Progress 08/01/08 to 07/31/13
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience are other scientists in academic and industry related positions, as well as Technical Advisors across the industry (e.g. Cooperative Extension Educators and Specialists, Technical Advisors in companies and governmental agencies, etc). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training – This project was used to train three graduates and two post-doctoral associates. These three students were able to complete their degrees and become employed in research and development positions. The two post-doctoral associates used this project to further develop their research skills which provided them further opportunities in their present positions. Furthermore two undergraduate students completed projects using information developed from this project. This allowed them to gain further interest in careers in research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Presentation at scientific meetings and publication in peer-reviewed, refereed publications for distribution within the scientific community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We were able to demonstrate that increasing marker density on Chromosome 6 improved the significance level of previously reported QTL as well as decreased the chromosomal interval in which the QTLs were located. In addition we reported a new QTL for firmness of longissimus muscle that had not been previously reported. We were able to demonstrate that genome wide expression QTL can yield QTL locations that correspond directly to genes that may be directly influencing control over growth, carcass and meat quality traits (cis-acting). In addition our findings showed that trans-acting eQTL may pinpoint genomic locations in which a gene is influencing RNA expression but where the gene itself is not physically located We were able to demonstrate that a two-stage approach to QTL detection is viable in detecting relevant QTL that influence traits important to the pork industry. In addition we demonstrated that increased marker density, increased number of animals in the analyses and comparing multiple statistical models will refine marker location and uncover QTL not detected in genome scans that use lower marker density and possibly only one statistical model for QTL detection. We were able to demonstrate that QTL segregating in an experimental F2 resource population were also segregating in an industry population. This provides the pork industry further confidence that QTL segregating within specialized experimental herds, may also be segregating in industry populations. Therefore genetic markers indentifying these QTL can be useful in improving industry based herds. We have been able to determine that when structured correctly, low density SNP genotyping can be used to determine tag SNP and these tag SNP can be use to impute higher density SNP genotypes. In addition we have been able to determine that utilizing a newly developed, commercial low density SNP genotyping platform can be readily used to determine tag SNP genotypes and achieve high imputation accuracy.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Choi, I., R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, J.P. Steibel and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Evaluation of QTL for carcass merit and meat quality traits in a US commercial Duroc population. Meat Sci. 92:132-138. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.04.023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Bates, R.O., M.E. Doumit, N.E. Raney, E.E. Helman and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Association of halothanesensitivity with growth, carcass merit and meat quality. Animal. 6:1537-1542. doi:10.1017/S1751731112000134.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Badke, Y.M., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, C. Schwab and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Estimation of linkage
disequilbrium in four US pig breeds. BMC Genomics. 13:24. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-24.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Guladron-Duarte, J.L., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, N.E. Raney, R.J.C. Cantent and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Genotype imputation accuracy in an F2 pig cross using high-density and low-density SNP panels. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 3): W76.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Badke, Y.M., R.O.Bates, C.W. Ernst, and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Comparison of three methods for tagSNP selection. J.Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 2): 56.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Choi, I., J.P. Stebel, R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Identification and evaluation of quantitative trait loci influencing growth, carcass merit and meat quality traits in pigs. J.Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 2): 55.
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were studies that were the initial steps to complete a much larger study. We have continued to utilize the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population. Our present plan is to increase the marker density within the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population, to further refine Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) location and locate QTL not yet detected. Once this has been completed we will merge these data with other populations that have measured common phenotypes. These combined analyses will improve the power to detect QTL across populations and improve our understanding of the locations of genes that are influencing traits of importance for the pork industry. To increase the marker density within the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population, we were able to further genotype the F0 (4 males and 16 females) and F1 (6 males and 50 females) with the Illumina Porcine SNP60 Porcine BeadChip. This tool contains assays to genotype 62,163 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers for each animal and will be referred to as high density (HD) genotyping. In addition we completed HD genotyping on 336 F2 animals to complete imputation simulation studies. Simulation studies were conducted to determine if a lower number of SNP markers, to be used as tag SNP, could be genotyped and by using imputation determine the HD genotypes in the F2 animals. Results from the simulation study suggested that to achieve an imputation accuracy of 0.97 nearly 2,000 SNP markers, to be used as tag SNP, would need to be genotyped in the F2 animals to impute HD genotypes. While we were conducting these simulation studies, a commercial low density (LD) SNP genotyping panel was under development (GeneSeek, Lincoln, NE). This LD SNP panel contains approximately 8,500 SNP marker assays. We expanded our simulation work to determine the utility of using this commercial LD SNP genotyping panel to impute HD genotypes. Our results indicate that when using the genotypes determined from the commercial LD SNP panel as tag SNP, the accuracy to impute the HD genotypes was 0.99 or greater, depending on the chromosome. We are in the process of genotyping the F2 animals within the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population with the LD SNP panel and will use these LD SNP genotypes to impute the HD genotypes. This will allow us to complete a higher density genome scan of the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings, including the Midwestern Section of American Society of Animal Science and the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science. PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates (PI) - Has provided leadership in resource population developed and data collection and has worked with collaborators on data analyses. In addition, Dr. Bates has developed industry contacts and collaborations necessary within the project. C.W. Ernst - Dr. Ernst has been an on-going collaborator who has provided leadership in experimental planning and molecular genetics data collection as well as implementation of new techniques and technologies. J.P. Steibel - Dr. Steibel has provided leadership in statistical genetics analyses as well as experimental planning. R. Tempelman - Dr. Tempelman has provided on-going statistical genetics consulting. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We have been able to determine that when structured correctly, low density SNP genotyping can be used to determine tag SNP and these tag SNP can be use to impute higher density SNP genotypes. In addition we have been able to determine that utilizing a newly developed, commercial low density SNP genotyping platform can be readily used to determine tag SNP genotypes and achieve high imputation accuracy. This is useful because the commercial product is readily available and custom SNP genotyping panels will not have to be developed for imputation purposes. This will reduce the time needed to complete complex and large scale genotype imputation projects.
Publications
- Badke, Y.M., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, C. Schwab and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Estimation of linkage disequilbrium in four US pig breeds. BMC Genetics. 13:24. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-24.
- Badke, Y.M., R.O.Bates, C.W. Ernst, and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Comparison of three methods for tagSNP selection. J.Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 2): 56.
- Bates, R.O., M.E. Doumit, N.E. Raney, E.E. Helman and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Association of halothane sensitivity with growth, carcass merit and meat quality. Animal. 6: 1537-1542.
- Choi, I., R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, J.P. Steibel and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Evaluation of QTL for carcass merit and meat quality traits in a US commercial Duroc population. Meat Sci. 92:132-138.
- Choi, I., J.P. Stebel, R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, and C.W. Ernst. 2012. Identification and evaluation of quantitative trait loci influencing growth, carcass merit and meat quality traits in pigs. J.Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 2): 56.
- Guladron-Duarte, J.L., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, N.E. Raney, R.J.C. Cantent and J.P. Steibel. 2012. Genotype imputation accuracy in an F2 pig cross using high-density and low-density SNP panels. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (E-Suppl. 3): W76.
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were studies that validated QTL, initially identified in the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population, in an industry pig population. In addition, work was completed that identified QTL segregating for coat color and hair density in the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource population. We have previously published QTL locations for growth, carcass merit and meat quality identified in the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population. Working with the National Swine Registry, we collected growth and meat quality data on 331 Duroc barrows and gilts from 103 litters. Subsequently we genotyped the Duroc pigs within five chromosomal regions (SSC3, 6, 12, 15 18) that corresponded to putative QTL identified in the resource population. There were of 81 gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers genotyped and 33 markers were segregating. The MDH1 SNP on SSC3 was associated with 45-min and ultimate pH (pHu), and pH decline. PRKAG3 on SSC15 was associated with pHu. The HSPG2 SNP on SSC6 was associated with marbling score and days to 113 kg. Markers for NUP88 and FKBP10 on SSC12 were associated with 45-min pH and CIE L*, respectively. The SSC15 marker SF3B1 was associated with CIE L* and loin muscle area, and the SSC18 marker ARF5 was associated with pHu and color score. These results in a commercial Duroc population showed a general consistency with the genome scan in our experimental resource population. During the development of the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population, 756 pigs were digitally photographed to evaluate coat color, spotting and hair density. These traits were numerically coded with each pig genotyped with 136 microsatellite markers. A whole-genome scan was completed using line-cross, half-sib and epistatic models. This resulted in 10 putative QTL regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 8, 13, 15, 16 and 17. Of these regions, 6 were novel regions for the traits studied, and 4 corresponded with previously reported regions for color traits. In addition, a potential epistatic interaction was observed between chromosomes 1 and 8 for spot size. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings, including the Midwestern Section of American Society of Animal Science and the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science. PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates (PI) - Has provided leadership in resource population developed and data collection and has worked with collaborators on data analyses. In addition, Dr. Bates has developed industry contacts and collaborations necessary within the project. C.W. Ernst - Dr. Ernst has been an on-going collaborator who has provided leadership in experimental planning and molecular genetics data collection as well as implementation of new techniques and technologies. J.P. Steibel - Dr. Steibel has provided leadership in statistical genetics analyses as well as experimental planning. R. Tempelman - Dr. Tempelman has provided on-going statistical genetics consulting TARGET AUDIENCES: Scientists conducting research in the area of Animal Genetics. Industry scientists and technical specialists implementing industry breeding programs. Pork producers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We were able to demonstrate that QTL segregating in an experimental F2 resource population were also segregating in an industry population. This provides the pork industry further confidence that QTL segregating within specialized experimental herds, may also be segregating in industry populations. Therefore genetic markers indentifying these QTL can be useful in improving industry based herds. The genome scan for coat color and hair density confirmed four chromosomal regions for coat color, however, six QTL were located in novel regions while a novel epistatic interaction between two QTL for spotting was detected for QTL on SSC1 and 8. These results can be further used to understand the genetic control of coat color and hair density in the pig and furthermore be considered for potential biomedical models to study human skin disease.
Publications
- Choi,I., J.P. Steibel, R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, J.M. Rumph and C.W. Ernst. 2011. Identification of carcass and meat quality QTL in an F2 DurocxPietrain pig resource population using different least-squares analysis models. Frontiers in Livestock Genomics. 2:18. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2011.00018.
- Hoge, M.D. and R.O. Bates. 2011. Developmental factors that influence sow longevity. J.Anim. Sci. 89:1238-1245.
- Pike, C., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, J.P. Stebel and D.B. Edwards. 2011. QTL mapping of coat color in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource population. J. Anim. Sci. 89: (E-Suppl. 2):340.
- Venegas-Vargas, M.C., R. Bates, R. Morrison, D. Villani and B. Straw. 2011. Effect of porcine circovirus vaccine Type 2 vaccine on carcass composition. Swine Health and Prod. 19:233-237.
- Steibel, J.P., R.O. Bates, G.J.M. Rosa, R.J. Tempelman, V.D. Rilington, A. Ragavendran, N.E. Raney, A.M. Ramos, F.F. Cardoso, D.B. Edwards, and C.W. Ernst. 2011. Genome-wide linkage analysis of global gene expression in loin muscle tissue identified putatively cis-acting candidate genes in pigs. PloS ONE. 6:e16766.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016766.
- Badke, Y.M., R.O. Bates, C.W. Ernst, C. Schwab, and J.P. Steibel. 2011. Estimation of linkage disequilibrium in four US pig breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 89: (E-Suppl. 1):334.
- Bates, R.O., D.B. Edwards, C.W. Ernst, M.E. Doumit and M.D. Hoge. 2011. Influence of finishing environment on pig growth performance and carcass merit. Swine Health and Prod. 19:86-93.
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were studies that increased marker density as well as increased the number of animals to refine the QTL positions of previously estimated QTLs in the MSU Duroc x Pietrain F2 Resource Population. We increased marker density on nine chromosomes that had significant QTLs for growth, carcass merit and meat quality. Twenty new microsatellite markers were selected from publicly available databases and determined to be informative in the base generation. These markers were then genotyped in the previously reported QTL regions across 954 F2 animals, along with previously genotyped flanking markers in newly added animals. In addition we compared results of a traditional line cross model to that of a half-sub model and a combined line-cross, half sib combined model. These studies revealed 18 new QTL for growth and body composition and nine new pork quality QTL. Progress has been made regarding validating QTL in an industry pig population. Collaborative arrangements were made with individual pig herds. Pigs were identified and DNA was collected on them and their parents. In addition post-weaning growth, and body composition was collected on the pigs as well as meat quality data (CIE L*, marbling score and pH) was collected on the resulting carcasses. These data are presently undergoing analysis. Studies evaluating the influence of development factors on longevity in sows have been completed. Data were retrieved from nucleus and multiplication herds of Yorkshire sows. Analyses revealed that sows which were younger than a year of age at farrowing and had larger and heavier litters at their initial farrowing had a lower culling risk. In addition, gilts that were near average for growth and backfat thickness at a constant weight had a lower subsequent culling risk than faster growing or leaner gilts. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings, including the Midwestern Section of American Society of Animal Science, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production and the Annual Meeting of the National Swine Improvement Federation. PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates (PI) - Has provided leadership in resource population developed and data collection and has worked with collaborators on data analyses. In addition, Dr. Bates has developed industry contacts and collaborations necessary within the project. C.W. Ernst - Dr. Ernst has been an on-going collaborator who has provided leadership in experimental planning and molecular genetics data collection as well as implementation of new techniques and technologies. J.P. Steibel - Dr. Steibel has provided leadership in statistical genetics analyses as well as experimental planning. R. Tempelman - Dr. Tempelman has provided on-going statistical genetics consulting. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We were able to demonstrate that a two-stage approach to QTL detection is viable in detecting relevant QTL that influence traits important to the pork industry. In addition we demonstrated that increased marker density, increased number of animals in the analyses and comparing multiple statistical models will refine marker location and uncover QTL not detected in genome scans that use lower marker density and possibly only one statistical model for QTL detection. We were also able to report that developmental factors do influence sow retention rate. Growth rate and backfat thickness and age at first farrowing did influence the risk of culling as an adult animal. Breeding females that farrow their first litter before a year of age and are near average for growth rate and backfat thickness have a lower culling risk that females that are older than a year of age at first farrowing or are fast growing or very lean at a constant body weight.
Publications
- Choi, I., J.P. Steibel, R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, J.M. Rumph and C.E. Ernst. 2010. Application ofalternative models to identify QTL for growth traits in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain pig resource population. BMC Genetics. 11:97.
- Steibel, J.P., R.O. Bates, G.J. Rosa, R.J. Tempelman, A. Ragavendran, N. Raney, A. Ramos, F. Cardoso, D. Edwards, C.W. Ernst. 2010. Genome-Wide linkage analysis of gene expression of loin muscle tissue identifies candidate genes in pigs. Proc. 9th WCGALP. Leipzig, Germany. August. http://wcgalp2010.abstract-management.de/.
- Bates, R.O., M.E. Doumit, N.E. Raney, E.E. Helman and C.W. Ernst. 2010. Influence of halothane sensitivity on growth and meat quality in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 88: (E-Suppl. 3):14. (Abstr.).
- Dawes, D.J., R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, J.P. Steibel and C.W. Ernst. 2010. Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphism markers on pig chromosomes 3 and 6 for potential associations with meat quality traits. J. Anim. Sci. 88: (E-Suppl. 3): 338. (Abstr.)
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were analyses to estimate transcriptional profile quantitative trait loci (eQTL). The necessary microarray experiments were completed that compared F2 pigs with extreme within litter longissimus muscle area from the MSU Resource population. The Swine Protein-Annotated Oligonucleotide Microarray was used to conduct these experiments. This microarray was developed as collaboration among several institutions and was supported in part by the U.S. Pig Genome Coordination Program. There are approximately 20,000 oligos on this microarray and approximately 1,200 linkage tests were conducted for each oligo. This yielded 24 million t-tests to evaluate. Using a false discovery rate of 0.10, there were 62 eQTL peaks detected across the genome. Nearly 45 of these oligos, that correspond to eQTL peaks, have been mapped using the newly released Pig Genome Sequence. Furthermore progress has been made regarding validating QTL in an industry pig population. Collaborative arrangements were made with individual pig herds. Pigs were identified and DNA was collected on them and their parents. In addition post-weaning growth, and body composition was collected on the pigs as well as meat quality data (CIE L*, marbling score and pH) was collected on the resulting carcasses. We completed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism genotyping for 8 previously reported QTL, on 6 chromosomes, using our previous finding from the Duroc x Pietrain resource population QTL scan. These data are presently undergoing analysis. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings. Our findings regarding the eQTL study was reported at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science. PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates (PI) - Has provided leadership in resource population developed and data collection and has worked with collaborators on data analyses. In addition, Dr. Bates has developed industry contacts and collaborations necessary within the project. C.W. Ernst - Dr. Ernst has been an on-going collaborator who has provided leadership in experimental planning and molecular genetics data collection as well as implementation of new techniques and technologies. J.P. Steibel - Dr. Steibel has provided leadership in statistical genetics analyses as well as experimental planning. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
We were able to demonstrate that genome wide expression QTL can yield QTL locations that correspond directly to genes that may be directly influencing control over growth, carcass and meat quality traits (cis-acting). In addition our findings showed that trans-acting eQTL may pinpoint genomic locations in which a gene is influencing RNA expression but where the gene itself is not physically located. As new technologies are used to fine map the genome the results reported from our work will provide further confidence that QTL can be mapped to small intervals such that the marker genotypes can be used in both Marker Assisted Selection and Genome-wide Selection. In addition, the discovery of eQTL may pinpoint the physical location of multiple genes influencing a trait as well as highlighting genomic regions where genes influence RNA synthesis but do not physically reside. This will provide the ground work to expose complex gene networks that govern the expression of economically important traits within pig growth and development.
Publications
- C. W. Ernst, J. P. Steibel, G. J. M. Rosa, R. J. Tempelman, R. O. Bates, V. D. Rilington, A.Ragavendran, N. E. Raney, A. M. Ramos, F. F. Cardoso, and D.B. Edwards. 2009. Genome-wide expression QTL (eQTL) analysis of loin muscle tissue to identify candidate genes in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (E-Suppl. 2): LB4 (Abstr.).
- Bates, R.O. 2009. Genetic considerations for different sow housing options. J. Anim. Sci. 87: (E-Suppl.3) :63(Abstr).
- Schinckel, A., R. Bates, T. See, and C. Schwab. 2009. Impact of increased feed costs on the STAGES indexes and selection for terminal sire and maternal lines. Proc. 40th Ann. Mtg. AASV. Dallas, TX.
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Progress 01/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were actions to complete the experiments necessary to estimate transcriptional profile quantitative trait loci (QTL). The necessary lab work was undertaken to conduct those experiments in which F2 pigs with extreme within litter longissimus muscle area from the MSU Resource population were used to generate gene expression profile data. The Swine Protein-Annotated Oligonucleotide Microarray was used to conduct these experiments. This microarray was developed as collaboration among several institutions and was supported in part by the U.S. Pig Genome Coordination Program. These data are presently undergoing analysis. Furthermore progress was made on validating QTL in an industry pig population. Collaborative arrangements were made with individual pig herds. Pigs were identified and DNA was collected on them and their parents. In addition post-weaning growth, and body composition was collected on the pigs as well as meat quality data (CIE L*, marbling score and pH) was collected on the resulting carcasses. These data are presently undergoing analysis. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings. We did conduct further analyses after increasing the marker density on chromosome 6. We reported at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science that increasing marker density increased the significance of previously discovered QTL and also decreased the chromosomal interval in which the QTLs were located. In addition, we also reported a new QTL for firmness that had not been reported previously. PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates (PI) - Has provided leadership in resource population development, data collection and has worked with collaborators on data analyses. In addition, Dr. Bates has developed industry contacts and collaborations necessary within the project. C.W. Ernst - Dr. Ernst has been an on-going collaborator who has provided leadership in experimental planning and molecular genetics data collection as well as as implementation of new techniques and technologies. J.P. Steibel - Dr. Steibel has provided leadership in statistical genetics analyses as well as experimental plannning. R. Tempelman - Dr. Tempelman has provided on-going statistical genetics consulting. Training was provided for two graduate students. TARGET AUDIENCES: The primpary target audience for this reporting year was the scientific community. The audience was provided results of this project during presentations at scienctific meetings. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
We were able to demonstrate that increasing marker density on Chromosome 6 improved the significance level of previously reported QTL as well as decreased the chromosomal interval in which the QTLs were located. In addition we reported a new QTL for firmness of longissimus muscle that had not been previously reported. As new technologies are used to fine map the genome the results reported from our work will provide further confidence that QTL can be mapped to narrow chromosomal intervals such that the marker genotypes can be used in both Marker Assisted Selection and Genome-wide Selection. In addition, the discovery of new QTL for novel traits, such as longissimus muscle firmness, can increase the number of traits selected that can improve the final product purchased by the consumer.
Publications
- Cardoso, F.F., G.J.M. Rosa, J.P. Steibel, C.W. Ernst, R.O. Bates, and R.J. Tempelman. 2008. Selective transcriptional profiling and data analysis strategies for expression quantitative trait loci mapping in outbred F2 populations. Genetics. 180:1679-1690.
- Choi, I., R.O. Bates, N.E. Raney, D.B. Edwards, M.E. Doumit, and C.W. Ernst. 2008. Confirmation of quantitative trait loci for carcass and meat quality traits on pig chromosome 6 in an Duroc x Pietrain resource population. J. Anim. Sci. 86 (E-Suppl. 1): 413 (Abstr.).
- Hoge, M.D. and R.O. Bates. 2008. Heritability of longevity in Yorkshire females. J. Anim. Sci. 86 (E-Suppl. 1): 531 (Abstr.).
- Prasongsook, S., R.O. Bates, I.S. Choi, V.D. Rilington, N.E. Raney, C.C. Beattie, M.E. Doumit and C.W. Ernst. 2008 Association of insulin-like growth factor binding protein genotypes with growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 86 (E-Suppl. 3): 45(Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/07 to 12/31/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: The outputs that occurred for the reporting year were primarily those activities that involved completing the objectives of the project. The primary outputs were actions to complete the experiments necessary to estimate transcriptional profile quantitative trait loci (QTL). The necessary lab work was undertaken to conduct those experiments in which F2 pigs with extreme within litter longissimus muscle area from the MSU Resource population were used to generate gene expression profile data. The Swine Protein-Annotated Oligonucleotide Microarray was used to conduct these experiments. This microarray was developed as collaboration among several institutions, including MSU, and was supported in part by the U.S. Pig Genome Coordination Program. These data are presently undergoing analysis. Furthermore progress was made on validating QTL in an industry pig population. Collaborative arrangements were made with individual pig herds. Pigs were identified and DNA was collected on them
and their parents. In addition post-weaning growth, and body composition was collected on the pigs as well as meat quality data (CIE L*, marbling score and pH) was collected on the resulting carcasses. Dissemination activities that occurred for the project were presentations made at scientific and industry meetings. The necessary statistical methodology to estimate gene expression QTL from the experimental design used is not readily available. Advances in this area were developed and made available to the scientific community during a presentation made at the annual meeting of the American Society of Animal Science. In addition, preliminary results of gene expression QTL were presented to a swine industry audience at the Annual Meeting of the National Swine Improvement Federation.
PARTICIPANTS: R.O. Bates, PI. Lead the F2 data collection and is coordinating the data collection for QTL validation. C.W. Ernst. Co-PI. Leading the effort on the gene expression objectives. M. Doumit. Co-PI. Provides leadership in collection and interpretation of results associated with muscle growth and meat quality. R. Tempelman. Co-PI. Provides leadership on statistical analysis of gene expression data an estimation of gene expression QTL. National Swine Registry, West Lafayette, IN. Coordinates access to cooperating pig herds.
TARGET AUDIENCES: Scientists in Animal Genetics and persons working in the genetic improvement industry.
Impacts
The usage of genomic data in animal genetics will be an important component in future genetic improvement schemes within livestock populations. Traditional statistical approaches often do not coincide well with the distributional properties of the data collected or the experimental designs that must employed to collect this type of information. For this reporting year, personnel associated with this project were able to make relevant and important contributions to the development of statistical methods to estimate gene expression QTL. This will provide researchers within this project the necessary tools to determine new QTL regions that can be used to improve swine populations and provide other scientists working in the field better statistical tools to enhance their ongoing work.
Publications
- Cardoso, F.F., Steibel, J.P., Roas, G.J. M., Ernst, C.W., Bates, R.O. and Tempelma, R.J. 2007. Assessment of different selective phenotyping design strategies for genetic genomics studies with outbred F2 populations. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1): 373 (Abstr.).
- Choi, I.S., Bates, R.O., Rilington, V.D., Edwards, D.B., Raney, N.E., Doumit, M.E. and Ernst, C.W. 2007. Association between corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 2 genotypes and meat quality traits in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2): 65 (Abstr.).
- Edwards, D.B., Ernst, C.W., Tempelman, R.J., Rosa, G.J. M, Raney, N.E., Hoge, M.D., and Bates, R.O. 2008. QTL mapping in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource population: I. Growth traits. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2006-625.
- Edwards, D.B., Ernst, Raney, N.E., Doumit, M.D., Hoge, M.D., and Bates, R.O. 2008. QTL mapping in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource population: II. Carcass and meat quality traits. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2006-626.
- Ernst, C.W., Steibel, J.P., Ramos, A.M., Tempelman, R.J., Cardoso, F.F., Rosa, G.J.M., Edwards, D.B. and Bates, R.O. 2007. Expression QTL (eQTL) analysis for identifying genes controlling economically important traits in pigs. Proc. 2007 NSIF Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO.
- Schwab, C., Bates, R. and Anderson, D. 2007. NSR Muscle quality EPD program: Current structure. Proc. 2007 NSIF Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Females from a Pietrain population were mated to Duroc males from a closed control population maintained at Auburn University, Auburn, AL in 2000. All founder animals were normal for the ryanodine receptor gene. These populations did differ significantly for growth, carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Pure females (17) were mated to one of four boars (F0 generation). Progeny from these matings (F1 generation) were performance tested to 230 lb. This occurred in 2001. Animals not selected to propagate the next generation were harvested. From F1 progeny, 60 gilts and 6 boars were retained and mated inter se, except matings of full or half sibs were avoided. Progeny (F2 generation) from these matings have been performance tested to approximately 220 lb. Upon completion of performance test, all pigs have been harvested and carcass data and meat quality data collected. These F1 females and boars produced 959 F2 pigs across 11 farrowing groups. From within
each farrowing group, pigs from the four largest litters had longissimus muscle and backfat tissue recovered and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. This project has been completed at the MSU Swine Teaching and Research North Farm. A total of 510 F2 animals, representing all 11 farrowing farrowing groups were genotyped for 124 microsatellite markers evenly spaced across the entire genome. Data were analyzed with line cross least squares regression interval mapping methods using sex and litter as fixed effects with covariates of carcass weight or harvest age for specific carcass and meat quality traits. Significance thresholds of the F-statistic for additive, dominance, and imprinted QTL were determined on chromosome- and genome-wise levels by permutation tests. A total of 54 QTL for 22 of the 29 measured growth traits, 33 QTL for 15 of the 16 animal random regression terms, and 94 QTL for 35 of the 38 carcass merit and meat quality traits were found to be significant at the 5%
chromosome-wise level. Growth and body composition putative QTL were discovered for tenth and last rib backfat on SSC 6, body composition traits on SSC 9, backfat and lipid composition traits on SSC 11, tenth rib backfat and total body fat tissue on SSC 12, and linear regressions of body weight, longissimus muscle area, and tenth rib backfat on SSC 18. Carcass merit and meat quality putative QTL were discovered for 45 min pH and pH decline on SSC 3, marbling score and carcass backfat on SSC 6, carcass length and number of ribs on SSC 7, marbling score on SSC 12, and color measurements and tenderness score on SSC 15. From the longissmus and backfat tissues mRNA was extracted. Gene expression profiles are underway using the oligonucleotide microarray developed for and distributed through the U.S. Pig Genome Coordination Program. Gene expression profiles will be used to conduct a genetical genomics analysis and determine further cis-acting genomic markers and possibly candidate genes
within the determined QTL peaks estimated from the genome scan.
Impacts
The pig industry is developing into multiple pork chains with differing consumer attributes. Attributes relating to meat quality are difficult to measure due to the need to harvest the animal. Thus using traditional methods, meat quality traits cannot be measured directly for prospective parents. Identifying molecular genetic markers which associate with traits, such as meat quality, that are difficult or expensive to measure and incorporating them into selection decisions will improve the accuracy of selection among prospective parents. This will create greater quality improvement of pork products available to consumers and allow more genetic lines to match the specifications of developing pork chains.
Publications
- Edwards, D.B., R.J. Tempelman and R.O. Bates, 2006. Evaluation of Duroc- vs. Pietrain-sired pigs for growth and composition. J. Anim. Sc. 84:266-275.
- Rosa, G.J.M., R.J. Tempelman, C.W. Ernst and R.O.Bates, 2006. Combining molecular marker information and gene expression profiling for studying complex traits. Proc. 8th WCGALP 23-11. Belo Horizonte, M.G. Brazil.
- Edwards, D.B., C.W. Ernst, N.E. Raney, M.E. Doumit, M.D. Hoge and R.O. Bates. 2006. QTL mapping in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource population II. Carcass and meat quality traits. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl.2): 22 (Abstr.).
- Edwards, D.B., C.W. Ernst, N.E. Raney, R. J. Tempelman, M.D. Hoge and R.O. Bates. 2006. QTL mapping in an F2 Duroc x Pietrain resource population I. Growth traits. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 2): 233 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Females from a Pietrain population were mated to Duroc males from a closed control population maintained at Auburn University, Auburn, AL in 2000. All founder animals were normal for the ryanodine receptor gene. These populations did differ significantly for growth, carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Pure females (17) were mated to one of four boars (F0 generation). Progeny from these matings (F1 generation) were performance tested to 230 lb. This occurred in 2001. Animals not selected to propagate the next generation were harvested. From F1 progeny, 60 gilts and 6 boars were retained and mated inter se, except matings of full or half sibs were avoided. There were 51 females that farrowed a litter. Progeny (F2 generation) from these matings have been performance tested to approximately 220 lb. Upon completion of performance test, all pigs have been harvested and carcass data and meat quality data collected. These F1 females and boars were kept and
produced 959 F2 pigs across 11 farrowing groups. The last F2 pigs were slaughtered in February, 2004. From within each farrowing group, pigs from the four largest litters had longissimus muscle tissue recovered at slaughter and mRNA extracted. Gene expression profiles will be used to determine subsequent marker information. This project has been completed at the MSU Swine Teaching and Research North Farm. A total of 510 F2 animals, representing all 11 farrowing farrowing groups were genotyped for 124 microsatellite markers evenly spaced across the entire genome. Data were analyzed with line cross least squares regression interval mapping methods using sex and litter as fixed effects with covariates of carcass weight or harvest age for specific carcass and meat quality traits. Significance thresholds of the F-statistic for additive, dominance, and imprinted QTL were determined on chromosome- and genome-wise levels by permutation tests. A total of 54 QTL for 22 of the 29 measured growth
traits, 33 QTL for 15 of the 16 animal random regression terms, and 94 QTL for 35 of the 38 carcass merit and meat quality traits were found to be significant at the 5% chromosome-wise level. Growth and body composition putative QTL were discovered for tenth and last rib backfat on SSC 6, body composition traits on SSC 9, backfat and lipid composition traits on SSC 11, tenth rib backfat and total body fat tissue on SSC 12, and linear regressions of body weight, longissimus muscle area, and tenth rib backfat on SSC 18. Carcass merit and meat quality putative QTL were discovered for 45 min pH and pH decline on SSC 3, marbling score and carcass backfat on SSC 6, carcass length and number of ribs on SSC 7, marbling score on SSC 12, and color measurements and tenderness score on SSC 15. These results will facilitate fine mapping efforts to identify genes controlling growth and body composition of pigs that can be incorporated into marker-assisted selection programs to accelerate genetic
improvement in pig populations.
Impacts
The pig industry is developing into multiple pork chains with differing consumer attributes. Attributes relating to meat quality are difficult to measure due to the need to harvest the animal. Thus using traditional methods, meat quality traits cannot be measured directly for prospective parents. Identifying molecular genetic markers which associate with traits, such as meat quality, that are difficult or expensive to measure and incorporating them into selection decisions will improve the accuracy of selection among prospective parents. This will create greater quality improvement of pork products available to consumers and allow more genetic lines to match the specifications of developing pork chains.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
Females from a Pietrain population were mated to Duroc males from a closed control population maintained at Auburn University, Auburn, AL in 2000. These populations do differ significantly for growth, carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Pure females (17) were mated to one of four boars (F0 generation). Progeny from these matings (F1 generation) were performance tested to 230 lb. This occurred in 2001. Animals not selected to propagate the next generation were harvested. From F1 progeny, 60 gilts and 6 boars were retained and mated inter se, except matings of full or half sibs were avoided. There were 51 females that farrowed a litter. Progeny (F2 generation) from these matings have been performance tested to approximately 220 lb. Upon completion of performance test, all pigs have been harvested and carcass data and meat quality data collected. These F1 females and boars have been kept and produced 959 F2 pigs which have been performance tested and
slaughtered. These pigs were from 11 farrowing groups. The last F2 pigs were slaughtered in February, 2004. From within each farrowing group, pigs from the four largest litters have had longissimus muscle tissue recovered at slaughter and mRNA extracted. Gene expression profiles will be used to determine subsequent marker information. This project has been completed at the MSU Swine Teaching and Research North Farm. Whole blood samples have been obtained in this experiment and DNA has been isolated from white blood cells. Microsatellite markers have been genotyped and will be compared with data collected to determine if phenotypic differences among animals associate with different allelic complements. In addition, markers identified from gene expression experiments will be used as additional genetic markers in an effort to further narrow QTL chromosomal regions.
Impacts
The pork industry is experiencing an increased frequency of Pale, Soft and Exudative (PSE) pork, partly due to the increased lean yield that has occurred over the past 15 years. Direct selection for meat quality traits is difficult since the animal must be slaughtered to measure the traits of interest. The identification of DNA markers that favorably associate with meat quality traits will allow seedstock swine producers to select parents that have favorable genetic merit for meat quality traits. This will provide pork producers greater flexibility as they develop their herds to meet various specifications of differentiating pork chains within the swine industry. This will help producers better direct themselves into markets that will increase their profitability potential.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Females from a Pietrain population were mated to Duroc males from a closed control population maintained at Auburn University, Auburn, AL in 2000. These populations do differ significantly for growth, carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Pure females (17) were mated to one of four boars (F0 generation). Progeny from these matings (F1 generation) were performance tested to 230 lb. This occurred in 2001. Animals not selected to propagate the next generation were slaughtered. From F1 progeny, 60 gilts and 6 boars were retained and mated inter se, except matings of full or half sibs were avoided. There were 51 females that farrowed a litter. Progeny (F2 generation) from these matings have been performance tested to approximately 220 lb. Upon completion of performance test, all F2 pigs have been slaughtered and carcass data and meat quality data collected. These F1 females and boars have been kept and pigs produced from them until approximately 960 F2 pigs
have been performance tested and slaughtered. These pigs have been produced from 11 farrowing groups. The last F2 pigs will be slaughtered in February, 2004. From within each farrowing group, pigs from the four largest litters have had longissimus muscle tissue recovered at slaughter and mRNA extracted. Gene expression profiles will be used to determine subsequent marker information. This project has been completed at the MSU Swine Teaching and Research North Farm. Whole blood samples have been obtained in this experiment and DNA will be isolated from white blood cells. Upon completion of this three-generation experiment, segregating polymorphisms for random microsatellite markers will be determined and compared with data collected to determine if there are significant phenotypic differences among animals with different allelic complements. In addition, markers identified from gene expression experiments will be used as additional genetic markers in an effort to further narrow QTL
chromosomal regions.
Impacts
The pork industry is experiencing an increased frequency of Pale, Soft and Exudative (PSE) pork, partly due to the increased lean yield that has occurred over the past 15 years. Direct selection for meat quality traits is difficult since the animal must be slaughtered to measure the traits of interest. The identification of DNA markers that favorably associate with meat quality traits will allow seedstock swine producers to select parents that have favorable genetic merit for meat quality traits. This will provide pork producers greater flexibility as they develop their herds to meet various specifications of differentiating pork chains within the swine industry. This will help producers better direct themselves into markets that will increase their profitability potential.
Publications
- Bates, R.O. D.B. Edwards and R.L. Korthals. 2003. Sow performance when housed in groups with electronic sow feeders or stalls. Livestock Production Science 79:29-35.
- Edwards, D. B., R.O. Bates and W.N. Osburn. 2003. Evaluation of Duroc- vs Pietrain-sired pigs for carcass and meat quality measures. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 1895-1899.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
Objective 1. Evaluate crossbred progeny from novel populations for growth, carcass composition and meat quality. Crossbred Duroc and Pietrain progeny were evaluated for growth (n = 307 pigs), carcass merit and meat quality (n = 162 pigs) traits. Crossbred progeny were normal for the ryanodine receptor gene. Weight and B-mode ultrasound estimates of tenth rib backfat (BF10), last rib back fat (LRF), and loin muscle area (LMA) were serially measured from 10 to 26 wk of age. At 26 wk of age Duroc sired progeny were heavier (143.2 vs. 133.0 kg, P < 0.001), had more BF10 (27.25 vs. 23.67 mm, P < 0.001) and LRF (21.59 vs. 19.23 mm, P < 0.001), but had similar LMA (45.93 vs. 46.97 cm2) to Pietrain sired progeny. Total fat tissue (TOFAT), fat free lean (FFTOLN), empty body protein (MTPRO), and empty body lipid (MTFAT) were calculated. Polynomial regression animal models on wk of age were fitted each breed of sire. Quartic models best fit weight, LMA, TOFAT, FFTOLN, and MTPRO,
and cubic models best fit BF10, LRF, and MTFAT. Duroc progeny had a greater increase in weight, BF10, LRF, TOFAT, FFTOLN, MTPRO, and MTFAT while Pietrain progeny had a greater increase in LMA. Pietrain progeny had higher dressing percentage (73.96 vs. 73.08, P < 0.01). Pietrain progeny had a larger percentage of carcass as ham (23.02 vs. 22.44, P < 0.01) and loin (21.59 vs. 21.21, P < 0.05), while Duroc progeny had a larger percentage for bellies (11.99 vs. 11.66, P < 0.05). Percentage of carcass weight for Boston butt (8.80 vs. 8.96) and picnic (9.85 vs. 9.91) was similar for Duroc versus Pietrain progeny. Total primal cut weight, as a percentage of carcass weight, was larger for Pietrain progeny (75.16 vs. 74.25, P < 0.01). Duroc progeny had heavier primal cut weights as a function of age. Subjective loin muscle scores for color, marbling, and firmness (1-5 scale) were better Duroc progeny. Duroc progeny had higher 24-h pH (5.53 vs. 5.47, P < 0.001) and less percent drip loss (2.89
vs. 3.89, P < 0.001). No differences were detected between Duroc and Pietrain progeny for Minolta L* (54.76 vs. 55.31), a* (17.35 vs. 17.27), or b* (7.58 vs. 7.44), percent cooking loss (28.63 vs. 29.19), or shear force (6.94 vs. 7.10 kg). Objective 3. Identify genes that contribute to economically important traits and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement.(Objective 1 NC-220). Females from the Pietrain breed have been mated to Duroc males from a closed control population maintained at Auburn University, Auburn, AL. These populations do differ significantly for growth, carcass composition and meat quality characteristics. Pure females (17) were mated to one of four boars (F0 generation). Progeny from these matings (F1 generation) were performance tested to 230 lb. Animals not selected to propagate the next generation were slaughtered. From F1 progeny, 52 females and 6 boars were mated inter se, except with avoidance of full or half sib matings. Matings among F1 parents (F2
generation) will produce 1000 pigs and be performance tested to 230 lb, slaughtered and carcass and meat quality data collected. A genome scan will be completed to identify putative markers.
Impacts
Information from Objective 1 has provided more detailed information on carcass composition, wholesale cut size and meat quality than most other studies conducted in this area of study. It has provided detailed information regarding growth and composition of growth such that commercial producers can use this to determine which terminal populations will best match their production system and what pork chains will value the attributes from carcasses from pigs sired by one of these terminal populations. Objective 3 will be completed in a subsequent AES project and will provide seedstock producers further insight into the utilization of genetic markers and identified genes within selection and breeding programs.
Publications
- Hoge, M.D. R.O. Bates, D.B. Edwards and B.E. Straw. 2002. Effect of canine teeth clipping on pig performance. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 2). : 48 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
Objective 1 of this project is , "Identify genes that contribute to economically important traits and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement". To complete this objective a resource population is under development. Foundation animals were ryr normal Pietrain females mated to Duroc boars from a control line at Auburn University. F1 parents were produced during 2000. In 2001, parent F1 animals were retained and mated to produce F2 animals. DNA was harvested from all foundation and F1 animals and will be harvested from all F2 animals. There will be 1,000 F2 progeny produced within this resource population with data collection completion in 2003. Objective 2 of this project, "Evaluate crossbred progeny from novel populations for growth, carcass merit and meat quality", has been completed. Semen from ryr normal Pietrain boars and Duroc boars have been used to produce crossbred progeny from either Yorkshire or Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred sows. Data collection from
the fourth replication was completed in December, 1999. Pigs sired by Duroc boars grew faster from 10 to 26 wk of age (979 vs 895 g/d; P<.001), were fatter at the tenth rib (27.3 vs 23.7 mm; P<.001) but were no different for loin muscle area (45.9 vs 47.0 cm2) than Pietrain sired pigs. However, serial measurement of body weight, backfat thickness and loin muscle area revealed that Duroc sired pigs were similar to Pietrain sired pigs for fat free lean accretion and protein accretion. Meat quality characteristics were similar or in favor of pigs sired by Duroc boars as compared to Pietrain sired pigs. Duroc sired pigs had higher 24 hour pH (5.53 vs 5. 47; P<0.001), and less percent drip loss (2.89 vs 3.89; P<0.001). Subjective scores on a 5 point scale for color (2.54 vs 2.35; P0.<.05) , firmness (2.42 vs 1.74; P<0.001) and marbling (2.62 vs 2.30; P<0.001) favored Duroc sired pigs compared to Pietrain sired pigs. Objective 3 and 4 have not yet been initiated.
Impacts
Information from Objective I will enhance genetic change for carcass merit and meat quality. Pig performance will be enhanced and the nutritional and eating quality characteristics of the retail products improved. Information from Objective II provides better characterization of the maturity patterns and product processing attributes of these two populations. Pork producers will better know how to utilize these populations within different market channels.
Publications
- Allison, C.P., R.O. Bates, M.E. Doumit and A. M. Booren. 2001. Instruments differ in estimating lightness of fresh meat. Proc. 54th Ann. Rec. Meat Conf. Indianapolis, IN. Vol. 2:373 (Abstr.).
- Edwards, D.B., R.O. Bates, P.M. Saama and R.J. Tempelman. 2001. Evaluation of Duroc vs Pietrain sired progeny: I. Growth parameters. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2): 38 (Abstr.).
- Edwards, D.B., R.O. Bates and W. Osburn. 2001. Evaluation of Duroc vs Pietrain sired progeny for meat quality. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (Suppl. 1):409 (Abstr.).
- Edwards, D.B., R.O. Bates and W. Osburn. 2001. Evaluation of Duroc vs Pietrain sired progeny: II. Carcass measurements. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (Suppl. 2): 40 (Abstr.).
- Hoge, M.D. R.O. Bates, and J. Camacho-Sandoval. 2001. Analysis of sow productivity in Costa Rica. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. 2). : 39 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Objective 1 of this project is , "Identify genes that contribute to economically important traits and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement". To complete this objective a resource population is under development. Foundation animals were ryr normal Pietrain females mated to Duroc boars from a control line at Auburn University. There were F1 animals produced during 2000. In 2001, parent F1 animals will be retained and mated to produce F2 animals. DNA was harvested from all foundation and F1 animals and will be harvested from all F2 animals. There will be 750 F2 progeny produced within this resource population with data collection completion in 2003. Objective 2 of this project, Evaluate crossbred progeny from novel populations for growth, carcass merit and meat quality, has been completed. Semen from ryr normal Pietrain boars and Duroc boars have been used to produce crossbred progeny from either Yorkshire or Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred sows. Data collection
from the fourth replication was completed in December, 1999. Pigs sired by Duroc boars grew faster from 10 to 26 wk of age (979 vs 895 g/d; P<.001), were fatter at the tenth rib (27.3 vs 23.7 mm; P<.001) but were no different for loin muscle area (45.9 vs 47.0 cm2) than Pietrain sired pigs. However, serial measurement of body weight, backfat thickness and loin muscle area revealed that Duroc sired pigs were similar to Pietrain sired pigs for fat free lean accretion and protein accretion. Meat quality characteristics were similar or in favor of pigs sired by Duroc boars as compared to Pietrain sired pigs. Duroc sired pigs had higher 24 hour pH (5.53 vs 5. 47; P<0.001), and less percent drip loss (2.89 vs 3.89; P<0.001). Subjective scores on a 5 point scale for color (2.54 vs 2.35; P0.<.05) , firmness (2.42 vs 1.74; P<0.001) and marbling (2.62 vs 2.30; P<0.001) favored Duroc sired pigs compared to Pietrain sired pigs. Objective 3 and 4 have not yet been initiated.
Impacts
Information from Objective I will enhance genetic change for carcass merit and meat quality. Pig performance will be enhanced and the nutritional and eating quality characteristics of the retail products improved. Information from Objective II provides better characterization of the maturity patterns and product processing attributes of these two populations. Pork producers will better know how to utilize these populations within different market channels.
Publications
- Bates, R.O. , J. Kelpinski, B. Hines and D. Ricker. 2000. Hormonal therapy for sows weaned during summer and fall. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2086.
- Edwards, D.B., R.O. Bates, and R.L. Korthals. 2000. Sow performance using electronic sow feeding versus conventional feeding systems. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl.2):38 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Objective 1 of this project, Identify genes that contribute to economically important traits and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement, has been initiated. A research protocol has been developed in cooperation with Dr. C.W. Ernst. Approval has been given to begin this objective. Foundation animals have been purchased. There will be F1 progeny produced this year with F2 matings subsequently following. There will be 750 F2 progeny produced within this resource population. Objective 2 of this project, Evaluate crossbred progeny from novel populations for growth, carcass merit and meat quality, has been completed. Semen from ryr free Pietrain boars and Duroc boars have been used to produce crossbred progeny from either Yorkshire or Yorshire-Landrace crossbred sows. Data collection from the fourth replication was completed. Data for this objective will summarized in an M.S. Thesis this year. Objective 3 and 4 have not yet been initiated.
Impacts
Information from Objective I will enhance genetic change for carcass merit and meat quality. Pig performance will be enhanced and the nutritional and eating quality characteristics of the retail products improved. Information from Objective II will provide better characterization of the maturity patterns and product processing attributes of these two populations. Pork producers will better know how to utilize these populations within different market channels.
Publications
- Bates, R.O., Kelpinski, J., Hines, B., Ricker, D. 2000. Hormonal therapy for sows weaned during summer and fall. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted).
- Bates, R.O., Ropp, M., Hines, B., Hines, S. 1999. Pork producers evaluate pork quality. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (Suppl. 1):44 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Objective 1 of this project, Identify genes that contribute to economically important traits and evaluate the potential for genetic improvement, has been initiated. A research protocol has been developed in cooperation with Dr. C.W. Ernst. Approval has been given by MSU administration and animals to begin this objective should be purchased by June, 1999. Objective 2 of this project, Evaluate crossbred progeny from novel populations for growth, carcass merit and meat quality is under way. Semen from ryr free Pietrain and Duroc boars have been used to produce crossbred progeny from either Yorkshire or Yorshire-Landrace crossbred sows. Two of four replications have been completed. The fourth replication will be completed by December 1999. Objective 3 and 4 have not yet been initiated.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Bates, R.O., Kelpinski, J. and Hines, B. 1998. Weaned sows treated with P.G. 600 during winter months. J. Anim. Sci 76 (Suppl. 2): 35 (Abstr.).
- Korthals, R. L. and Bates, R.O. 1998 A comparison of electronic management methods with conventional methods. J. Anim. Sci 76 (Suppl.1):63 (Abstr.).
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