Progress 12/15/02 to 12/14/04
Outputs
A two-year USDA Grant (2003-35504-12950)was awarded beginning 12/02 ending 12/04. A number of presentations, abstracts, and papers have been presented, published and are in the process of publication. A variety of posters have also been presented on this work. In 2003, the research was presented at the 1) ACS National Meeting in New York, 2) ICE Coatings Meeting in Philadelphia, PA, 3) Polymers for Advanced Technologies Symposium in Florida, 4) Gordon Conference On Coatings, in New Hampshire. In 2004, there were presentations at the 1) ICE Coatings Conference in Chicago and 2) Mid-Year Symposium in Orlando, Fl. Five articles that have been published thusfar and four are in the publication process. There are several positive results from this grant that are highlighted in each of these 9 publications. First of all, both the proposed new modified linseed oils were prepared. The norbornylene modified linseed oil was prepared in rather high yield up to 50 % of the alkenes
(double bonds) reacted. The percentage of modification could be controlled from~2 % up to 50 %. The cyclohexene modification was quite a bit more difficult. The reactivity of the butadiene was sluggish, however, we still managed to afford a ~5 % reactivity, similar to a level reported in a commercial product diluin. Factors which influenced the formation of inorganic/organic hybrid materials were studied. It was found that besides the relative reactivity between the phases that the coupling agent also played a role. The UV-curing of the inorganic/organic hybrid systems was different from the thermally cured systems in terms of morphology. A bimodal distribution of inorganic phase was observed for UV-curable system when a weak coupling agent was used in conjunction with a slowly reacting sol-gel precursor. When a faster reacting sol-gel precursor was used a unimodal distribution with nanosized (~2-5 nm) inorganic phase was observed.
Impacts
The development of new modified linseed oil based materials has great importance with respect to non-petroleum chemical feedstocks. The chemistry has been developed for norborylized linseed oil which can then be epoxidized or react autoxidatively. The development of the norborylized and cyclohexylized linseed oil results in coatings which have better overall coatings properties, less yellowing, and faster reactivity. When a titanium sol-gel precursor was used, after UV-curing an inorganic/organic hybrid material was made which blocked all the UV-light and was transparent to visible light. This material has valuable usage as a abrasion resistant UV-blocking coating for plastic substrates, in particular polycarbonate.
Publications
- Soucek, M.D.; Johnson, A.H.; Wegner, J.M. Ternary Evaluation of UV-Curable Seed Oil Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Coatings Using Experimental Design Prog. Org. Coat., 2004, Vol. 5(4), 300.
- Zou, K; Soucek, M.D. UV-Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrid film Coatings Based on Epoxidized Cyclohexene Derivatized Linseed Oil Macro. Chem. Phys., 2004, 204(15), 2032.
- Zong, Z.; Soucek, M.D.; Liu, Y.; Hu, J. Cationic Photopolymerization of Epoxynorborane Linseed Oils: The Effect of Diluents J. Poly. Sci:. Part A, 2003, 41, 3440.
- Chen, J.; Soucek, M.D. Epoxidation of Partially Norbornylized Linseed Oil, 2002, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 203, 2042.
- Chen, J.; Soucek, M.D.; Simonsick, W.J.; Celikay, R.W. Preparation and Photopolymerization of Norbornyl Epoxidized Linseed Oil, Polymer, 2002, 40(20), 5379.
|