Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/16
Outputs Target Audience:Swine producers, swine nutritionist, swine technical services, university personnel, swine producer organizations Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training for graduate students How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Journal articles, abstract, research reports, summaries at regional research meetings What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Feeding distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to finishing pigs and gestating sows dramatically increases the excretion of dry matter, nitrogen, and sulfur, and the emissions of greenhouse gases. Producers that utilize DDGS in swine diets, based on this data, should plan and attempt to mitigate the potential increases in excretion and gaseous emissions. Inclusion of 10 or 20% DDGS had little effect on ADG or G:F, but 40% DDGS reduced performance. However, DDGS did not affect ADFI. Slurry pH decreased and volume increased as DDGS increased. The daily intakes of N, Mg and S were increased linearly with increasing DDGS. However, P intake decreased, but DDGS did not affect DM and Ca intakes. Excretion (g/d) of DM, N, Mg, and S were increased by 165, 145, 159, and 279% for pigs fed 40% DDGS. Increasing DDGS slightly increased P excretion, but did not affect Ca and K excretion. Increasing DDGS increased (linear, P 0.05) the concentration and emission rates of NH3, H2S, CO2, CH4, and N2O in the exhaust air. When calculated on a per pig basis, the emissions of these gases were increased with increasing DDGS. Emissions of CH4 and H2S per pig were increased >200% for pigs fed 40% DDGS (Goal 1 and 2). To complete goal 3, a total of 88 sows (212 kg; parity = 2.5) were used to determine the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient excretion during the gestation period. Sows were stratified by BW, parity, and status of gestation, and housed in one of two identical environmentally-controlled buildings (experimental unit) with shallow pit, pull-plug systems. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned to one of two buildings in a 2 (trt) x 2 (building) crossover design. The control diet consisted of a fortified corn-soybean meal based diet formulated to 12% CP, 0.47% SID Lys and 0.39% digestible P. The experimental diet (DG40) contained 40% DDGS (89.2% DM, 26.1% CP, 0.8% P, and 2.2 ppm DON) and was formulated to 16% CP, 0.47% SID Lys and 0.39% digestible P. DDGS replaced corn, soybean meal and dicalcium phosphate and Lys HCl was used to adjust dietary levels of CP and SID Lys. Each of two phases consisted of a 6-wk period which included a 2-wk adjustment period followed by a 4-wk slurry collection period. At the end of the initial 6-wk period, treatments were switched between buildings to allow for another 6-wk period. There was no difference in feed intake (2.28 vs. 2.20 kg) for sows fed control vs. DG40. Also, slurry pH (7.66 vs. 7.65), temperature (16.6 vs. 17.2 °C), and volume (38.4 vs. 42.7 L) were similar. Daily intakes of DM, P, Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were similar for both dietary treatments. However, daily N intake (46 vs. 55 g) tended to increase, but Mg (3.1 vs. 4.5 g), Na (4.8 vs. 7.5 g), and S (4.1 vs. 7.6 g) intake increased for sows fed 40% DDGS. Inclusion of DDGS in the diet increased daily excretion of DM (199 vs. 255 g) and S (2.7 vs. 4.4 g) by 28 and 68%, respectively. The daily excretion of Ca and Mg tended to increase with DDGS. Daily N excretion increased by 20% with inclusion of DDGS in the diet. In conclusion, increasing DDGS in the diet markedly increases DM, N, and S excretion and markedly increases CH4 and H2S emissions by finishing pigs. For gestating sows, 40% inclusion of DDGS in the diet markedly increases DM and S excretion, and may influence N, Ca, and Mg excretion.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Technologies to reduce environmental impact of animal wastes associated with feeding for maximum productivity
Scott D. Carter and HaeJin Kim
Animal Frontiers 2013 3: 3: 42-47
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Kim, H.J., S.D. Carter, M.R. Bible, K. F. Coble, and T. M. Walraven. 2012. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles
(DDGS) on gaseous emissions of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):63.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Kim, H.J., S. Carter, T. Walraven, and M. Bible. 2012. Effects of increasing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient excretion during the finishing phase. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):96.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Kim, H.J., S.D. Carter, T.M. Walraven, M.R. Bible, and K.F. Coble. 2012. Effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and nutrient excretion of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):111.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Kim, H.J. 2012. Effects of dietary DDGS on pig performance, nutrient excretion, and gaseous emissions of growing-finishing pigs and gestating sows. Ph.D. Thesis. July 2012.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Carpenter, C. 2015. Effects of Paylean (ractopamine HCL) on the efficiency of feed and nutrient utilization. M.S. Thesis. July 2012.
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Progress 10/01/14 to 09/30/15
Outputs Target Audience:Swine producers, scientist Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Trainig for graduate students and undergraduates How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Finalize data, publish findings, author final report.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Experiments for all 3 goals have been completed. Data for these studies is being summarized. The ultimate goal will be to combine the data from the three experiments to estimate the effect of feeding DDGS on nutrient excretion and gaseous emissions for swine facilities. The potential increase in greenhouse potential will be computed to provide swine producers with information needed to weigh the benefits of feeding DDGS with the negatives of increased nutrient excretion and gaseous emissions.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs Target Audience: Swine Producers, scientist Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training for graduate students and undergraduates How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Complete data analysis and publish results
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
To complete goal 3, a total of 88 sows (212 kg; parity = 2.5) were used to determine the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on nutrient excretion during the gestation period. Sows were stratified by BW, parity, and status of gestation, and housed in one of two identical environmentally-controlled buildings (experimental unit) with shallow pit, pull-plug systems. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned to one of two buildings in a 2 (trt) x 2 (building) crossover design. The control diet consisted of a fortified corn-soybean meal based diet formulated to 12% CP, 0.47% SID Lys and 0.39% digestible P. The experimental diet (DG40) contained 40% DDGS (89.2% DM, 26.1% CP, 0.8% P, and 2.2 ppm DON) and was formulated to 16% CP, 0.47% SID Lys and 0.39% digestible P. DDGS replaced corn, soybean meal and dicalcium phosphate and Lys HCl was used to adjust dietary levels of CP and SID Lys. Each of two phases consisted of a 6-wk period which included a 2-wk adjustment period followed by a 4-wk slurry collection period. At the end of the initial 6-wk period, treatments were switched between buildings to allow for another 6-wk period. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in feed intake (2.28 vs. 2.20 kg) for sows fed control vs. DG40. Also, slurry pH (7.66 vs. 7.65), temperature (16.6 vs. 17.2 °C), and volume (38.4 vs. 42.7 L) were similar (P > 0.10). Daily intakes of DM, P, Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn were similar (P > 0.10) for both dietary treatments. However, daily N intake (46 vs. 55 g) tended to increase (P = 0.10), but Mg (3.1 vs. 4.5 g), Na (4.8 vs. 7.5 g), and S (4.1 vs. 7.6 g) intake increased (P < 0.05) for sows fed 40% DDGS. Inclusion of DDGS in the diet increased (P = 0.04) daily excretion of DM (199 vs. 255 g) and S (2.7 vs. 4.4 g) by 28 and 68%, respectively. The daily excretion of Ca and Mg tended to increase (P < 0.08) with DDGS. Daily N excretion increased by 20% with inclusion of DDGS in the diet; however, this was not significant (P = 0.12). In conclusion, 40% inclusion of DDGS in the diet of gestating sows markedly increases DM and S excretion, and may influence N, Ca, and Mg excretion.
Publications
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Progress 10/01/12 to 09/30/13
Outputs Target Audience: Swine Producers, scientist Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training for graduate students and undergraduates How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Complete data analysis
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Two experiments were completed and data analyses is in progress
Publications
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Progress 10/01/11 to 09/30/12
Outputs OUTPUTS: An experiment utilizing finisher pigs was determined to determine the effects of inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on growth performance and nutrient excretion. A total of 80 crossbred pigs was used to determine the effects of increasing DDGS on nutrient excretion during the finishing phase (37 to 135 kg). Pigs were housed in an environmentally-controlled building with four identical rooms (20 pigs/room), each with a shallow pit, pull-plug system. Pigs were stratified by BW, sex, and ancestry, and randomly assigned to one of four rooms. Diets were randomly allotted in 4 x 4 Latin square design with four rooms and four dietary phases. The four dietary treatments included fortified corn-soybean meal based diets containing 0, 10, 20 or 40% DDGS (88% DM, 27.8% CP, 0.08% Ca, 0.8% P, 0.32% Mg, 0.75% S ) which replaced corn, soybean meal, and dicalcium phosphate. Crystalline Lys was used to limit the increase in dietary CP for diets containing DDGS and Trp was added as needed to maintain ratios in all phases. All diets, within the four dietary phases, were balanced on SID Lys (0.92, 0.79, 0.65, 0.56%) and digestible P (0.23, 0.22, 0.21, 0.21%). Each phase consisted of a 1-wk adjustment period followed by a 3-wk slurry collection period. Feed was weighed before filling the feeders, and each room was equipped with a water meter to determine water disappearance. Each week, the pigs were removed from each room and weighed. At this time, the feeders were weighed to calculate feed intake and a feed sample was collected from each feeder. Also, at this time, water disappearance was recorded. Total pit volume was determined, and samples from the pit were obtained. The feed and pit samples were analyzed for nutrient concentration. Nutrient concentration of the slurry was multiplied by total pit volume to achieve nutrient output per week. Airflow from each exhaust fan was continuously measured and the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide concentration in the exhaust air were monitored. PARTICIPANTS: S. D. Carter, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Swine Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Principle investigator. Hae Jin Kim, Ph.D., Graduate Research Assistant, Swine Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Megan Bible M.S. Graduate Research Assistant. Swine Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. Currently pursuing PhD degree. Kyle Coble, M.S Graduate Research Assistant. Swine Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts Inclusion of 10 or 20% DDGS had little effect on ADG or G:F, but 40% DDGS reduced performance. However, DDGS did not affect ADFI. Slurry pH decreased and volume increased as DDGS increased. The daily intakes of N, Mg and S were increased linearly with increasing DDGS. However, P intake decreased, but DDGS did not affect DM and Ca intakes. Excretion (g/d) of DM, N, Mg, and S were increased by 165, 145, 159, and 279% for pigs fed 40% DDGS. Increasing DDGS slightly increased P excretion, but did not affect Ca and K excretion. Airflow was similar (P > 0.10) for all rooms. Increasing DDGS increased (linear, P < 0.05) the concentration and emission rates of NH3, H2S, CO2, CH4, and N2O in the exhaust air. When calculated on a per pig basis, the emissions of these gases were increased (linear, P < 0.04) with increasing DDGS. Emissions of CH4 and H2S per pig were increased >200% for pigs fed 40% DDGS. In conclusion, increasing DDGS in the diet markedly increases DM, N, and S excretion and markedly increases CH4 and H2S emissions by finishing pigs.
Publications
- Kim, H.J., S.D. Carter, M.R. Bible, K. F. Coble, and T. M. Walraven. 2012. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on gaseous emissions of finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 2):63.
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