Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: Industrial partners in the area of biosensors and bionanotechnology. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training for graduate research assistants in the areas of nanostructure fabrication, surface studies, chemical and morphology characterization, enzyme encapsulation into nanostructures, and enzyme activity measurement. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Dissemination to potential industrial partners for nanobiosensor development, including Hydrosson Materials and Medtronic Diabetes. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We demonstrated control in the composition and properties of the hydrogel deposited on aligned carbon nanotubes. In addition, the hydrogel enables the aligned nanotubes to have the desired wettability for biosensor applications. We also tested the feasibility of using the vapor-deposited hydrogel for enzyme encapsulation and demonstrated retention of high enzyme activity after the encapsulation process. The completed studies position us well to undertake further work towards the development of novel nanotube biosensors.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Assembled carbon nanotube arrays offer an ideal platform for miniaturized sensor devices, owing to the exceptional electrical properties and the ordered structure. For sensing applications, surface functionalization is critical, as it not only provides the functionality needed for detecting analytes such as pesticides and nerve agents, but also improves the surface biocompatibility. Most solution-based functionalization resulted in the collapse of nanotube alignment during the wetting and drying processes. We worked on vapor-based functionalization of assembled carbon nanotubes without altering the original nanotube alignment. We functionalized carbon nanotubes with intelligent hydrogels that respond to the change of pH in the surroundings. The vapor deposition method allowed excellent preservation of the hydrogel functionality and control of the hydrogel thickness at sub-100 nm level. The ultrathin hydrogel coatings imparted pH-responsiveness to the nanotubes and significantly enhanced the surface wettability. To the best of our knowledge to date, our work is the first to use vapor deposition for functionalization of carbon nanotube arrays with pH-responsive hydrogels. PARTICIPANTS: Principal Investigator: Yu (Jessie) Mao Graduate Research Assistant: Qing Song Graduate Research Assistant: Bin Zhi TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Rapid detection of chemicals and pathogens is urgently needed to ensure food and agriculture biosecurity. Using carbon nanotubes as the sensor substrates can advance our capability in fabricating novel biosensors with rapid response time and enhanced sensitivity. Our study on fabricating hydrogel-carbon nanotube arrays can significantly impact the device development of aligned carbon nanotubes and contribute to carbon nanotube-based biosensing. In addition, our work on studying nanomaterial-based biosensing will directly contribute to signal enhancement and device miniaturization of biosensors
Publications
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, H., Ren, Z. Hybrid Structure of pH-responsive Hydrogel and Carbon Nanotube Array with Superwettability, Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22, 2449 (2012). Mao, Y. Dual-responsive Hydrogel Nanocoatings for Smart Nanovalves, 9th World Biomaterials Congress. Chengdu, China, June 2012.
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Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Carbon nanotubes with defined functionality have important applications in biosensors. For example, assembled carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the detection sensitivity of pesticides and nerve agents. We worked on vapor-based functionalization of aligned carbon nanotubes without altering the original nanotube alignment. The vapor process allows modification of ultra-small nanotubes with various functionalities at the molecular level. We developed a simple method to transfer the functionalized nanotubes to other devices with enhanced mechanical robustness for direct fabrication of nanosensors. We also functionalized aligned carbon nanotubes with intelligent hydrogels that respond to the change of pH in the surroundings. The hydrogel functionalization resulted in responses of carbon nanotubes triggered by signals in the environment. The research results were highlighted in the well-recognized Journal of Materials Chemistry. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Rapid detection of chemicals and pathogens is urgently needed to ensure food and agriculture biosecurity. Using carbon nanotubes as the sensor substrates can advance our capability in fabricating novel biosensors with rapid response time and enhanced sensitivity. Our research findings build a foundation for future work in the area of carbon nanotube-based biosensing. In addition, our work on studying nanomaterial-based biosensing will directly contribute to signal enhancement and device miniaturization of biosensors.
Publications
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, H., Ren, Z. Hybrid Structure of pH-responsive Hydrogel and Carbon Nanotube Array with Superwettability, Journal of Materials Chemistry. DOI:10.1039/C1JM14547A (2011).
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, F., Lu, H., Qu, L., Dai, L. Solvent-free Functionalization and Transfer of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes with Vapor-deposited Polymer Nanocoatings, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 837 (2011).
- Ye, Y., Song, Q., Mao, Y. Solventless Hybrid Grafting of Antimicrobial Polymers for Self-sterilizing Surfaces, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 13188 (2011).
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y. Vapor-based Synthesis of Ultrathin Hydrogel Coatings for Thermo Responsive Nanovalves, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 7946 (2011).
- Mao, Y. Cellulase Immobilization on Nano-carriers for Reuse in Cellulose Hydrolysis, 2011 ASABE Annual Meeting, Louisville, KY, August 2011.
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y. Vapor-based Synthesis of Hydrogel Coatings for Dual-Responsive Nanovalves, 2011 Pentasectional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Bartlesville, OK, March 2011.
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Progress 10/01/09 to 09/30/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the research project of DNA sensor for pathogen detection, we have continued our research activities in isothermal DNA amplification for concentration enhancement. With the novel design of probe DNA and the amplification scheme, we demonstrated the 108-amplification of E. coli O157: H7 fliC gene. The isothermal amplification reaction was conducted and monitored using real-time fluorescence measurement. The amplified DNAs were detected using gel electrophoresis. We have preliminarily tested the feasibility of using this isothermal amplification for DNA enrichment on nanoparticles. For the research project of nanotube-based biosensor, we primarily focused on the controlled transfer of aligned carbon nanotubes. A vapor deposition method was used to coat nanotubes and the target substrate with an ultrathin polymer layer. The coated nanotubes were transferred using a mild flip-over method. The structure and properties of the resulting nanostructure were investigated extensively. Our results demonstrated that we could maintain the nanotube alignment, nanostructure porosity and electrical properties after the transferring process. In addition, we demonstrated significant improvement of the mechanical robustness in the transferred nanotubes. These studies paved the way for the fabrication of nanotube-modified sensors. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Rapid detection of pathogens and chemicals is urgently needed to ensure food safety and agriculture biosecurity. Using carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles as the sensor substrates can advance our capability in fabricating novel biosensors with rapid response time and enhanced sensitivity. Our work on studying these two nanomaterials will directly contribute to signal enhancement and device miniaturization of biosensors. The study on DNA amplification will provide an alternative to polymerase chain reaction for isolation and measurement of target DNAs.
Publications
- Ye, Y., Mao, Y., Wang, F., Lu, H., Qu, L., and Dai, L. Solvent-free Functionalization and Transfer of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes with Vapor-deposited Polymer Nanocoatings. 2010. Journal of Materials Chemistry. DOI: 10.1039/C0JM02506B.
- Ye, Y., Song, Q., Mao, Y. Single-step Fabrication of Non-leaching Antibacterial Surfaces Using Vapor Crosslinking. 2010. Journal of Materials Chemistry. DOI: 10.1039/C0JM02578J.
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y., Song, Q. Vapor Deposition of Functionally Graded Polymer Nanocoatings, 2010 AICHE Annual Conference Abstract, Salt Lake City, UT.
- Mao, Y., Song, Q. Enzyme Immobilization on Nanoparticles for Reuse in Cellulosic Ethanol Conversion, 2010 AICHE Annual Conference Abstract, Salt Lake City, UT.
- Ye, Y. Mao, Y., Synthesis of Functionally Graded Nanocoatings Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition, 2010 Annual ACS Pentasectional Meeting Abstract, Norman, OK.
- Ye, Y. Mao, Y., Responsive Hydrogel Coatings at the Nanoscale Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition, 2010 Oklahoma NanoTechnology Initiative Meeting Abstract, Midwest City, OK.
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Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: For the research project of DNA sensor for pathogen detection, we have research activities in two directions: 1) Signal amplification using nanoparticles. We have successfully modified sensor substrates with ZnO nanoparticles using silane chemistry and an annealing protocol. The morphology of the nanoparticle-modified sensor surfaces was studied, and the fluorescence enhancement was demonstrated. 2) DNA concentration enhancement using rapid isothermal amplification. We designed probe DNAs with a central sequence complimentary to that of the target DNA, and an upper amplifier sequence. The fliC gene of E. coli O157: H7 strain was used as the target DNA. The isothermal amplification reaction was conducted and monitored using real-time fluorescence measurement. The amplified DNAs were detected using electrophoresis. We have preliminarily proved the feasibility of using this isothermal amplification for DNA concentration enrichment. For the research project of nanotube-based biosensor, we primarily focused on functionalization of aligned carbon nanotubes. A vapor deposition method was used to functionalize nanotubes with an ultrathin layer on their sidewalls. Different functionalities, including epoxy, carboxyl, and hydrogel layers, have been incorporated onto the aligned nanotubes. The electrical and mechanical properties of the functionalized nanotube arrays have been investigated. Our results demonstrated that we can selectively control the electronic state, surface functionality, porosity, and mechanical robustness of the aligned nanotubes after functionalization. These investigations paved the way for the fabrication of nanotube-modified sensor electrodes. PARTICIPANTS: Principal Investigator: Yu (Jessie) Mao Research Engineer: Yumin Ye Graduate Research Assistant: Qing Song TARGET AUDIENCES: Food safety and biosecurity agencies Food manufacturing industry Industrial groups of biodetection PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Rapid detection of pathogens and chemicals is urgently needed to ensure food safety and agriculture biosecurity. Using ZnO nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes as the sensor substrates can advance our capability in fabricating novel biosensors with fast response time and improved sensitivity. Our work on studying these two nanomaterials will directly contribute to signal enhancement and device miniaturization of biosensors. The study on DNA amplification will provide an alternative to polymerase chain reaction for isolation and measurement of target DNA sequences.
Publications
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y. Carbon nanotube arrays with defined surface chemistry for biosensor applications, 2009 ASABE Annual Meeting Abstract, Reno, NV.
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y. Nanocoatings for functionalization of carbon nanotube and nanoporous alumina membranes, 2009 NanoTech Conference Abstract, Houston, TX.
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y., Song, Q. Surface engineering of carbon nanotube arrays, 2009 Oklahoma NSF EPSCoR Annual Conference Abstract (invited), Oklahoma City, OK.
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y., Song, Q. Controlled transfer of aligned carbon nanotube-polymer nanostructures, 2009 AICHE Annual Conference Abstract, Nashville, TN.
- Mao, Y., Ye, Y., Song, Q. Vapor-phase functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, 2009 AICHE Annual Conference Abstract, Nashville, TN.
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