Progress 01/01/05 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The effect of compaction produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. In November 2002, the plots were re-compacted for the first time since 1989. The annual subsoil plots were deep tilled in 2002, 2003, and again on Oct. 27, 2004, but the others were left as no-till. This was a change from the previous practice (for crop years 1988-2002) of chisel plowing after compacting the plots (and every fall afterwards). The 18 Mg load (no subsoiling) reduced corn yields 2 percent but increased soybean yields 4 percent compared to the control plots which had been uniformly tracked with a 4.5 Mg load. The three year average shows about a 6% decrease for both crops. Subsoiling had either no effect or decreased yield slightly, as much as 2% for soybeans and 6% for corn. This was the second year in a row (and fourth since 1992) that subsoiling reduced yield. This soil
usually benefits from deep tillage, even where there are no heavy compacting loads. From 1992 to 2002, subsoiling increased corn yields in control plots by an average of 3 percent and soybean yields by 12 percent. We recompacted the plots in November 2005. The soil was moist. We will maintain no-till conditions on one-third of the plots. One-third was subsoiled soon after compacting. In an attempt to learn more about mid-winter subsoiling we plan to subsoil the other third in January if weather conditions allow.
Impacts
The changes in soil physical properties caused by heavy loads (18 Mg) can last many years, resulting in long-term yield loss. However in this instance, in the third year after compaction we had insignificant effect on yields. Subsoiling usually helps alleviate the yield reductions, but did not have much effect for this 3-year period. Soybeans averaged about 6% more after subsoiling, but corn showed no increase in yield.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/05
Outputs
The effect of compaction produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation was investigated from 1987 through 2006 on Hoytville silty clay loam. The first three years the plots were compacted each fall. Tillage practices were fall chisel (after compaction) and light spring tillage before planting. The fall of 1990 subsoiling was added as a corrective measure. The 12-row plots were split into 4-row plots for these subsoiling treatments: none, annual, and occasional. November 2002, the plots were re-compacted for the first time since 1989. The annual subsoil plots were deep tilled, but the others were left as no-till. This was a major change from the previous practice of chisel plowing for crop years 1988-2002. In fall 2005 the plots were compacted. Yields for the 18-Mg plots had an annual average about 18% less than the control for both corn and soybeans over the period 1988-2002. Even the last 9 years averaged about 8%
less. Yields for the 9-Mg plots were reduced about 15% the first four years, but had essentially recovered by 1992, subsoiling produced yields similar to the control. Subsoiling at a depth of 35 to 45 cm increased yields of the 18-Mg plots, but they still averaged 10% less than control. Interestingly, subsoiling increased yields of the control plots (ones with maximum axle loads of 4.5 Mg). Soybeans increased 12%, and corn 3%. These results show that this soil is affected by machinery compaction, even after deep tillage is used to alleviate the changes in soil structure. Also, this soil appears to "naturally compact" because deep tillage improves yields even on soil that should not need any loosening. Once the plots were switched to no-till after the 2002 compaction, the 18-Mg plot soybean yields averaged 13% less than control for 2003-2006. The corn yields, 2003-2005, averaged 8% less than control. Subsoiling reduced yields except for one year. Soil physical properties were measured
in 1995, 2000 and 2003. Cone penetration resistance in 1995 was significantly increased by compaction in the 25-50cm depth range, an average 4.8% for the 9-Mg load and 14.5% for the 18-Mg load. Effects on total porosity and dry density in a wider depth 10-50cm, were significant for only the 18-Mg load. The average total porosity was 40.5% for control, 39.6% for 9-Mg, and 39.1% for the 18-Mg plots. Dry density was increased by an average of 1.5% for the 9-Mg load and 2.3% for the 18-Mg load. Air permeability measurements gave inconclusive results. In July 2000, cone penetrometer readings showed the 18-Mg compacted soil was still more dense than the non-compacted soil, almost 11 years after the last intentional compaction treatment. Even subsoiling did not totally alleviate the effects of compaction on soil physical properties. June 2003, measurements were taken with a cone penetrometer after compaction the previous fall. The readings for subsoiled plots were fairly uniform in a range
of 120 to 160 psi to a depth of 30cm, then increased consistently to 250 psi at 45cm. The plots that were not subsoiled had greater resistance, increasing consistently from 150 psi at 150 mm depth to 300 psi at 45cm
Impacts
The changes in soil physical properties caused by heavy loads (18 Mg/axle) can last many years, resulting in long-term yield loss of more than 10%. The 9 Mg/axle compaction load reduced yields, but they recovered by the second growing season. Subsoiling usually helps alleviate yield reductions for soil type studied but does not return yields to 100%.
Publications
- Hakansson, I. and R.C. Reeder. 1994. Subsoil compaction by vehicles with high axle load - extent, persistence and crop response. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 29: 277-304.
- AL-ADAWI, SEIF SALIM. 1995. Long Term Effects of Compaction and Subsoiling on Corn and Soybean Yields and Soil Physical Properties. M.S. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus.
- AL-ADAWI, S. and R. REEDER. 1995. Long Term Effects of Compaction and Subsoiling on Corn and Soybean Yields and Soil Physical Properties. Abstracts of the Agricultural Equipment Technology Conference. ASAE, Chicago, IL, Nov. 1-4.
- Al-Adawi, S.S. and R.C. Reeder, 1996. Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn and soybean yields and soil physical properties. TRANSACTIONS of the ASAE. Vol. 39: 1641-1649.
- Wood, R.K., M.T. Morgan, R.G. Holmes, K.N. Brodbeck, T.G. Carpenter, and R.C. Reeder. 1991 Soil Physical Properties as Affected by Traffic: Single, Dual, and Flotation Tires. TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE, Vol. 34:2363-2369.
- Reeder, R.C., R.K. Wood and C.L. Finck. 1993. Five subsoiler designs and their effects on soil and crop yields. TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE, Vol. 36:1525-1531
- Wood R.K., R.C. Reeder, M.T. Morgan, and R.G. Holmes. 1993. Soil physical properties as affected by grain cart traffic. TRANSACTIONS OF ASAE. Vol. 36:11-15.
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Progress 01/01/04 to 12/31/04
Outputs
The effect of compaction produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. On November 6, 2002, the plots were re-compacted for the first time since 1989. The annual subsoil plots were deep tilled in 2002, and again on Nov. 3, 2003, but the others were left as no-till. This is a change from the previous practice (for crop years 1988-2002) of chisel plowing after compacting the plots (and every fall afterwards). The 18 Mg load (no subsoiling) reduced corn yields 5 percent and soybean yields 13 percent. Subsoiling increased soybean yield by 4 percent in the control plots, and 10 percent in the 18 Mg plots. However, subsoiling decreased the corn yield in the control plots by 3 percent, and by 5 percent in the 18 Mg plots. This was only the third year since 1992 that subsoiling reduced yield. This year continued a trend of subsoiling giving a bigger yield boost to
soybeans than to corn. This soil usually benefits from deep tillage, even where there are no heavy compacting loads. From 1992 to 2002, subsoiling increased corn yields in control plots by an average of 3 percent and soybean yields by 12 percent. We plan to recompact the plots again in autumn 2005, and maintain no-till conditions except in subsoiled plots.
Impacts
The changes in soil physical properties caused by heavy loads (18 Mg) last many years, resulting in long-term yield loss. Subsoiling helps alleviate the yield reductions. In a no-till situation, compaction the previous fall with an 18 Mg axle load reduced corn and soybean yields about 10 percent.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/03 to 12/31/03
Outputs
The effect of compaction produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. On November 6, 2002, the plots were re-compacted for the first time since 1989. The 'annual subsoil' plots were deep tilled, but the others were left as 'no-till' for 2003. This is a change from the previous practice of chisel plowing after compacting plots (and every fall afterwards). The 18 Mg load (no subsoiling) reduced corn yields 10 percent and soybean yields 12 percent. Subsoiling had essentially no effect on soybean yields. However, subsoiling increased the corn yield in the control plots by 10 percent, but decreased the yield in the 18 Mg plots by 10 percent. Compaction measurements were taken with a cone penetrometer in the control, 9 Mg and 18 Mg plots on June 24, 2003. The readings for subsoiled plots were fairly uniform in a range of 120 to 160 psi from a depth of 2 inches
to 12 inches, then increased consistently to 250 psi at 18 inch depth. The plots that were not subsoiled had greater resistance, increasing consistently from 150 psi at 6 inch depth to 300 psi at 18 inches. Since rainfall was plentiful during the growing season, any resistance to deep root growth likely had no effect on yield. It is noteworthy that in the previous eleven years, where the plots were last compacted in 1989, both corn and soybean yields averaged about 10 percent lower in the 18 Mg plots compared to control. This soil usually benefits from deep tillage, even where there are no heavy compacting loads. Over the previous eleven years subsoiling increased corn yields in control plots by an average of 3 percent and soybean yields by 12 percent. For the 18 Mg plots subsoiling increased corn yields by about 2 percent and soybean yields by 7 percent
Impacts
The changes in soil physical properties caused by heavy loads (18 Mg) last many years, resulting in long-term yield loss. Subsoiling helps alleviate the yield reductions. In a no-till situation, compaction the previous fall with an 18 Mg axle load reduced corn and soybean yields about 10 percent.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/02 to 12/31/02
Outputs
OHO 00914 (2002) The effect of annual compaction (1987-1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The effect of compaction on soil physical properties continues to depress yields, but not every year. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have usually equaled the control plots. The 18 Mg load continues to give reduced yields in some years. Yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%, then dipped in 1996. Yields in 1997 nearly equaled control. In 1998 corn and soybean yields were 15% and 7% below the control yields, respectively. In 1999 yields were essentially equal. But in 2000, corn yields were 7 % lower and soybeans were 12% lower. In 2001 corn yields were only 3% below control, and soybeans yields were equal. In 2002 weather was the major factor. Rain delayed corn
planting till May 31, then extreme dry weather during prime growing season (1.3 cm rain from June 7 to July 23) reduced corn yields to less than half of normal. The 18 Mg plots were about 10% less than control. Soybeans were drilled June 3, and had fair yields thanks to late summer rains. The 18 Mg plots were about 9% below control. Subsoiling every year, or every two or three years, has given close to a 5% yield increase since 1992. In 2002 subsoiling had no effect on corn. For soybeans, the plots subsoiled the previous fall had about 10% lower yield, perhaps because that soil held less available water. In November, the plots were re-compacted for the first time since 1989. The "annual subsoil" plots were deep tilled, but the others were left as "no-till" for 2003.
Impacts
The changes in soil physical properties caused by heavy loads (18 Mg/axle) last for many years, resulting in long-term yield loss. Subsoiling helps aleviate the yield reductions. On Hoytville silty clay loam, subsoiling improves yields even where there is no significant compaction from machinery.
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/01 to 12/31/01
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987?1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The effect of compaction on soil physical properties continues to depress yields, but not every year. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have usually equaled the control plots. The 18 Mg load continues to give reduced yields in some years. Yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%, then dipped in 1996. Yields in 1997 nearly equaled control. In 1998 corn and soybean yields were 15% and 7% below the control yields, respectively. In 1999 yields were essentially equal. But in 2000, corn yields were 7 % lower and soybeans were 12% lower. In 2001 corn yields were only 3% below control, and soybeans yields were equal. Subsoiling every year, or every two or three years, continues to improve
yields slightly, averaging about a 5% yield increase since 1992. In 2001 subsoiling increased corn yields 4%, but had no effect on soybeans.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/00 to 12/31/00
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987_1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The effect of compaction on soil physical properties continues to depress yields, but not every year. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have usually equaled the control plots. The 18 Mg load continues to give reduced yields. Yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%, then dipped in 1996. Yields in 1997 nearly equaled control. In 1998 corn and soybean yields were 15% and 7% below the control yields, respectively. In 1999 yields were essentially equal. But in 2000, corn yields were 7 % lower and soybeans were 12% lower. Subsoiling continues to improve yields, averaging about a 5% yield increase since 1992. Cone penetrometer readings taken in July 2000 show the 18 Mg compacted soil is
still more dense than the non-compacted soil, almost 11 years after the last intentional compaction treatment. Load cell readings were greater from about 100 mm to 450 mm depth. Even subsoiling did not totally alleviate the effects of compaction on soil physical properties.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- 2000/01 to 2000/12 No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/99 to 12/31/99
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987-1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. In 1999, the tenth season following the last compaction, there were no significant yield effects. For the plots compacted with the 18 Mg load, yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%. Yields then dipped in 1996 and recovered in 1997. In 1998 corn yields were 15% below the control yields. Soybean yields were within 7%, but statistically equal. Since subsoiling became a part of the experiment in 1991, the average yield for those deep tilled plots has been about 5% above the non-subsoiled treatments. In 1999 there was no difference among the plots.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/98 to 12/31/98
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (19871989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The effect of compaction on soil physical properties continues to depress yields. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have usually equaled the control plots. In 1998 corn yields were 7% lower (almost statistically significant). The 18 Mg load continues to give reduced yields. Yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%, then dipped in 1996. Yields in 1997 nearly equaled control. In 1998 corn yields were 15% below the control yields. Soybean yields were within 7%, but statistically equal. Subsoiling continued to improve yields. Plots that have been subsoiled every other year since autumn 1991 had a 25% increase for soybeans and a 5%increase for corn in 1998. The seven year average for those
plots has been about 5% above the non-subsoiled treatments. The plots that have been subsoiled only twice, in autumn 1993 and 1997, had the same yield advantage for each crop (25% and 5%) as plots subsoiled every other year. This is not surprising because both sets of plots were subsoiled in 1997.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- No publications reported this period
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Progress 01/01/97 to 12/31/97
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987-1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have equaled the control plots. However, the 18 Mg load continues to affect yields slightly. Yields nearly recovered in 1994 and 1995, lagging the control plots by only 7%, then dipped unexpectedly in 1996. Corn yields in 1997 were 4% below the control, and soybean yields were 2% below. Subsoiling continued to improve yields. Plots that have been subsoiled every other year since autumn 1991 had a 2% increase for soybeans and a 5% increase for corn in 1997. The six year average for those plots has been about 5% above the non-subsoil treatments. The plots that have been subsoiled only once, in autumn 1993, had no yield advantage for soybeans and only 2% improvement for corn in 1997.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Al-Adawi, S.S. and Reeder, R.C. 1996. Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn and soybean yields and soil physical properties. Transcations of the ASAE 39(5):1641-1649.
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Progress 01/01/96 to 12/30/96
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987-1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, but since then those yields have equaled the control plots. However, the 18 Mg load continues to affect yields. After yields nearly recovered, lagging the control plots by only 7% in 1994 and 1995, corn yields in 1996 were 15% below the control, and soybean yields were 26% below. Subsoiling continued to improve soybean yields of all treatments including control where 9 Mg and 18 Mg plots, respectively, were 23%, 16% and 30%. As in previous years, corn yields were not increased as much as soybeans. Corn yield increases, respectively, were 4%, 7% and a 2% loss. Overall,increased yields from subsoiling every two years more than covered the extra cost of deep tillage, even on the non-compacted control plots. Unusual
weather reduced overall yields. A wet spring delayed planting until June, then a very dry summer stressed plants.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- Al-Adawi, S.S. and Reeder, R.C. 1996. Compaction and subsoiling effects on corn and soybean yields and soil physical properties. Transcations of the ASAE 39(5):1641-1649.
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Progress 01/01/95 to 12/30/95
Outputs
The effect of annual compaction (1987-1989) produced by wheel traffic of 9 and 18 Mg per axle, as well as subsoiling, for corn/soybean rotation continues to be investigated on Hoytville silty clay loam. The 9 Mg load significantly reduced yields until 1992, while the 18 Mg load continues to affect yields, reducing them by about 7% in 1995. The 9 Mg load reduced corn yield by 18% for 1988-91 and 5% for 1992-95, and soybean yield by 13% for 1988-91. The 9 Mg load actually increased soybean yield by 3% for 1992-95. The 18 Mg load reduced corn yield by 39% for 1988-91 and 13% for 1992-95, and soybean yield by 36% for 1988-91 and 20% for 1992-95. Subsoiling generally improved yields of all treatments including control. Yields of previously compacted plots for 1992-95 were less than the subsoiled and non-subsoiled control plots. Cone index, air-filled porosity, density and air permeability were measured in 1995. Cone penetration resistance was significantly increased by
compaction at 25-50cm depth, an average 4.8% for the 9 Mg load and 14.5% for the 18 Mg load. The effect on total porosity and dry density was in a wider depth range (10-50cm), but was significant for only the 18 Mg load. The average total porosity (10-50 cm) was 40.5% for control, 39.6% for 9 Mg, and 39.1% for the 18 Mg plots. Dry density was increased by an average of 1.5% for the 9 Mg load and 2.3% for the 18 Mg load. Air permeability measurements gave inconclusive results. Subsoiling improved all plots.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/94 to 12/30/94
Outputs
Compaction research continues at the Northwest Branch OARDC at Hoytville. Plots intentionally compacted each fall (1987-89) suffered severe yield losses through 1991. Subsoiling one-third of each plot in October, 1991, improved yields in 1992 but did not have the desired effect of equalizing yields. The same third of each plot was subsoiled again in fall, 1993, and an additional third were subsoiled for the first time. Despite an overall dry summer in 1994, timely rains resulted in high yields. For corn, five years since the last compaction, yield on the 9 t/axle plots was 96 percent of control, and on the 18 t/axle plots it was 93 percent. Subsoiling gave no more than a 3 percent increase. For soybeans, yield on the 9 t/axle plots was 4 percent above control, but on the 18 t/axle it was 92 percent of control. Subsoiling increased soybean yields by 5 to 14 percent.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- HAKANSSON, I. AND R.C. REEDER. 1994. Subsoil compaction by vehicles with high axle load - extent, persistence and crop response. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 29: 277-304.
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Progress 01/01/93 to 12/30/93
Outputs
Compaction research continues at the Northwest Branch OARDC at Hoytville. Plots intentionally compacted each fall (1987-89) suffered severe yield losses through 1991. Subsoiling one-third of each plot in October 1991 improved yields in 1992 but did not have the desired effect of equalizing yields. Because of wet soil conditions in fall, 1992, no additional subsoiling could be done. In 1993 drought caused lower yields overall. For control and 9 t/axle plots, yields were consistent for both corn and soybeans, subsoiled or not subsoiled. Variation was no more than 3 percent. However the yields in the 18 t/axle compacted plots were still low four years after the last intentional compaction. For corn, the area not subsoiled yielded 90 percent of control, and the subsoiled rows unexpectedly yielded only 72 percent. For soybeans, the area not subsoiled yielded 87 percent of control and the subsoiled area yielded 83 percent. In the fall, 1993, the one-third of each plot
subsoiled in 1991 was subsoiled again. An additional third was subsoiled for the first time.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
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Progress 01/01/92 to 12/30/92
Outputs
Compaction research at South Charleston ended in 1991 because the intentional compaction had an insignificant effect on crop yields. Plots at Hoytville have not been recompacted since 1989. One-third of each plot was subsoiled Oct 23, 1991. The areas not subsoiled continued to be affected by compaction. Soybean yields for the 9 t/axle plots equaled the control yields in 1992. However yields on the 18 t/axle plots were cut 70 percent compared to the control. Corn yields continued to be cut as a result of previous compaction: 13 percent for the 9 t/axle plots, and 25 percent for the 18 t/axle plots. Subsoiling with a Tye Paratill to about 30 cm improved yields for all conditions but did not have the desired effect of equalizing yields. For soybeans, subsoiling raised yields 29 percent, 16 percent and 28 percent for the control, 9 t and 18 t plots, respectively. For corn, yields were increased 7 percent, 9 percent, and 1 percent for the control, 9 t and 18 t plots,
respectively.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- WOOD, R.K., REEDER, R.C., MORGAN, M.T., AND HOLMES, R.G. 1992. Soil physical properties as affected by grain cart traffic. TRANSACTIONS of the ASAE. Accept for pub.
- REEDER, R.C. AND WOOD, R.K. 1992. Five subsoiler designs and their effects on soil and crop yields. ASAE Paper 921594. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI. Unpub.
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Progress 01/01/91 to 12/30/91
Outputs
For the fourth year in a row, plots at South Charleston were compacted with loads of 18 and 9 tonnes per axle in late November, 1990. Both topsoil and subsoil were wet. All plots were chisel plowed to remove effects of surface compaction. For the combined four years on Brookston and Crosby soils, compaction has cut average yields less than 10%. On Brookston soil, the 9 t/axle load reduced soybean yields 4% and corn yields 3%. The 18 t/axle load cut yields 9% for both crops. On Crosby soil, compaction actually increased corn yields 6% for the 9 t load and 3% for the 18 t load, mainly because of 1991 results. For soybeans the 9 t load had no effect and the 18 t load reduced yields only 3%. Plots at Hoytville were not recompacted in 1990. Soybean yields for both the 9 and 18 t/axle plots on the Hoytville silty clay loam recovered to within 8% of the control in 1991. However corn yields continued to be cut as a result of previous compaction: 23% for the 9 t/axle plots, and
50% for the 18 t/axle plots. No plots were compacted in 1991. At Hoytville one-third of each plot was subsoiled October 23, 1991.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- REEDER, R.C. and WOOD, R.K. 1991. Compaction effects on grain yields and soil properties. ASAE Paper No. 911519. Unpub. (Copies available from first author).
- WOOD, R.K. REEDER, R.C., MORGAN, M.T., and HOLMES, R.G. 1991. Soil physical properties as affected by grain cart traffic. ASAE Paper No. 911089. Unpub. (Copies available from second author).
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Progress 01/01/90 to 12/30/90
Outputs
For the third year in a row, plots at Hoytville and South Charleston were compacted with loads of 18 and 9 tonnes per axle in late November 1989. Both topsoil and subsoil were wet. All plots were chisel plowed to remove effects of surface compaction. For the three years combined, on Brookston and Crosby soils at South Charleston, compaction had little effect on corn and soybean yields. On Crosby silt loam the 18 t/axle load reduced corn and soybean yields on 3%. On Brookston silty clay loam the same load reduced corn yields 7% and soybeans 5%. On both soils the 9 t/axle load had even less or no effect. At Hoytville yields on the Hoytville silty clay loam were greatly reduced by compaction over the three years, especially with the 18 t/axle load. The 9 t/axle load reduced both corn and soybean yields 15%. The 18 t/axle load cut corn yields 35% and soybean yields 45%. (Corn data at Hoytville is average of two years because late planted 1989 crop did not
mature). Plots at South Charleston were compacted again November 20, 1990. The Hoytville plots will be compacted when plots are dry enough. Last year we reported the effect of spring compaction on the growth of cabbage, sweet corn and tomatoes. The 1989 results showed a major effect on sweet corn and cabbage but very little on tomatoes grown on Miami silt loam soil at Columbus. In 1990, with no additional compaction, on the same plots there was no effect on yields of the same crops.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 01/01/89 to 12/30/89
Outputs
Plots at Hoytville and South Charleston were compacted with loads of 18 and 9 tonnes per axle between Nov. 29 and Dec. 8, 1988. Both topsoil and subsoil were wet. All plots were chisel plowed to remove effects of surface compaction. On Brookston soil at S. Charleston and on the Hoytville soil, soybean yields were 25 and 35 percent lower, respectively, for the 18 tonne load. On Crosby soil at S. Charleston there was no effect of compaction. For corn, yields were not significantly different on the S. Charleston soils. (At Hoytville, corn could not be planted until June 23 and did not mature. (Note: A correction to the 1988 data showed that at Hoytville, for the 18 tonne load, soybean yields were 12% lower and corn yields were 25% lower). In 1989, there was no significant effect of compaction from the 9 tonne load. Between Nov. 20 and 22 the same plots were compacted with the same loads as the previous 2 years. In an additional related study, Miami silt loam
soil on the Horticulture farm at Columbus was compacted with loads of 15 and 9 tonnes per axle in May. Half the plots were chisel plowed, half were no-tilled. On both tillage systems cabbage yields were reduced 50 to 75 percent and sweet corn yields were cut 40 percent. Tomato yields were not affected. No-till plots yielded about the same as chisel plowed for tomatoes and corn: about 40 percent less for cabbage.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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Progress 07/01/88 to 12/30/88
Outputs
Plots at Hoytville and South Charleston were compacted with loads of 18 and 9 tonnes per axle in late fall, 1987. The compacting vehicles were single axle grain carts with a capacity of about 21 kL. The soil profile was dry. All plots were chisel plowed to remove effects of surface compaction. In June, soil physical properties measurements (to 0.5 m) in the Brookston plots at South Charleston revealed no significant differences among treatments. Yields of corn and soybeans in 1988 showed no significant differences among compaction treatments and control plots. Overall yields were low because of drought. Between Nov. 29 and Dec. 8, 1988, the same plots at Hoytville and South Charleston, plus new plots at Wooster, were compacted with the same loads as last year. Both topsoil and subsoil were wet.
Impacts
(N/A)
Publications
- NO PUBLICATIONS REPORTED THIS PERIOD.
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