Progress 10/01/01 to 09/30/06
Outputs
Dr. McDaniel retired August 31, 2006. No further work was done on this project.
Impacts
No further impact to report
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Flower production during spring 2005 of Glossy Abelia (Abelia grandiflora) was increased by the previous spring application of the growth limiting chemical uniconizol as a foliar spray at 0-40 mg/liter to young shoots under container nursery conditions. Supplemental sprays of either ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) at 0, 1000, or 3000 mg/liter or N-6-benzylamino purine (BAP-10) at 0 or 1000 mg/liter were applied two weeks following uniconizole treatments. Treatments that enhanced new secondary shoots during summer 2004 also provided greater flower production the following spring, when compared with both untreated and pruned controls. Both branching and flowering of Glossy Abelia were enhanced by the additional foliar application of ethephon at 3000 mg/liter following the uniconazol treatment at 20-30 mg/liter. The growth limiting and pruning chemical Atrimmec [Dikegulac Sodium, sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-a-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic
acid] at 0-20 mg/liter was foliar applied to Noble holly (Ilex crenata Noble) containerized liners in Early May 2005. Two weeks following dikegulac treatment, the following growth regulators were applied to enhance branching of Noble holly: ethephon at 0, 1000, or 3000 mg/liter or N-6-benzylamino purine (BAP-10) at 0 or 1000 mg/liter. Dikegulac limited growth and enhanced branching at all rates tested. The additional application of either ethephon at 3000 mg/liter or N-6-benzylamino purine at 1000 mg/liter further increased branching of the holly liners.
Impacts
Nursery producers of landscape plants will realize cost savings from effective chemical control of growth of their products. Consumers demand shrub products that are uniformly shaped and densely branched for attractive landscape plantings. These plants are currently manually pruned to achieve this goal and at a high cost to producers. Use of chemical methods to prune and promote greater branching of these plants can alleviate the high labor costs of production and still satisfy consumer demand for quality plants.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Spring application of the growth limiting chemical uniconazol was applied either as a medium drench at 1-4 mg/3.8 liter pot or foliar spray at 10-40 mg/liter to the young shoots of selected ornamental crops under container nursery conditions. Two weeks following uniconazole treatment, the following growth regulators were applied to enhance branching of the woody crops: ethephon at 0, 1000, and 3000 mg/liter or benzyl amino purine at 0 or 1000 mg/liter. Uniconazol limited growth of Taxus x media Densiformis, Abelia grandiflora, Berberis japonica, Ilex crenata Compacta, and Lagerstroemia indica Tuscarora. Species not influenced by uniconazole growth reduction were Viburnum x Burkwoodii, Ligustrum lucidum, Euonymus kiatchovicus Manhattan, and Euonymus alatus Compacta. Drench applications were more effective in suppressing shoot length with less active ingredient than were foliar sprays. Branching was increased on Taxus x media Densiformis, Abelia grandiflora, Berberis
japonica, Ilex crenata Compacta, and Lagerstroemia indica Tuscarora four to five fold by uniconazole used alone at 10-40 mg/liter sprays or 1-4 mg/3.8 liter pot of uniconazole. Addition of ethephon at 3000 mg/liter further increased branching of these species. Branching was enhanced similarly in these species when either ethephon at 3000 mg/liter or benzyl amino purine at 1000 mg/liter were foliar applied following two weeks after uniconizol treatments.
Impacts
Wild garlic is common throughout Tennessees field production nurseries. This creates a substantial expense for weed removal by hand labor, since most chemical weed killers also damage or kill the desired ornamentals. Proper timing of these chemicals when the nursery crops are dormant, but the wild garlic is actively growing, can control the spread of serious weed pest. The home/commercial landscape market may benefit from chemical control methods for managing shrub growth, particularly for those that are most often sheared or pruned heavily to limit their size and growth rate. The fatty acid and alcohol pruning agents show promise as safe chemicals for use in the residential/commercial market.
Publications
- Klingeman, William E., Darren K. Robinson, and Gary L. McDaniel. 2004. Regeneration of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) from rhizome sections in sand, pine bark, and soil substrates. J. Environ. Hort. 22 (3): 139-143.
- Klingeman, William E., Darren K. Robinson, and Gary L. McDaniel. 2004. Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) rhizome regeneration in Pine bark, soil and sand substrates. HortScience 39 (4): 746 (abstract)
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Evaluation of winter application of the post-emergence herbicides 2,4-D, Image, and Manage for tolerance of field-grown daylily (Hemerocallis spp.), Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa), and Oriental arborvitae (Thuja orientalis) for use as a control of wild garlic (Allium vineale) was continued. Early January and Late February treatments of these herbicides either when used alone or in combination resulted in variable control the garlic in 2003 at rates of 700g/ha Image, 70g/ha Manage, and 2.34L/ha 2,4-D. New wild garlic control studies will be conducted to test proper timing with climatic conditions of these chemical treatments to dormant nursery crops for winter control of wild garlic. Tests were conducted with the long-chain methyl esters of C6-C12 fatty acid chemicals of Off-Shoot-O, Off-Shoot-T, and Delete to determine their effectiveness on pruning of selected landscape shrub species and tomato varieties for commercial applications. Research demonstrated that a 4%
mixture Off-Shoot-T stimulated the highest number of new shoots per stem of Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens). All chemical-pruning agents induced greater branching and fuller growth patterns than the control treatments to Arborvitae (Thuja orientalis). Field tomato varieties did not respond favorably to these chemicals, as the correct rates that removed suckers also removed the flowers that produce the highest value fruit. Similar results were found when these chemicals were applied manually to greenhouse grown tomato varieties under controlled conditions.
Impacts
Wild garlic is common throughout Tennessees field production nurseries. This creates a substantial expense for weed removal by hand labor, since most chemical weed killers also damage or kill the desired ornamentals. Proper timing of these chemicals when the nursery crops are dormant, but the wild garlic is actively growing can control the spread of serious weed pest. The home/commercial landscape market may benefit from chemical control methods for managing shrub growth, particularly for those that are most often sheared or pruned heavily to limit their size and growth rate. The fatty acid and alcohol pruning agents show promise as safe chemicals for use in the residential/commercial market.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Winter application of the post-emergence herbicides 2,4-D, Image, and Manage was evaluated for tolerance of field-grown daylily (Hemerocallis spp.), Kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa), and Oriental arborvitae (Thuja orientalis) for use as a control of wild garlic (Allium vineale). Late February treatments of these herbicides either when used alone or in combination failed to control the garlic in 2002 at rates of 700g/ha Image, 70g/ha Manage, and 2.34L/ha 2,4-D. New wild garlic control studies will be conducted to test early December applications followed again in late February to establish proper timing of these chemical treatments to dormant nursery crops.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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