specialized field of Poultry Medicine. They will receive the Masters of Avian Medicine degree. The primary collaborating poultry companies have been Harrison Poultry, Fieldale Farms, Pilgrim’s Pride, and Latham Farms. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue program as described above as disease conditions arise.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
There are significant concerns among the human health community regarding the potential to transfer antimicrobial resistance genes from food animal bacteria to human bacteria. If this occurs in poultry it would most likely be from one of two foodborne illness causing bacteria – Salmonella and/or Campylobacter. A study was conducted looking at the antimicrobial resistance profile of these two bacteria isolated from broiler chickens and meat turkey farms the last week before slaughter. From 400 samples it was found that 53% of the 86 Salmonella isolated were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents with only 5% resistant to 5 or more antimicrobials. Of the 287 Campylobacter isolated, 50% were susceptible to all antimicrobials and only 8% resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. Further work was also done to determine what interventions on the farm could help to reduce the level of Salmonella and Campylobacter, thus reducing not only foodborne illness risk but risk of exposure to those bacteria that may transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to humans.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tilly, S., Baker, S., Berrang, M., Berghaus, R., Gaydos, T., Hofacre, C. Chitosan Arginine as a Biofilm-reducing Water Line Treatment. Presentation at the Western Poultry Disease Conference; Puerto Vallarta Mexico. April 2-4, 2014.
Dale, E. Pathogenesis of Two Variant Reoviruses from Clinical Cases of Tenosynovitis. Presentation at the Western Poultry Disease Conference; Puerto Vallarta Mexico. April 2-4, 2014.
Gaydos, T. J. and J. A. Smith. On Farm evaluation of hatchery induced lameness in commercial broilers. The Emerald Coast Veterinary Conference. June 21, 2014.
Dale, E., C. L. Hofacre and S. Nolan. Pest populations and Campylobacter. The Emerald Coast Veterinary Conference. June 21, 2014.
|
Progress 07/01/09 to 06/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The Target Audiences would be poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three (3) veterinarians, Elizabeth Dale, Sarah Tilley and Thomas Gaydos, are being trained in the specialized field of Poultry Medicine. They will receive the Masters of Avian Medicine degree. The primary collaborating poultry companies have been Harrison Poultry, Fieldale Farms, Pilgrim’s Pride, and Latham Farms. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
There are significant concerns among the human health community regarding the potential to transfer antimicrobial resistance genes from food animal bacteria to human bacteria. If this occurs in poultry it would most likely be from one of two foodborne illness causing bacteria – Salmonella and/or Campylobacter. A study was conducted looking at the antimicrobial resistance profile of these two bacteria isolated from broiler chickens and meat turkey farms the last week before slaughter. From 400 samples it was found that 53% of the 86 Salmonella isolated were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents with only 5% resistant to 5 or more antimicrobials. Of the 287 Campylobacter isolated, 50% were susceptible to all antimicrobials and only 8% resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. Further work was also done to determine what interventions on the farm could help to reduce the level of Salmonella and Campylobacter, thus reducing not only foodborne illness risk but risk of exposure to those bacteria that may transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to humans.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Tilly, S., Baker, S., Berrang, M., Berghaus, R., Gaydos, T., Hofacre, C. Chitosan Arginine as a Biofilm-reducing Water Line Treatment. Presentation at the Western Poultry Disease Conference; Puerto Vallarta Mexico. April 2-4, 2014.
Dale, E. Pathogenesis of Two Variant Reoviruses from Clinical Cases of Tenosynovitis. Presentation at the Western Poultry Disease Conference; Puerto Vallarta Mexico. April 2-4, 2014.
Gaydos, T. J. and J. A. Smith. On Farm evaluation of hatchery induced lameness in commercial broilers. The Emerald Coast Veterinary Conference. June 21, 2014.
Dale, E., C. L. Hofacre and S. Nolan. Pest populations and Campylobacter. The Emerald Coast Veterinary Conference. June 21, 2014.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The Target Audiences would be poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? 3 Veterinarians, Elise Myers, Chad Malinak and Yun-ting Wang were trained in the specialty of Poultry Medicine and received their Master of Avian Medicine degree. The primary collaborating companies were Pilgrim’s Pride, Fieldale Farms and Harrison Poultry. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue program as described above as disease conditions arise.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The bacterial disease MS can be transmitted from the hen to her offspring causing respiratory disease in the broilers leading to death or condemnation in the processing plant. It was found that use of the antibiotic Chlortetracycline could reduce the spread of the disease in the parents which will help decrease severity of this disease in the broilers. On another project, consumers are wanting more chicken that has been grown without antibiotics. To accomplish this requires the use of a coccidia vaccine. The work to find different breed crosses of broiler chickens that are less susceptible to coccidiosis will help the broiler producers prevent this disease and the sequelace, necrotic enteritis, more successfully by using vaccines instead of antibiotics.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Mendoza-Reilley, A.; Burleson, M. A.; Mozisek, B. M.; Hofacre, C. Aspergillosis and High Mortality in a Broiler Breeder Flock. American Association of Avian Pathologists 2013 Annual Meeting. July 21, 2013.
Malinak, C. M.; Hofacre, C. L.; Mathis, G.; Berghaus, R.; Myers, E. A.; Wang, Y. Comparison of the Susceptibility to Eimeria maxima in Different Commercial Lines of Broiler Chickens. American Association of Avian Pathologists 2013 Annual Meeting. July 21, 2013.?
Wang, Y.; Palomino, V.; Cheng, S.; Garcia, M.; Zavala, G. Protective Efficacy of Complete and Fractionated Doses of Recombinant Herpesvirus-Vectored Vaccines Against Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Commercial Broilers. American Association of Avian Pathologists 2013 Annual Meeting. July 22, 2013.
Myers, E. A.; Ferguson-Noel, N.; Zavala, G.; Laibinis, V.; Wooten, R.; Durairaj, V.; Malinak, C. M.; Wang, Y. Impact of In-Feed Chlortetracycline on Prevention of Infection and Horizontal Transmission of Mycoplasm a syoviae. American Association of Avian Pathologists 2013 Annual Meeting. July 23, 2013.
|
Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project were to investigate the poultry health issues and determine solutions for poultry producers. This work is done in conjunction with the applied training of the Master of Avian Medicine students. There were several farms that local poultry companies designated as "problem farms". These were farms that the farmer did not have any obvious disease or husbandry issues. One of the clinicians and the 3 MAM students were able to identify and recommend corrections for these issues by repeated visits, methodical sample collection to rule out diseases and environmental monitoring. There were also research projects performed by these students that resulted in 7 presentations at state, national and one international meeting. One of the major disease outbreaks this past year was a respiratory virus, vaccine caused infectious, laryngotracheitis. The chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine was found to be easily spread from flock to flock and can survive to spread to other farms. As the USDA-FSIS begins new regulations for the foodborne illness, Campylobacter, we studied whether this bacteria can be passed from the hen to her broiler chick through the egg. It was found in this work that this did not occur and with very good biosecurity we can prevent the introduction of Campylobacter into an experimental broiler flock. PARTICIPANTS: 3 Veterinarians, Peter OKane, Denise Brinson and Rodrigo Espinosa, were trained in the speciality of Poultry Medicine and received their Master of Avian degree. The primary collaborating companies were Pilgrim's Pride, Fieldale Farms and Harrison Poultry. TARGET AUDIENCES: The Target Audiences would be poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
It was found that the live vaccine chicken embryo origin (CEO) used to prevent the severe clinical illness and death from infection of chickens with the infectious laryngotracheitis virus can lead to disease in naive chickens. This vaccine can survive for long periods in a chicken flock and can be a source of spread to other flocks. When USDA-FSIS begin to regulate the level of Campylobacter in broiler chicken processing plants the broiler industry will need to better understand how to prevent this bacteria from getting into their chickens. This work found that excellent disease prevention called "biosecurity" could keep Campylobacter from infecting a flock of broiler chickens to the end of grow out.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
|
Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project were to investigate the poultry health issues and determine solutions for poultry producers. This work is done in conjunction with the applied training of the Master of Avian Medicine students. There were several farms that local poultry companies designated as "problem farms." These were farms that the farmer did not have any obvious disease or husbandry issues. One of the clinicians and the 3 MAM students were able to identify and recommend corrections for these issues by repeated visits, methodical sample collection to rule out diseases and environmental monitoring. There were also research projects performed by these students that resulted in 7 presentations at state, national and one international meeting. One of the major disease outbreaks this past year was a respiratory virus, vaccine caused infectious, laryngotracheitis. The chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine was found to be easily spread from flock to flock and can survive to spread to other farms. As the USDA-FSIS begins new regulations for the foodborne illness, Campylobacter, we studied whether this bacteria can be passed from the hen to her broiler chick through the egg. It was found in this work that this did not occur and with very good biosecurity we can prevent the introduction of Campylobacter into an experimental broiler flock. PARTICIPANTS: 3 Veterinarians, Peter O'Kane, Denise Brinson and Rodrigo Espinosa, were trained in the speciality of Poultry Medicine and received their Master of Avian degree. The primary collaborating companies were Pilgrim's Pride, Fieldale Farms and Harrison Poultry. TARGET AUDIENCES: The Target Audiences would be poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
It was found that the live vaccine chicken embryo origin (CEO) used to prevent the severe clinical illness and death from infection of chickens with the infectious laryngotracheitis virus can lead to disease in naive chickens. This vaccine can survive for long periods in a chicken flock and can be a source of spread to other flocks. When USDA-FSIS begin to regulate the level of Campylobacter in broiler chicken processing plants the broiler industry will need to better understand how to prevent this bacteria from getting into their chickens. This work found that excellent disease prevention called "biosecurity" could keep Campylobacter from infecting a flock of broiler chickens to the end of grow out.
Publications
- Espinosa, R.; Chen, S.; Zavala, G.; Brinson, D.; and O'Kane, P. Detection of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infection in broiler breeder pullets by non-conventional methods. Poultry Science Associaton & American Association of Avian Pathologists 2011 Annual Meeting. July 18, 2011.
- O'Kane*, P.; Thayer, S. G.; Brinson, D. L.; Espinosa, R. A.; Cox, N. A.; Berghaus, R.; Lee, M. D.; and Hofacre, C. L. Detection of natural campylobacter colonization in experimentally reared broiler chickens from a positive commercial breeder flock. Poultry Science Association & American Association of Avian Pathologists 2011 Annual Meeting. July 18, 2011.
- Brinson, D. L.; Garcia, M.; Zavala, G.; Riblet, S.; Chappell, L.; Dufour-Zavala, L.; Vagnozzi, A.; O'Kane, P.; and Espinosa, R. Tracking infectious laryngotracheitis CEO Vaccine: Field to processing. Poultry Science Association & American Association of Avian Pathologists 2011 Annual Meeting. July 17, 2011.
- *Note: Peter O'Kane awarded student travel scholarship to present this work at the 16th International Workshop on Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related organisms. August, 2011. Vancouver, Canada.
|
Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project were to investigate the poultry health issues and determine solutions for the poultry producers. The work was also done in conjunction with the training of the Master of Avian Medicine students. There were several farms that local poultry companies designated as "problem farms." These were farms that did not have an obvious disease or husbandry issue. The clinician and the 2 MAM students were able to identify the issues on these farms as primarily husbandry and help correct the situation. There were also research studies completed by the MAM students resulting in 4 presentations at state and national veterinary medical meetings. Some of the health issues that were addressed this past year were the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from outbreaks in broiler breeders. Also, work to determine the effectiveness of a live vaccine for prevention of salmonella infections in layers. Additionally, work was done to determine the best location to inject inactivated vaccines in broiler breeder chickens to give maximum immunity with the least side effects. This work was prompted because the USDA inspectors were condemning a large number of spent breeders that had been injected in the breast muscle. A final project was to determine if use of an inactivated chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) vaccine would improve the protection in broiler offspring from the vaccinated breeders. CIAV is a disease that can severely affect a broiler chicken's immune system and make them more susceptible to other diseases. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Poultry producer companies, poultry veterinarians, and poultry husbandry professionals PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
It was found that vaccination of breeders in the thigh muscle gave as good a protection as vaccination in the breast muscle and did not result in any lameness. This allows producers to vaccinate in a location that will not affect the value of the most valuable piece of meat, the breast muscle. The work on evaluating MS isolates found that the new strains were more pathogenic and more easily transmitted from bird to bird than the previously isolated strains. The use of the CIAV inactivated vaccine in the breeders did not appear to provide enough additional protection to justify the added cost of this additional vaccine.
Publications
- Parker, W.D., Lungu, B., Berghaus, R.D., Sellers, H.S., Alvarado, I.R., and Hofacre, C.L. 2011. Comparison of read-time PCR with convnetional PCR and culture to assess the efficacy of a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine against Salmonella enterica serovar E. enteritidis in commercial leghorn chicks vaccinated under fild and laboratory conditions. Accepted Avian Diseases.
- There were also published abstracts in the Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Veterinay Medical Association in Atlanta, Georgia. The titles of these abstracts were:
- Armour*, Natalie K., Gustin, Scott J., and Collett, Stepen R. 2010. Evaluation of the pathogenic and transmissibility of two recent Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from Arkansas.
- Parker, William A., Zavala, Guillermo and Barbosa, Taylor. 2010. Vaccination against chicken infectious anemia virus in broiler breeders using inactivated Reovirus/infectious bursal disease vaccines and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants.
- *Note: Natalie Armour received the Reed Rumsey Student Award from the AAAP for this and her earlier work. 2010.
|
Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The objectives of this project were to investigate the poultry health issues and determine solutions for the poultry producers. The work was also done in conjunction with the training of the Master of Avian Medicine students. There were several farms that local poultry companies designated as "problem farms." These were farms that did not have an obvious disease of husbandry issue. The clinician and the 2 MAM students were able to identify the issues on these farms as primarily husbandry and help correct the situation. There were also research studies completed by the MAM students resulting in 4 presentations at state and national veterinary medical meetings. Some of the health issues that were addressed this past year were a study to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 new recombinant vaccines for a herpes viral disease of broilers that causes significant mortality in chickens called infectious laryngotracheitis. A second study was done to determine the effects of an unknown enteric disease on the immune organs of broilers. This disease called Runting and Stunting Syndrome has made an extreme economic hardship for the broiler industry of Georgia and is spreading throughout the Southeastern broiler producing states. PARTICIPANTS: Not relevant to this project. TARGET AUDIENCES: Poultry producer companies, poultry veterinarians, and poultry husbandry professionals PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The disease Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a significant cause of mortality and lost income to the broiler industry. Two recombinant vaccines are available for use by injection at 1 day of age. However, no work had been done to show if these products are effective if given to embryos by in ovo vaccination. This work demonstrated these 2 vaccines can be safely and effectively given by this method as found by Dr. Johnson's work. Dr. El-Gazzar's work with the Runting and Stunting Syndrome (RSS) demonstrated that this as yet unknown agent does indeed affect more than just the intestines of the broilers exposed to the agents. Understanding what the disease is targeting and its effects on the birds may help us to provide supportive measures to help the chicks recover while we wait for the microbiologists to identify the exact cause of this disease.
Publications
- There were no papers accepted yet for publication in a refeered journal from this work. There were published abstracts in the Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association in Seattle, Washington. The titles of these abstracts were:
- Development of histopathological changes associated with runting and stunting syndrome by Mohamed El-Gazzar, Holly Sellers, Egbert Mundt, Susan Williams, Stephen Collett. 2009.
- Evaluation of recombinant vector-vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) under experimental conditions by Deirdre I. Johnson, Maricarmen Garcia, Guillermo Zavala. 2009.
|
|