Progress 10/01/08 to 09/30/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Researcher. The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT investigates the impact of three-dimensional digital software on the practice of interior design. Individual experiments study virtual wayfinding and navigation, design process and ideation, computer-assisted teaming, and virtual dissemination of scholarship. Researcher. The WATCHTOWER PROJECT explores the relationship between vernacular and everyday ordinary Chinese architecture, modern building technology during the early twentieth century and returning Overseas Chinese. Kaiping, a rural village in southern China's Guangdong province, west of the Pearl River Delta, is the epicenter of this intersection; a region populated with just over 1800 watchtowers constructed during the first quarter of the twentieth century. Research thus far suggests further study about cultural authenticity, hybridity and acculturation of domestic spaces populated by Overseas Chinese. Co-Director. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT, initiated by Professor Jan Jennings in 1997 at Cornell University, names contemporary design practices that have not been named, thereby providing designers with an interior-specific, history-specific, and contemporary design-specific vocabulary. Approximately 100 archetypes have been developed by the team of educators and graduate students. The project also offers an innovative approach to further design criticism and design sustainability. It is the first project of its kind to assemble contemporary design theory in an interactive and searchable database using primary source imagery. The key deliverable of Interior Archetypes is its web site. PARTICIPANTS: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: Professor Jan Jennings, Cornell University; 30+ undergraduate and graduate interior design and architecture students. INTERIOR ARCHETYPES TEACHING AND RESEARCH PROJECT: Cornell University Faculty, Jan Jennings, Professor, Interior Design, Cornell University; Paula H. Horrigan, Associate Professor, Landscape Architecture, Cornell University; E.D. Intemann, Resident Lighting Designer & Senior Lecturer, Theatre, Film and Dance, Cornell University; Graduate Students, Joanne Kwan, Arar Patterson, Nathan Wasilewski, Sue Yin, Erin Lee; Professional Collaborators, Susan S. Szenasy, Editor-in-Chief, Metropolis magazine, New York City; Abigail R. Brueggeman, Senior Project Manager, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago; Christopher Budd, Managing Principal, Studios Architecture, Washington, D.C.; Elizabeth O'Brien, Designer, CAMA Incorporated, New Haven; Leah Scolere, Designer, Gensler, Denver. TARGET AUDIENCES: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: university students and educators in professional programs of interior design, industrial design and architecture. The WATCHTOWER PROJECT: researchers, educators and university students researching cultural domestic space. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT: university students majoring in professional programs of interior design; architects and designers in practice; design history and design researchers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT. Results found that patterns of movement and wayfinding in the physical environment parallel those in virtual space and lead to improved web site design. The WATCHTOWER PROJECT. Recently named a UNESCO site, this study is the first to analyze the interiors of Mingshi Lou. Initial findings suggest supplementary study of the tower interiors will enrich the understanding of interior design by way of cultural authenticity, hybridity and acculturation of domestic spaces. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT. Over 100 researched archetypes establish a typology of contemporary interior design practices derived from reiterative historical designs that span time and style and cross cultural boundaries. Knowledge generated from these studies changes the way in which contemporary interior design is taught and discussed, practiced and criticized.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/07 to 09/30/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Researcher. The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT investigates the impact of three-dimensional digital software on the practice of interior design. Individual experiments study virtual wayfinding and navigation, design process and ideation, computer-assisted teaming, and virtual dissemination of scholarship. Researcher. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT, initiated by Professor Jan Jennings in 1997 at Cornell University, names contemporary design practices that have not been named, thereby providing designers with an interior-specific, history-specific, and contemporary design-specific vocabulary. Approximately 100 archetypes have been developed by the team of educators and graduate students. The project also offers an innovative approach to further design criticism and design sustainability. It is the first project of its kind to assemble contemporary design theory in an interactive and searchable database using primary source imagery. The key deliverable of Interior Archetypes is its web site. PARTICIPANTS: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: Professor Jan Jennings, Cornell University; 30+ undergraduate and graduate interior design and architecture students. INTERIOR ARCHETYPES TEACHING AND RESEARCH PROJECT: Cornell University Faculty, Jan Jennings, Professor, Interior Design, Cornell University; Paula H. Horrigan, Associate Professor, Landscape Architecture, Cornell University; E.D. Intemann, Resident Lighting Designer & Senior Lecturer, Theatre, Film and Dance, Cornell University; Graduate Students, Najung Kim, Rachel Goldfarb, Jasmin Cho, Marta Mendez, Erin Lee; Professional Collaborators, Susan S. Szenasy, Editor-in-Chief, Metropolis magazine, New York City; Abigail R. Brueggeman, Senior Project Manager, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago; Christopher Budd, Managing Principal, Studios Architecture, Washington, D.C.; Elizabeth O'Brien, Designer, CAMA Incorporated, New Haven; Leah Scolere, Designer, Gensler, Denver TARGET AUDIENCES: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: university students and educators in professional programs of interior design, industrial design and architecture. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT: university students majoring in professional programs of interior design; architects and designers in practice; design history and design researchers. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT. Results from one study established a method to improve creative teaming and group dynamics. Use of the computer to combine several three-dimensional ideas into a composite was valuable for groups of designers and supported consensus better than using traditional, manual techniques. A second study looked at Internet navigation and if/how virtual space parallels behaviors found in the physical environment. Studying patterns of movement and wayfinding in the physical environment lead to improved web site design. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT. Over 100 researched archetypes establish a typology of contemporary interior design practices derived from reiterative historical designs that span time and style and cross cultural boundaries. Knowledge generated from these studies changes the way in which contemporary interior design is taught and discussed, practiced and criticized.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 10/01/06 to 09/30/07
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Researcher. The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT investigates the impact of three-dimensional digital software on the practice of interior design. Individual experiments study virtual wayfinding and navigation, design process and ideation, computer-assisted teaming, and virtual dissemination of scholarship. Researcher. The WORMLEY PROJECT studies the life, work and influence of Edward J Wormley, noted American mid-century furniture and interior designer. A component of the project was to catalog over 1100 pieces designed by Wormley for Dunbar Furniture Company in Berne, Indiana. Analysis of his furniture production and interior design practice is ongoing. Contributor. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT, initiated by Professor Jan Jennings in 1997 at Cornell University, names contemporary design practices that have not been named, thereby providing designers with an interior-specific, history-specific, and contemporary design-specific vocabulary. Approximately 100
archetypes have been developed by the team of educators and graduate students. The project also offers an innovative approach to further design criticism and design sustainability. It is the first project of its kind to assemble contemporary design theory in an interactive and searchable database using primary source imagery. The key deliverable of Interior Archetypes is its web site.
PARTICIPANTS: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: Professor Jan Jennings, Cornell University; 30+ undergraduate and graduate interior design and architecture students. The WORMLEY PROJECT: Katherine Richardson, Interior Designer, Austin, Texas; 17 undergraduate interior design students. INTERIOR ARCHETYPES TEACHING AND RESEARCH PROJECT: Cornell University Faculty, Jan Jennings, Professor, Interior Design, Cornell University; Paula H. Horrigan, Associate Professor, Landscape Architecture, Cornell University; E.D. Intemann, Resident Lighting Designer & Senior Lecturer, Theatre, Film and Dance, Cornell University; Graduate Students, Najung Kim, Rachel Goldfarb, Jasmin Cho, Marta Mendez, Erin Lee; Professional Collaborators, Susan S. Szenasy, Editor-in-Chief, Metropolis magazine, New York City; Abigail R. Brueggeman, Senior Project Manager, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago; Christopher Budd, Managing Principal, Studios Architecture, Washington, D.C.; Elizabeth O'Brien, Designer, CAMA
Incorporated, New Haven; Leah Scolere, Designer, Gensler, Denver
TARGET AUDIENCES: The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT: university students and educators in professional programs of interior design, industrial design and architecture. The WORMLEY PROJECT: researchers, educators and university students researching interior and product design; collectors of mid-century modern furniture, including private collectors and museums. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT: university students majoring in professional programs of interior design; architects and designers in practice; design history and design researchers.
Impacts
The DIGITAL MEDIA PROJECT. Results from one study established a method to improve creative teaming and group dynamics. Use of the computer to combine several three-dimensional ideas into a composite was valuable for groups of designers and supported consensus better than using traditional, manual techniques. A second study looked at Internet navigation and if/how virtual space parallels behaviors found in the physical environment. Studying patterns of movement and wayfinding in the physical environment lead to improved web site design. The WORMLEY PROJECT. Results from one study found that Edward Wormley was more prolific and central to mid-century modern residential design than previously acknowledged in the literature. Analysis of Wormely's life and professional work will contribute to a deeper understanding of aesthetics, materials, and production processes of highly-styled wooden furniture in the 20th century. The INTERIOR ARCHETYPES RESEARCH AND TEACHING PROJECT.
Over 100 researched archetypes establish a typology of contemporary interior design practices derived from reiterative historical designs that span time and style and cross cultural boundaries. Knowledge generated from these studies changes the way in which contemporary interior design is taught and discussed, practiced and criticized.
Publications
- Gibson, K. 2007. Automated creativity: Digital morphology and the design process. Journal of Interior Design.
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Progress 01/01/06 to 12/31/06
Outputs
Activity occurred within three areas of scholarship: design history, design education and digital design. The first project investigated the work of Edward J Wormley, noted American furniture designer, whose contributions have been overlooked by the design community. His personal and professional papers were recently obtained by Cornell University and are located in Kroch Archives. Assessment of his work involved researching the entire body of work: more than 1,000 pieces of furniture which is now the most comprehensive database of his furniture designs. The second area of investigation is in evolutionary design as an effective means for teaming and collaborative design. Results from this project were detailed in a manuscript which was submitted for publication. The third project, which explored virtual reality and wayfinding resulted in a referred publication.
Impacts
Results identified the role of Edward Wormley to 20th century modern furniture design, his impact on the furniture industry as compared to other known furniture designers, such as Eames, Nelson, Risom, and noted the social influence his furniture had on residential and corporate interior design. Conclusion of the Morphology project revealed not only that the process of manufacturing hybrid form contributed to successful ideation but that combining alternate ideas had a positive affect on teaming and group dynamics. Results from the VR Wayfinding experiment supported previous research conclusions that landmarks serve as important mental cues to aid wayfinding, and that gender is an important factor in defining meaningful cues within a building interior. Moreover, the study revealed that the describability of landmarks improved wayfinding which may reduce loss of life in emergency situations.
Publications
- Jung, J.W. and Gibson, K. 2007. The use of landmarks in fire emergencies: a study of gender and the descriptive quality of landmarks on successful wayfinding. Journal of Interior Design, 32(2) 45-57.
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Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
Software used to investigate virtual navigation was discontinued by manufacturer. Project 'Atmosphere and Virtual Wayfinding' is on hold until replacement software is located. Project to investigate evolutionary form as an alternate method of creative ideation resulted in a manuscript, Morphology, Creativity and the Design Process, submitted to the Journal of Interior Design. A third project, which explored virtual reality and wayfinding resulted in a publication (in press), 'The Use of Landmarks in Fire Emergencies: A Study of Gender and the Descriptive Quality of Landmarks on Successful Wayfinding.'
Impacts
Results from the Morphology project found systematic digital combination of three-dimensional conceptual form assisted in teaming and group dynamics. A manuscript outlining knowledge gained from this project was submitted to the Journal of Interior Design for publication. Results from the VR Wayfinding experiment supported previous research conclusions that landmarks serve as important mental cues to aid wayfinding. Moreover, the study revealed that the describability of landmarks improved wayfinding. This research resulted in one article (in press) in the Journal of Interior Design.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
A new software application in conjunction with others is being investigated for its ability to model virtual navigation and wayfinding measures. This project, Atmosphere and Virtual Wayfinding, explores parallels in physical and virtual motion. A paper, Human Behavior in Fire Emergencies: A Study of Wayfinding, Gender, and Landmarks in a Virtual Environment, was submitted to the Journal of Interior Design. New Wayfinding Paradigms: Virtual Navigation and Physical Circulation investigates connections between online navigation and offline circulation. Continuing on this theme is another project, e-Retailing and Consumer Behavior. This study explores the relationship between online and offline consumer behavior. A paper is near completion from this project.
Impacts
Based on findings from the white paper With an Eye Toward the Future: Electronic Publishing and the Journal of Interior Design complete, the first JID e-issue was published in March 2004. This alternate method of dissemination was well received by its audience as it was unveiled at the Interior Design Educators Council National Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Using virtual wayfinding to study human behavior may offer improved methods to design building interiors that improve physical conditions for human navigation. During times of great stress, such as emergency conditions, the ability to correctly navigate the interior and exit the building may be the difference between life and death. Studying connections between virtual navigation and physical wayfinding may offer a new vision for web design. Specific to this project, the study may prove valuable to the e-retail industry and web designers. It is expected, however, that knowledge gained from this
project is applicable beyond the e-retailing industry.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
Developed white paper With an Eye Toward the Future: Electronic Publishing and the Journal of Interior Design that studied e-publication for scholarly dissemination. Results found that e-journals have capitalized on the obvious benefits of electronic publication: reduced costs and wider audiences. What remains obscured in e-publication practices, however, is how to improve upon existing, antiquated academic journal model. Rising complaints, such as increased length of time between submission and publication, media limitations, submission barriers, as well as author stressors (publish or perish) have not necessarily been solved through the emergence of e-publication. Some have concluded that academic journals in general are in need of a fresh perspective. Findings from this project substantiate this viewpoint. Specific to computer-aided design (CAD), I study the effect digital media has on creativity, studio education, and human behavior. Architectural Studio and
Schematic Design is a project that studies the use of new digital sketching and modeling software for design ideation. Currently the software is being used in two design courses to evaluate application and its usefulness in studio education. Another new software application is being investigated for its ability to model virtual navigation and wayfinding measures. This project, Atmosphere and Virtual Wayfinding, explores parallels in physical and virtual motion. New Wayfinding Paradigms, Virtual Navigation and Physical Circulation investigates connections between online navigation and offline circulation. Continuing on this theme is another project, e-Retailing and Consumer Behavior. This study explores the relationship between online and offline consumer behavior. Survey data for this project has been collected and analyzed. A paper is in progress from this project.
Impacts
Study of e-journals and e-publication uncovered new information and substantiated current practices. Findings enabled the Journal of Interior Design to advance toward their goal of developing an annual e-issue for publication and dissemination. The first multi-media, scholarly e-issue for the Interior Design discipline is scheduled for publication in March 2004. Use of sketching software for conceptual design and modeling software for virtual navigation are new ventures and have important implications for design education. Parallels between virtual navigation and physical wayfinding may offer a new vision for web design. The study to compare online and offline consumer behavior will provide valuable new information for retailers and retail designers.
Publications
- Gibson, K. 2003. Spatial Mapping: Connections between Virtual and Physical Navigation, 21st International eCAADe Conference Proceedings, Graz, Austria.
- K. Gibson 2003. Designing Offline Space using Online Way finding Data. 2003 Interior Design Educators Council (IDEC) Conference Proceedings, San Diego, California.
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
"With an Eye Toward the Future: Electronic Publishing and the Journal of Interior Design". Developed white paper that studied e-publication for scholarly dissemination. Results found that e-journals have capitalized on the obvious benefits of electronic publication-reduced costs and wider audiences. What remains obscured in e-publication practices, however, is how to improve upon existing, antiquated academic journal model. Rising complaints, such as increased length of time between submission and publication, media limitations, submission barriers, as well as author stressors (publish or perish) have not necessarily been solved through the emergence of e-publication. Some have concluded that academic journals in general are in need of a fresh perspective. Findings from this project substantiate this viewpoint. Specific to computer-aided design (CAD), I study the effect digital media has on creativity, studio education, and human behavior. "Architectural Studio and
Schematic Design" is a project that studies the use of new digital sketching and modeling software for design ideation. Currently the software is being used in two design courses to evaluate application and its usefulness in studio education. "New Wayfinding Paradigms, Virtual Navigation and Physical Circulation" investigates connections between online navigation and offline circulation. Continuing on this theme is another project, "e-Retailing and Consumer Behavior." This study explores the relationship between online and offline consumer behavior. Survey data for this project has been collected but not yet analyzed concerning online retailing and consumer behavior.
Impacts
Study of e-journals and e-publication uncovered new information and substantiated current practices. Findings enabled the Journal of Interior Design to advance toward their goal of developing an annual e-issue for publication and dissemination. Use of sketching software for conceptual design is a new venture and has important implications for design education. Parallels between virtual navigation and physical wayfinding may offer a new vision for web design. The study to compare online and offline consumer behavior will provide valuable new information for retailers and retail designers.
Publications
- Gibson, K. 2003. Designing Offline Space using Online Way finding Data." 2003 Interior Design Educators Council (IDEC) Conference Proceedings, San Diego, California. (in press)
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
IIDA Grant: 'Teaming Aross the Internet' To remain competitive in a global economy, design education and practice must continually develop new strategies that support collective and creative processes. The recent advent of digital technology and Internet connectivity has naturally given rise to alternate methods of work, i.e., remote, electronic bulletin boards, teleconferencing, etc. The goal of this study was to investigate computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) in a global context and its impact on team dynamics and studio culture. A comparative study, this project proposed to explore five factors found in the traditional studio model: time, attitude, accessibility, environment, and identity. The survey instrument relied on Likert scales, bipolar adjectives, multiple choice, and short answer. A total of sixty questions were authored to explore issues of time, attitude, accessibility, environment, and identity. The survey resides at
http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/dea302/302_sw.htm. Gibson's intent was to use the survey at the beginning and the end of the design project to compare both preconceived notions and actual responses to Internet teaming. Unfortunately this did not occur due to unexpected circumstances. In actuality, the colleagues in Belgium and Japan were less prepared for this project. One week prior to the start of this experiment and without warning the University of Tokyo withdrew from the exercise resulting in great turmoil. St. Lucas had technical support/server difficulties that impeded online connection and caused a negative impact on group work. In fact, no design collaboration actually occurred online; instead, students at the two remaining universities (St. Lucas, Cornell) worked independently and used the online server to post their initial concepts and display their final work. Sadly, international teams were never realized. Because the survey depended entirely on students working
collaboratively across the Internet the survey was never administered, as it would have produced faulty results. IDEC Grant: 'With an Eye Toward the Future: Electronic Publishing and the Journal of Interior Design' Creation of new knowledge and dissemination to the community at large is one of the fundamental missions of academia and related scholarly organizations. With an existing two volume annual print publication schedule, the Journal of Interior Design Board is committed to creating a third issue using digital media. The board, however, has no strategic plan to attain this goal. Needed is an initial study that can enlighten the board and provide a foundation on which to make informed decisions.
Impacts
IIDA Grant: 'Teaming Aross the Internet' Knowledge and experience gained through the Non-Stop Studio project has provided a foundation on which to build future experiments with Internet teaming and collaboration. IDEC Grant: 'With an Eye Toward the Future: Electronic Publishing and the Journal of Interior Design' Missing from the literature and needed by the Journal of Interior Design (JID) is a white paper that places information about technology, cost, cost recovery, legal issues, security, design, and policy in context with a small publication, such as JID, and the discipline of interior design.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
Received a grant from the International Interior Design Association (IIDA) to study teamming across the Internet. Of interest is how CSCW contributes to studio work, augments design processes, and affects team culture and dynamics. This project is at an early stage of progress.
Impacts
Knowledge from this study will provide teamming guidelines and communication methods for businesses entering and competing in the global market.
Publications
- Dong, W. amd Gibson, K. 2000. Arquitectura Y Diseno por Computadora. Mexico: McGraw-Hill.
- Gibson, K. 2000. Cyber-ideation and its application for creative problem solving. Proceedings of the Symposium on Systems Research in the Arts, 12th International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics.
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
Research on the application of digital media in design education is complete.
Impacts
Findings challenge current pedagogical methods and faculty attitudes about the use of CAD in design education.
Publications
- Gibson, K. (1999). Convergent and divergent thinking with CAD. Journal of Design Communication.
- Gibson, K. (2000). Learning-centered environments: re-thinking design and pedagogy. Proceedings of 1999 Symposium for Learning-Centered Environments.
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
Goals of this project are to investigate computer graphics for creative inquiry. Computer-aided design (CAD) is widely accepted for production tasks, but has remained insignificant for ideation. The first phase of this project is complete. Surveys were mailed and returned; data received and analyzed. Two articles were submitted to journals for peer review. Both discuss the national absence of computer use in studio education. Significance results in students ill-prepared to enter the workforce. The second phase of this project is on schedule. Data was collected; analysis is nearing completion. One article is in progress. The final phase is ongoing. Progress was slowed due to inadequate computer support. This situation was recently corrected, allowing the project to resume. Unfortunately, this phase is behind schedule due to noted circumstances.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
Since last year, data had been collected and is in the process of being analyzed. Results generated by this study are to be presented at the ACADIA conference in Quebec later this year. Articles based on these findings are currently in progress.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
Due to the summer renovation of the CAD Lab and serious technical problems whichlimited computer use during the Fall 1995 semester, I have made modest, incremental progress on the "Computer Simulation and its Effectiveness in Design Education" research project. In December I hired a student to begin preparing testing stimuli and to assist with developing the survey instrument. The schedule for this research project will depend heavily on the amount of student progress made during the next few months.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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